LLNA?E=PEKJ @AO EIL=?PO @Q LNKCN=IIA AP @AO … · " kmjgjib`hìo_`g\Cm\i^dgdìi` g~Lp`no%omjdnd h`k mdkc mdlp`_`g\^\kdo\g`ìom`J mtnpm ... \igd`p`n`noòjp`noqd\M\mdn7g$Bno* Lp`noId\dnjiBskm`nn`nog\i^

$Page 1: LLNA?E=PEKJ @AO EIL=?PO @Q LNKCN=IIA AP @AO … · " kmjgjib`hìo_`g\Cm\i^dgdìi` g~Lp`no%omjdnd h`k mdkc mdlp`_`g\^\kdo\g`ìom`J mt*npm* ... \igd`p`n`noòjp`noqd\M\mdn7g$Bno* Lp`noId\dnjiBskm`nn`nog\i^$
BLIB 7 Mmjgjib`hìo _p OBO B q`mn g~Lp`no BQRAB A~FJM>@Q >@QR>IFPBB

M\b` 5.- , -,/3

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-,*-* =LLNA?E=PEKJ @AO EIL=?PO @Q LNKCN=IIA

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I$\mod^g` I+.//*.) FF _p ^j_` _` g~ìqdmjii`hìo) m`g\oda � g~�op_` _$dhk\ô km�qjdo lp` 7 �Ijmnlp` ^`nkmjeòn ^ji^jpmìo � g\ m�\gdn\odji _$pi h�h` kmjbm\hh` _` om\q\ps) _$\h�i\b`hìon jp _$jpqm\b`n ògjmnlp` ^`n kmjeòn njio m�\gdn�n _` h\id�m` ndhpgo\i�`) g$�op_` _$dhk\ô _jdo kjmo`m npm g$ìn`h]g` _pkmjbm\hh`+ Ijmnlp` g\ m�\gdn\odji `no �^c`gjii�` _\in g` o`hkn) g$�op_` _$dhk\ô _` ^c\^pi _`n kmjeòn_jdo ^jhkjmo`m pi` \kkm�^d\odji _`n dhk\ôn _` g$ìn`h]g` _p kmjbm\hh`+�+

I\ ^dm^pg\dm` i� 60*40 _p /4 n`ko`h]m` .660 km�^dn` g\ ijodji _` kmjbm\hh` �^c`gjii� _\in g` o`hkn 7� g` am\ôdjii`hìo _\in g` o`hkn _` g\ m�\gdn\odji _$pi kmjbm\hh` _` om\q\ps ^ji^`mi` ì b�i�m\g) _`nom\q\ps _` h�h` i\opm` lpd) ijo\hhìo kjpm _`n m\dnjin _` adi\i^`hìo) njio m�\gdn�n npm pi` k�mdj_`kgpn jp hjdin gjibp` �+

@òo` ^dm^pg\dm` di_dlp` �b\g`hìo lp$\p om\q`mn _` ^òo` `sdbì^`) dg n$\bdo _ji^) kjpm g` J\¡om`_$Lpqm\b`) _` ajpmidm) jpom` g$�op_` _$dhk\ô ^jhkg�o` gd�` � g\ kc\n` _`n om\q\ps kjpm g\lp`gg` `no_`h\i_�` pi` _�^g\m\odji _$podgdo� kp]gdlp` jp pi` \pojmdn\odji _` om\q\ps) pi` \kkm�^d\odji _`n dhk\ôn_` g$ìn`h]g` _p kmjbm\hh`+

I\ km�nìo\odji _` g$\kkm�^d\odji _`n dhk\ôn _$pi kmjbm\hh` _` om\q\ps npkkjn`) ]dì ìoì_p) lp` g`kmjbm\hh` njdo ^jiip ò lp` g$jk�m\odji njphdn` � g$ìlp�o` kp]gdlp` njdo m`kg\^�` _\in nji ^jio`so`bgj]\g+

I` ^j_` _` g$ìqdmjii`hìo km�qjdo) _\in nji \mod^g` I+.//*. lp` � gjmnlp` ^`n kmjeòn ^ji^jpmìo � g\m�\gdn\odji _$pi h�h` kmjbm\hh` _` om\q\ps) _$\h�i\b`hìon jp _$jpqm\b`n ò gjmnlp` ^`n kmjeònnjio m�\gdn�n _` h\id�m` ndhpgo\i�`) g$�op_` _$dhk\ô _jdo kjmo`m npm g$ìn`h]g` _p kmjbm\hh`+ Ijmnlp`g\ m�\gdn\odji `no �^c`gjii�` _\in g` o`hkn) g$�op_` _$dhk\ô _` ^c\^pi _`n kmjeòn _jdo ^jhkjmo`m pi`\kkm�^d\odji _`n dhk\ôn _` g$ìn`h]g` _p kmjbm\hh`+ Ijmnlp` g`n om\q\ps njio m�\gdn�n k\m _`nh\¡om`n _$jpqm\b` _daa�mìon) ^`ps*^d k`pqìo _`h\i_`m � g$\pojmdo� \_hdidnom\odq` _` g$�o\o ^jhk�oìo`ì h\od�m` _$ìqdmjii`hìo _` km�^dn`m g`n \pom`n kmjeòn _p kmjbm\hh`) _\in g` ^\_m` _`n _dnkjndodjin_` g$\mod^g` I+ .//*.*/+

Ri kmjbm\hh` _` om\q\ps) _$\h�i\b`hìon jp _$jpqm\b`n `no ^jinodop� k\m _`n kmjeòn _` om\q\ps)_$jpqm\b`n ò _$\h�i\b`hìon m�\gdn�n k\m pi jp kgpnd`pmn h\¡om`n _$jpqm\b` ò ^jinodop\io pi` pido�ajiôdjii`gg` �+

-,*-*.* H[ fhe`[j AKHA l_i)�)l_i Zk ChWdZ LWh_i

I` kmjeò BLIB _` kmjgjib`hìo _p OBO B q`mn g~Lp`no `no ì m`g\odji \q`^ kgpnd`pmn kmjeòn)kmjbm\hh`n) a`mmjqd\dm`n ò mjpod`mn) jp n^c�h\n _$\h�i\b`hìo \ôp`gg`hìo ì ^jpmn ò dio�m`nn\iog\ m�bdji �g`*_`*Cm\i^`+ Li k`po ijo\hhìo ^do`m g` N�i[Wk Z[ jhWdifehj Zk ChWdZ LWh_i lpd\h�gdjm`m\ g`n ^ji_dodjin _` _�kg\^`hìon _`n am\i^dgdìn \pojpm _` M\mdn) _�nì^g\q`m\ _` ijh]m`pso`mmdojdm`n nj^d\g`hìo am\bdgdn�n ò mìajm^`m\ ì g`n _`nn`mq\io _`n k£g`n _~\ôdqdo�n h\e`pmn %/-.1*/-/2& 7

" Q\ibìod`gg` Kjm_ %QK&*kc\n` / ìom` P\momjpqdgg` ò Bkdi\t*npm*P`di` %a`mmjqd\dm` m�bdji\g /-.5&)Q\ibìod`gg` Lp`no %QL& ìom` P\dio*D`mh\di*ì*I\t` ò >^c�m`n %a`mmjqd\dm` m�bdji\g) m�\gdn\odjiìom` /-.1 ò /-.5& 8

" `soìndji _p h�omj .1 %I .1& ìom` M\mdn*P\dio*I\u\m` ò P\dio*Aìdn %h�omj M\mdn ò kòdo`^jpmjii` /-.1*/-.4& 8

" ìajpdnn`hìo _` g\ OK .0 � K`pdggt %OK .0& %diam\nompôpm` mjpod�m` m\_d\g` nompôpm\io` )/-./*/-/-& 8

" kmjgjib`hìo _` g\ Cm\i^dgdìi` � g~Lp`no %omjdnd�h` k�mdkc�mdlp` _` g\ ^\kdo\g` ìom` J�mt*npm*Ldn` ò Lmb`q\g) ^\gì_md`m iji \mm�o�) _\in g`n _ds \in& 8

" Idbi` Kjpq`gg` M\mdn*Kjmh\i_d` %IKMK& %\h�gdjm\odji _` g\ lp\gdo� _` g\ _`nn`mo` a`mmjqd\dm` _`g\ Kjmh\i_d` ì m`^jpm\io � g\ bm\i_` qdo`nn` ò ì ^jiajmo\io g\ gd\dnji ìom` M\mdn ò n\ a\�\_`h\mdodh` %_\o` _` m�\gdn\odji iji ì^jm` qm\dhìo \mm�o�`) h\dn kjpmm\do �om` \nnù kmj^c`& 8

" no\_` >mì\ � K\io`mm`) kmjeò pm]\di _` no\_` ^jhkmì\io \pnnd _`n \ôdqdo�n o`mod\dm`n %/-./*/-.1&) >h�i\b`hìo pm]\di _p lp\mod`m _`n Dmjp`n � K\io`mm`+ @` n`ô`pm _` 43 c`ô\m`n ndop�\p Kjm_*Bno _` g\ apopm` gdbi` BLIB) `no pi n`ô`pm � m�c\]dgdo`m ì g~pm]\idn\io %/-.3& 8

" kmjgjib`hìo _` Q . ìom` P\dio*Aìdn ò K\io`mm`+

Qjpoàjdn) g` epb` \kkm�^d` _` h\id�m` ^jino\io` lp$dg i` n`m\do k\n k`modiìo _` kmì_m` ì ^jind_�m\odjig`n dhk\ôn �qìop`gn _` kmjeòn ^jii`s`n lpd km�nìo`m\dìo � ^` no\_` pi ^\m\ô�m` \g�\ojdm`+

Bi jpom`) g` kmjgjib`hìo _p OBO B q`mn g~Lp`no omjpq` n\ kg`di` epnodad^\odji di_�kì_\hhìo _`^`mo\din \pom`n kmjeòn a`mmjqd\dm`n %O�n`\p _` om\inkjmo _pDm\i_ M\mdn) IKMK& lpd _`qm\dìo g` ^jhkg�o`mò kmj]\]g`hìo mìajm^`m n`n àaòn) n\in lp$dg njdo kjpm \po\io kjnnd]g` _$�q\gp`m) h�h` _` h\id�m`dhkm�^dn`) g`pmn di^d_ì^`n ^jhko` oìp _$pi idq`\p _` _�adidodji ì^jm` omjk b�i�m\g+

>dind) nd g` kmjgjib`hìo _p OBO B q`mn g~Lp`no \ qj^\odji) pi` ajdn g` m�n`\p _p Dm\i_ M\mdn \^c`q�) �ì ^jinodop`m pi �g�hìo) dg omjpq` n\ kg`di` epnodad^\odji di_�kì_\hhìo _` g\ m�\gdn\odji _p n^c�h\_$ìn`h]g` kp]gd� \p Gjpmi\g jaad^d`g _p /3 \j¥o /-..+

Li k`po _ji^ ^jind_�m`m lp` g` kmjeò BLIB _` kmjgjib`hìo _p OBO B q`mn g~Lp`no i` ^jinodop` k\npi` k\mod` _` ^` kmjbm\hh` ò _dnkjn` \p ^jiom\dm` _~pi` ajiôdjii\gdo� kmjkm`+


M\b` 5.. , -,/3

=k h[]WhZ Z[ bW j[cfehWb_j� Z[i . fhe`[ji

H Z Q M Z `t ^ U[ ^ U`t UZ P U_ O a `M N XQ

I` kmjeò OBO B � BLIB omjpq` nji jmdbdi` ì jôj]m` .656 gjmnlp` g` Mm`hd`m hdidnom` \iiji^` g\m�\gdn\odji _$pi` gdbi` a`mmjqd\dm` � bm\i_ b\]\mdo _`q\io m`gd`m g`n ]\igd`p`n `no ò jp`no qd\ M\mdn 7 g$Bno*Lp`no Id\dnji Bskm`nn `no g\i^�`+

I\ k\mod` _p kmjeò j]eò _` g\ km�nìo` �op_` _$dhk\ô \ �o� didod�` k\m pi` _`h\i_` _` g$�o\]gdnn`hìokp]gd^ _$\h�i\b`hìo _` I\ A�aìn` _$�op_d`m g` kmjgjib`hìo _p OBO B q`mn g$jp`no) ì g` m\^^jm_\io\ps qjd`n `sdno\io`n _` g\ gdbi` P\dio*I\u\m`*J\io`n*g\*Gjgd`+ I` kmjeò \ _ji^ �o� didod� ì epdggò /--3kpdn din^mdo \p @jiom\o _` kmjeò �o\o*O�bdji /--4*/-.0+ Fg `no _ji^ ]dì \io�md`pm � g$d_�` h�h` _p Dm\i_M\mdn lpd \ �h`mb� \km�n g\ ijhdi\odji) ì /--5) _p n`^m�o\dm` _$�o\o ^c\mb� _p _�q`gjkk`hìo _` g\m�bdji ^\kdo\g`+

H Z Q O [ Z RU^ Y M Ù[ Z P M Z _ XM X[ U P Q \ ^ [ S ^ M Y Y M Ù[ Z ^ Q XM Ùb Q q XM Y U_ Q Q Z "a b ^ Q P a ; ^ Q Z Q XXQ P QX!Q Z b U^ [ Z Z Q Y Q Z `

I$\mod^g` .1 _` g\ gjd i�/--6*634 _p 0 \j¥o /--6 _dnkjn` lp` � \p ijh]m` _`n \ôdjin kmdjmdo\dm`n _�adid`n_\in g` ^\_m` _` ^ji^`mo\odjin k�mdj_dlp`n ìom` g$�o\o) g\ m�bdji ò g`n �o\]gdnn`hìon kp]gd^n ^jhk�oìonkjpmmjio adbpm`m g` kmjgjib`hìo _` g\ gdbi` BLIB q`mn J\io`n kjpm \nnpm`m g\ gd\dnji \q`^ g$\s` _` g\P`di` ò g\ Kjmh\i_d` ò _`n njgpodjin � g$ìbjmb`hìo _` g\ gdbi` .0 _p h�omj k\mdndì �+

I` kmjeò _` mj^\_` nompôpm\io` k\m h�omj \pojh\odlp` `no \iiji^� _\in ^` h�h` \mod^g` ò � n`m\ g\i^�\km�n ^ji^`mo\odji \q`^ g$\pojmdo� jmb\idn\omd^`) ì ^jhkg�hìo\mdo� \q`^ g`n \pom`n kmjeòn_$diam\nompôpm`n _` om\inkjmo _�e� ìb\b�n _\in g` ^\_m` _p ^jiom\o _` kmjeòn �o\o*O�bdji �+

I\ gjd \ _ji^ m`^jiip g` ^\m\ô�m` ^jhkg�hìo\dm` _p kmjeò _` h�omj _p Dm\i_ M\mdn k\m m\kkjmo \pkmjeò BLIB _jio g$\io�mdjmdo� `no \dind ^jiadmh�`+ I\ m�a�mì^` `skgd^do` _\in g\ gjd+

I\ ^jhkg�hìo\mdo� \q`^ _$\pom`n kmjeòn _�e� ìb\b�n _\in g` ^\_m` _p @MBO \ k\m g`pm _�adid pià`pdgg` _` mjpo` kjpm g\ ^ji_pdo` _`n �op_`n i�^`nn\dm`n+

@jhko` oìp _` ^`n �g�hìon) dg \kk\m\¡o _daad^dg` _$�q\gp`m) h�h` \kkmjsdh\odq`hìo) g`n dhk\ôn^phpg�n _p kmjeò BLIB ò _p apopm m�n`\p _` om\inkjmo _p Dm\i_ M\mdn+

=k h[]WhZ Z[ bW Ye^�h[dY[ Z#[di[cXb[

I\ gjd _p 0 epdi /-.- m`g\odq` \p Dm\i_ M\mdn \ km�qp lp` g\ m�\gdn\odji _p ijpq`\p m�n`\p _` om\inkjmok\m h�omj \pojh\odlp` _`q\do �om` ^jjm_jii�` \q`^ g`n h`npm`n _` ^m�\odji) _$\h�gdjm\odji ò _`hj_`midn\odji _p m�n`\p `sdno\io ì �g`*_`*Cm\i^`+

Fg \kk\modìo _�n gjmn \p apopm h�omj \pojh\odlp` _p Dm\i_ M\mdn _` q`dgg`m � ^òo` ^jjm_di\odji ò)dhkgd^do`hìo) _$dio�bm`m \ps �op_`n lpd g` ^ji^`miìo g$ìn`h]g` _`n diam\nompôpm`n km�qp`n\io�md`pm`hìo+

Fg `no _ji^ n`pg`hìo kjnnd]g`) � ^` no\_`) _` kmì_m` ì ^jhko` g`n �op_`n _dnkjid]g`n) ijo\hhìog$�q\gp\odji nom\o�bdlp` ìqdmjii`hìo\g` km�nìo�` gjmn _p _�]\o kp]gd^ _p kmjeò _` h�omj _p Dm\i_M\mdn+ Mjpm g`n m\dnjin hìodjii�`n npkm\) ^`g\ i` km�nìo` ojpoàjdn lp$pi dio�m�o gdhdo�+

M\m \dgg`pmn) g\ ijodji _` kmjbm\hh` _jdo �om` \kkm�^d�` \p m`b\m_ _` g\ ^jhkg�hìo\mdo� _`n kmjeòn lpdg` ^jhkjnìo) h\dn �b\g`hìo \p m`b\m_ _` g`pmn gdìn _` np]nd_d\mdo� jp _` _�kì_\i^`+ Big$j^^pmmì^`) g` kmjeò BLIB) _` k\m nji \io�mdjmdo�) n`n j]e`ôdan \aadmh�n _�n .656 ò g$\q\i^`hìo h�h`_p _jnnd`m) k`po �om` ^jind_�m� ^jhh` \pojijh`+ P\ epnodad^\odji m`no` ìod�m` ì _�kdo _` g\ m�\gdn\odji_p h�omj _p Dm\i_ M\mdn 8 g` _�]\o kp]gd^ m`g\oda \p om\inkjmo kp]gd^ _p Dm\i_ M\mdn i$\ o*dg k\n) ì àaò)dindno� � h\dio`n m`kmdn`n) npm g\ i�^`nndo� _$\h�gdjm`m g\ ndop\odji `sdno\io` ò ijo\hhìo _` _�n\opm`mg`n gdbi`n _` OBO) _`h\i_` m�^pmmìo` � g\lp`gg` m�kji_ g` kmjeò BLIB \gjmn lp` o`g i$`no k\n g$j]e`ôdakm`hd`m _p h�omj _p Dm\i_ M\mdn) h�h` n$dg t ^jiomd]p`m\ �b\g`hìo+

I` a\do lp` g\ Pj^d�o� _p Dm\i_ M\mdn ìb\b` g`n om\q\ps m`g\odan � g$�op_` _$dhk\ô _p m�n`\p _` om\inkjmo_p Dm\i_ M\mdn � g$�^c`gg` bgj]\g` ^jiadmh` g\ k`modiì^` _` ^òo` \kkmj^c`+ I` kmjgjib`hìo BLIB _pOBO B q`mn g~Lp`no n`m\ \dind dio�bm� � g\ ndop\odji _` m�a�mì^` kjpm g$�q\gp\odji _`n dhk\ôn _pkmjbm\hh` _$ìn`h]g`+


M\b` 5./ , -,/3

-,*.* LNEOA AJ ?KILPA @AO ABBAPO ?QIQHAO =RA? @r=QPNAOLNKFAPO ?KJJQO

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I\ i�^`nndo� _` ^ji_pdm` pi` \kkmj^c` _`n àaòn ^phpg�n _p kmjeò \q`^ _~\pom`n kmjeòn ^jiipn^jinodop` pi` �qjgpodji ndbidad^\odq` _` g~�op_` _~dhk\ô+ I~\mod^g` O.//*2 FF 1� _p ^j_` _` g~ìqdmjii`hìokm�^dn` g`n kmjeòn � dio�bm`m _\in g~\i\gtn`+ Fg n~\bdo _`n kmjeòn lpd 7

" jio a\do g~j]eò _~pi _j^phìo _~di^d_ì^`n \p odom` _~\mod^g` O/.1*3 _p ^j_` _` g~ìqdmjii`hìo ò_~pi` ìlp�o` kp]gdlp` 8

" jio a\do g~j]eò _~pi` �op_` _~dhk\ô ò _~pi \qdn _` g~\pojmdo� ìqdmjii`hìo\g` kp]gd�+

I` ^j_` km�^dn` lp` g\ _\o` � mòìdm kjpm ^`n kmjeòn `no g\ _\o` _` _�k£o _` g~�op_` _~dhk\ô kjpm \qdn_` g~>pojmdo� ìqdmjii`hìo\g` 7 ^` kjdio ^jinodop` pi` m�`gg` _daad^pgo� kpdnlp` g~�op_` _~dhk\ô `no \dindnpn^`kod]g` _~�qjgp`m epnlp~\p _�k£o _p _jnnd`m+ Fg `no _ji^ i�^`nn\dm` _~\iod^dk`m npm g`n kmjeòn ì ^jpmn_jio g\ _`h\i_` _~\pojmdn\odji `no npn^`kod]g` _~�om` _�kjn�` _\in g\ h�h` o`hkjm\gdo� lp` g` kmjeò+

K` njio k\n ^jind_�m�n ^jhh` !\pom`n kmjeòn ^jiipn! ^`ps lpd njio \]\i_jii�n k\m g`pm h\¡om`_~jpqm\b`) ^`ps kjpm g`nlp`gn g~\pojmdn\odji `no _`qìp` ^\_plp` \dind lp` ^`ps lpd njio m�\gdn�n %^`n_`mid`mn �o\io dio�bm�n � g~\i\gtn` _` g~�o\o didod\g _p kmjeò&+

Ijmn _` g~�g\]jm\odji _` g~�op_` _~dhk\ô _p kmjeò Bjg` ì /-..) _\in g` ^\_m` _p _jnnd`m _~ìlp�o`kp]gdlp` km�\g\]g` � g\ ARM) ^òo` j]gdb\odji i~`sdno\do k\n npm g` kg\i m�bg`hìo\dm` %]dì lp~`gg` \do �o�\iod^dk�` k\m pi` \i\gtn` _`n \pom`n kmjeòn npn^`kod]g`n _~�om` m�\gdn�n&+

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I` ^\n km�nìo `no k\mod^pgd`m kpdnlp` g` kmjeò BLIB \ _�e� �o� _�^g\m� _~podgdo� kp]gdlp`+ I~�op_` _~dhk\ô\ _ji^ _�e� �o� m�\gdn�`) h\dn dg `no i�^`nn\dm` _` g\ hòom` � ejpm \adi _` g~\ii`s`m \p _jnnd`m Ijd npmg~`\p lpd \ �o� _�kjn� ì epdi /-.1 kjpm j]oìodji _` g~\qdn _` g~>pojmdo� ìqdmjii`hìo\g`+

Ri` \i\gtn` _`n àaòn ^phpg�n \q\do �o� didod�` _\in g` ^\_m` _` g~�op_` _~dhk\ô didod\g`) h\dn dg `no\pejpm_~cpd i�^`nn\dm` _` g\ hòom` � ejpm ì ajiôdji _` g~�qjgpodji _`n kg\iidibn _`n kmjeòn lpd \q\dìo�o� d_ìodad�n � g~�kjlp`) h\dn �b\g`hìo ì ajiôdji _`n kmjeòn �h`mbìon+

I\ n�g`ôdji _`n kmjeòn \ �o� m�\gdn�` _` g\ a\�ji npdq\io` 7

" \i\gtn` _` g~\q\i^`hìo _`n kmjeòn lpd \q\dìo �o� _�o`ô�n _\in g` ^\_m` _` g~�op_` _~dhk\ôdidod\g` ^jhh` _`q\io �om` \i\gtn�n \p odom` _`n àaòn ^phpg�n 7 ^òo` \i\gtn` \ ^jindno� � q�mdad`mlp` ^`n kmjeòn ìomìo ojpejpmn _\in g` ^\_m` m�bg`hìo\dm` _` g~\i\gtn` _`n àaòn ^phpg�n)

" \i\gtn` _`n kmjeòn �op_d�n _\in g` ^\_m` _`n _dq`mn`n m�ag`sdjin hì�`n npm g`n dio`ma\^`n ìom`g`n _daa�mìon kmjeòn km�qpn npm g` om\^� ò ijo\hhìo g\ ^jjm_di\odji _`n ^dm^pg\odjin _` ^c\iod`mnpm g` ndo` _` I\ A�aìn` 7 q�mdad^\odji lp` ^`n kmjeòn ìomìo _\in g` ^\_m` m�bg`hìo\dm` _`g~\i\gtn` _`n àaòn ^phpg�n)

" m`^c`m^c` ]d]gdjbm\kcdlp` _`n kmjeòn ìom\io _\in g` ^\_m` m�bg`hìo\dm` _`n àaòn ^phpg�n) lpdi~\pm\dìo k\n �o� d_ìodad�n k\m g` ]d\dn _`n _`ps m�ag`sdjin km�^�_ìo`n 7 ^jinpgo\odji _`n ndo`nFio`miò _p @DBAA) @DAA) Mm�a`ôpm`) AAQ) AOFBB) ò^+

M\mhd ^`n kmjeòn) jio �o� _dnodibp�n 7

" b[i fhe`[ji [djhWdj ijh_Yj[c[dj ZWdi b[ Y^Wcf ZrWffb_YWj_ed Z[i [\\[ji Ykckb�i 7 ^`nkmjeòn njio ^`ps lpd) gjmn _p _�k£o _` g~�op_` _~dhk\ô %jp _\in g` ^\n km�nìo _p _jnnd`m Ijd npmg~`\p � njdo � g\ _\o` _` h\mn /-.3& 7

b k ONT GBJT L"OCKFT E"UN EODUMFNT E"JNDJEFNDFS BU TJTRF EF L"BRTJDLF >( ,+.'0 FT E"UNF FNQU\TFkp]gdlp` 8k ONT GBJT L"OCKFT E"UNF ZTUEF E"JMPBDT BU TJTRF EU 7OEF EF LcFNVJRONNFMFNT FT POUR LFSQUFLS UN BVJS_` g$\pojmdo� \_hdidnom\odq` _` g$Bo\o ^jhk�oìo` ì h\od�m` _$ìqdmjii`hìo \ �o� mì_p kp]gd^+ � 8

" b[i fhe`[ji ikiY[fj_Xb[i Zr[djh[h ZWdi b[ Y^Wcf ZrWffb_YWj_ed Z[i [\\[ji Ykckb�i � Yekhjj[hc[*

> g~dnnp` _` ^òo` ^jgg`ô`) 10 kmjeòn _` i\opm` om�n _dq`mn` �o\dìo m`^ìn�n ^jhh` kjpq\io�qìop`gg`hìo a\dm` g~j]eò _~pi` \i\gtn` _`n àaòn ^phpg�n \q`^ g` kmjeò BLIB 7 dg n~\bdnn\dokmdi^dk\g`hìo _` kmjeòn _~diam\nompôpm`n _` om\inkjmo %mjpod`m jp a`mmjqd\dm`& ò _`n jk�m\odjin_~pm]\idnh` ò _~\h�i\b`hìo pm]\di %Wji` _~>h�i\b`hìo @ji^`mo�) k\m^ _~\ôdqdo�n) bm\i_�lpdk`hìo) x&+

@òo` gdno` ^jhkjmo\do _`n _jp]gjin) ^`mo\din kmjeòn �o\io d_ìodad�n � kgpnd`pmn odom`n) k\m `s`hkg` \pom\q`mn _~pi` �op_` _~dhk\ô ò _~pi _jnnd`m _` _`h\i_` _~\pojmdn\odji \p odom` _` g\ kjgd^` _` g~`\p %^~`nog` ^\n ijo\hhìo _p kmjeò _` _�n\opm\odji _` g\ gdbi` .0 _p h�omj k\m g` kmjgjib`hìo _` g\ gdbi` .1&+

Ri` \i\gtn` n�g`ôdq` _` ^òo` gdno` \ ìnpdo` �o� ^ji_pdo` n`gji g`n ^mdo�m`n _` gj^\gdn\odji ò _àjiôdjii\gdo� qdn*�*qdn _p kmjeò Bjg` 7@~`no ì ^mjdn\io ^`n _`ps k\m\h�om`n lp` g` ^cjds _`n kmjeòn � om\do`m \p odom` _` g~\i\gtn` _`n àaòn^phpg�n \ �o� m�\gdn�+

Dgj]\g`hìo) ^~`no g\ kmjsdhdo� jp g\ kjndodji _~dio`ma\^` \q`^ g` kmjeò BLIB lpd \ �o� g` a\ô`pmkm�kji_�m\io _` n�g`ôdji+

I\ kmj^�_pm` Ijd npm g~`\p �o\io m�\gdn�` ì / kc\n`n) pi` km`hd�m` ^ji^`mi\io g` k�mdh�om`b�jbm\kcdlp` ìom` Ojn\ M\mfn ò K\io`mm`) ò pi` _`psd�h` ^ji^`mi\io g` m`no` _p om\^� ì _dm`ôdji_` g~Lp`no) g~\i\gtn` _`n àaòn ^phpg�n `no m�\gdn�` ì _`ps o`hkn 7

" pi` \i\gtn` _`n àaòn ^phpg�n \q`^ g`n kmjeòn ì dio`ma\^` \q`^ g\ kc\n` . _` g\ kmj^�_pm` Ijdnpm g~`\p _~Bjg` npm g` k�mdh�om` b�jbm\kcdlp` ìom` Ojn\ M\mfn ò K\io`mm`)

" pi` \i\gtn` _`n àaòn ^phpg�n \q`^ g`n kmjeòn ì dio`ma\^` \q`^ g\ kc\n` / _` g\ kmj^�_pm` Ijdnpm g~`\p _~Bjg` npm g` k�mdh�om` b�jbm\kcdlp` ìom` K\io`mm` ò J\io`n*g\*Gjgd`+

I`n _`ps o\]g`\ps npdq\ion d_ìodadìo pi` gdno` jkodhdn�` _`n kmjeòn d_ìodad�n kjpm g~\i\gtn` _`n àaòn^phpg�n 7

" .1 kmjeòn npm g` k�mdh�om` b�jbm\kcdlp` ìom` Ojn\ M\mfn ò K\io`mm`" .2 kmjeòn npm g` k�mdh�om` b�jbm\kcdlp` ìom` K\io`mm` ò J\io`n*g\*Gjgd`+


M\b` 5.0 , -,/3

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M\m^ _p k`pkg` _` g$c`m]` %@\mmd`m`n njpn Mjdnnt&@>/OP _�njmh\dn dio�bm�` \p n`di _` g\ @jhhpi\po� Rm]\di`

Dm\i_ M\mdn P`di` ò Ldn`.6,./,/-./ /-./ � /-.4

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M\b` 5.2 , -,/3

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I\ ijodji _~àaòn ^phpg�n m`^jpqm` g~\__dodji) _\in g` o`hkn jp _\in g~`nk\^`) _~àaòn _dm`ôn jp di_dm`ôndnnpn _~pi jp _` kgpnd`pmn kmjeòn ò ^ji^`mi\io g\ h�h` ìodo� %m`nnjpm^`n) kjkpg\odjin jp^jhhpi\po�n cph\di`n jp i\opm`gg`n) �^jntno�h`n) \ôdqdo�n) x&+ Bgg` di^gpo \pnnd g\ ijodji _` nti`mbd`ìom` àaòn+

I`n àaòn ^phpg�n njio g` m�npgo\o _` ojpo`n g`n \ôdjin k\nn�`n) km�nìo`n ò � qìdm %kmjeòn)kmjbm\hh`n) x& lpd \aa`ôìo pi` ìodo�+ I~di^m�hìo\odji _�^jpg` _~\ôdjin di_dqd_p`gg`n hdi`pm`n h\dnlpd k`pqìo �om` bgj]\g`hìo dhkjmo\io`n 7

" _`n dhk\ôn �g�hìo\dm`n a\d]g`n _` _daa�mìon kmjeòn %k\m `s`hkg` _`n dhk\ôn n`^ji_\dm`n jpdi_dm`ôn&) h\dn ^phpg�n _\in g` o`hkn jp _\in g~`nk\^`) jp ^phpg�n \ps kmj]g�h`nìqdmjii`hìo\ps _�e� `sdno\ion) k`pqìo ìbì_m`m _`n di^d_ì^`n ijo\]g`n)

" _` ^phpg _~dhk\ôn k`po \qjdm kgpn _` ^jin�lpì^`n lp~pi` ndhkg` epso\kjndodji _`n dhk\ôn�g�hìo\dm`n _` _daa�mìon kmjeòn %ijodji _` nti`mbd`) àaò _�^pkg�&+

" @~`no _ji^ pi` ijodji ^jhkg`s` lpd i�^`nndo` pi` \kkmj^c` bgj]\g` _`n di^d_ì^`n npmg~ìqdmjii`hìo 7 \kkmj^c` o`mmdojmd\g`) \kkmj^c` o`hkjm`gg`) \kkmj^c` k\m ìodo� , m`nnjpm^`dhk\ô�`) \kkmj^c` hpgodkmjeòn+

"

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I`n .1 kmjeòn _` g\ kc\n` . jio a\do g~j]eò _` m`bmjpk`hìon kjpm ndhkgdad`m g~\i\gtn`+ Qmjdn otk`n _`kmjeòn njio hdn ì `s`mbp` 7

" H[i ]hWdZi fhe`[ji Zr_d\hWijhkYjkh[ 6

! Mmjgjib`hìo _` g\ gdbi` .1 _p h�omj k\mdndì epnlp$� P\dio*Lpì %60&)! Mmjgjib`hìo _p Q. _` ?j]dbit � S\g*_`*Cjioì\t 8

" H[i fhe`[ji khXW_di beYWb_i�i Wk d_l[Wk Zk i[Yj[kh Z[ HW @�\[di[ + JWdj[hh[+?ekhX[le_[

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" H[i fhe`[ji khXW_di beYWb_i�i Wk d_l[Wk Zk i[Yj[kh NeiW LWhai

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" H[i fhe`[ji beYWb_i�i Wk d_l[Wk Zk i[Yj[kh Z[ Le_iio 6

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\bì^`hìo _`n lp\dn _` P`di` npm g`n ^jhhpi`n _` Qmd`g*npm*P`di` ò _` S`mijpdggò

" H[i fhe`[ji beYWb_i�i Wk d_l[Wk Zk i[Yj[kh Z[ IWdj[i)bW)Feb_[ 6

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� ò � g`n bm\qd`mn � � ?p^c`g\t

" H[ ]hWdZ fhe`[j Zr_d\hWijhkYjkh[

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> ^jiom\mdj) ì o`mh`n _` mdnlp`n i\opm`gn jp _` hdgd`ps i\opm`gn k\m `s`hkg`) _`n àaòn ^phpg�nkjpmmjio �om` \q�m�n kjpm _`n kmjeòn kgpn �gjdbi�n+

>km�n pi` km�nìo\odji m�nph�` _`n � \pom`n kmjeòn ^jiipn � kmdn ì ^jhko`) g`n àaòn ^phpg�n njioWdWboi�i ikYY[ii_l[c[dj [d f^Wi[ Zr[nfbe_jWj_ed [j [d f^Wi[ jhWlWkn*

I~\i\gtn` n~\kkpd` npm _`n o\]g`\ps epso\kjn\io) n`gji g`n bm\i_`n ^jhkjn\io`n _` g~ìqdmjii`hìomòìp`n _\in g~�op_` _~dhk\ô _p kmjeò BLIB 7

" g` m\kk`g ntioc�odlp` _`n àaòn _p kmjeò BLIB %\p _mjdo _`n \pom`n kmjeòn ^jiipn mòìpn& 8

" g`n àaòn _` ^`n \pom`n kmjeòn ^jiipn 8

" g`n àaòn ^phpg�n \q`^ g`n \pom`n kmjeòn ^jiipn 8

" pi` _`mid�m` ^jgjii` k`mhò _` km�^dn`m g`n h`npm`n _~\oo�ip\odji �qìop`gg`hìo kmjkjn�`n+


M\b` 5.3 , -,/3

Ri` ntioc�n` k`mhò _` ^ji^gpm` npm g~`sdnoì^` jp iji _~àaòn ^phpg�n ndbidad^\odan ò g`pm i\opm`+

Mjpm g`n kmjeòn _` g\ kc\n` .) g~\i\gtn` `no m�\gdn�` njpn ajmh` _` o\]g`\p kjpm .0 _`n .1 kmjeòn mòìpn+Bi m`q\i^c`) g` kmjeò _~dhkg\io\odji _~pi kjmo agpqd\g npm g\ P`di` gd� \p kmjeò E`mhdo\b` a\do g~j]eò _~pi`\i\gtn` kgpn kjpnn�` �o\io _jii� g\ ajmo` dio`m\ôdji \ooì_p`+

I` o\]g`\p ^d*_`nnjpn km�nìo` g`n k�mdj_`n _` om\q\ps ìqdn\b�`n kjpm g`n kmjeòn gdno�n _\in g` ^\_m`_` g~\i\gtn` _`n àaòn ^phpg�n \q`^ g`n kmjeòn ^jiipn %^c\kdom` .- _` g~�op_` _~dhk\ô \ôp\gdn�`&+ Fghjiom` lp` g~ìn`h]g` _`n kmjeòn n` m`^jpk` ò hò �b\g`hìo ì �qd_ì^` g\ _daad^pgo� _~j]oìdm _`n_\o`n km�^dn`n ò g`n n`ô`pmn dhk\ô�n kì_\io g`n om\q\ps+

Mmjeò , M�mdj_` _` om\q\ps /-.2 /-.3 /-.4 /-.5 /-.6

Mmjgjib`hìo _` g\ gdbi` .1 _p h�omj k\mdndì epnlp$� P\dio*Lpì %60&

Mmjgjib`hìo _p Q. _` ?j]dbit � S\g*_`*Cjioì\t

Mmjeò _` ^jinompôdji _p Po\_` >mì\ 6/ %K\io`mm`&

Mmjeò _` ^jinompôdji � @\hkpn I\ A�aìn` � %K\io`mm`&

Mmjeò E`mhdo\b` %@jpm]`qjd`&

Mmjeò _` ^jinompôdji _` g\ ojpm >dm/%@jpm]`qjd`&A�h\mm\bìji km�^dn�

Mmjeò _` g\ Qjpm Qmdidot %@jpm]`qjd` ò Mpo`\ps&

Mmjeò _~>h�i\b`hìo _`n lp\mod`mn @c`hdi _` g$Fg` òO�kp]gdlp` %K\io`mm`&

Fi^jiip

@jinompôdji _` g\ ojpm >goj %@jpm]`qjd`&A�h\mm\bìji km�^dn�

Mmjeò _` ^jinompôdji _` g\ Qjpm Mc\m` %Mpo`\ps&Kji _�h\mm�%ijmh\g`hìo /-./&

W>@ _`n Mmjqdi^`n Cm\i�\dn`n %K\io`mm`&

I\ uji` _` K\io`mm` I\ A�aìn` a\do g~j]eò _~pi` hpo\odji ^jiodip` ò _dnkjn` \dind _~pi` hpgodop_` _`kmjeò kjpm g`n \ii�`n � qìdm+ Fg `no _daad^dg` _~`nodh`m g` ijh]m` _` ^c\iod`m kjoìod`gg`hìo ^ji^jhdo\ionpm ^` n`ô`pm kì_\io g\ kc\n` ^c\iod`m BLIB+ Bi oì\io ^jhko` pidlp`hìo _`n kmjeòn \t\io a\dog~j]eò _~pi \qdn _` g~>`) dg `no _�e� _daad^dg` _~\iod^dk`m ^\m g`n _jii�`n i` njio k\n ojpejpmn km�nìo`n)ad\]g`n ò npmojpo lp` g` kmjeò k`po a\dm` g~j]eò _~\g�\ lpd mò\m_` g`n `nodh\odjin km�qdndjii`gg`n^ji^`mi\io g`n _�h\mm\b`n _`n ^c\iod`mn+ >dind g` o\]g`\p m`^ìn` pidlp`hìo g`n �g�hìon ^jiipn%_dnkjid]g`n& _`n kc\n`n ^c\iod`mn ì dio`m\ôdji kjoìod`gg`n \q`^ g` kmjeò BLIB+

Mjpm g`n kmjeòn _` g\ kc\n` /) g~\i\gtn` `no `s^gpndq`hìo m�\gdn�` njpn ajmh` _` o\]g`\p+

-,*.*0* HeYWb_iWj_ed Z[i u Wkjh[i fhe`[ji Yeddki } fh_i [d Yecfj[ fekh brWdWboi[ Z[i[\\[ji Ykckb�i Wl[Y b[ fhe`[j AKHA

I`n ^\mo`n npdq\io`n k`mhòoìo _` gj^\gdn`m g`n � \pom`n kmjeòn ^jiipn � qdn*�*qdn _p kmjeò BLIB %hdn`� ejpm h\mn /-.2&+


M\b` 5.4 , -,/3


M\b` 5.5 , -,/3


M\b` 5/, , -,/3


M\b` 5/- , -,/3

-,*.*1* Lh�i[djWj_ed Z[i fhe`[ji Z[ bW f^Wi[ - $Z[ NeiW LWhai � JWdj[hh[%

ChWdZi fhe`[ji Zr_d\hWijhkYjkh[

C ^ [ X[ Z S Q Y Q Z ` P Q XM XUS Z Q ) , P a Y t `^ [ \ M ^ U_ UQ Z

I` kmjeò ^jindno` � kmjgjib`m ì njpo`mm\di g\ gdbi` .1 _p h�omj k\mdndì _`kpdn g\ no\odji P\dio*I\u\mèpnlp~� g\ no\odji J\dmd` _` P\dio*Lpì) ^`^d _\in g` ]po _` _�n\opm`m g\ gdbi` .0 %]m\i^c` _` P\dio*AìdnRidq`mndo�&+ I~\h�i\b`hìo ^jhkmì_ g\ ^m�\odji _`n no\odjin dio`mh�_d\dm`n _` Mjio @\m_diò) Mjmo` _`@gd^ct ò @gd^ct P\dio*Lpì OBO @+ I` kmjeò ^jhkjmo` ì jpom` g\ ^m�\odji � P\dio*Lpì _$pi ndo` _`h\dioì\i^` ò _` m`hdn\b` _`n m\h`n) m\^^jm_� ì njpo`mm\di \p opii`g kmdi^dk\g _` g\ gdbi` .1) \dindlp` _$jpqm\b`n _` n`mqd^` i�^`nn\dm`n \p ajiôdjii`hìo _` g\ gdbi`+

I` kmjeò kjpmnpdo omjdn j]e`ôdan 7

" _�n\opm`m g\ gdbi` .0) ì ^m�\io _`n ^jmm`nkji_\i^`n \q`^ g\ gdbi` .1 \ps no\odjin J\dmd` _` P\dio*Lpì ò Mjmo` _` @gd^ct) ì qp` _~pi` _�^c\mb` _p omji^ ^jhhpi ò _`n _`ps ]m\i^c`n _` g\ gdbi`.0 8

" hd`ps _`nn`mqdm _`n n`ô`pmn ì _�q`gjkk`hìo _` M\mdn) @gd^ct*g\*D\mìi` ò P\dio*Lpì 8

" mìajm^`m g` h\dgg\b` _`n om\inkjmon ^jgg`ôdan m�bdji\ps ì \nnpm\io ijo\hhìo g\ ^jmm`nkji_\i^`_` g\ gdbi` .1 \q`^ g\ gdbi` @ _p OBO %]m\i^c` _` Mjiojdn`& ò g` om\hr\t _`n J\m�^c\ps %gdbi`Q0&+

I` om\^� _p kmjgjib`hìo _` g\ I.1 ^mjdn` g` OBO B \ps \]jm_n _` g\ b\m` P\dio*I\u\m`+ Ri \^^�nnpkkg�hìo\dm` \p h�omj n`m\ ^m�� _\in ^` n`ô`pm %mp` _p Oj^c`m&+

C ^ [ X[ Z S Q Y Q Z ` P a G )

I` kmjeò ^ji^`mi` g` kmjgjib`hìo _` g\ gdbi` _` om\hr\t Q. npm g` o`mmdojdm` _`n nds ^jhhpi`n _`?j]dbit) Kjdnt*g`*P`^) Ojh\diqdgg`) Jjiom`pdg) Ojnit*njpn*?jdn ò Cjioì\t*njpn*?jdn %no\odji o`mhdipn_` S\g*_`*Cjioì\t&+ Fg ^ji_pdm\ � a\dm` ajiôdjii`m g\ gdbi` Q. lpd dm\ _`n @jpmodgg`n � S\g*_`*Cjioì\tì _`ps \m^n _dnnj^d�n) \q`^ pi` ^jmm`nkji_\i^` � ?j]dbit*M\]gj Md^\nnj+ @` ^cjds aji_\o`pm ò g`m`^jpmn � _`n m\h`n _` kgpn bm\i_` gjibp`pm ^ji_pdo � _`qjdm m�\h�i\b`m pi` k\mod` _` g\ gdbi` `sdno\io`%npm 0 fh ò 2 no\odjin&+

@` kmjgjib`hìo _~pi` gjibp`pm _` .-)4 fh %_jio 4)4 _` gdbi` ijpq`gg`& ^jhkjmo`m\ /. no\odjin %_jio .3ijpq`gg`n&+ I` kmjeò ^jhkjmo` �b\g`hìo 7

" pi ijpq`\p ndo` _` h\dioì\i^` ò _` m`hdn\b` %PJO& _` g\ O>QM) npm g\ ^jhhpi` _` Jjiom`pdg)npm // --- h/)

" nds ijpq`\ps kjno`n _` m`_m`nn`hìo) lpd ajpmidnnìo _p ^jpm\io ^jiodip � 42- qjgon)

" g` am\i^cdnn`hìo _` g~>0 � Ojh\diqdgg` ò _` g~>53) g` m`kmjadg\b` _`n ]mò`gg`n _~ìom�` ò _` njmod`_` g~>0 � Ojh\diqdgg`) g\ _`nompôdji _` g~�^c\ib`pm >.53*>0) \dind lp` g\ m`lp\gdad^\odji _` g~\ôp`gg`>.53 ì \qìp` k\tn\b�m` %_`nompôdji _` .0 jpqm\b`n _~\mo ò om�n dhkjmo\ion om\q\ps _ò`mm\nn`hìo&+

@` kmjeò n` om\_pdm\ ì jpom` k\m pi` m`^jiadbpm\odji dhkjmo\io` _` g\ b\m` _` ?j]dbit*M\]gj Md^\nnj_p Q.)ò _` qjd`n ò jpqm\b`n pm]\din) k\m g\ _`nompôdji _` ]�odhìon) k\m g\ npkkm`nndji iòo` _`112 kg\^`n _` no\odjii`hìon) k\m g\ ^m�\odji _` kdno`n ^t^g\]g`n) k\m pi` hj_dad^\odji k\mod`gg` _p kg\i_` ^dm^pg\odji _\in g`n ^jhhpi`n om\q`mn�`n) \dind lp` _p m�n`\p _`n ]pn+

I~dio`ma\^` _~BLIB \q`^ g` kmjeò Q. n`m\ ì kmdi^dk` gdhdo�` � pi k\nn\b` _p om\hr\t njpn g`n qjd`n _pOBO B ò _p bmjpk` S _` M\mdn P\dio*I\u\m` _\in g` n`ô`pm _p Mjio _` Ojpì %am\i^cdnn`hìo _` g~>53k\m Bjg` ò g` bmjpk` S&+ Fg i~`no k\n km�qp _` kjdio _` ^jmm`nkji_\i^` ò ì g~\]nì^` _~diajmh\odjikm�^dn` npm ^` kmjeò) g` OBO B i` km�qjdo k\n _` _dnkjndodji k\mod^pgd�m` ò ^jinodop`m\ g\ m�a�mì^` kjpm^` kmjeò+

Lhe`[ji ZrWc�dW][c[dji � HW @�\[di[ + JWdj[hh[ + ?ekhX[le_[

C ^ [ VQ ` < Q ^ Y U`M S Q

>ps kjmo`n _` M\mdn) � g$ìom�` _p lp\mod`m _$\aa\dm`n) g`n _`ps ojpmn _p kmjeò E`mhdo\b` Mg\u\m`km�nìo`mjio b[i fbki ^Wkj[i jekhi c_nj[i `WcW_i Yedijhk_j[i [d Akhef[ eYY_Z[djWb[*I`n ojpmn E`mhdo\b` Mg\u\ n~�g�q`mjio \p*_`nnpn _~pi q\no` nj^g` lpd \]mdo`m\ _`ps dhh`p]g`n hdso`n_` ]pm`\ps gjb`hìon ò ^jhh`m^`n \pojpm _~pi` kg\^` kp]gdlp`) ]jm_�` _` h\b\ndin) ^\a�n òm`no\pm\ion+I$diq`nodnn`pm) E`mhdo\b`) \ a\do \kk`g � JehcWd Beij[h kjpm m�\gdn`m pi ìn`h]g` ^jhkmì\io _`psojpmn eph`gg`n _` /., c�jh[i+ A$pi` npma\^` _` .2, ,,, cy) `gg`n n`mjio g`n km`hd�m`n � jaamdm) _\in pi^\_m` _~pm]\ido� q`mod^\g`) pi` hdsdo� _~pn\b`n) \nnj^d\io -2, ,,, cy Z[ be][c[dji b_Xh[i Zedj kd[h�i_Z[dY[ �jkZ_Wdj[( 0, ,,, cy Zr^�j[b( /3 ,,, cy Z[ Xkh[Wkn( [j /, ,,, cy Z[ Yecc[hY[i*

@` kmjeò) lpd m`nk`ô` g`n [n_][dY[i [d cWj_�h[ Z[ Z�l[beff[c[dj ZkhWXb[( qdn` pi` ^`modad^\odji?OBB>J idq`\p !`s^`ggì^`!+

I\ m�\gdn\odji _`n ojpmn eph`gg`n E`mhdo\b` Mg\u\ dhkjn` km�\g\]g`hìo pi` jk�m\odji _` m`gjb`hìo_`n c\]do\ion _` g\ m�nd_ì^` _`n A\hd`mn) ndo` _p apopm kmjeò+A` kgpn) `gg`n njio b#eYYWi_ed Z[ h[f[di[h brWc�dW][c[dj Zk gkWhj_[h Z[i OW_iedi [j( dejWcc[dj(i[i b_W_iedi Wl[Y HW @�\[di[ [j ?ekhX[le_[( bk_ _dik\\bWdj W_di_ kd[ dekl[bb[ Wd_cWj_ed*

@` ^c\iod`m _` bm\i_` ìq`mbpm` i�^`nndo`m\ g` om\indo _~dhkjmo\ion qjgph`n _` h\o�md\ps _\in pi` uji`j¤ g\ ^dm^pg\odji mjpod�m` `no _�e� om�n _ìn`+

I` ndo` �o\io ndop� � kmjsdhdo� _` g\ P`di` ì \q\g _p kjio _` K`pdggt npm P`di`) dg `no ìqdn\b� g\ hdn` ìkg\^` _~pi` _`nn`mo` kjpm g` om\ad^ agpqd\g gd� \ps \kkmjqdndjii`hìon _` ^c\iod`m ò � g~�q\^p\odji _`no`mm\nn`hìon ò _`n h\o�md\ps _` _�hjgdodji+I` ojii\b` _` h\o�md\ps � a\dm` om\indo`m k\m g\ qjd` _~`\p `no `nodh� ìom` . ò .)2 hdggdjin+

>dind g` kmjeò km�qjdo g\ m�\gdn\odji _~\h�i\b`hìon npm g` lp\d _` g\ P`di` \adi _` _`nn`mqdm g` ^c\iod`m 7

" pi kjno` _` ^c\mb`hìo,_�^c\mb`hìo _`n ^jiqjdn agpqd\ps \p _mjdo _p ^c\iod`m E`mhdo\b` Mg\u\+@` kjno` `no gj^\gdn� ìom` g` kjio _` K`pdggt ò g`n jpqm\b`n _` kmdn`n _~`\p \kk\moì\io � g\ PR@+A~pi gdi�\dm` _` 42 h�om`n) ^` kjno` n`m\ ^jinodop� _` 1 _p^n _~>g]` `nk\^�n _` /2h ò _~pi md_`\p_` njpo�i`hìo ì k\gkg\i^c`n h�o\ggdlp`n+

" pi kjno` _~\ooìo` ò pi kjno` kjpm g\ ^ìom\g` � ]�oji _~ìqdmji /.- h�om`n gdi�\dm`n ì \q\g _pndo` ^jhkjn� _` 6 _p^n _~>g]` `nk\^�n _` /2 h ìqdmji) ò _~pi md_`\p _` njpo�i`hìo ìk\gkg\i^c`n h�o\ggdlp`n+


M\b` 5/. , -,/3

I\ ^m�\odji _~pi` kg\o`*ajmh` _` om\in]jm_`hìo kjpm g~�q\^p\odji _`n _�]g\dn _` ^c\iod`m k\m qjdàgpqd\g` `no ì dio`ma\^` om�n ajmo` \q`^ g` kmjeò BLIB+

F `M P Q 4 ^ Q Z M 1 * q A M Z `Q ^ ^ Q

I` kmjeò >mì\ K\io`mm` � I\ A�aìn` `no pi` n\gg` _` nk`ô\^g`n) _` ojpo`n i\opm`n) kjpq\io m`^`qjdmepnlp~� 1- --- k`mnjii`n+ I` ojdo n~jpqm`) k`mhòo\io _~dino\gg`m pi o`mm\di _` mpb]t lpd \^^p`dgg`m\ ì/-.1 g~�lpdk` _` mpb]t _p O\^dib*Jòmj 6/) g` ^gp] _`n E\pon*_`*P`di`+ Sjpgp` k\m nji Mm�nd_ìo G\^ftIjmìuòod) ^òo` \m�i\ hj_`mi` \]mdo`m\ \pnnd pi dhh`p]g` _` ]pm`\ps+Pdop�` npm g\ ^jhhpi` _` K\io`mm`) \ps kd`_n _` g\ Dm\i_` >m^c`) >mì\ K\io`mm` � I\ A�aìn` n`m\g\ kgpn bm\i_` n\gg` _` nk`ô\^g`n di_jjm � e\pb` q\md\]g` _` Cm\i^`+

> kmjsdhdo� dhh�_d\o` _` g\ apopm` b\m` _` I\ Cjgd`) ^` kmjeò _jdo �om` \^c`q� ì /-.2 ò n`n dio`ma\^`n\q`^ g` kmjgjib`hìo _p OBO B njio om\do�`n _\in g` ^\_m` _` g~\h�i\b`hìo pm]\di hì� k\mg~BM>ABP>+

6 M Y \ a _ ? M 7 t RQ Z _ Q q A M Z `Q ^ ^ Q

@ò ìn`h]g` _` 4- --- h�) m�k\modn npm 5 �o\b`n) kmjkjn`m\ `nnìod`gg`hìo _`n npma\^`n _` ]pm`\psh\dn �b\g`hìo _`n n`mqd^`n npm ndo` \dind lp` _`n ^jhh`m^`n ì kd`_ _$dhh`p]g`+Pdop� \p ^#pm _p M\m^ PFIF@ I\ A�aìn` K\io`mm`*Mm�a`ôpm`) dg ]�i�ad^d`m\ _~pi` \^^`nnd]dgdo� ò _~pi`_`nn`mo` ì om\inkjmon ì ^jhhpi d_�\g`n \q`^ g\ kmjsdhdo� _p OBO >) _p cp] hpgodhj_\g _` I\ A�aìn`h\dn �b\g`hìo _` g\ apopm` b\m` Bjg` _` K\io`mm`+

F Q O `Q a ^ _ P h=XQ Q ` P Q E t \ a N XU] a Q Q ` O [ Z _ `^ a O Ù[ Z P Q _ `[ a ^ _ 4 X`[ $ C T M ^ Q $ 4 U^ * $ G ^ UZ Uè

I` n`ô`pm `no ì kmjaji_` hpo\odji ò ^`g\ dhkgdlp` g\ km�nì^` _` ijh]m`ps kmjeò _\in pi m\tji om�ngdhdo�+ Bi kgpn _p bm\i_ kmjeò E`mhdo\b`) g`n kòdon kmjeòn ^ji^`miìo g` mìjpq`\p _` I\ A�aìn` òK\io`mm`+ I~ìn`h]g` _`n kmjeòn jio a\do g~j]eò _~pi kc\n\b` km�^dn ì ^jjm_di\odji \q`^ g~BM>ABP> ì^c\mb` _` g\ ^jjm_di\odji npm g` n`ô`pm+

K 4 6 P Q _ C ^ [ b UZ O Q _ 9 ^ M Z r M U_ Q _

I\ W>@ _`n Mmjqdi^`n Cm\i�\dn`n `no ndop�` npm pi o`mmdojdm` kmjaji_�hìo h\mlp� k\m g`n diam\nompôpm`nb�i�m\io _`n ndo`n dnjg�n g`n pin _`n \pom`n+ I` lp\mod`m Ridq`mndo� ^jinodop� _~pi` epso\kjndodji _`n`ô`pmn di_�kì_\ion ì `no g~`s`hkg` otk` 8 ò) h\gbm� n`n ijh]m`ps \ojpon) g\ ^do� _`n Mmjqdi^`nCm\i�\dn`n m`no` \pejpm_~cpd pi` ì^g\q` pm]\di`+

I`n kmjeòn _` _�q`gjkk`hìo %@#pm _` lp\mod`m , Q`mm\nn`n& \ps \]jm_n) njio \po\io _~jkkjmopido�n _`m`nompôpm`m kmjaji_�hìo g~`sdno\io+ I\ W>@ _jdo ejp`m pi m£g` _` kdqjo k`mhòo\io _` m`^m�`m _`n gdìn òa\dm` `sdno`m g` lp\mod`m Ridq`mndo� 7 odnn`m _`n gdìn %kctndlp`n) qdnp`gn&) hòom` ì kg\^` pi` om\h` qd\dm`ndhkgdad�`) cd�m\m^cdn`m g`n ìodo�n ò m`q\gjmdn`m g`n ^#pmn q`mon njio g`n bm\i_n j]e`ôdan _�adidn gjmn _`g~�g\]jm\odji _p kg\i h\nn` _` kmjeò+

@jin^dìo _` g\ i�^`nndo� _~\aadi`m \p hd`ps g`n ^jii\dnn\i^`n npm ^` n`ô`pm ò _~\iod^dk`m g~ìn`h]g`_`n dio`m\ôdjin kjoìod`gg`n kjpm hd`ps \kkm�cì_`m g`n àaòn ^phpg\odan _p kmjeò ò kjpqjdm t m`h�_d`m)pi` hdnndji nk�^dadlp` _~LM@ hì�` k\m >mo`gd\ kjpm g~BM>A>P> \ �o� hdn` ì kg\^` \adi) ijo\hhìo)_` om\do`m ^òo` lp`nodji+

AjkZ[i ]�d�hWb[i [j jhWlWkn [d Yekhi ZWdi b[ i[Yj[kh Z[ HW @�\[di[ ) OekhY[ 6 AfWZ[iW

M\m \dgg`pmn) PK@C O�n`\p k\mod^dk` _`kpdn /-.. \p Dmjpk` _` ^jjm_di\odji _`n b\m`n I\ A�aìn`*K\io`mm`) njpn g~�bd_` _` g\ AOFB>) m�pidnn\io AOFB>) Poda) O>QM) PK@CO�n`\p) PK@C) PDM) Bk\_`n\)Aà\ôj) O�bdji �g`*_`*Cm\i^` ò) _`kpdn /-.1) Rid]\dg*Oj_\h^j+ @ji^`mi\io g` ndo` _` I\ A�aìn`)g~j]e`ôda ^jindno` ì g\ ^jinompôdji ^jgg`ôdq` _~pi` qdndji _` gjib o`mh` kjpm g~ìn`h]g` _p k£g`+ I`bmjpk` \mod^pg` nji om\q\dg \pojpm _~pi` �op_` kdgjo�` k\m g\ O>QM diodopg�` � @#pm Qm\inkjmo E/-02 �+ Fgn` m�pido m�bpgd�m`hìo \p hjtì _~\o`gd`mn ò _` ^jhdo�n _` kdgjo\b`n+ I`n �qjgpodjin _p kmjeò _` b\m`BLIB jio �o� km�nìo�`n \p bmjpk` _` om\q\dg � ^c\^pi` _` n`n bm\i_`n �o\k`n _` ^ji^`kodji+

+


M\b` 5// , -,/3

Lhe`[ji ZrWc�dW][c[dji Zk i[Yj[kh NeiW LWha

; M ^ Q E [ _ M C M ^ W _

Pdop�` � kmjsdhdo� _` g\ Mjmo` _~>p]`mqdggd`mn) ìom` g`n b\m`n J\bìo\ ò _` M\iodi) pi` ijpq`gg` b\m``no ì ^jpmn _` ^jinompôdji npm g\ gdbi` _p OBO B+

P\ ^m�\odji k`mhòom\ _~\h�gdjm`m g~jaam` _` om\inkjmo _\in ^` n`ô`pm k\mdndì ì^jm` h\g _`nn`mqd+ I`kmjeò _jdo _�nì^g\q`m ò mìajm^`m g\ _`nn`mo` _`n lp\mod`mn _` g\ O�nd_ì^` Jd^c`gò) _` g\ mp`_~>p]`mqdggd`mn) _p ]jpg`q\m_ J\^_ji\g_ ò \p*_`g� \p ijm_ _p k�mdkc�mdlp`+

I\ b\m` Ojn\ M\mfn `no ì dio`ma\^` _dm`ô` \q`^ g` kmjeò kpdnlp~dg n~\bdo _~pi` b\m` npm g` om\^� _p OBOB ò lp~`gg` a\do g~j]eò _~\h�i\b`hìo kì_\io g`n om\q\ps _p kmjgjib`hìo+

?dì lp` ndop� � ]jii` _dno\i^` _` g\ b\m` n\dio I\u\m`) _`n \h�i\b`hìo n`mjio i�^`nn\dm`n npm ^òoùji` ò kjpmmjio _ji^ dio`ma�m`m \q`^ g`n om\q\ps ì ^jpmn _p kmjeò _` b\m`+

� adi /-.2) g\ b\m` Ojn\ M\mfn) ndop�` npm g` OBO B ìom` g`n b\m`n _` J\bìo\ ò M\iodi) n`m\ hdn` ìn`mqd^` ò _`nn`mqd` k\m g`n om\din `sdno\ion _p OBO B) ì ^jmm`nkji_\i^` \q`^ g` apopm om\hr\t Q5+

E Q O [ Z b Q ^ _ U[ Z P Q XhQ Z `^ Q \ w ` @ M O P [ Z M XP q C M ^ U_ ) 1 Q Y Q

I~ìom`k£o J\^_ji\g_ `no ndop� \p ^#pm _p Dm\i_ Mmjeò _` Oìjpq`gg`hìo Rm]\di M\mdn Kjm_ Bno+ I`kmjeò _` m`^jiq`mndji _` ^ò ìom`k£o) �g\]jm� _\in g` ^\_m` _~pi` _�h\m^c` diijq\io` \nnj^d\io g`nnkc�m`n kp]gdlp` ò kmdq�`) `no `s^`kodjii`g � ]dì _`n �b\m_n 7 nji \hkg`pm) nji `sdbì^` o`^cidlp`)n\ lp\gdo� pm]\di`) \m^cdo`ôpm\g` ò ìqdmjii`hìo\g`+ Fg n~\bdo _~pi` ajmhd_\]g` j^^\ndji _` m�kji_m`\ps ìe`ps _` _�q`gjkk`hìo _pm\]g` ì _`nndi\io g` ijpq`\p qdn\b` _` ijom` qdgg`+

I` ]�odhìo) gjib _` kgpn _` 3--h) n`m\ m`nompôpm� ò npm�g`q� \adi _~\^^p`dggdm pi hdggd`m _` gjb`hìon_jio g\ hjdod� � ^\m\ô�m` nj^d\g) _`n ]pm`\ps) _` ijpq`gg`n \ôdqdo�n) _`n ^jhh`m^`n ò _`n �lpdk`hìonkp]gd^n+ Fg n`m\ �b\g`hìo n^di_� kjpm k`mhòom` g` k\nn\b` _p om\hr\t Q0 ò n\ ^jii`sdji � g\ apopm`b\m` Bjg` Bq\ibdg` %mìjhh�` Ojn\ M\mfn&+


M\b` 5/0 , -,/3

-,*.*2* Lh�i[djWj_ed Z[i fhe`[ji Z[ bW f^Wi[ . $Z[ JWdj[hh[ � IWdj[i)bW)Feb_[%

Lhe`[ji ZrWc�dW][c[dji Zk i[Yj[kh Z[ Le_iio

K 4 6 P Q XM 6 [ a P ^ M UQ

" I~j]e`ôda km`hd`m _p kmjeò _` m�ijq\odji pm]\di` _` g\ @jp_m\d` `no _~\h�gdjm`m g`n ^ji_dodjin _`qd` _`n c\]do\ion) ì jpqm\io g` lp\mod`m npm g\ qdgg`+ I` kmjeò km�qjdo 7

" I` _�q`gjkk`hìo _p lp\mod`m) � g~`no ò � g~jp`no) kjpm \oo`di_m` � o`mh` pi ijh]m` _` 5-- � 6--gjb`hìon ìqdmji) _jio ìqdmji 04" _` gjb`hìon nj^d\ps) 26" _` gjb`hìon _` no\opo kmdq�

%gj^\oda gd]m`) \^^`nndji& ò 1" ì \^^`nndji nj^d\g`+

" Ri \h�i\b`hìo _~`nk\^`n kp]gd^n \pojpm _` _`ps \s`n k\tn\b`mn ajmon) g~pi ijm_*np_ ò g~\pom``no*jp`no+ A`n `nk\^`n _` e`ps kjpm ìa\ion) _` nkjmo ò _` ^jiqdqd\gdo� ^jhkg�o`mjio ^òo`kmjbm\hh\odji+

" I\ ^m�\odji _` qjd`n ò ^c`hdi`hìon kjpm a\qjmdn`m g`n gdìn ìom` lp\mod`mn 7 hj_dad^\odji _` g\mp` _` Jdbi`\ps) apopm` mjpo` q`mn Sdggìi`n) \h�i\b`hìo _` g\ om\indodji ìom` g\ OA ..0 òg~ìom�` _p lp\mod`m) ^c`hdi`hìon kd�ojin ò ^t^g`nx

" A` ijpq`\ps �lpdk`hìon 7 g` ]�odhìo _` g~\i^dìi` �^jg` h\o`mi`gg` _`qm\do �om` m�\aa`ô� �pi �lpdk`hìo _�_d� � g~ìa\i^`+ A` g~\pom` ^£o� _p lp\mod`m n` _`nndi` pi` kg\^` kp]gdlp`\idh�`) \q`^ pi �lpdk`hìo dhkjmo\io ^jhkmì\io pi` gp_joc�lp`) pi` ^m�^c` ò pi kòdo ^ìom`^jhh`m^d\g %\q`^ ^jhh`m^`n _` kmjsdhdo�) n`mqd^`n ò m`no\pm\io&+

K 4 6 8 O [ ] a M ^ ÙQ ^ _ 8 B ? 8 F

" I\ Sdgg` _` Mjdnnt \ njpc\do� _�q`gjkk`m nji jaam` _~c\]do\o ò _~\ôdqdo�n) ì n~\kkpt\io npm pikjoìod`g aji^d`m h\e`pm) \ggd\io _dnkjid]dgdo� _` bm\i_`n amd^c`n di_pnomd`gg`n) kmjsdhdo� dhh�_d\o` _òm\inkjmon ì ^jhhpi ò kmjsdhdo� _p ^ìom` qdgg`+ Bgg` n~`no _ji^ ìb\b�` � ^m�`m pi �^jlp\mod`m]\kodn� BLIBP %Bnk\^` jpq`mo ò _` gdìn �^jgjbdlp`n ò njgd_\dm`n&+ Pdop� ì uji` pm]\di` ìom`g\ qjd` a`mm�`) g~\qìp` _` Mjiojdn`) g\ mp` P\dio*P�]\nodì) g\ mp` _`n Mm�n ò g\ mp` _` g\C\dn\i_`md`) ^` n`ô`pm m�kji_ � g\ qjgjio� _` mà\dm` g\ qdgg` npm g\ qdgg`+ @` apopm lp\mod`m n` ndop`\p ^ìom` _~pi _`n ]\nndin _~`hkgjdn g` kgpn dhkjmo\io _` g\ m�bdji am\i^dgdìi`) _` g~Lk�m\odji_~Fio�m�o K\odji\g P`di`*\q\g ò _` g\ @jiagpì^` P`di`*Ldn`+ F_�\g`hìo kjndodjii�n) g`n .2c`ô\m`n _p k�mdh�om` _~�op_`n njio � kmjsdhdo� dhh�_d\o` _p ^ìom` _` kmj_pôdji _` MP>) _papopm kjmo agpqd\g _~>^c�m`n ò _` g~B^jk£g` _` @\mmd�m`n*njpn*Mjdnnt+

"

6 Q Z `^ Q O [ Y Y Q ^ O UM X 7 Q O W / 0

I` apopm ^ìom` ^jhh`m^d\g A`^f 45 n~dhkg\io`m\ _\in g\ uji` _~\ôdqdo� _` g\ Dmjnn` Md`mm`) ì gd`p òkg\^` _`n o`mm\din \i^dìi`hìo j^^pk�n k\m g\ nj^d�o� Bo`mido \pejpm_~cpd ì amd^c`+

Fg km�qjdo g\ ^jinompôdji _` // --- h/ _` npma\^` _` qìo`) g` om\ina`mo ò g~\bm\i_dnn`hìo _` g~\ôp`g@\mmàjpm J\mfò \dind lp` .. hjtìi`n npma\^`n ò 6- ]jpodlp`n npm pi n`pg idq`\p+ @` ^ìom`^jhh`m^d\g hj_`mi`) _`nndi� k\m g~\m^cdo`ô` I\mj^c` G\m_) jpqmdm\ npm g\ P`di` ò g` ^jo`\p _` g~E\podg+Fg m�kji_m\ \ps kgpn c\po`n `sdbì^`n ìqdmjii`hìo\g`n \ôp`gg`n %ojdopm`n q�b�o\gdn�`n) �^jijhd`n_~�i`mbd`x&+

? Q _ \ ^ [ VQ `_ Q Z ^ Ub Q P ^ [ U`Q P Q XM F Q UZ Q M a Z Ub Q M a P Q XM N [ a O XQ P Q 6 T M Z `Q X[ a \

I\ ]jp^g` _` @c\io`gjpk `no \pejpm_~cpd ì kmjaji_` hpo\odji ò pi bm\i_ ijh]m` _` kmjeòn nompôpm\ionnjio � g~�op_`+ M\mhd ^`n kmjeòn) ^dil jio a\do g~j]eò _~pi \qdn _` g~\pojmdo� ìqdmjii`hìo\g`+ Fgn njiom`bmjpk�n ^d \km�n _p a\do _` g`pm kmjsdhdo� b�jbm\kcdlp`+ @òo` kmjsdhdo� `no dggpnom�` npm g\ ^\mo` ^d*_`nnjpn+

W>@ � Kjpq`gg` @ìom\gdo� � � @\mmd�m`n*njpn*Mjdnnt

@òo` W>@ \ ijo\hhìo kjpm j]e`ôdan _` 7

" ^m�`m pi gd`p _` qd` lpd m\tjii` \ hdidh\ � g~�^c`gg` _` g\ @jhhpi\po� _~>bbgjh�m\odji / Odq`n_` P`di`)

" m�pidad`m g\ qdgg` ò m�dio�bm`m g`n lp\mod`mn \pejpm_~cpd n�k\m�n k\m pi bm\i_ qd_` ^ìom\g ijilp\gdad�) ì a\dn\io �h`mb`m) \p ^#pm h�h` _` @\mmd�m`n*njpn*Mjdnnt) pi ^ìom` pm]\di nompôpm\ioò m\tjii\io � g~�^c`gg` _` g\ @jhhpi\po� _~>bbgjh�m\odji / Odq`n _` P`di`)

" om\do`m g`n ìom�`n _` qdgg` ò k`mhòom` g~din`modji _`n diam\nompôpm`n `sdno\io`n ò ì kmjeò lpd^jiomd]pìo \pejpm_~cpd � n^di_`m g\ qdgg` ì _`ps %OA.6- � m`lp\gdad`m) `hkg\^`hìon m�n`mq�nkjpm g~> .-1&)

" mòmjpq`m g` gdì \p bm\i_ k\tn\b` _p h�\i_m` _` P`di`)


M\b` 5/1 , -,/3

" m`_jii`m pi` d_ìodo�) pi` qdnd]dgdo� ò pi` pm]\ido� � g\ qdgg` _` @\mmd�m`n*njpn*Mjdnnt)

" Fidod� ì /--6) g` kmjeò n~�oì_ npm 14 c`ô\m`n _` amd^c`n ò \nnj^d` _pm\]g`hìo gjb`hìon)^jhh`m^`n ò �lpdk`hìon kp]gd^n \pojpm _~pi `nk\^` kp]gd^ h\e`pm %g~>bjm\& n~jpqm\io g\mb`hìonpm g\ i\opm`+ Ri` g\mb` k\mo `no m�n`mq�` � _`n `nk\^`n kp]gd^n _` lp\gdo�+

� o`mh`) g` kmjeò � Ri` ^ìom\gdo� kjpm @\mmd�m`n*njpn*Mjdnnt � km�qjdo g~\h�i\b`hìo _` 7

" pi k£g` ^jhh`m^d\g ò _` gjdndmn)

" pi` >bjm\ %kg\^` kp]gdlp` ^ìom\g`&)

" pi ^jmmd_jm �^jgjbdlp` _` km�n _` .- c`ô\m`n)

" 6-- gjb`hìon ì /-.0) / 5-- gjb`hìon � cjmduji /-/0 %di_dqd_p`g .-") dio`mh�_d\dm` /2")^jgg`ôda 32"&)

" _`n �^jg`n) _`n ^m�^c`n ò \^^p`dgn _` gjdndmn)

" _`n \ôdqdo�n) �lpdk`hìon ò n`mqd^`n kmdq�n %]pm`\ps) m�nd_ì^`n n`mqd^`nx&)

" pi` n\gg` hpgod*ajiôdjin)

" pi ^di�h\)

" pi �lpdk`hìo ^pgopm`g) � g\ C\]mdlp` Kph�mdlp` �)

" pi` _`nn`mo` ì ]pn � c\po idq`\p _` n`mqd^` _`n b\m`n OBO,PK@C)

" pi ]jpg`q\m_ pm]\di \m]jm� %m`lp\gdad^\odji _` g\ OA.6-&+

W>@ � B^jk£g` P`di` \q\g �

I~B^jk£g` P`di` >q\g `no ndop� \p ^#pm _` g\ @jiagpì^` P`di` Ldn`) � /2 hdipo`n _` M\mdn k\m g~>.0 òg~>.1 ò � kmjsdhdo� _` g~>.2 k\m g\ gd\dnji _` g\ OA0- ò OA.6-+F_�\g`hìo ndop� \p ^\mmàjpm _` g~\s` M\mdn * Kjmh\i_d` ò _p @\i\g P`di` Kjm_ Bpmjk` � kmjsdhdo� _`g\ b\m` OBO > ò _p apopm OBO Bjg`) dg \ qj^\odji � n~dhkjn`m ^jhh` g` o`mmdojdm` _~\^^p`dg kmdqdg�bd� _`nìom`kmdn`n _` g~�^j*^jinompôdji ò _`n �^j*di_pnomd`n ì lp�o` _~pi` gj^\gdn\odji nom\o�bdlp` � g~Lp`no_` M\mdn+I~B^jk£g` P`di` >q\g ]�i�ad^d`m\ _�n /-.4 _~pi B^j*kjmo �^jijhdlp` _` /2 c\) m�\gdn� k\m Mjmon _`M\mdn) b\m\iodnn\io \ps ìom`kmdn`n lpd ^cjdndmjio _` n~t dhkg\io`m pi \^^�n jkodh\g \p amò hpgodhj_\g+

Ppm g` kg\i _` g~\h�i\b`hìo pm]\di) g` kmjeò) didod� k\m g~BM>JP>) `no ^ji�p ^jhh` pi lp\mod`m _~�^j*\ôdqdo�n _pm\]g`) pi gd`p _~\ôdqdo�n) _` qd` ò _` kmjhì\_`+ I~B^jk£g` `no jmb\idn� \pojpm _` _`psbm\i_n h\dgn ]jdn�n ^jii`ô�n � g\ OA .6-) k`mnk`ôdq`n h\e`pm`n npm g`n ^jo`\ps _` P`di` _�]jp^c\ionpm g~B^j*kjmo+ S�mdo\]g`n ^jmmd_jmn �^jgjbdlp`n ò gd`p _` kmjhì\_`) ^`n h\dgn ^jhkjnìo g` lp\mod`m j¤n` h�g`mjio pi n`ô`pm pm]\di di^gp\io _`n gjb`hìon ò _`n �lpdk`hìon \p np_ %M\m^ ò ^c�o`\pS\i_`m]dgo) gt^�` _`n h�od`mn&) ò pi n`ô`pm _�_d� \ps ìom`kmdn`n _\in g\ ^jiodipdo� _p kjmo+

Mjmo pm]\di � Qmd`g*npm*P`di` %B^j*kjmo _`n / mdq`n _` P`di`&

I` kmjeò km�qjdo g\ om\inajmh\odji _~pi kjmo kmdq� ì kjmo kp]gd^ %_\mn` `sdno\io` _` .- c\&)jaam\io pi`_`nn`mo` agpqd\g` _` kmjsdhdo� kjpm ojpo`n g`n ìom`kmdn`n _` g\ ?jp^g` _` @c\io`gjpk ò g~\h�i\b`hìo_~pi` kg\o`*ajmh` _` /1 c\ _�_d�` \ps ìom`kmdn`n diijq\io`n _` g~�^j*^jinompôdji ò _` g\ gjbdnodlp`

pm]\di` ò \ps \ôdqdo�n om\_dodjii`gg`n _�e� km�nìo`n npm g` n`ô`pm %?QM) �^j\ôdqdo�n) bm\ipg\onx&) ì^jhkg�hìo _p _�q`gjkk`hìo _` g\ uji` �^jijhdlp` _` g~B^jk£g` %.-- c\&+

M\m^ _p k`pkg` _` g~c`m]`

I` kmjeò _p M\m^ _p M`pkg` _` g~E`m]` n~din^mdo _\in pi` kmdjmdo� _`n kjgdodlp`n kp]gdlp`n lpd `nog~\h�gdjm\odji _` g\ lp\gdo� _` g~ìqdmjii`hìo pm]\di+Fg qdn` � \h�i\b`m ..0 c`ô\m`n _~`nk\^` ì ]jm_ _` P`di` � @\mmd�m`n*njpn*Mjdnnt _\in g`n Vq`gdi`n\q`^ kjpm j]e`ôda _` 7

" kmjkjn`m pi ijpq`\p gd`p _` mì_ù*qjpn ò _` gjdndmn kjpm n~�q\_`m ò _` n` _dq`modm)

" mì_m` \^^`nnd]g` g`n ]jm_n _` P`di` \p kp]gd^ %ò \ps k`mnjii`n � hj]dgdo� m�_pdo`&)

" gd`m g\ qdgg` ò g\ i\opm`)

" hjiom`m lp~dg `no kjnnd]g` _` h�g`m om\inajmh\odji ò \h�i\b`hìo \q`^ �^jgjbd` ò m`nk`ô _pk\omdhjdi`)

" nìnd]dgdn`m g` kp]gd^ \ps ìe`ps �^jgjbdlp`n ò \p _�q`gjkk`hìo _pm\]g`)

" m`no\pm`m g` k\omdhjdi` i\opm`g _`n Vq`gdi`n)

" q\gjmdn`m ò kmjo�b`m g`n `nk\^`n i\opm`gn ò g\ ]dj_dq`mndo�)

M\m^ kcjojqjgo\dlp` npm g` ndo` _`n Dm�ndggjin

Fg n~\bdo _~pi` a`mh` njg\dm` ndop�` \p gd`p _do _`n Dm�ndggjin+ @` k\m^ kcjojqjgo\¢lp` _` 21c\) `no �kmjsdhdo� dhh�_d\o` _` g~B^jk£g` P`di` \q\g+ A~pi` ^\k\^do� � o`mh` _~pi` kpdnn\i^` �g`ômdlp` _`.2+50JT) g~dino\gg\odji q\ k`mhòom` _` m`kji_m` � g\ ^jinjhh\odji ì �g`ômd^do� _` km�n _`./ 0-- k`mnjii`n njdo g~�lpdq\gìo _~pi` qdgg` ^jhh` Qmd`g*npm*P`di`+

Lhe`[ji ZrWc�dW][c[dji Zk i[Yj[kh Z[ IWdj[i)bW)Feb_[

K 4 6 ? Q _ < M a `_ P Q E M Z S U\ [ ^ ` q ; M ^ S M Z b UXXQ

I\ m`^jiq`mndji _` g\ amd^c` di_pnomd`gg` Mjm^c`m \nnpm�` k\m g~BM>JP> km�qjdo g\ ^m�\odji _~pi lp\mod`mhdso` � _jhdi\io` m�nd_ìod`gg` _jio g~\^^`nnd]dgdo� `no \nnpm�` k\m g\ kmjsdhdo� _~pi` b\m` PK@C ò g\gd\dnji _dm`ô` � g~>pojmjpo` >.0+

?�i�ad^d\io _` qp`n `s^`kodjii`gg`n npm g`n ^jo`\ps _` g\ P`di`) g` apopm lp\mod`m om\q`mn� k\m pi` ^jpg�`q`mo` jaamdm\ �b\g`hìo pi ^\_m` _` qd` \bm�\]g` ò k`majmh\io ì lp\gdo� ìqdmjii`hìo\g`+ I\kmjbm\hh\odji pm]\di` kmjkjn` pi` jaam` \_\ko�` � g\ ^jhhpi` 7 _p kòdo ^jgg`ôda) _`n h\dnjindi_dqd_p`gg`n bmjpk�`n ò _` g~dio`mh�_d\dm`+

8 O [ ] a M ^ ÙQ ^ RXa b UM X P Q @ M Z `Q _ 'E [ _ Z e

Pdop� npm _~\i^dìi`n ^\mmd�m`n m`h]g\t�`n) g~B^j*lp\mod`m agpqd\g n~din^mdo _\in pi ndo` lpd n~jpqm`g\mb`hìo npm g\ P`di`+ P`ô`pm _` g~\bbgjh�m\odji \pejpm_~cpd k`p q\gjmdn�) ìom` g`n am\ib`n pm]\di`n_` J\io`n*g\*Gjgd` ò Ojnit*npm*P`di`) g~BM>JP> njpc\do` _jii`m � g~B^j*lp\mod`m pi _jp]g` j]e`ôda 7^jh]di`m npm ^` ndo` pi kmjeò pm]\di ò pi kmjeò k\tn\b`m) ^m�`m pi lp\mod`m \idh� ò hdso` lpd mìjp`


M\b` 5/2 , -,/3

\q`^ g` ag`pq` ò n`n ]\nndin) ]�i�ad^d`m _~pi ^\_m` _` qd` di�_do ò kmjado`m _~pi` np^^`nndji pidlp`_~`nk\^`n jpq`mon+

>mod^pg� \pojpm _~pi om\inkjmo ì ^jhhpi ì ndo` kmjkm` %QWì&) g` kmjeò pm]\di kmj_pdm\ _` g~\oom\ôdqdo�\pojpm _p ag`pq`) \q`^ _`n \ôdqdo�n nkjmodq`n ò _` gjdndmn) pi kjmo _` kg\dn\i^`) _`n ^jhh`m^`n+ I` kmjeòk\tn\b`m ^jhkjn` � k\modm _`n \ojpon _p ndo` 7 g`n ]jdn`hìon) g`n ]\nndin) g\ P`di`) g` m`gdà) g` bm\i_k\tn\b`+ Fg \ kjpm \h]dodji _` m`lp\gdad`m g`n `nk\^`n _` i\opm`) _` g`n dioìndad`m ò _` g`n jpqmdm � ojpnkjpm jaamdm pi ìqdmjii`hìo _` bm\i_` lp\gdo�) md^c` _` ]dj_dq`mndo�+

@ M Z `Q _ =Z Z [ b M \ M ^ O

J\io`n Fiijq\k\m^ `no pi lp\mod`m _~\ôdqdo�n _` 25 c\ ndop� \p ^#pm _` g~\bbgjh�m\odji _` J\io`n*g\*Gjgd`+ Fg n` _dnodibp` _`n \pom`n jkkjmopido�n _~dhkg\io\odji _p ijm_ _`n Vq`gdi`n k\m n\ gj^\gdn\odjipm]\di` `s^`kodjii`gg` ì a\�\_` _` g~>pojmjpo` >.0) � kmjsdhdo� _` g\ b\m` _`J\io`n*g\*Gjgd` _`nn`mq\ioM\mdn Po*I\u\m` ì 02 hi ò g\ apopm` b\m` OBO BLIB q`mn I\ A�aìn`+

I`n ìom`kmdn`n dhkg\io�`n kjpmmjio ]�i�ad^d`m _`n n`mqd^`n _�e� ì kg\^`7 g\ hpop\gdn\odji _`n k\mfdibn)Fii�jn c£o`g ò k�kdid�m` _~ìom`kmdn`n %gd`ps _` n�hdi\dm` � _dnkjndodji) g` ^ìom` _` ajmh\gdo�n _`nìom`kmdn`n _` g\ @@F) pi` \ioìi` _p m�n`\p MI>QL&) pi k£g` _` m`no\pm\odji � kmjsdhdo�x

Mmjbm\hh` hdso`) J\io`n Fiijq\k\m^ kmjkjn` _`n gjb`hìon ì ^jiodipdo� _` J\io`n Ridq`mndo�)ijpq`\p ^#pm _~\bbgjh�m\odji \h�i\b�` k\m g~BM>JP> \^^p`dgg\io g` k£g` o`^cijgjbdlp` pidq`mndo\dm`ò g\ kdn^di` >lp\nkjmo) ]dìo£o _`nn`mqd k\m pi om\inkjmo ì ^jhhpi ì ndo` kmjkm` _`kpdn g\ b\m`+

K 4 6 P a 6 [ UZ P a 6 T u Z Q q 5 a O T Q XM e

I` ndo` _~dhkg\io\odji `no pi o`mm\di _` .0)03 c`ô\m`n lpd \ qj^\odji � \^^p`dggdm _`n gjb`hìon ^jgg`ôdanò di_dqd_p`gn) \dind lp` lp`glp`n �lpdk`hìon ò ^jhh`m^`n+I` kmjbm\hh` ^jhkmì_ 7

" 2-- gjb`hìon %_jio 40" _` ^jgg`ôdan ì O(/ h\sdhph ò /4" di_dqd_p`gn ì O(. h\sdhph+/-" _`n gjb`hìon n`mjio nj^d\ps&)

" A`n �lpdk`hìon ò ^jhh`m^`n 7 pi �o\]gdnn`hìo _~c�]`mb`hìo kjpm k`mnjii`n �b�`n_�kì_\io`n _` 6- gdon) pi` n\gg` kjgtq\gìo`) pi ^\a� 8

" I~\h�i\b`hìo _`n `nk\^`n kp]gd^n 7 pi k\m^ ^ìom\g _` .)2 c`ô\m`) pi `nk\^` q`mo k\tn\b`mnjpn ajmh`n _` o`mom`n g` gjib _` g\ OA ..-) _`ps `nk\^`n kp]gd^n %kg\^` ò k\mqdn&) _`n qì`gg`nkg\io�`n kjpm kd�ojin ò ^t^g`n)

I\ W>@ k`mhòom\ � o`mh` g~\^^p`dg _` ./-- � .1-- c\]do\ion npkkg�hìo\dm` npm g\ ^jhhpi`+

C ^ [ VQ ` P Q R^ M Z O T U_ _ Q Y Q Z ` P Q _ b [ UQ _ RQ ^ ^ t Q _ Q Z `^ Q XQ _ \ M ^ O _ P hM O Ùb U`t _ j @ M Z `Q _ =Z Z [ b M \ M ^ O o Q ` jXQ _ ; ^ M b UQ ^ _ o q 5 a O T Q XM e

Fg n~\bdo _` m�\gdn`m pi jpqm\b` _` am\i^cdnn`hìo _`n qjd`n a`mm�`n \adi _` m`gd`m g`n k\m^n _~\ôdqdo�n�J\io`n Fiijq\k\m^ � ò � g`n Dm\qd`mn �+ I` kmjeò `no gj^\gdn� � g\ njmod` i�.0 _` g~>.0 npm g\ ^jhhpi`_` ?p^c`g\t+> ^` ejpm) g`n n`pg`n gd\dnjin `sdno\io`n njio pi kjio _~pi` qjd` n\in ^c`hdi`hìo kd�oji ò pi kjio _`/s. qjd` %kjio i`pa& lpd n` omjpq` kgpn � g~`no _p ndo` ò ì �o\o _` n\opm\odji \ps c`pm`n _` kjdio`n+

I` kmjeò ^jhkmì_ g~ìn`h]g` _`n jk�m\odjin npdq\io`n 7

" I\ m�\gdn\odji _~pi kjio /s. qjd` ^jhkmì\io �b\g`hìo / qjd`n m�n`mq�`n � pi Q@PM ò pi` qjd`_jp^`)

" I` m�\h�i\b`hìo _p ]jpg`q\m_ _` g\ ^jhhpi\po� ì ]jpg`q\m_ pm]\di)

" I\ ^m�\odji _` ^c`hdi`hìo kjpm g`n kd�ojin ò g`n ^t^g`n)

" I` _jp]g`hìo _` g\ njmod` i�.0 _` g~>.0)

" I~�g\mbdnn`hìo _p kjio i`pa

" I\ m`lp\gdad^\odji _p bdm\ojdm` _do � D. �

I` kmjeò q\ \dind k\mod^dk`m � g\ nompôpm\odji _p o`mmdojdm`) hd`ps h\mlp`m g~ìom�` _` qdgg` _` J\io`n*g\*Gjgd` ò \pnnd \iod^dk`m g\ hdn` ì #pqm` _~pi apopm \s` pm]\di � J\io`n � Ojnit � \q`^ g\ hdn` ì kg\^`_~pi Q@PM+

K 4 6 P Q @ M Z `Q _ H Z Ub Q ^ _ U`t

Pdop� � ^c`q\g npm g`n ^jhhpi`n _` J\io`n*g\*Sdgg`) ?p^c`g\t ò J\io`n*g\*Gjgd`) g` kmjeò _` J\io`nRidq`mndo� `no kjmo� k\m pi` qjgjio� k\moì\md\g` ìom` g~Bo\o) g`n ^jhhpi`n ò g\ @jhhpi\po�_~>bbgjh�m\odji _` J\io`n*ì*Vq`gdi`n %@>JV& dio�bm� _`kpdn e\iqd`m /-.3 \p n`di _` g\ @jhhpi\po�Rm]\di` _` Dm\i_ M\mdn P`di` ò Ldn` %DMPL&+@` kmjeò n~din^mdo _\in g\ k`mnk`ôdq` _` g~Lk�m\odji _~Fio�m�o K\odji\g P`di` >q\g+I\ hdn` ì #pqm` _p kmjeò _` J\io`n Ridq`mndo� \ �o� ^jiad�` � g~Bo\]gdnn`hìo Mp]gd^ _~>h�i\b`hìo_p J\iojdn P`di` >q\g %BM>JP>&+

I`n o`mm\din _p kmjeò J\io`n Ridq`mndo�) ^jhkmì\io g`n _`ps bm\i_`n ìodo�n aji^d�m`n PRIWBO òPK@C) km�nìoìo pi ìe`p k\mod^pgd�m`hìo dhkjmo\io \p nìn j¤ g`pm \h�i\b`hìo) qdn\io � ^m�`m pi^ìom` _ti\hdlp` ò \oom\ôda kjpm g~\bbgjh�m\odji J\io`n ì Vq`gdi`n) ^jinodop`m\ pi àaò _` g`qd`m kjpmg` m`no` _p o`mmdojdm` _` g\ P`di` >q\g+

I` kmjbm\hh` _` ^òo` jk�m\odji km�qjdo g\ m�\gdn\odji _~pi k\m^ pm]\di _~pi` npma\^` _~ìqdmji .)2 c\+M\m \dgg`pmn) _` kòdon �lpdk`hìon _` kmjsdhdo� %nlp\m`n ò e\m_din& ^jinodop`mjio _`n `nk\^`n _`m`nkdm\odji \p n`di _p apopm lp\mod`m ò ^jiomd]p`mjio \p ^\_m` _` qd` _`n apopmn j^^pk\ion+I~\i^dìi` E\gg` Ppgu`m n`m\ ^jin`mq�` ì k\mod`) _\in g` ^\_m` _~pi kmjeò _` ^ìom` ^jhh`m^d\g _`0-+--- h/ _` npma\^` _` qìo` ìqdmji+I\ W>@ `no ì ^jpmn _~\h�i\b`hìo 7 ^`mo\di`n kc\n`n _` om\q\ps _` g\ W>@ _`qm\dìo �om`^ji^jhdo\io`n \q`^ ^`gg`n _~BLIB npm g` n`ô`pm _` J\io`n+

ChWdZi fhe`[ji Zr_d\hWijhkYjkh[

? M G M Z S Q Z ÙQ XXQ B a Q _ `

Mjmo�` k\m g~�o\o) g\ O�bdji �g`*_`*Cm\i^`) g` A�k\mo`hìo _`n Vq`gdi`n) PK@C O�n`\p ò g` PQFC) g\Q\ibìod`gg` Lp`no `no pi kmjeò _` om\h*om\di lpd ^jindno` � kmjgjib`m g\ Dm\i_` @`diopm` Lp`no ìn`mqd^` _`kpdn /--1 ìom` P\dio*D`mh\di Dm\i_` @`diopm` ò Kjdnt*g`*Ojd+

I\ Q\ibìod`gg` Lp`no m�podgdn` ì bm\i_` k\mod` g`n `hkmdn`n `sdno\io`n _p O�n`\p C`mm� K\odji\g _` g\Dm\i_` @`diopm`) pi` gdbi` _` ^c`hdi _` a`m ajmh\io pi` ]jp^g` \pojpm _` M\mdn) � .2 fh _p ]jpg`q\m_k�mdkc�mdlp`+

I~j]e`ôda kmdi^dk\g _p kmjeò `no _` m�kji_m` � g\ _`h\i_` ^mjdnn\io` _` _�kg\^`hìon _` ]\igd`p` �]\igd`p`) ijo\hhìo \p n`di _p _�k\mo`hìo _`n Vq`gdi`n+


M\b` 5/3 , -,/3

I` kmjeò qdn` k\m \dgg`pmn � mìajm^`m g`n gd\dnjin ì _dm`ôdji _`n k£g`n _~`hkgjdn ò _~c\]do\o _` P\dio*D`mh\di*ì*I\t`) Mjdnnt) S`mn\dgg`n ò P\dio*Npìodi*ì*Vq`gdi`n bm�^` � _` ijh]m`pn`n^jmm`nkji_\i^`n \q`^ 7

" g`n gdbi`n _` OBO 7 OBO @ � P\dio*@tm*g~�^jg`) OBO > � P\dio*D`mh\di*ì*I\t` ò >^c�m`n 8" g`n gdbi`n PK@C Qm\indgdì 7 g\ gdbi` I � P\dio*Kjh*g\*?mò�^c` ò >^c�m`n ò g`n gdbi`n R ò K �

P\dio*@tm*g~�^jg`+

I`n �op_`n _p kmjeò Q\ibìod`gg` Lp`no njio hì�`n ì / kc\n`n 7

" Mc\n` . 7 Jdn` ì n`mqd^` _~pi` gdbi` _` om\h*om\di ìom` P\dio*D`mh\di OBO ò P\dio*@tmOBO+I\ Dm\i_` @`diopm` Lp`no `no kmjgjib�` ì m�podgdn\io pi` k\mod` _`n diam\nompôpm`n`sdno\io`n _` g\ Dm\i_` @`diopm`+ Ri` `soìndji ì hj_` om\hr\t `no m�\gdn�` _` P\dio*D`mh\diDm\i_` @`diopm` %D@& � P\dio*D`mh\di OBO) qd\ g` @\hk _`n Ijb`n 8

" Mc\n` / 7 Mmjgjib`hìo _` g\ Q\ibìod`gg` Lp`no _` P\dio*D`mh\di D@ q`mn >^c�m`n*SdggÒBO+I~diam\nompôpm` _` g\ Dm\i_` @`diopm` `no m�podgdn�` _` P\dio*D`mh\di D@ \p Qmd\ibg` _`n>h]\nn\_`pmn %omd\ibg` a`mmjqd\dm` � kmjsdhdo� _` g\ b\m` _~>^c�m`n * Dm\i_ @jmhd`m&+ Ap Qmd\ibg`_`n >h]\nn\_`pmn � g\ b\m` _~>^c�m`n*Sdgg` OBO >) pi` qjd` _` otk` om\hr\t `no \h�i\b�`)k\m\gg�g` \ps qjd`n `hkmpio�`n k\m g` OBO >+

B_]kh[ 0/. 6 O_jkWj_ed Zk fhe`[j PCK fWhc_ b[i Wkjh[i fhe`[ji Z[ jhWdifehji [d Yecckd ZrEb[)Z[BhWdY[

6 ^ t M Ù[ Z P a + s Y Q `M N XUQ ^ P a b UM P a O P Q ; a Q ^ b UXXQ P Q X!4 ) +

I` qd\_p^ _` Dp`mqdgg`) dhkg\io� g` gjib _` g\ P`di`) `no ^jhkjn� \ôp`gg`hìo _` _`ps o\]gd`mn^jmm`nkji_\io \ps _`ps nìn _` ^dm^pg\odji+ Fg \ �o� hdn ì n`mqd^` _\in g`n \ii�`n .63- ò n` ndop` _\inpi` hjio�`) \p n`di _~pi` n`ôdji _` / fh km�nìo\io pi` ^jpm]` ò pi` ^jiom`*^jpm]`+

I` kmjeò ^jindno` � g\ ^m�\odji _p 0�h` qd\_p^ ò g`n dio`mqìodjin npm g`n _`ps o\]gd`mn \ôp`gn \adi _`n�^pmdn`m g`n jpqm\b`n `sdno\ion+


M\b` 5/4 , -,/3

I\ m�\gdn\odji _`n om\q\ps i�^`nndo`m\ 7

" g\ ^m�\odji _~pi` ]\n`*om\q\ps ò _~pi` kg\o`*ajmh` %_~pi` gjibp`pm _` 00- h& _` g\i�\b` _pqd\_p^) ojpo`n _`ps ndop�`n npm g`n o`mm\din _` g~ìom`kmdn` I\a\mb` 8

" g\ ^m�\odji _~pi` \dm` _` noj^f\b` o`hkjm\dm` _` h\o�md`gn ò h\o�md\ps) ndop�` ìom` g`n qjd`na`mm�`n ò g~> .0 8

" g~\h�i\b`hìo _` qjd`n _~\^^�n \p ^c\iod`m) \^^`nnd]g`n � _`n ^\hdjin) _~pi` k\mo \p n`di _`g~\i^dìi` ^\mmd�m` I\a\mb`) _~\pom` k\mo npm _`n `hkg\^`hìon _` ^c`hdin km�`sdno\ion\kk\moì\io � Sjd`n i\qdb\]g`n _` Cm\i^` %SKC& jp \ps ^jhhpi`n+

I`n om\q\ps _` m�\gdn\odji _p 0�h` o\]gd`m njio km�qpn kjpm ^jhhì^`m ì ijq`h]m` /-.2) k\m g`n_�amd^c`hìon) ò k`mhòom` g\ hdn` ì n`mqd^` ì epdi /-.6+ I`n om\q\ps _` g\i�\b` _p 0 �h` o\]gd`m)i�^`nndo\io g~dio`mmpkodji _p om\ad^ a`mmjqd\dm`) \pmjio i�^`nn\dm`hìo gd`p npm hjdin _` 15 c`pm`n _pm\iog` r``f*ì_ _` g\ Mìo`^£o` /-.5) n`gji g` ^m�i`\p ads� k\m g\ PK@C+ I\ m�a`ôdji _`n o\]gd`mn `sdno\ionn`m\ m�\gdn�` ìom` /-.6 ò /-/.) kjpm \]jpodm � g\ ^jiadbpm\odji _�adidodq` _`n omjdn o\]gd`mn ì /-/.+


M\b` 5/5 , -,/3

-,*.*3* =dWboi[ Z[i [\\[ji Ykckb�i Z[ bW f^Wi[ - $Z[ NeiW LWhai � JWdj[hh[%

I`n o\]g`\ps lpd npdqìo _m`nnìo pi` \i\gtn` _`n àaòn ^phpg�n _p kmjeò BLIB \q`^ g`n � >pom`n kmjeòn ^jiipn �+I~\i\gtn` `no m�\gdn�` kjpm g\ kc\n` ^c\iod`m kpdn kjpm g\ kc\n` `skgjdo\odji+

@jhkjn\io`n _`g~ìqdmjii`hìo

g`n kgpn nìnd]g`n

Baaòn ìqdmjii`hìo\ps ì kc\n` om\q\ps Baaòn ìqdmjii`hìo\ps ^phpg�n ì k�mdj_` _` om\q\ps

Mmjeò _` kmjgjib`hìo _p OBO Bq`mn g~Lp`no

Dm\i_n kmjeòn _~diam\nompôpm`n 7I .1) ò Q.

Mmjeòn pm]\din gj^\gdn�n _pn`ô`pm I\

A�aìn`,K\io`mm`,@jpm]`qjd`

Mmjeòn pm]\din gj^\gdn�n _pn`ô`pm Ojn\ M\mfn

Baaòn ^phpg�n \kkm�cì_�n J`npm`n _~\oo�ip\odji kmjkjn�`n

D�jgjbd`) njgn ònjpn*njgn

I` kmjeò ^jhkjmo` g` ^m`pn`hìo_~jpqm\b`n ì njpo`mm\di lpd_�b\b`mjio km�n _~pi hdggdji ò_`hd _` h�om`n ^p]`n _`h\o�md\ps+ @`n h\o�md\ps n`mjio)kjpm pi` k\mo \nnù hj_`no`)m�podgdn�n npm g`n n`ô`pmn _p kmjeòì m`h]g\d) ò kjpm g\ kgpn bm\i_`k\mo podgdn�n kjpm m`h]g\t`m _`nndo`n � m�c\]dgdo`m ^jhh` _`n^\mmd�m`n jp hdn ì _�k£on+I~�q\^p\odji _`n h\o�md\ps ò g`pmhdn` ì _�k£on kjpmmjio �om`m�\gdn�`n n`gji kgpnd`pmn hj_`n _òm\inkjmon 7 k\m a`m) k\m mjpo`) k\mqjd` i\qdb\]g` jp ì ^jiepbp\iokgpnd`pmn _` ^`n hj_`n+

I` kmjeò ^jhkjmo` \pnnd _`nn`ô`pmn � m`h]g\t`m k\m _`nh\o�md\ps kjpq\io kmjqìdm _`bdo`n _~`hkmpio kgpn jp hjdin�gjdbi�n+

I\ m�\gdn\odji _~jpqm\b`n ìo`mm�nlpd n` np]nodop`mjio \p njpn*njg ìkg\^` i�^`nndo` lp` g~jpqm\b` njdok\ma\do`hìo \_\ko� \p ^jio`so`b�jgjbdlp` ò \ps km`nndjin _`no`mm\din kjpm \nnpm`m pi` k\ma\do`no\]dgdo� ì kc\n` om\q\ps+

I` kmjeò Q. `no pi kmjeò a`mmjqd\dm`_` npma\^` ^jindno\io � kmjgjib` g`Q. \ôp`g npm .-)4 fh) _jio 4)4 fh_` gdbi` ijpq`gg`+ @` ^c\iod`m q\i�^`nndo`m g\ b`nodji _~pi qjgph`dhkjmo\io _` _�]g\dn ò m`h]g\dn)ijo\hhìo kjpm g`n om\q\ps _`_�hjgdodji ò _` o`mm\nn`hìo _`g~> .53+

I` kmjeò I .1) m�\gdn� ì njpn*njgn) q\ n` om\_pdm` k\m g~`s^\q\odji_` qjgph` _` h\o�md\ps lpd njio`nodh�n � 62- --- h0+

I\ m�\gdn\odji _` ^`n kmjeònpm]\din q\ n~\^^jhk\bi`m \km�n_�hjgdodji _`n ]�odhìon òdiam\nompôpm`n ì kg\^` _` g\m�\gdn\odji _` aji_\odjin ò _òm\q\ps ì njpn*njg %no\odjii`hìoò \pom`n)x& ò _` o`mm\nn`hìonkjpm hj_`g`m g`n `nk\^`n ì qp`_` g`pm \h�i\b`hìo+ A`nh\o�md\ps n`mjio �q\^p�n ò_~\pom`n n`mjio o`mm\nn�n npm kg\^`+I`n qjgph`n ^ji^`mi�n k`pqìo�om` m`g\odq`hìo gdhdo�n+

I` kmjeò _` b\m` Ojn\ M\mfn \dindlp` g` kmjeò _` m`^jiq`mndji _`nìom`k£on J\^ Aji\g_ qjio di_pdm`_`n o`mm\nn`hìon dhkjmo\ion \dindlp` g\ _�hjgdodji _~pi` k\mod` _p]�od `sdno\io+ @`n om\q\ps qjio_ji^ b�i�m`m _`n lp\iodo�n ijii�bgdb`\]g`n _` h\o�md\ps npm g`n`ô`pm+

Ppm ^`mo\di`n uji`n _p n`ô`pm) g`njg ^jhkjmo` _`n oì`pmn �g`q�`nì kjggp\ion dhkpo\]g`n \ps\ôdqdo�n di_pnomd`gg`n k\nn�`n+

I\ m�\gdn\odji npm pi` k�mdj_`_~pi` _du\di` _~\ii�` _`n kmjeònq\ ìom\¡i`m _~dhkjmo\ion om\q\psì njpn*njgn n` om\_pdn\io k\mg~`som\ôdji) g~�q\^p\odji ò g\m�podgdn\odji jp g\ hdn` ì _�k£on_` hdggdjin _` h0 _` h\o�md\ps npm_dq`mn ndo`n _` g\ m�bdji jp \p*_`g�+

@`n `s^\q\odjin a`mjio kg\^` � _`njpqm\b`n ^ji�pn kjpm \nnpm`m g\no\]dgdo� _`n ajmh\odjin _p njpn*njg) ì kc\n` om\q\ps ò ì kc\n`_~`skgjdo\odji+

Mì_\io ^òo` k�mdj_`) _`no`mm\nn`hìon n`mjio jk�m�n npm_`n ndo`n ì npma\^` _\in _`nn`ô`pmn m`g\odq`hìo kmj^c`n %gòm\^� _` g\ gdbi` .1 ^mjdn` g` OBOB \ps \]jm_n _` g\ b\m` P\dio*I\u\m`&+

I\ _`h\i_` ì h\o�md\ps q\ nòm\_pdm` k\m g~`skgjdo\odji _`^\mmd�m`n) _`n _�kg\^`hìon h�h`nd ^c\lp` kmjeò n~din^mdo _\in njik�mdh�om` kmjkm`+

@` otk` _~\ôdqdo� _` o`mm\nn`hìon`m\ � g~jmdbdi` _` _�kg\^`hìon òhj]dgdn\o`pm kjpm g`n ìom`kmdn`n^ji^`mi�`n+ I`n bdo`n _~`hkmpionò _` _�k£on m`^c`m^c�n ò om�n\ôdan+

Mjpm m�kji_m` � g\ _`h\i_ìjo\hhìo ì ndo`n _` _�k£on pi`^ji^`mo\odji ìom` g`n _daa�mìo`nh\¡omdn`n _~jpqm\b`n) njpn g\m`nkjin\]dgdo� _~pi` ^jjm_di\odjim�bdji\g` n`m\ i�^`nn\dm` kjpmc\mhjidn`m ^òo` _`h\i_` ògdhdo`m g`n àaòn _` ^ji^pmmì^`+ >g~didod\odq` _p Dm\i_ M\mdn) pi`�op_` m`^ìn\io g`n ndo`n kjoìod`gn_` _�k£o _\in g\ m�bdji \ �o�m�\gdn�`+ > kmdjmd _`n \i^dìi`n^\mmd�m`n jp \pom`n bdo`n _~`hkmpio_` h\o�md\ps njio � ^jh]g`m+ I\^jii\dnn\i^` _` g`pm gj^\gdn\odjiò _` g`pm ^\k\^do� a\^dgdo`m\bm\i_`hìo g\ b`nodji _`nh\o�md\ps+ A~pi` h\id�m` b�i�m\g`dg n`m\ \pnnd m`^c`m^c� � m�podgdn`m\p h\sdhph g`n h\o�md\ps ìom`kmjeòn kjpm g\ m�\gdn\odji _`m`h]g\d n`gji g`pmn^\m\ô�mdnodlp`n+


M\b` 50, , -,/3


g`n kgpn nìnd]g`n








B\psnpk`mad^d`gg`n

I` kmjeò ^jhkmì_ _`n om\q\ps j¤g`n `\ps _` mpdnn`gg`hìo n`mjio �m`^p`dggdm ò � om\do`m \q\io g`pm mèò_\in g` hdgd`p+ Fg ^jhkmì_ \pnnd_`n om\q\ps _\in g` ^\i\g P\dio*Aìdn ò _\in g\ P`di` ì _`psì_mjdon 7 ìom` K\io`mm` ò ?ùjinò g` gjib _` g\ P`di` ìom` �k£i`ò J�ud�m`n+ @`n om\q\ps qjiogj^\g`hìo ò o`hkjm\dm`hìom`nom`di_m` g`n ^ji_dodjin _ì\qdb\odji ò _~podgdn\odji _`n ^jpmn_~`\p ò n~\^^jhk\bi`mjio _`km�^\podjin kjpm �qdo`m ojpo`kjggpodji k\m mèò _` h\o�md\ps jph\od�m`n _\ib`m`pn`n+

M\mhd g`n bm\i_n kmjeòn_~diam\nompôpm`n m�\gdn�n npm g\h�h` k�mdj_` lp` g`kmjgjib`hìo) ojpn g`n kmjeòni�^`nndoìo _` hòom` ì #pqm` g`nkm�^\podjin i�^`nn\dm`n � g\kmjo`ôdji _`n `\ps npk`mad^d`gg`nnpm g`n ndo`n _` ^c\iod`mn ò npm g`ndodi�m\dm`n _` om\inkjmon _`nh\o�md\ps jp \pom`n qdn*�*qdn _pm�n`\p ct_mjbm\kcdlp` ò _`n`nk\^`n \bmd^jg`n jp \pom`n+

I`n kmjeòn _` I.1 ò Q. iòjp^cìo k\n _dm`ô`hìo _` ^jpmn_$`\p+

Bi m`q\i^c`) g` kmjgjib`hìo _`g\ I.1 _p h�omj q\ _dhdip`m g`qjgph` _~`sk\indji _`n ^mp`n _`g\ P`di`+

I`n 6 kmjeòn pm]\din) i�^`nndoìo_` hòom` ì #pqm` g`n km�^\podjin^g\nndlp`n qdn*�*qdn _pmpdnn`gg`hìo npm g`n `hkmdn`n ìom\q\ps kjpm �qdo`m lp` _`nn`ô`pmn njdìo diji_�no`hkjm\dm`hìo ò lp` _`n `\ps^c\mb�`n _` kmj_pdon kjggp\ion i`qdìiìo dhk\ô`m g` hdgd`p+

I`n _`ps kmjeòn pm]\din)i�^`nndoìo _` hòom` ì #pqm` g`nkm�^\podjin ^g\nndlp`n qdn*�*qdn _pmpdnn`gg`hìo npm g`n `hkmdn`n ìom\q\ps kjpm �qdo`m lp` _`nn`ô`pmn njdìo diji_�no`hkjm\dm`hìo ò lp` _`n `\ps^c\mb�`n _` kmj_pdon kjggp\ion i`qdìiìo dhk\ô`m g` hdgd`p+

I~ìn`h]g` _`n àaòn n`mjiogj^\gdn�n \ps \]jm_n _`n ^c\iod`mnò h\¡omdn�n npm ^c\lp` ndo`+

Fg n`h]g` lp` g`n om\q\ps npm g\P`di`) m�\gdn\odji _` kdg`n) _`^pg�`n) _` mìajm^`hìo _`]`mb`nx njio �gjdbi�n g`n pin _`n\pom`n ì gdhdo\io g`n mdnlp`n_~àaòn ^phpg�n %� g~`s^`kodji _pkmjeò _` _`nn`mo` agpqd\g` _p^c\iod`m E`mhdo\b`) _jio g`n àaòn^phpg�n njio \kkm�cì_�n _\inpi k\m\bm\kc` nk�^dadlp` � g\ npdo`_`n o\]g`\ps&

I~ìn`h]g` _`n om\q\ps _`qmjio \pom\q`mn _`n �op_`n � m�\gdn`m _\ing` ^\_m` _` g\ Ijd npm g~`\p �om`^jiipn k\m g`n n`mqd^`n ì ^c\mb`_` g\ kjgd^` _` g~`\p) _` SKCx _`h\id�m` � c\mhjidn`m g`n_daa�mìo`n dio`mqìodjin ò � hòom`ì #pqm` g`n h`npm`n m�_pômd^`n\_\ko�`n %kc\n\b` _`n _daa�mìon^c\iod`mn) jmb\idn\odji _`ndio`mqìodjin _\in g` gdo _pag`pq`)x&

B\psnjpo`mm\di`n+

A~pi` h\id�m` b�i�m\g` g\ hdn` ì#pqm` _p kmjeò npm ojpn g`n ndo`n_` om\q\ps \�mdìn n`m\\^^jhk\bi�` _`n km�^\podjin^jhhpi`n � g\ kmjo`ôdji _`n`\ps npk`mad^d`gg`n qdn\io � hòom`ì kg\^` pi \nn\didnn`hìo%kmjqdnjdm` jp _�adidoda& \adi _~�qdo`mlp` _`n `\ps kjggp�`n mèjdbiìo g`m�n`\p ct_mjbm\kcdlp` jpk`m^jgìo _\in g`n njgn ì mdnlp\io_` kmj_pdm` _`n àaòn npm g`n `\psnjpo`mm\di`n+

I` kmjeò ^jhkjmo` pi` om�ndhkjmo\io` k\mod` ì njpo`mm\di) ìom\q`mn\io k\mod`gg`hìo pi` i\kk`kmjaji_` ò kgpn npk`mad^d`gg`hìog\ i\kk` _` g\ P`di`+ I`n �op_`nqjio k`mhòom` _` _�o`mhdi`m g`nh`npm`n � hòom` ì #pqm` ìkc\n` ^c\iod`m kjpm km�n`mq`m g\lp\gdo� _`n `\ps ò i` k\nk`mopm]`m bm\q`hìo g`n�^jpg`hìon ò g`n ^ji_dodjinct_mjgjbdlp`n njpo`mm\di`n+

I` kmjeò I.1 m�\gdn� ì njpn*o`mm\di q\ ^ji^`mi`m 0 i\kk`n ìnjpn*njg %\ggpqdjin) ^\g^\dm` _`P\dio*Lpì ò _`n n\]g`n _`?`\p^c\hk ò Ipo�^dì&

I` kmjeò \�mdì Q. kjpmm\ ^£ojt`mg`n i\kk`n n`gji nji kmjadg ì gjib%Ajnnd`m Ijd npm g~`\p iji ì^jm`mì_p kp]gd^&

@`n kmjeòn k`pqìo _\in g`pmk\mod` njpo`mm\di` ojp^c`m g\ i\kk`_` g\ P`di`) h\dn dgn njiokmj]\]g`hìo \p*_`nnpn+ I`nkm�^\podjin _~\nn\didnn`hìoo`hkjm\dm` jp _�adidoda hdn`n ìkg\^` kjpm g\ kc\n` om\q\psgdhdo`mjio g`n àaòn npm g`n `\psnjpo`mm\di`n+

I~\ôdqdo� di_pnomd`gg` _p n`ô`pmg\dnn` km�n\b`m _~pi` kjggpodjikjoìod`gg` _~pi ^\ko\b` di_pnomd`g �kmjsdhdo� _`n ndo`n _p kmjeò+

A`n àaòn k`pqìo �om` ^phpg�n \p_mjdo _` g\ i\kk` _` g\ P`di`)ijo\hhìo kjpm g`n kmjeòn _`K\io`mm` Ridq`mndo�) @do� _`nMmjqdi^`n am\i�\dn`n ò Po\_`>mì\ _jio g`n ^c\iod`mn n`mjio^ji^jhdo\ion \q`^ g` ^c\iod`m_~BLIB npm ìqdmji / \in+

>p _mjdo _` P\dio*I\u\m`+) g`n^c\iod`mn OBO ò I .1 n`mjiokmj^c`n ò om\q`mn`mjio g\ i\kk`_` g\ P`di` kjpq\io�qìop`gg`hìo ^jiepbp`mgj^\g`hìo pi àaò _` ]\mm\b` jp_` m\]\oo`hìo+

Ri` ^jjm_di\odji _`n kc\n\b`n ò_`n h`npm`n � \kkgdlp`m gjmnlp`_`n kmjeòn _dnodiôn ojp^cìo g\h�h` i\kk` jp _`n i\kk`nkjpq\io ^jhhpidlp`m n`m\ �hòom` ì #pqm`+ Fg a\po �qdo`m lp`_`n kc�ijh�i`n i` n` ^jiepbpìoì \hkgdad\io k\m `s`hkg` g`m\gìodnn`hìo jp ]\mm\b`_~�^jpg`hìo+ I`n _daa�mìon^c\iod`mn _`qmjio a\dm` g~j]eò _~pi`s\hì j¤ g`n om\q\ps � m�\gdn`m òg`pm _�mjpg`hìo _`qmjio �om`^jiamjio�n \adi _` km�qjdm g`n�qìop`gn àaòn ^jiepbp�n) g`pmdhkjmo\i^`) ò g` ^\n �^c�\io g`nh`npm`n � hòom` ì #pqm`+


M\b` 50- , -,/3


g`n kgpn nìnd]g`n








Odnlp`n i\opm`gn

Bi kc\n` ^c\iod`m) g\ m�\gdn\odji _pkmjeò k`po �om` ^jiamjio�`kmdi^dk\g`hìo \p mdnlp`_~diji_\odji _\in g`n n`ô`pmn _`MMOF _\in jp ì ]jm_pm` _` P`di`ò _`n ^jpmn _~`\p om\q`mn�n^jhh` g\ J\pg_m`+ ò \p mdnlp` _`hjpq`hìon _` o`mm\din)ijo\hhìo ì q\gg�` _` P`di`+

I` kmjeò _` kmjgjib`hìo _` g\I.1 `no ^ji^`mi� k\m g` mdnlp`_~diji_\odji %MMO diji_\odji _` g\P`di`&+

Odnlp` diji_\odji k\mmpdnn`gg`hìo ò \g�\ hjtì � ajmo_` mòm\do bjiag`hìo _`n \mbdg`nmì^jiom�`n npm g` om\^� _p Q. ìkmjeò

I` mdnlp` _~diji_\odji `nodi`sdno\io ò g` mdnlp` hjpq`hìo_` o`mm\di _\in ^`n n`ô`pmn\h�i\b�n _`kpdn _`n _du\di`n_~\ii�`n `no om�n a\d]g`+

I\ uji` `no ^ji^`mi�` k\m g`mdnlp` _~dino\]dgdo� _`n njpn*njgn_p` � g\ km�nì^` _` kj^c`n _`btkn` \io�gp_dì npm g` n`ô`pm

I` mdnlp` _~diji_\odji i` _`qm\dok\n �om` \hkgdad� _p a\do _` g\m�\gdn\odji ndhpgo\i�` _`n_daa�mìon kmjeòn ì P`di`+ Bi àaòg`n ndo`n ^ji^`mi�n njiom`g\odq`hìo �gjdbi�n g`n pin _`n\pom`n %g` ^\n k\mod^pgd`m _`n àaòn^phpg�n ìom` g` kmjeò BLIB ò g`kmjeò _` _`nn`mo` agpqd\g` _p kmjeòE`mhdo\b` a\do g~j]eò _~pi` \i\gtn`_dnodiô` � g\ npdo` _`n o\]g`\ps&+

I.1 km�qjdo ì ^jhkìn\odji g`kmdi^dk` _` ^m�\odji _~pi ]\nndi _`noj^f\b` kjpm ^jhkìn`m g`qjgph` _~`sk\indji _` ^mp` _` g\P`di`+

Ri` �op_` b�jo`^cidlp` \ �o�m�\gdn�` _\in g` ^\_m` _` g\^ji^`kodji _p Q. ò g`n mdnlp`ndiji_\odji ò mòm\do bjiag`hìo _`n\mbdg`n njio kmdn ì ^jhko` _\in g\^ji^`kodji+

I`n kmjeòn _` om\q\ps ì P`di` jpom\q`mn\io ^`mo\di`n kjmodjin _pm�n`\p ct_mjbm\kcdlp` n`mjio �`s\hdi`m _\in g`pm ìn`h]g` _`h\id�m` � �q\gp`m g`n �qìop`gg`n^jin�lpì^`n ì ^\n _` ^mp`+ Fgn`m\ q�mdad� g`n �qìop`gg`n^jin�lpì^`n _` g\ km�nì^` _`kgpnd`pmn ^c\iod`mn _\in g` ^jpmn_~`\p npm g\ hjio�` _`n `\ps+

A`n �op_`n ct_m\pgdlp`n jio �o�m�\gdn�`n _\in g` ^\_m` _` g\m�\gdn\odji _p _jnnd`m Ijd npm g~`\p_p kmjeò BLIB+ @`n _`mid�m`nkmìiìo ì ^jind_�m\odji g`n\pom`n kmjeòn _` om\q\ps �kmjsdhdo�) ijo\hhìo ^ji^`mi\iog` kmjeò E`mhdo\b`+

Jdgd`ps i\opm`gn

I\ m�\gdn\odji _p kmjgjib`hìon~\^^jhk\bi` _` g\ _`nompôdji_~`hkmdn`n i\opm`gg`n om�ngj^\gdn�`n ò gdhdo�`n ì npma\^`+@`g\ ^ji^`mi` g`n mdq`n _`K\io`mm` ò ?ùjin) ojp^c` g~¡g`P\dio*J\modi) g` gjib _` g\ n`di`ìom` �k£i` ò J�ud�m`n ò �J\io`n+

I` Q. \aa`ô` _`n k`gjpn`n ò _`namd^c`n _` a\�ji gj^\gdn�` ò pi\]\oo\b` gj^\gdn� _~\m]m`n %4./\m]m`n&

I` kmjgjib`hìo _` g\ I.1) m�\gdn�ì njpn*o`mm\di i~\ \p^pi àaò npmg`n hdgd`ps i\opm`gn ì npma\^`+

I` ^jio`so` _` ^`n 6 jk�m\odjin `no`nnìod`gg`hìo pm]\di+ Pd _`kòdo`n `hkmdn`n gj^\gdn�`n \]mdoìo_`n ajmh\odjin q�b�o\g`n òlp`glp`n `nk�^`n \idh\g`n) ^`najmh\odjin gdhdo�`n) i` njio k\n^g\nn�`n \p odom` _` g\ kmjo`ôdji _pk\omdhjdi` i\opm`g+ I\ m�\gdn\odji_` ^`n jk�m\odjin n~\^^jhk\bi`m\_` g\ ^m�\odji _` ijpq`\ps`nk\^`n q�b�o\gdn�n+ lpd ìdhkjmo\i^` _` npma\^` _`qm\dìo^jhkìn`m g`n `hkmdn`n ì kg\^`+

I`n _`ps kmjeòn n` omjpqìo _\inpi` \i^dìi` amd^c` di_pnomd`gg` ìkg`di` m`^jiq`mndji+ I` hdgd`p i~`nok\n m�kpo� kjpm n\ md^c`nn`�^jgjbdlp`+ I`n ìe`ps m`noìoa\d]g`n npm g` n`ô`pm+

I\ kgpk\mo _`n kmjeòn ^ji^`mi�nnjio �gjdbi�n g`n pin _`n \pom`n) òojp^c`mjio _`n n`ô`pmn ndibpgd`mnn\in diagpì^` ì h\od�m` _` hdgd`pi\opm`g g`n pin _`n \pom`n+

I`n 6 kmjeòn gj^\gdn�n npm g`n`ô`pm _` I\ A�aìn` ,K\io`mm`,@jpm]`qjd` njio lp\io � `psm`g\odq`hìo kmj^c`n h\dn g`n`ô`pm `no _�e� ajmo`hìopm]\idn�+

I~àaò lpd ^ji^`mi` k`p g` kmjeòBLIB `no ^`gpd _` ^phpg`m) _p a\do_`n kmjeòn _` npma\^`) g\om\inajmh\odji _` npma\^`ni\opm`gg`n ì `hkmdn`n_~diam\nompôpm`+

@c\lp` kmjeò n`m\ \^^jhk\bi�_` h`npm`n nk�^dadlp`n qdn\io) \p*_`g� _` g~�qdo`hìo) � m�_pdm`g~dhk\ô kjnnd]g` ò � ^jhkìn`m g\_`nompôdji _` hdgd`ps k\m g`pmm`^jinodopodji) qjdm` k\m g~`soìndji_~`nk\^`n i\opm`gn _\in g\ m�bdji+I`n h`npm`n k`pqìo n` om\_pdm`\p adi\g k\m g\ ^jiajmo\odji _`hdgd`ps i\opm`gn kgpn jp hjdin_�bm\_�n+


M\b` 50. , -,/3


g`n kgpn nìnd]g`n








Mjkpg\odji òc\]do\o

I\ m�\gdn\odji _p kmjgjib`hìoi~`no npn^`kod]g` _` b�i`m lp~piijh]m` m�_pdo _~c\]do\ion _\in g\h`npm` j¤ g` kmjeò `no ì bm\i_`k\mod` m�\gdn�) njdo npm _`n `hkmdn`na`mmjqd\dm`n njdo ì njpn*njg+ I`nndo`n g`n kgpn ^ji^`mi�n njio\pojpm _` g\ b\m` �q\ibdg`) pi` mp`jp pi \pom` ndo` � kmjsdhdo� _` g\b\m` n\dio*I\u\m`) ì ]jm_pm` _`nkpdon � M\mdn) K`pdggt) @jpm]`qjd`)Mjdnnt) J\io`n+

I\ m�\gdn\odji _` ^`n kmjeòn q\^ji^`mi`m n`gji g`pm gj^\gdn\odji_`n kjkpg\odjin mdq`m\di`n kì_\iog\ m�\gdn\odji _`n om\q\ps+


I` n`ô`pm ^ji^`mi� `no pi n`ô`pmì kg`di` m`^jiq`mndji lpd^ji^`mi` pi` \i^dìi` amd^c`di_pnomd`gg` _�n\aa`ô�`+ I~c\]do\o`no _ji^ k`p ^ji^`mi� npm ^` otk`_` kmjeò+

I`n mdq`m\din n`mjio ^ji^`mi�nn`gji g`pm n`ô`pm) dg i` _`qm\do k\nt \qjdm _~dhkjmo\ion ^phpgn_~àaòn+ A\in M\mdn � kmjsdhdo� _`g\ b\m` P\dio I\u\m` nd g\ m�\gdn\odji_p kmjgjib`hìo _` I.1 `no^ji^jhdo\io` \q`^ g` kmjeò BLIB)g`n àaòn kjpmmjio ^ji^`mi`m pi`nk\^` pm]\di kgpn g\mb`+

I`n ijpq`gg`n ojpmn %Qmdidot òMc\m`&) ndop�`n � kmjsdhdo�dhh�_d\o` _p om\^� ò _` g\ apopm`b\m` Bjg`) _`qm\dìo �om` \^c`q�`n\q\io g` _�h\mm\b` _`n om\q\ps _`kmjgjib`hìo _p OBO B npm g`n`ô`pm _` I\ A�aìn` ,K\io`mm`,@jpm]`qjd`

Mjpm ^c\lp` kmjeò _`n h`npm`nnk�^dadlp`n _` kmjo`ôdji _` g\ qd`pm]\di` %^dm^pg\odji) n�^pmdo�)kmjkmò� _`n ndo`n)x& n`mjio hdn`nì #pqm`+ Pd _`n ^c\iod`mn njiom�\gdn�n _\in _`n n`ô`pmn kmj^c`npi` i�^`nn\dm` ^jjm_di\odji `no �hòom` ì #pqm`+

Bhkgjdn ò\ôdqdo�n

I\ m�\gdn\odji _p kmjeòn~\^^jhk\bi`m\ _` g\ hj]dgdn\odji_~pi k`mnjii`g dhkjmo\io _`nom\q\ps kp]gd^n %k`mh\iìon òo`hkjm\dm`n& \p*_`g� ^` ^c\iod`m`no b�i�m\o`pm _~\ôdqdo� _\in gò`mm\nn`hìo) g`n ^\mmd�m`n) g`nh\o�md\ps _` ^jinompôdji)^dhìo`md`n) h\o�md`gn _` om\q\pskp]gd^n) q�cd^pg`n) kì_\io g`n\ii�`n _` m�\gdn\odji _p kmjeò+I`n n`mqd^`n gj^\ps %m`no\pm\odji)c£o`gg`md`x& n`mjio \pnnd]�i�ad^d\dm`n n~dgn i` njio k\nb�i�n+

I\ m�\gdn\odji _` ^`n _`ps bm\i_nkmjeòn n`m\ \pnnd njpm^`n_~\ôdqdo� ò _~`hkgjdn kjpm g\m�bdji ò \p*_`g�+

I\ m�\gdn\odji _` ^`n 6 ^c\iod`mnn`m\ \pnnd njpm^`n _~\ôdqdo� ò_~`hkgjdn+

Pjpm^` _~\ôdqdo� k\m g` ^c\iod`m^jhh` kjpm g`n \pom`n kmjeòn+

I` ^phpg _` g\ m�\gdn\odji _`kmjeòn q\ ^jiomd]p`m � _ti\hdn`mg`n om\q\ps kp]gd^n \q`^ g~àaò_~ìom\¡i`hìo npm _~\pom`nn`ô`pmn lp` ^`g\ npn^do`+

Mjpm ^`mo\din h\o�md`gn jph\o�md\ps dg k`po npmqìdm _`nmò\m_n _~\kkmjqdndjii`hìo h\dn^`g\ k`po �om` \iod^dk�+

I`n ìom`kmdn`n m�kji_mjio \ps]`njdin+ J\dn g`n kmja`nndjin^ji^`mi�`n k`pqìo \iod^dk`m npmg\ ]\n` _`n kc\n\b`n _`m�\gdn\odji+


M\b` 50/ , -,/3


g`n kgpn nìnd]g`n








A�kg\^`hìon

I` kmjeò `no m�\gdn� ì bm\i_`k\mod` npm _`n diam\nompôpm`n`sdno\io`n ò njpn ^dm^pg\odji+ I`n^jin�lpì^`n n`mjio ^dm^jin^mdo`n\p k�mdh�om` gpd* h�h`+ I` kmjeòq\ ìbì_m`m _`n ^dm^pg\odjin _`^\hdjin lpd n`mjio ^`kì_\iogdhdo�`n ì ijh]m` _` q�cd^pg`n ònpm _`n n`ô`pmn gdhdo�n+

I`n _`ps bm\i_n kmjeòn kmj_pdmjiog` h�h` otk` _~àaòn) kgpn jphjdin dhkjmo\ion n`gji g`n hj_`n_~�q\^p\odji jp_~\kkmjqdndjii`hìo mòìpn+

J�h` otk` _~àaò \nnù gj^\gdn�_\in pi n`ô`pm om�n ^dm^pg�

I\ gj^\gdn\odji _`n om\q\ps _\in^òo` \i^dìi` uji` _�n\aa`ô�ì` ^m�`m\ k\n _` omjp]g` h\e`pm ìo`mh`n _` _�kg\^`hìon mjpod`mnnpm g` n`ô`pm+ I`n om\q\ps npm g\qjd` a`mm�` jp � kmjsdhdo� kjpmmjiok\m ^jiom` i�^`nndo`m pi` b`nodji_p om\ad^ _`n om\din+

I`n kmjeòn m�\gdn�n kjpm ^`mo\din_\in _`n n`ô`pmn m`g\odq`hìokmj^c`n kjpmmjio \qjdm _`nn`ôdjin _~dodi�m\dm`n ^jhhpi`nkjpm mèjdi_m` pi` uji` _` _�k£o+A\in ^` ^\n g`n àaòn ^phpg�nk`pqìo �om` njpm^` _`k`mopm]\odjin

Lpom` g`n h`npm`n nk�^dadlp`n npmg`n ^dm^pg\odjin npm g`n ndo`na`mmjqd\dm`n) npm g` ^c\iod`m ò\pojpm _p ^c\iod`m %m�o\]gdnn`hìo_`n ^jhhpid^\odjin& _`n^jjm_di\odjin _` ^dm^pg\odji%dodi�m\dm`n) k�mdj_`n& n`mjio �m�\gdn`m+

?mpdo*Sd]m\odjin

I\ m�\gdn\odji _p kmjeò q\ìbì_m`m gj^\g`hìo npm _`nk�mdj_`n q\md\]g`n _`n ]mpdon ò _`nqd]m\odjin gd�n \ps _daa�mìo`no�^c`n _` ^c\iod`m %^m`pn`hìo)_�hjgdodji) ^dm^pg\odji) �q\^p\odji_` h\o�md\ps) ]\oo\b` _`k\gkg\i^c`nx&

@c\lp` kmjeò n`m\ �b\g`hìonjpm^` _` ]mpdo ò _` qd]m\odji npmg`pmn `hkmdn`n ò _\in piìqdmjii`hìo kgpn jp hjdinkmj^c`+

@`n 6 m�\gdn\odjin pm]\di`n n`mjio�b\g`hìo njpm^`n _` ]mpdo òqd]m\odjin+

I\ km�nì^` _`n \s`n mjpod`mn \dindlp` _`n qjd`n a`mm�`n npm g` n`ô`pmdi_pdo pi` \h]d\i^` _�bm\_�` ìo`mh`n _` ]mpdo ò _` qd]m\odji+

Mjiôp`gg`hìo) k\m `s`hkg` �P\dio I\u\m` \q`^ I .1 _`n àaònnpm ]mpdo ò qd]m\odjin kjpmm\dìo n`^phpg`m+

Ri` ^jjm_di\odji _`n ^c\iod`mn `noi�^`nn\dm` \adi _~\kkm�cì_`m g`n^jin�lpì^`n _` ^phpg _~àaò ò_` kmjkjn`m g`n h`npm`n^jmm`nkji_\io`n+ M\m `s`hkg`)pi` kmjbm\hh\odji _daa�m�`) jp \p^jiom\dm` pi` gdhdo\odji _\in gò`hkn _` ^`mo\di`n o�^c`n]mpt\io`n+

Np\gdo� _` g~\dm

I` ^c\iod`m `no kjoìod`gg`hìokmj_pô`pm _` kjpnnd�m` h\dn _`nh`npm`n \_\ko�`n ì gdhdo` g`nàaòn+

Ri ^c\iod`m ^jhh` g`kmjgjib`hìo �hò pi` \nnùbm\i_` lp\iodo� _` @L/+

I`n àaòn ìbì_m�n k\m g`n \pom`n^c\iod`mn n`mjio ndhdg\dm`n) ìk\mod^pgd`m g` kmjgjib`hìo _p Q.lpd `no pi ^c\iod`m `so�md`pm^jiom\dm`hìo \p kmjgjib`hìo _`g\ I.1 ì njpn*njg+

I`n _�kg\^`hìon _~ìbdin _`^c\iod`m njio �b\g`hìo njpm^`n_~�hdnndjin _` kjpnnd�m`n+

@`n 6 m�\gdn\odjin pm]\di`n n`mjio�b\g`hìo njpm^`n _~�hdnndjin _`kjpnnd�m`n) ijo\hhìo kì_\iog`n kc\n`n _` _�hjgdodji _`g~`sdno\io+

Mjpm g`n h�h`n m\dnjinlp~�qjlp�`n ^d*_`nnpn) g\ lp\gdo�_` g~\dm _p n`ô`pm `no epb�`h�_dj^m`+

I\ m�\gdn\odji _` ^`n ^c\iod`mn q\kmj_pdm` pi` bm\i_` lp\iodo� _`@L/+ ^ò àaò ì k�mdj_` ^c\iod`mn`m\ diq`mn� \km�n hdn` ì n`mqd^`_`n kmjeòn _` om\inkjmon ì^jhhpi lpd k\mod^dk`mjio �\]\dnn`m g`n qjgph`n _` @L/ �hdn+

Qjpo`n g`n njgpodjin ì o`mh`n _`h�ocj_`n ò _` h\o�md`gn n`mjiohdn`n ì #pqm` \adi _` gdhdo`m g`n�hdnndjin _` @L/+

O�n`\pso`^cidlp`n

@`mo\din bm\i_n m�n`\pso`^cidlp`n n`mjio om\q`mn�n ò_`qmjio �om` m�o\]gdn+




Fg `no kjnnd]g` lp` ^`mo\din bm\i_nm�n`\ps o`^cidlp`n _` om\inkjmonnjdìo om\q`mn�n k\m _`ps kmjeòn+

Ri` ^jjm_di\odji ìom` g`n_daa�mìon h\¡om`n _~jpqm\b`n ò g`nn`mqd^`n b`nodjii\dm`n ì`s\hdi\io g\ kmjbm\hh\odji _òjpn g`n kmjeòn `no i�^`nn\dm`+

Odnlp`no`^cijgjbdlp`n

I` kmjeò `no ndop� � kmjsdhdo� _~pin`ô`pm _` m�n`mqjdmn � K\io`mm`)_` ndgjn � J\io`nx

Qjpn g`n kmjeòn njio npn^`kod]g`n_` om\q`mn`m _`n n`ô`pmn _` mdnlpò`^cijgjbdlp`+

@`mo\din kmjeòn njio ndop�n _\in_`n k�mdh�om`n nìnd]g`n)ijo\hhìo g\ Qjpm >dm/ ^ji^`mi�`k\m pi MMO kjpm g` mdnlp` gd� �_~\i^dìi`n ^\mmd�m`n

A` g~\hd\io` `no km�nìo` npm g`ndo` _`n ìom`k£on J\^_ji\g_

Fg n`m\ � q�mdad`m nd ^`mo\din kmjeòn^phpgìo g`pm kmjsdhdo� \q`^ _`nn`ô`pmn _` mdnlp` o`^cijgjbdlp`)^`g\ kjpmm\ �om` g` ^\n _`n kmjeòngj^\gdn�n npm g` n`ô`pm _` I\A�aìn`,K\io`mm`,@jpm]`qjd`

Pd g` ^phpg `no \q�m�) g`n^jin�lpì^`n _`qmjio �om``s\hdi�`n ì ^jjm_di\odji+


M\b` 500 , -,/3


g`n kgpn nìnd]g`n








Qm\do`hìo _`n_�^còn

I` kmjeò podgdn`m\ g`n adgd�m`n\_\ko�`n n`gji g`n _daa�mìon otk`n_` _�^còn+ Mjpm g`n h\o�md\ps`s^\q�n) g`n ndo`n _` _�k£on a`mjiog~j]eò k\m Dm\i_ M\mdn _~pi` �op_`nk�^dadlp`+

I~ìn`h]g` _`n kmjeòn podgdn`mjiog`n adgd�m`n \_\ko�`n+

Rodgdn\odji _` adgd�m`n \_\ko�`n

I`n kmjeòn podgdn`mjio g`n adgd�m`n\_\ko�`n k\mod^pgd�m`hìo ì ^`lpd ^ji^`mi` g` om\do`hìo _`g~\hd\io`+

Fg n`m\ i�^`nn\dm` _` q�mdad`m g\^\k\^do� _`n adgd�m`n � m`^`qjdm g`n_�^còn _` ^c\iod`m+

Ri` ^jjm_di\odji _`n _daa�mìonkmjeòn n`m\ � hòom` ì kg\^`+


M\b` 501 , -,/3


g`n kgpn nìnd]g`n

Baaòn ìqdmjii`hìo\ps ì kc\n` `skgjdo\odji Baaòn ìqdmjii`hìo\ps ^phpg�n ì k�mdj_` _~`skgjdo\odji







@gdh\o

I~�op_` \ hjiom� lp` g` kmjeòk`mhòom\ _` m�_pdm` g`n mèòn _`@L/ %b\u � àaò _` n`mm`& bm�^` �g\ m�jmb\idn\odji _`n om\inkjmon^jgg`ôdan lp~dg k`mhò ò \p m`kjmo_` g\ qjdopm` q`mn g` OBO+

I`n \pom`n kmjeòn _~diam\nompôpm`)n`mjio \km�n lp`glp`n \ii�`n_~`skgjdo\odji � g~jmdbdi` _~pi`^`mo\di` m�_pôdji _`n �hdnndjin_` b\u � àaò _` n`mm`+

I` kmjgjib`hìo _p Q. q\ijo\hhìo _`qjdm omjpq`m piijpq`g �lpdgd]m` ìom` g\ m�_pôdji_` g~pn\b` _` g\ qjdopm` di_dqd_p`gg`bm�^` \p m`kjmo hj_\g ò g\hj_dad^\odji _`n ^ji_dodjin _`^dm^pg\odji ò _` no\odjii`hìodi_pdo` k\m g\ ijpq`gg`diam\nompôpm`

I`n kmjeòn pm]\din n`mjiog\mb`hìo _`nn`mqdn k\m g`n Q@)ojpo ì �o\io � g~jmdbdi` _~pi`^dm^pg\odji \pojhj]dg` _`nc\]do\ion ò om\q\dgg`pmn ò _\inpi` hjdi_m` h`npm` _`n pn\b`mn_p no\_`+

Bi _�q`gjkk\io g` ^jhh`m^` _`kmjsdhdo� ò ì a\^dgdo\io g`nom\inkjmon ì ^jhhpi) g`n kmjeònkjpmmjio �om` � g~jmdbdi` _~pi`_dhdipodji _`n �hdnndjin _` DBPm`nkjin\]g`n _p m�^c\paa`hìo^gdh\odlp`+

I`n àaòn ^phpg�n njio kjndodan)k\m g\ m�_pôdji � g~�^c`gg`m�bdji\g` _`n �hdnndjin _` @L/+

I`n h`npm`n njio _\in g\ i\opm`h�h` _`n kmjeòn+ @`kì_\io g`^jiom£g` ò g\ m�bpg\odji _`n om\ad^nmjpod`mn lpd n`mjio hdn ì kg\^`\pmjio pi àaò hj_�m\o`pm npm g`n�hdnndjin _` @L/+

D�jgjbd` Pjgn òPjpn*njgn

M\n _~àaò ì kc\n` `skgjdo\odjih\dn hdn` ì _�k£on _`n h\o�md\psjp m�c\]dgdo\odji _` ndo`n _\in g\m�bdji+

M\n _~àaò ì kc\n` `skgjdo\odjih\dn hdn` ì _�k£on _`n h\o�md\psjp m�c\]dgdo\odji _` ndo`n _\in g\m�bdji


I\ no\]dgdo� _`n njgn _`qm\ �om`npmq`dgg�`+

I` ^jh]g`hìo _` ^`mo\din ndo`nkjpmm\ k`mhòom` g`pm m�podgdn\odji+

M\n _` h`npm` k\mod^pgd�m`

B\ps npk`mad^d`gg`nM\n _~àaò _\in g\ h`npm` j¤ g`nnpma\^`n dhk`mh�\]dgdn�`n ^m��`nn`mjio a\d]g`n ì npma\^`+

I` kmjeò _` kmjgjib`hìo _p Q.\pbhìo` _` a\�ji ndbidad^\odq` g`nnpma\^`n dhk`mh�\]dgdn�`n+

I`n 6 kmjeòn qjio \pbhìo`m g`nnpma\^`n dhk`mh�\]dgdn�`n �g~�^c`gg` _p n`ô`pm

I\ _�kjggpodji _p ndo` di_pnomd`g q\k`mhòom` _~�qdo`m g` g`nndq\b` _`kjggp\io ò _`qm\do \dind ^jiomd]p`m� pi` \h�gdjm\odji _` g\ lp\gdo� _`n`\ps npk`mad^d`gg`n+

I`n àaòn ^phpg�n qdn*�*qdn _`n`\ps npk`mad^d`gg`n n`mjio k`pndbidad^\odan+

I`n kmjeòn km�qjdìo ^c\^pi g`pmnkmjkm`n h`npm`n _`^jhkìn\odji) ijo\hhìo kjpm g`kmjgjib`hìo _p Q.) g\ ^m�\odji _`qjgph`n _` m�oìodji _`n `\ps _`kgpd` ò kjpm g` kmjgjib`hìo _` g\I.1) g\ ^m�\odji _~pi ]\nndi _`^jhkìn\odji _p qjgph`_~`sk\indji _`n ^mp`n _` g\ P`di`

I`n h`npm`n lpd \^^jhk\bi`mjiog`n kmjeòn) k`mhòomjio _` m�bpg`mg`n �^jpg`hìon ò _` ^jin`mq`m g\lp\gdo� _`n `\ps npk`mad^d`gg`n+

B\ps njpo`mm\di`n

> kmdjmd g`n àaòn kjnnd]g`n ajiog~j]eò _` h`npm`n dio�bm�`n \pkmjeò+ M\m `s`hkg`)m�o\]gdnn`hìo _` g~�^jpg`hìonjpn g` opii`g) g` ^\n �^c�\io) k\mgdo _m\di\io+

Mjpm ojpn g`n kmjeòn g`n àaònkjnnd]g`n ajio g~j]eò _` h`npm`n+

@`mo\din kmjeòn _p n`ô`pm njiondop�n _\in jp � kmjsdhdo� _pk�mdh�om` _` kmjo`ôdjim\kkmj^c�` _p ^\ko\b` _~`\pkjo\]g` _` g\ ^jhhpi` _` K`pdggt*npm*P`di`+

A`n h`npm`n \^^jhk\bi`mjio g`nkmjeòn _~pm]\idn\odji ndi�^`nn\dm`+

> g~dh\b` _`n `\ps npk`mad^d`gg`n)g\ _�kjggpodji _p ndo` q\ �b\g`hìo\qjdm pi àaò kjndoda npm g\ lp\gdo�_` g\ i\kk`+

M\n _~àaòn ^phpg�n ijo\]g`n)^c\lp` jk�m\odji kmì\io ì^jhko` _\in n\ ^ji^`kodji g`nìe`ps ò ^jiom\dio`n gd�n �g~dhk`mh�\]dgdn\odji _`n njgn) \pmpdnn`gg`hìo ò � g~dio`m^`kodji _`n`\ps %ntno�h`n _` _m\di\b`)]\nndin _` m�oìodji ò _`^jiadi`hìo&+

I`n h`npm`n njio dio�bm�`n \ps_daa�mìon kmjeòn ^ji^`mi�n+

Odnlp`n i\opm`gnMmdn ì ^jhko` _\in g` kmjeò%diji_\odji) hjpq`hìo _` o`mm\di&

P`mjio kmdn ì ^jhko` P`mjio kmdn ì ^jhko` P`mjio kmdn ì ^jhko` M\n _` ^phpg+

I`n _daa�mìo`n h`npm`n kmdn`nkjpm kmjo�b`m g~�^jpg`hìo _`n^jpmn _~`\p kmì_mjio ì ^jhko`_`n _daa�mìon kmjeòn+


M\b` 502 , -,/3


g`n kgpn nìnd]g`n








Jdgd`ps i\opm`gn

I` kmjeò n~\^^jhk\bi` _`_`nompôdji _` npma\^`nq�b�o\gdn�`n gdhdo�`n ì o\dgg`n ògj^\gdn�`n � 1 ndo`n+

I` Q. \aa`ô` _`n k`gjpn`n ò _`namd^c`n _` a\�ji gj^\gdn�` ò pi\]\oo\b` gj^\gdn� _~\m]m`n %4./\m]m` \]\oopn&

I` kmjgjib`hìo _` g\ I.1) m�\gdn�ì njpn*o`mm\di i~\ \p^pi àaò npmg`n hdgd`ps i\opm`gn ì npma\^`+

@`n kmjeòn njio m�\gdn�n ì hdgd`ppm]\di lpd \]mdo` _`n kòdon `nk\^`nq�b�o\gdn�n jp npkkjmoìo _`najmh\odjin nkjio\i�`n_�q`gjkk�`n npm _`n amd^c`n+

Fg `no km�qp _\in g` ^\_m` _p kmjeò_~\h�i\b`hìo _`n lp\mod`mn@c`hdi _` g~Fg` ò O�kp]gdlp`) g\hdn` ì kg\^` _~pi` om\h` q`mo`^jhhpi\g` m`gd\io kgpnd`pmn`nk\^`n kp]gd^n ò \]jpodnn\io � g\P`di`) a\qjm\]g` \p_�q`gjkk`hìo _` g\ ]dj_dq`mndo�

Bi hdgd`p pm]\di \p^pi àaò i~`no\ooì_p+ I` kmjbm\hh`_~\h�i\b`hìo km�qjdo ì jpom`pi` om\h` q`mo` pm]\di` �kmjsdhdo�+

Qjpn g`n kmjeòn ^jhkmì_mjio piqjgò _` kmjo`ôdji ò _`km�n`mq\odji _p hdgd`p i\opm`g lpdqdn`m\ � gdhdo`m g`n àaòn _`bmdbijo\b` k\m m�_pôdji _`nhdgd`ps mpm\ps ò _`n `nk\^`n ìq�b�o\odji \]mdo\io c\]do\on ò`nk�^`n \idh\g`n+

@c\lp` kmjeò _`qm\do �om`\^^jhk\bi� _` h`npm`n _`^jhkìn\odji k`mhòo\io _`^jiajmo`m _`n `nk\^`n q�b�o\gdn�n)� kmjsdhdo� jp _\in g` ^jio`so`m�bdji\g+


I` kmjeò n`m\ om�n kjndoda qdn*�*qdn_`n pn\b`mn \ôp`gn _` g\ gdbi` >)_`n c\]do\ion _` g\ q\gg�` _` g\P`di` ì \h�gdjm\io g\ ^dm^pg\odji_`n Q@ _ji^ ì \gg�b`\io g`n^ji_dodjin _` qd` lpjod_dìi`+ M\m\dgg`pmn) g` kmjeò a\qjmdn`m\ g\m�c\]dgdo\odji pm]\di` ò g`_�q`gjkk`hìo pm]\di _` P`di`>q\g+

I`n _`ps bm\i_n kmjeòn qjio\kkjmo`m pi` \h�gdjm\odji nìnd]g`_`n ^ji_dodjin _` _�kg\^`hìo_\in g\ m�bdji+ Fgn jaamdmjio g`n^ji_dodjin _p _�nì^g\q`hìonj^d\g _`n k£g`n pm]\din dnjg�n ìa\qjmdn\io g~\^^�n \ps k£g`n_~\ôdqdo�n g\ _dq`mndad^\odji _` g\gj^\gdn\odji _` ^`n _`mid`mn+

@`n kmjeòn kmjado`mjio _`n bm\i_nkmjeòn _` _`nn`mo` k\m g` Q@ìqdn\b�n

Ri` ajdn g`n _`ps kmjeòn \^c`q�n)pi` \h�gdjm\odji _p ^\_m` _` qd`\q`^ g\ km�nì^` _` ^jhh`m^`n òg\ a\^dgdo� _~\^^�n \ps om\inkjmon`no \ooì_p`) \pbhìo\iog~\oom\ôdqdo� _p n`ô`pm+

I`n àaòn ^phpg�n njio om�nkjndodan _\in g\ h`npm` j¤ g\ijpq`gg` jaam` _` om\inkjmon n`m\ \pn`mqd^` _`n c\]do\ion ò _` g`pm_`h\i_` _` _�kg\^`hìo+ @òo`jaam` n`m\ kgpn _dq`mndad�`) kgpnm\kd_` ò kgpn ad\]g`+

I`n kmjeòn ì `ps*h�h`n^jinodopìo _`n h`npm`n ì a\q`pm_`n am\i^dgdìn+


I` kmjeò _` kmjgjib`hìo _`qm\doa\qjmdn`m g~dhkg\io\odji _~\ôdqdo�njp g` mìajm^`hìo _` g~\ôdqdo�`sdno\io` _\in g\ q\gg�` _` g\ P`di`ò _\in M\mdn) � I\ A�aìn`)x ì\h�gdjm\io g`n \^^�n+ M\m \dgg`pmn g`kmjgjib`hìo q\ n` om\_pdm` k\m g\^m�\odji _` kjno`n _~\bìon _`nom\inkjmon+

I~ìn`h]g` _`n kmjeòn njioa\qjm\]g`n � ^jiajmo`m g~`hkgjd ìa\qjmdn\io g~\^^�n \ps k£g`n_~`hkgjdn+

@`n 6 kmjeòn pm]\din jaamdmjio pi^`mo\di ijh]m` _~`hkgjdn+ >p no\_`ò \p kmjbm\hh` o`mod\dm` lpdg~\^^jhk\bi` ò _\in g~jk�m\odji_`n bmjpk`n lpd _`qm\dìo^jhkjmo`m _` g~\ôdqdo� o`mod\dm`+

I`n kmjeòn n`mjio ]�i�adlp`n ìo`mh`n _~`hkgjdn kpdnlp~dg `nokm�qp g\ ^m�\odji _` ^jhh`m^`n òlp` g\ _`nn`mo` ì om\inkjmon n`m\a\^dgdo�`+

I~ìn`h]g` _`n kmjeòn k\mod^dkìo_` g~\h�gdjm\odji _`n gd\dnjin kjpma\qjmdn`m g\ qd` �^jijhdlp`)ijo\hhìo _` g\ m�bdji Fg` _`Cm\i^`

I`n h`npm`n _�^jpgìo _`njmdìo\odjin _` _�q`gjkk`hìo _`n^jgg`ôdqdo�n k\m g~jaam`_~dhkg\io\odji 8


M\b` 503 , -,/3


g`n kgpn nìnd]g`n








A�kg\^`hìon

I` kmjeò q\ nìnd]g`hìo\h�gdjm`m g`n _�kg\^`hìon +_\ink\mdn ì \gg�b`\io g` OBO > ò _`k\mo ò _~\pom`n _` M\mdn ìom` g~Bnoò g~Lp`no ò a\qjmdn`m\ g~dio`m^jii`ôdjin \q`^ ^`mo\di`n gdbi`n_` Q@+ I\ gdbi` @) ijo\hhìo h\dn\pnnd Q0x

I`n \pom`n kmjeòn a\qjmdnìo g`n_�kg\^`hìon+

I` kmjgjib`hìo _` g\ gdbi` .1 q\ijo\hhìo k`mhòom` _` hd`ps_`nn`mqdm _`n n`ô`pmn ì_�q`gjkk`hìo _` M\mdn) @gd^ct*g\*D\mìi` ò P\dio*Lpì ò q\mìajm^`m g` h\dgg\b` _` om\inkjmon^jgg`ôdan m�bdji\ps ì \nnpm\ioijo\hhìo g\ ^jmm`nkji_\i^` _`g\ gdbi` .1 \q`^ g\ gdbi` @ _p OBO%]m\i^c` _` Mjiojdn`& ò gòm\hr\t _`n J\m�^c\ps %gdbi` Q0&+

I` kmjgjib`hìo _p Q. q\ lp\io �gpd k`mhòom` pi h\dgg\b` ìom\inkjmon ì ^jhhpi` _` g~Bnok\mdndì+

@`n kmjeòn kmjado`mjio _`n^ji_dodjin _` _�kg\^`hìon ì�o\io `ps*h�h`n b�i�m\o`pmn _`_�kg\^`hìon+

I\ km�nì^` _` g\ b\m` Ojn\ M\mfnq\ iòo`hìo \h�gdjm`m g`n^ji_dodjin _` _�kg\^`hìo npm g`n`ô`pm+

I`n àaòn ^phpg�n njio om�nndbidad^\odan ì h\od�m` _`_�kg\^`hìon+ I`n _�kg\^`hìonkì_pg\dm`n \ôp`gn a`mjio kg\^` �pi` m�k\mododji kgpmd kjg\dm` ò � pi`kjnnd]dgdo� _` hd`ps ^dm^pg`m npm g`n\s`n mjpod`mn+

Mjpm Ojn\ M\mfn) g\ kmjsdhdo�b�jbm\kcdlp` _`n gd`ps di_pdo pi`dio`ma\^` ^`mo\di` \q`^ g` kmjeòBjg`+

A~\dgg`pmn) g\ m`^jiq`mndji dio�bm`_�e� _\in nji kmjbm\hh` _`n\h�i\b`hìon a\qjmdn\io g~\^^�n� g\ apopm` b\m`+

I`n h`npm`n njio ^jioìp`n _\ing`n kmjeòn `ps*h�h`n+


M\b` 504 , -,/3


g`n kgpn nìnd]g`n








?mpdon qd]m\odjin

I` kmjeò n` om\_pdo k\m pi`\pbhìo\odji _`n idq`\ps njijm`n� kmjsdhdo� dhh�_d\o` _` g\ gdbi`_\in n\ k\mod` \�mdìi`+ @òo`\pbhìo\odji n`m\ g\mb`hìo^jhkìn�` � o`mh` k\m g`m`hkg\^`hìo _`n om\din @jm\dg k\m_`n h\o�md`gn hjdin ]mpt\ion %lpd_`qm\do dio`mqìdm � k\modm _`/-/-,/-/2 njdo g~cjmduji _` g\ hdn`ì n`mqd^` _~BLIB&+ A`nkmjo`ôdjin \^jpnodlp`n\^^jhk\bi`mjio g` kmjeò+

I` kmjgjib`hìo _p Q.) m�\gdn� ìnpma\^`) km�qjdo pi hj_` _`^ji^`kodji _` g\ qjd` _p om\hr\tg` kgpn a\qjm\]g` � g\ m�_pôdji � g\njpm^` _`n qd]m\odjin ò ]mpdonnjgd_dìn+

I` kmjgjib`hìo _` I .1 i~`no k\nb�i�m\o`pm _` ]mpdo ì npma\^` ò^jiomd]p`m\ k\m g`n m`kjmon hj_\ps� ^jioìdm jp \]\dnn`m g`n idq`\psnjijm`n _\in g`n n`ô`pmndhk\ô�n ì o`mh`n _`_�kg\^`hìon+

Bi m`q\i^c`) dg n`m\ njpm^` _`qd]m\odjin lpd) \p qp _p h\o�md`gpodgdn� %h�omj npm ki`ph\odlp`n&)i` _`qm\do k\n �om` _jhh\b`\]g`kjpm g` ]�od ò g\ n�^pmdo� _`nmdq`m\din

@`n kmjeòn njio kjoìod`gg`hìob�i�m\o`pmn _` ]mpdo _\in pi^jio`so` _�e� ]mpt\io+ A`n^dm^pg\odjin \pojhj]dg`n _`_`nn`mo` n`mjio km�nìo`n) \q`^_`n qdo`nn`n h\¡omdn�`n) _jiî~�h`mb`\io k\n _p ]mpdo \h]d\io+

I` no\_` _\in n\ ^ji^`kodji_~�lpdk`hìo hj_`mi` lpd dio�bm`g`n ipdn\i^`n lpd k`pqìo �om`ìbì_m�`n kmj_pdm\ _`n�hdnndjin njijm`n _p`n \psh\ida`no\odjin nkjmodq`n jp \pom`nh\dn ^jioìp`n ò _\in piìqdmjii`hìo dhh�_d\o k`pc\]do�+

@`n _`ps kmjeòn njiokjoìod`gg`hìo b�i�m\o`pmn _`]mpdo _\in pi ^jio`so` _�e�]mpt\io+

Fg i` _`qm\do t \qjdm bgj]\g`hìo _`^phpg \^jpnodlp` _`n _daa�mìonkmjeòn � g~`s^`kodji _` n`ô`pmngj^\gdn�n o`gn lp` g` n`ô`pm I\A�aìn`,K\io`mm`,@jpm]`qjd`

I`n h`npm`n njio ^jioìp`n _\ing`n kmjeòn `ps*h�h`n+

Np\gdo� _`g~\dm,M`majmh\i^`�i`mb�odlp`

I` kmjeò q\ n` om\_pdm` k\m pi`^`mo\di` _dhdipodji _`n �hdnndjinkjggp\io`n _p a\do _p m`kjmo hj_\g_` g\ qjdopm` di_dqd_p`gg` q`mn g`nom\inkjmon ì ^jhhpi lpd n`m\ìbì_m� k\m ^òo` ijpq`gg` jaam`^m��`+

I`n _`ps kmjeòn _~diam\nompôpm`nìbì_mìo _`n _dhdipodjin_~�hdnndjin kjggp\io`n k\m_�^jib`nodji _p om\ad^ mjpod`m

@`n kmjeòn pm]\din n`mjiob�i�m\o`pmn _~pi ^`mo\din om\ad^\pojhj]dg`) ojpo ì �o\io ]dì_`nn`mqdn k\m g`n Q@) ^jiomd]p\io �gdhdo`m g`n �hdnndjin kjggp\io`n+

@`mo\din kmjeòn _` ojpmn njio^ji�pn _\in pi` _�h\m^c` ENBò km�qjdìo _`n _dnkjndodank`majmh\ion qdn\io � m�_pdm` g`n^jinjhh\odjin %Qjpm Mc\m` ìk\mod^pgd`m&+

I` kmjeò _` b\m` q\ ìom\di`m pi`_dhdipodji _~�hdnndjin kjggp\io`nk\m _�^jib`nodji _p om\ad^ mjpod`m

I~ìn`h]g` _`n kmjeòn _`qm\doa\qjmdn`m g\ ]\dnn` _`n �hdnndjin_` kmj_pdon b\u`ps kjggp\ion+

I\ _dhdipodji _`n �hdnndjinkjggp\io`n k\m g\ _dhdipodji _p k\m^\pojhj]dg`) g\ h\¡omdn` _` g\qdo`nn` ò g~\h�gdjm\odji _`n^ji_dodjin _` ^dm^pg\odji %agpd_do�&^jiomd]pìo � ^jioìdm g\ kjggpodji_`n �hdnndjin b\u`pn`n\pojhj]dg`n+


M\b` 505 , -,/3

-,*.*4* =dWboi[ Z[i [\\[ji Ykckb�i [djh[ b[ fhe`[j AKHA [j b[ fhe`[j Z[ Z[ii[hj[ \bkl_Wb[Zk Y^Wdj_[h D[hc_jW][ � ?ekhX[le_[

I\ kmjsdhdo� _p kmjeò \dind lp` nji \hkg`pm jio ^ji_pdo � �op_d`m nk�^dadlp`hìo g`n àaòn ^phpg�n \q`^g` kmjeò Bjg`+

Lh�i[djWj_ed Zk fhe`[j Z[ Z[ii[hj[ \bkl_Wb[ Zk Y^Wdj_[h D[hc_jW][

I`n bm\i_`n gdbi`n _p kmjeò jio _�e� �o� km�nìo�`n km�^�_`hhìo _\in g` _j^phìo+

I~\^^ìo `no kjmo� d^d npm g\ _`nn`mo` agpqd\g` lpd q\ �om` i�^`nn\dm` kjpm \nnpm`m g` om\indo _~dhkjmo\ionqjgph`n _` h\o�md\ps _\in pi` uji` j¤ g\ ^dm^pg\odji mjpod�m` `no _�e� om�n _ìn`+

I` kmjeò `no gj^\gdn� g` gjib _p lp\d M\pg Ajph`m ì mdq` b\p^c` _` g\ P`di`) epno` ì \q\g _p kjio _`K`pdggt npm P`di` %MH .6+3--&) kjpm ^`g\ g` ^cì\g _` i\qdb\odji _jdo �om` _�^\g� g�b�m`hìo q`mn g\ mdq`_mjdo` %^£o� ¡g` _` Mpo`\ps&+ @` _�kg\^`hìo _p ^cì\g i�^`nndo`m\ g\ m�\gdn\odji _` om\q\ps _` _m\b\b`ò _` njpo�i`hìo _`n ]`mb`n+

I` ndo` �o\io ndop� � kmjsdhdo� _` g\ P`di` ì \q\g _p kjio _` K`pdggt*npm*P`di`) dg `no ìqdn\b� g\ hdn` ìkg\^` _~pi` _`nn`mo` kjpm g` om\ad^ agpqd\g gd� \ps \kkmjqdndjii`hìon _` ^c\iod`m ò � g~�q\^p\odji _`no`mm\nn`hìon ò _`n h\o�md\ps _` _�hjgdodji+

I` ojii\b` _` h\o�md\ps � a\dm` om\indo`m k\m g\ qjd` _~`\p `no `nodh� ìom` . ò .)2 hdggdjin+

>dind) g` kmjeò km�qjdo g\ m�\gdn\odji _~\h�i\b`hìon npm g` lp\d _` g\ P`di` \adi _` _`nn`mqdm g` ^c\iod`m7

" kd feij[ Z[ Y^Wh][c[dj+Z�Y^Wh][c[dj Z[i Yedle_i \bkl_Wkn \p _mjdo _p ^c\iod`m E`mhdo\b`Mg\u\+ @` kjno` `no gj^\gdn� ìom` g` kjio _` K`pdggt ò g`n jpqm\b`n _` kmdn`n _~`\p \kk\moì\io �g\ PR@+ A~pi gdi�\dm` _` 42 h�om`n) ^` kjno` n`m\ ^jinodop� _` 1 _p^n _~>g]` `nk\^�n _` /2 h ò_~pi md_`\p _` njpo�i`hìo ì k\gkg\i^c`n h�o\ggdlp`n 8

" kd feij[ ZrWjj[dj[ [j kd feij[ fekh bW Y[djhWb[ � X�jed _~ìqdmji /.- h�om`n gdi�\dm`n ì \q\g_p ndo` ^jhkjn� _` 6 _p^n _~>g]` `nk\^�n _` /2 h ìqdmji) ò _~pi md_`\p _` njpo�i`hìo ìk\gkg\i^c`n h�o\ggdlp`n+

Edj[h\WY[i Wl[Y b[ fhe`[j AKHA

Ppm g` n`ô`pm _p ^c\iod`m E`mhdo\b`) g` kmjeò BLIB k\nn` ì opii`g njpn g\ P`di`+

I~�q\^p\odji _`n _�]g\dn `no jmb\idn�` k\m om\inkjmo agpqd\g \pojpm _p kpdon >]m`pqjdm) kpdon ndop� �kmjsdhdo� _` g\ P`di` npm g\ ^jhhpi` _` @jpm]`qjd`+ Ri \^c`hdi`hìo _`n _�]g\dn `no �b\g`hìoi�^`nn\dm` k\m g\ mjpo` kjpm g`n n`ôdjin � g~`no _p kpdon D\h]òo\) kjpm g`n om\q\ps _~ìojii`hìo _` g\b\m` E\pnnh\ii*P\dio*I\u\m` \dind lp` kjpm g`n kpdon _` n`^jpmn+

Mjpm m\kk`g) g`n om\q\ps npm BLIB njio km�qpn _` /-.2 � /-//+

I` _�h\mm\b` _p ^c\iod`m _` _`nn`mo` agpqd\g` kjpm g` ^c\iod`m E`mhdo\b` `no km�qp _�]po /-.1 kjpm pi`_pm�` _` 3 \in+

B_]kh[ 0// 6 EcfbWdjWj_ed Zk fhe`[j Z[ Z[ii[hj[ \bkl_Wb[ � ?ekhX[le_[Pjpm^` 7 Bbdn %Bsom\do&

B_]kh[ 0/0 6 IeZ�b_iWj_ed Z[i _dijWbbWj_ediPjpm^` 7 Bbdn


M\b` 51, , -,/3

A\\[ji Ykckb�i [d f^Wi[ Y^Wdj_[h

; t [ X[ S UQ $ _ [ X_ Q ` _ [ a _ %_ [ X_

Baaòn ^phpg�n \kkm�cì_�nI`n o`mm`n `s^\q�`n _`n _`ps kmjeòn m`km�nìoìo pi` lp\iodo� iji i�bgdb`\]g` ò i�^`nndoìo _` km�qjdmk\m \iod^dk\odji g`n gd`ps _~�q\^p\odji ò _` noj^f\b`+ @c\lp` kmjeò \ a\do g~j]eò _~pi kc\n\b` km�^dnkjpm g` om\do`hìo _`n h\o�md\ps) i�\ihjdin g` ^phpg _`n _`ps k`po ìom\di`m pi` n\opm\odji kjiôp`gg`_`n uji`n _` noj^f\b` ò i�^`nndo` pi` ]jii` ^jjm_di\odji+

J`npm`nMjpm m�kji_m` � g\ _`h\i_` ijo\hhìo ì ndo`n _` _�k£on) pi` ^ji^`mo\odji ìom` g`n _daa�mìo`nh\¡omdn`n _~jpqm\b`n) njpn g\ m`nkjin\]dgdo� _~pi` ^jjm_di\odji m�bdji\g` `no i�^`nn\dm` kjpm c\mhjidn`m^òo` _`h\i_` ò gdhdo`m g`n àaòn _` ^ji^pmmì^`+

> ^` odom`) g\ Pj^d�o� _p Dm\i_ M\mdn \ àa`ôp� pi` �op_` _` m`^ìn`hìo _`n ndo`n _` _�k£o npn^`kod]g`n_` m`^`qjdm g`n _�]g\dn `som\don _` g\ k\mod` njpo`mm\di`+ @òo` �op_` ì gd]m` \^^�n npm nji ndo` dio`miòkjpmm\ �om` hdn` � kmjado kjpm g` ^cjds _p jp _`n ndo`n _` _�k£o _�adidoda _` ^`n _�]g\dn+

8 M a d _ a \ Q ^ RUO UQ XXQ _

Baaòn ^phpg�n \kkm�cì_�nI\ hdn` ì kg\^` _`n dino\gg\odjin i�^`nn\dm`n \p kmjeò E`mhdo\b` npm g` ]m\n ì mdq` b\p^c` _` g\ P`di`\ kjpm km`hd`m àaò _` hj_dad`m g�b�m`hìo g\ m�k\mododji _`n _�]don ìom` g`n _`ps ]m\n \p _mjdo _`n ¡g`n+

A`n ndhpg\odjin jio hjiom� lp` g~�g�q\odji _`n idq`\ps _~`\p ^jino\o�` npm g` ]m\n i\qdb\]g` `nodia�md`pm` \p ^ìodh�om`+

I`n \h�i\b`hìon i~jio k\n _~di^d_ì^` npm g`n idq`\ps _~`\p ì k�mdj_` _` Oòìp` Kjmh\g`+ @`^dn~`skgdlp` k\m g\ a\d]g` `hkmdn` _`n dino\gg\odjin _\in g` gdo hdi`pm k\m m\kkjmo \p idq`\p _` Oòìp`Kjmh\g`+ I\ n`ôdji hjpdgg�` q\md` ì a\do om�n k`p k\m m\kkjmo � g\ ndop\odji \ôp`gg`+

I~\bm\i_dnn`hìo _` g\ kg\oàjmh` kjpm g` kmjeò Bjg` i` _`qm\do k\n \bbm\q`m g\ ndop\odji ò _ji^ g`nàaòn ^phpg�n \ooì_pn njio a\d]g`n+

I` kmjeò E`mhdo\b` q\ i�^`nndo`m kì_\io g\ kc\n` om\q\ps _` a\dm` dio`mqìdm _`n ìbdin � kmjsdhdo� _`g\ P`di`) `no _ji^ _~\qjdm pi dhk\ô kjoìod`g npm g\ lp\gdo� _` g~`\p ì ^\n _` apdo` _~ct_mj^\m]pm`n+ I\m�\gdn\odji _p kjno` _` ^c\mb`hìo,_�^c\mb`hìo ò _` g\ ^ìom\g` � ]�oji i�^`nndo`m\ pi _m\b\b` kjpmn~\nnpm`m _~pi hjpdgg\b` _` 1).- h ò _`n _m\b\b`n _~ìomòdì kjpm h\dioìdm ^` hjpdgg\b` _pm\io g\_pm�` _p ^c\iod`m+

Fg ì n`m\ _` h�h` kjpm g~`soìndji _` g\ kg\oàjmh` Bjg`) i�\ihjdin g\ kg\oàjmh` E`mhdo\b` n`m\ _�e�^m��` ò dg i~t \pm\ _ji^ k\n _` ^ji^jhdo\i^` _`n om\q\ps npm ^` n`ô`pm+ P`pgn g`n _m\b\b`n _~ìomòdìnkm�nìo`mjio kjoìod`gg`hìo pi àaò ^phpg� �o\io _jii� lp` g\ npma\^` _` _m\b\b` n`m\ npk�md`pm` npmg` n`ô`pm _p a\do _`n _`ps kg\oàjmh`n+

J`npm`nI`n h`npm`n kmdnìo kjpm ^c\lp` kmjeò ò `skjn�`n _\in g`n _jnnd`mn Ijd npm g~`\p m`nk`ôdan k`mhòomjio_` gdhdo`m g`n àaòn npm g`n `\ps npk`mad^d`gg`n+I\ ^jjm_di\odji _`n _`ps kmjeòn ì \hjio q\ �b\g`hìo ^jiomd]p`m � gdhdo`m g`n àaòn ^phpg�n+

8 M a d _ [ a `Q ^ ^ M UZ Q _

Baaòn ^phpg�n \kkm�cì_�n@c\lp` ^c\iod`m k`po kjoìod`gg`hìo dhk\ô`m g\ m`nnjpm^` ì ^\n _~\^^d_ìo ìom\di\io pi` kjggpodji+I`n àaòn kjpmmjio �om` \bbm\q�n ì ^\n _` kjggpodjin hpgodkg`n npm g`n _daa�mìon ^c\iod`mn+ I\hpgodkgd^\odji _p mdnlp` gd� � g\ ndhpgo\i�do� _`n _`ps kmjeòn `no pi a\ô`pm \bbm\q\io _\in g\ uji`+Fg a\po ojpo _` h�h` ip\i^`m ì km�^dn\io lp` ^c\lp` kmjeò kmì_m\ g`n h`npm`n i�^`nn\dm`n kjpm �qdo`mg`n \^^d_ìon ò lp` g\ kmj]\]dgdo� _~\^^d_ìo ndhpgo\i� \t\io pi dhk\ô npm g\ m`nnjpm^` m`no` a\d]g`+

J`npm`nRi` ^jjm_di\odji _`n kc\n\b`n ò _`n h`npm`n � \kkgdlp`m gjmnlp` _`n kmjeòn _dnodiôn ojp^cìo g\h�h` i\kk` jp _`n i\kk`n kjpq\io ^jhhpidlp`m n`m\ � hòom` ì #pqm`+ Fg a\po �qdo`m lp` _`nkc�ijh�i`n i` n` ^jiepbpìo ì \hkgdad\io k\m `s`hkg` g` m\gìodnn`hìo jp ]\mm\b` _~�^jpg`hìo+I`n _daa�mìon ^c\iod`mn _`qmjio a\dm` g~j]eò _~pi `s\hì j¤ g`n om\q\ps � m�\gdn`m ò g`pm _�mjpg`hìo_`qmjio �om` ^jiamjio�n \adi _` km�qjdm g`n �qìop`gn àaòn ^jiepbp�n) g`pm dhkjmo\i^`) ò g` ^\n �^c�\iog`n h`npm`n � hòom` ì #pqm`+

E U_ ] a Q _ Z M à ^ Q X_

Baaòn ^phpg�n \kkm�cì_�nI`n kmjeòn njio ^ji^`mi�n k\m g` mdnlp` _~diji_\odji+I` mdnlp` _~diji_\odji i` _`qm\do k\n �om` \hkgdad� _p a\do _` g\ m�\gdn\odji ndhpgo\i�` _`n _daa�mìon kmjeònì P`di`+

J`npm`nI`n kmjeòn _` om\q\ps ì P`di` jp om\q`mn\io ^`mo\di`n kjmodjin _p m�n`\p ct_mjbm\kcdlp` n`mjio �`s\hdi`m _\in g`pm ìn`h]g` _` h\id�m` � �q\gp`m g`n �qìop`gg`n ^jin�lpì^`n ì ^\n _` ^mp`+ Fg n`m\q�mdad� g`n �qìop`gg`n ^jin�lpì^`n _` g\ km�nì^` _` kgpnd`pmn ^c\iod`mn _\in g` ^jpmn _~`\p npm g\hjio�` _`n `\ps+

@ UXUQ a d Z M à ^ Q X_I`n _`ps kmjeòn njio ndop�n ì hdgd`p pm]\di ò � ]jii` _dno\i^` _` ndo` kmjo�b� %o`gn lp` K\opm\ /---&+

K�\ihjdin g` ag`pq` ò g`n ]`mb`n _` P`di` ^jinodopìo pi ^jmmd_jm �^jgjbdlp` h\e`pm+I`n kmjeòn odìiìo ^jhko` _` g\ md^c`nn` m`g\odq` _`n hdgd`ps km�nìon ò g\ ^ji^jhdo\i^` _`n om\q\psnpm ^`mo\di`n uji`n i` _`qm\do k\n \qjdm _~àaòn npkkg�hìo\dm`n npm g` hdgd`p+

J`npm`n@c\lp` kmjeò n`m\ \^^jhk\bi� _` h`npm`n nk�^dadlp`n qdn\io) \p*_`g� _` g~�qdo`hìo) � m�_pdm` g~dhk\ôkjnnd]g` ò � ^jhkìn`m g\ _`nompôdji _` hdgd`ps k\m g`pm m`^jinodopodji) qjdm` k\m g~`soìndji _~`nk\^`ni\opm`gn _\in g\ m�bdji+

@c\lp` kmjeò n`m\ \^^jhk\bi� _` h`npm`n nk�^dadlp`n qdn\io) \p*_`g� _` g~�qdo`hìo) � m�_pdm` g~dhk\ôkjnnd]g` ò � ^jhkìn`m g\ _`nompôdji _` hdgd`ps k\m g`pm m`^jinodopodji) qjdm` k\m g~`soìndji _~`nk\^`ni\opm`gn _\in g\ m�bdji+

A` h\id�m` ^jhkg�hìo\dm` \ps kmj^�_pm`n km�\g\]g`hìo ìb\b�`n k\m PK@C O�n`\p) pi` _`h\i_`_` _�mjb\odji `s^`kodjii`gg` _` _`nompôdji ò,jp _` _�kg\^`hìo _~`nk�^`n kmjo�b�`n \p odom` _`n\mod^g`n I+1..*. ò I+ 1..*/ _p @j_` _` g~Biqdmjii`hìo %_jnnd`m @KMK& \ �o� _�kjn�` _�]po /-.3+ @òo`_`h\i_` ^ji^`mi` g`n `nk�^`n kmjo�b�`n lpd n`mjio dhk\ô�`n k\m g` kmjeò h\gbm� g\ hdn` ì kg\^` _`nh`npm`n _~�qdo`hìo ò _` m�_pôdji+A\in g` ^\_m` _` ^òo` _`h\i_`) _`n h`npm`n ^jhkìn\ojdm`n ò _~\^^jhk\bi`hìo n`mjio m�\gdn�`n+I`n h`npm`n ^jhkìn\ojdm`n qdnìo kmdi^dk\g`hìo � \^lp�mdm _`n o`mm\din npm g`nlp`gn pi` b`nodji _`n


M\b` 51- , -,/3

`nk\^`n i\opm`gn n`m\ hdn` ì kg\^`+ @`n h`npm`n ^jindnoìo �b\g`hìo � m�c\]dgdo`m ò,jp � ^m�`m _`nhdgd`ps i\opm`gn+ @`n h`npm`n jio �o� _�adid`n ò n`mjio hdn`n ì kg\^` njpn g\ ^ji_pdo` _p J\¡om`_~Lpqm\b` ò ì ^ji^`mo\odji \q`^ g\ Adm`ôdji O�bdji\g` ò Fio`m_�k\mo`hìo\g` _` g$Biqdmjii`hìo ò_` g$Bi`mbd` %AOFBB& ò g~ìn`h]g` _`n \_hdidnom\odjin ^jhk�oìo`n kjpm g\ _�adidodji _`n j]e`ôdan _`kmjo`ôdji+

@ji^`mi\io g` kmjeò _` _`nn`mo` agpqd\g` kjpm g` ^c\iod`m E`mhdo\b`) g` kmjeò km�nìo` pi dhk\ô i�b\odanpm g~`\p ò g` hdgd`p \lp\odlp`) ijo\hhìo gd� \ps _m\b\b`n ò � g\ hdn` ì #pqm` _p md_`\p _`k\gkg\i^c`n) ò kmjkjn` ì o\io lp` h`npm` ^jhkìn\ojdm` _` m`no\pm`m) npm 1-- h�om`n) g`n ]`mb`n npmg\ k\mod` \q\g _` g~¡g` _` Mpo`\ps+ I~\pojmdo� ìqdmjii`hìo\g` \ _`h\i_� � ^` lp` ^òo` h`npm`^jhkìn\ojdm` njdo �op_d�` kgpn ì _�o\dg+

C [ \ a XM Ù[ Z Q ` T M N U`M `

Baaòn ^phpg�n \kkm�cì_�nI\ m�\gdn\odji _` ^`n _`ps kmjeòn q\ ^ji^`mi`m _`n kjkpg\odjin mdq`m\di`n kì_\io g\ m�\gdn\odji _`nom\q\ps+ I`n ipdn\i^`n kjpmmjio �om` \hkgdad�`n ì o`mh`n _` ]mpdo ò _` ^dm^pg\odji ijo\hhìo+

Fg i` _`qm\do i�\ihjdin k\n t \qjdm _~dhkjmo\ion ^phpgn _~àaòn+

J`npm`nMjpm ^c\lp` kmjeò _`n h`npm`n nk�^dadlp`n _` kmjo`ôdji _` g\ qd` pm]\di` %^dm^pg\odji) n�^pmdo�) kmjkmò�_`n ndo`n)x& n`mjio hdn`n ì #pqm`+ Bo\io _jii� g\ kmjsdhdo� _`n _`ps ^c\iod`mn) pi` i�^`nn\dm`^jjm_di\odji `no � km�qjdm+

A`n m�pidjin nk�^dadlp`n m`g\odq`n \ps dio`ma\^`n ìom` g` ^c\iod`m BLIB ò g`n \pom`n ^c\iod`mnnpn^`kod]g`n _~�om` ì dio`ma\^` jio gd`p ojpn g`n hjdn+ I\ _`nn`mo` agpqd\g` _p ^c\iod`m E`mhdo\b` `nodio�bm�` \ps m�ag`sdjin+

8 Y \ X[ U_ Q ` M O Ùb U`t _

Baaòn ^phpg�n \kkm�cì_�nI\ m�\gdn\odji _`n _`ps kmjeòn n`m\ njpm^`n _~\ôdqdo� ò _~`hkgjdn npm g` n`ô`pm _` I\A�aìn`,K\io`mm`,@jpm]`qjd`+

I` ^phpg _` g\ m�\gdn\odji _`n kmjeòn q\ ^jiomd]p`m � _ti\hdn`m g`n om\q\ps kp]gd^n \q`^ g~àaò_~ìom\¡i`hìo npm _~\pom`n n`ô`pmn lp` ^`g\ npn^do`+

Mjpm ^`mo\din h\o�md`gn jp h\o�md\ps dg k`po npmqìdm _`n mò\m_n _~\kkmjqdndjii`hìo h\dn ^`g\ k`po �om`\iod^dk�+

J`npm`nI`n ìom`kmdn`n m�kji_mjio \ps ]`njdin+ I`n kmja`nndjin ^ji^`mi�`n k`pqìo \iod^dk`m npm g\ ]\n` _`nkc\n\b`n _` m�\gdn\odji+

7 t \ XM O Q Y Q Z `_

Baaòn ^phpg�n \kkm�cì_�nI`n _`ps kmjeòn m�\gdn�n _\in _`n n`ô`pmn m`g\odq`hìo kmj^c`n kjpmmjio \qjdm _`n n`ôdjin _~dodi�m\dm`n^jhhpi`n kjpm mèjdi_m` pi` uji` _` _�k£o+ A\in ^` ^\n g`n àaòn ^phpg�n k`pqìo �om` njpm^` _`k`mopm]\odjin+

J`npm`nLpom` g`n h`npm`n nk�^dadlp`n npm g` ^c\iod`m ò \pojpm _p ^c\iod`m %m�o\]gdnn`hìo _`n ^jhhpid^\odjin&_`n ^jjm_di\odjin _` ^dm^pg\odji %dodi�m\dm`n) k�mdj_`n& n`mjio � m�\gdn`m+

5 ^ a U`%I UN ^ M Ù[ Z _

Baaòn ^phpg�n \kkm�cì_�n@c\lp` kmjeò n`m\ njpm^` _` ]mpdo ò _` qd]m\odji npm g`pmn `hkmdn`n ò _\in pi ìqdmjii`hìo kgpn jphjdin kmj^c`+

J`npm`nRi` ^jjm_di\odji _`n ^c\iod`mn `no i�^`nn\dm` \adi _~\kkm�cì_`m g`n ^jin�lpì^`n _` ^phpg _~àaò ò_` kmjkjn`m g`n h`npm`n ^jmm`nkji_\io`n+ M\m `s`hkg`) pi` kmjbm\hh\odji _daa�m�`) jp \p ^jiom\dm`pi` gdhdo\odji _\in g` o`hkn _` ^`mo\di`n o�^c`n ]mpt\io`n+

D a M XU`t P Q XhM U^

Baaòn ^phpg�n \kkm�cì_�nI`n àaòn ìbì_m�n k\m g`n ^c\iod`mn n`mjio ndhdg\dm`n+I\ m�\gdn\odji _` ^`n ^c\iod`mn q\ kmj_pdm` pi` bm\i_` lp\iodo� _` @L /+ @ò àaò ì k�mdj_` ^c\iod`mn`m\ ^phpg\oda+

J`npm`nQjpo`n g`n njgpodjin ì o`mh`n _` h�ocj_`n ò _` h\o�md`gn n`mjio hdn`n ì #pqm` \adi _` gdhdo`m g`n�hdnndjin _` @L/+

E t _ Q M a d `Q O T Z U] a Q _

Baaòn ^phpg�n \kkm�cì_�n@`mo\din bm\i_n m�n`\ps o`^cidlp`n n`mjio om\q`mn�n ò _`qmjio �om` m�o\]gdn+Fg `no kjnnd]g` lp` ^`mo\din bm\i_n m�n`\ps o`^cidlp`n njdìo om\q`mn�n k\m g`n _`ps kmjeòn+

J`npm`nRi` ^jjm_di\odji ìom` g`n _daa�mìon h\¡om`n _~jpqm\b`n ò g`n n`mqd^`n b`nodjii\dm`n ì `s\hdi\io g\kmjbm\hh\odji _`n _`ps kmjeòn `no i�^`nn\dm`+

E U_ ] a Q _ `Q O T Z [ X[ S U] a Q _

Baaòn ^phpg�n \kkm�cì_�nI`n kmjeòn njio npn^`kod]g`n _` om\q`mn`m _`n n`ô`pmn _` mdnlp` o`^cijgjbdlp`+Fg n`m\ � q�mdad`m nd ^`n _`ps kmjeòn ^phpgìo g`pm kmjsdhdo� \q`^ _`n n`ô`pmn _` mdnlp` o`^cijgjbdlp`)h\dn ^`g\ `no k`p kmj]\]g`+

J`npm`nPd g` ^phpg `no \q�m�) g`n ^jin�lpì^`n _`qmjio �om` `s\hdi�`n ì ^jjm_di\odji+

G ^ M U`Q Y Q Z ` P Q _ P t O T Q `_

Baaòn ^phpg�n \kkm�cì_�nI`n _`ps kmjeòn podgdn`mjio g`n adgd�m`n \_\ko�`n+Fg n`m\ i�^`nn\dm` _` q�mdad`m g\ ^\k\^do� _`n adgd�m`n � m`^`qjdm g`n _�^còn _` ^c\iod`m+


M\b` 51. , -,/3

I`n _`ps ^c\iod`mn m�pidn m`km�nìoìo pi` lp\iodo� iji i�bgdb`\]g` _` _�^cò+ I` ^cjds _`n adgd�m`n _òm\do`hìo _`qm\ �om` ìqdn\b� g` kgpn \hjio kjnnd]g` kjpm �qdo`m g`n kc�ijh�i`n _` n\opm\odji _`nnompôpm`n+

J`npm`nRi` ^jjm_di\odji _`n _daa�mìon kmjeòn n`m\ � hòom` ì kg\^`+

A M b US M Ù[ Z

Baaòn ^phpg�n \kkm�cì_�n@ji^`mi\io g` ^c\iod`m E`mhdo\b`) ojpo`n g`n km`n^mdkodjin n`mjio kmdn`n \adi _` gdhdo`m g`n dhk\ôn npm g\i\qdb\odji+ Fgn n`mjio ijo\hhìo m�\gdn�n _` h\id�m` � i` k\n i�^`nndo`m _~\mm�o _` g\ i\qdb\odji+I`n om\q\ps n`mjio m�\gdn�n ì ^jgg\]jm\odji �omjdo` \q`^ SKC+ I` ^c\iod`m Bjg`) ò ijo\hhìo g~podgdn\odji_` g\ kg\oàjmh` A~EBOJFQ>DB \pm\ pi dhk\ô npkkg�hìo\dm` npm g\ i\qdb\odji _p � pi` \pbhìo\odji_` om\ad^ npm g\ P`di`+J`npm`nI`n km`n^mdkodjin _` i\qdb\odjin _`qmjio �om` kmdn`n kjpm g`n ]`njdin _` _`ps ^c\iod`mn+ I\ ^ji^`mo\odjihdn` ì kg\^` \q`^ SKC n`m\ h\dioìp`+

A\\[ji Ykckb�i [d f^Wi[ [nfbe_jWj_ed

Ri` ajdn g`n _`ps kmjeòn \^c`q�n) pi` \h�gdjm\odji _p ^\_m` _` qd` `no \ooì_p` _p a\do _p ^phpg _`n_`ps kmjeòn ì o`mh`n _~diam\nompôpm`+I` ^c\iod`m E`mhdo\b` kmjkjn`m\ _` ijpq`gg`n npma\^`n c\]do\]g`n \dind lp` _`n npma\^`n ^jhh`m^d\g`nò g` kmjeò Bjg` \h�gdjm`m\ g\ _`nn`mo` ì om\inkjmo _` g\ uji`+ I`n _`ps kmjeòn njio _ji^^jhkg�hìo\dm`n ò k\mod^dk` \ps h�h`n j]e`ôdan _` _�q`gjkk`hìo ò _~\h�gdjm\odji _p n`ô`pm+


M\b` 51/ , -,/3

-,*.*5* =dWboi[ Z[i [\\[ji Ykckb�i Z[ bW f^Wi[ . $Z[ JWdj[hh[ � IWdj[i)bW)Feb_[%


g`n kgpn nìnd]g`n



Dm\i_n kmjeòn _~diam\nompôpm` 7QDL ò ^m�\odji _p 0�h` o\]gd`m _`

g~>.0

Mmjeòn pm]\din gj^\gdn�n _pn`ô`pm _` Mjdnnt

Mmjeòn pm]\din gj^\gdn�n _pn`ô`pm _` J\io`n*g\*Gjgd`


D�jgjbd`) njgn ònjpn*njgn

I` kmjeò ^jhkjmo` om�n k`p_~`s^\q\odjin npm g` n`ô`pm ìom`K\io`mm` ò J\io`n*g\*Gjgd` m�\gdn�ì k\mod` \�mdìi`+

I`n om\q\ps n`mjio m�\gdn�nh\ejmdo\dm`hìo npm _`nkg\oàjmh`n `sdno\io`n n\inbm\i_` di^d_ì^` npm g`najmh\odjin b�jgjbdlp`n ì kg\^`+

P`pg g` kmjgjib`hìo _` g\ 0�h`

qjd` ìom` Bk£i`n*J�ud�m`n òJ\io`n*Po\odji q\ ìbì_m`m _`nom\q\ps _` o`mm\nn`hìondhkjmo\ion+

I\ m�podgdn\odji _` g\ bm\i_`lp\iodo� _` h\o�md\ps dnnpn _`n`s^\q\odjin _` g\ kc\n` . `no ì^jpmn _~�op_`n+

I\ kc\n` / _p kmjeò q\ b�i�m`mpi` lp\iodo� iji i�bgdb`\]g` _`h\o�md\ps lpd n`mjio) kjpm pi` k\mo\nnù hj_`no`) m�podgdn�n npm g`nn`ô`pmn _p kmjeò ì m`h]g\d) òkjpm g\ kgpn bm\i_` k\mo podgdn�nkjpm m`h]g\t`m _`n ndo`n �m�c\]dgdo`m ^jhh` _`n ^\mmd�m`n jphdn ì _�k£on+ I~�q\^p\odji _`nh\o�md\ps ò g`pm hdn` ì _�k£onkjpmmjio �om` m�\gdn�`n n`gjikgpnd`pmn hj_`n _` om\inkjmon 7 k\ma`m) k\m mjpo`) k\m qjd` i\qdb\]g` jpì ^jiepbp\io kgpnd`pmn _` ^`nhj_`n+

I` kmjeò ^jhkjmo` \pnnd _`nn`ô`pmn � m`h]g\t`m k\m _`nh\o�md\ps kjpq\io kmjqìdm _`bdo`n _~`hkmpio kgpn jp hjdin�gjdbi�n+

I` kmjeò QDL `no pi kmjeòa`mmjqd\dm` _` npma\^` m�podgdn\io ìbm\i_` k\mod` g`n `hkmdn`n`sdno\io`n _p m�n`\p a`mm� i\odji\g_` g\ Dm\i_` @`diopm` _` P\dio*D`mh\di D@ \p Qmd\ibg` _`n>h]\nn\_`pmn+

Ap Qmd\ibg` _`n >h]\nn\_`pmn �g\ b\m` _~>^c�m`n*Sdgg` OBO >) pi`qjd` _` otk` om\hr\t `no\h�i\b�`) k\m\gg�g` \ps qjd`n`hkmpio�`n k\m g` OBO >+

I`n o`mm\nn`hìon n`mjio \gjmngdhdo�n h\dn ^jhkjmo`mjio _`nhjpq`hìon _` o`mm`n qdn\io �hj_`g`m g` kmjadg _p kmjeò+ A`nh\o�md\ps n`mjio �q\^p�n ò_~\pom`n \kkjmo�n+

I` kmjeò _` qd\_p^ _` g~>.0 q\b�i`m`m pi `s^�_ìo _~ìqdmji.2- ---h0 _` _�]g\dn lpd n`mjioìqjt�n q`mn pi` adgd�m` \bm��` �kmjsdhdo� _p ^c\iod`m+


I\ kgpk\mo _`n ndo`n njio kjggp�n+



I\ m�\gdn\odji npm pi` k�mdj_`_~pi` _du\di` _~\ii�` _`n kmjeònq\ ìom\¡i`m _~dhkjmo\ion om\q\psì njpn*njgn n` om\_pdn\io k\mg~`som\ôdji) g~�q\^p\odji ò g\m�podgdn\odji jp g\ hdn` ì _�k£on_` hdggdjin _` h0 _` h\o�md\ps npm_dq`mn ndo`n _` g\ m�bdji jp \p*_`g�+

@`n `s^\q\odjin a`mjio kg\^` � _`njpqm\b`n ^ji�pn kjpm \nnpm`m g\no\]dgdo� _`n ajmh\odjin _p njpn*njg) ì kc\n` om\q\ps ò ì kc\n`_~`skgjdo\odji+

Mì_\io ^òo` k�mdj_`) _`no`mm\nn`hìon n`mjio jk�m�n npm_`n ndo`n ì npma\^` _\in _`nn`ô`pmn m`g\odq`hìo kmj^c`n+

I\ _`h\i_` ì h\o�md\ps q\ nòm\_pdm` k\m g~`skgjdo\odji _`^\mmd�m`n) _`n _�kg\^`hìon h�h`nd ^c\lp` kmjeò n~din^mdo _\in njik�mdh�om` kmjkm`+

@` otk` _~\ôdqdo� _` o`mm\nn`hìon`m\ � g~jmdbdi` _` _�kg\^`hìon òhj]dgdn\o`pm kjpm g`n ìom`kmdn`n^ji^`mi�`n+ I`n bdo`n _~`hkmpionò _` _�k£on m`^c`m^c�n ò om�n\ôdan+

Mjpm m�kji_m` � g\ _`h\i_ìjo\hhìo ì ndo`n _` _�k£on pi`^ji^`mo\odji ìom` g`n _daa�mìo`nh\¡omdn`n _~jpqm\b`n) njpn g\m`nkjin\]dgdo� _~pi` ^jjm_di\odjim�bdji\g`) n`m\ i�^`nn\dm` kjpmc\mhjidn`m ^òo` _`h\i_` ògdhdo`m g`n àaòn _` ^ji^pmmì^`+ >g~didod\odq` _p Dm\i_ M\mdn) pi`�op_` m`^ìn\io g`n ndo`n kjoìod`gn_` _�k£o _\in g\ m�bdji \ �o�m�\gdn�`+ > kmdjmd _`n \i^dìi`n^\mmd�m`n jp \pom`n bdo`n _~`hkmpio_` h\o�md\ps njio � ^jh]g`m+ I\^jii\dnn\i^` _` g`pm gj^\gdn\odjiò _` g`pm ^\k\^do� a\^dgdo`m\bm\i_`hìo g\ b`nodji _`nh\o�md\ps+ A~pi` h\id�m` b�i�m\g`dg n`m\ \pnnd m`^c`m^c� � m�podgdn`m\p h\sdhph g`n h\o�md\ps ìom`kmjeòn kjpm g\ m�\gdn\odji _`m`h]g\d n`gji g`pmn^\m\ô�mdnodlp`n+


M\b` 510 , -,/3


g`n kgpn nìnd]g`n




g~>.0




B\psnpk`mad^d`gg`n

I` kmjeò ^jhkmì_ _`n om\q\ps j¤g`n `\ps _` mpdnn`gg`hìo n`mjio �m`^p`dggdm ò � om\do`m \q\io g`pm mèò_\in g` hdgd`p+ Fg ^jhkmì_ \pnnd_`n om\q\ps _\in g\ P`di` ìom`K\io`mm` ò ?ùjin ò g` gjib _` g\P`di` ìom` �k£i` ò J�ud�m`n+@`n om\q\ps qjio gj^\g`hìo òo`hkjm\dm`hìo m`nom`di_m` g`n^ji_dodjin _` i\qdb\odji ò_~podgdn\odji _`n ^jpmn _~`\p òn~\^^jhk\bi`mjio _` km�^\podjinkjpm �qdo`m ojpo` kjggpodji k\m mèò_` h\o�md\ps jp h\od�m`n_\ib`m`pn`n+

I` kmjeò _` QDL i�^`nndo` _`hòom` ì #pqm` g`n km�^\podjini�^`nn\dm`n � g\ kmjo`ôdji _`n`\ps npk`mad^d`gg`n npm g`n ndo`n _`^c\iod`mn ò npm g`n dodi�m\dm`n _òm\inkjmon _`n h\o�md\ps jp \pom`nqdn*�*qdn _p m�n`\p ct_mjbm\kcdlp`ò _`n `nk\^`n \bmd^jg`n jp \pom`n+

I` kmjeò i` ojp^c` k\n_dm`ô`hìo _` ^jpmn _$`\p+

@ji^`mi\io g` qd\_p^ _` g~>.0) g`k�mdh�om` _p kmjeò n` omjpq` ìuji` q`mo` _p kg\i _` km�qìodji_p mdnlp` diji_\odji %MMOF& _` g\P`di` ò _` g~Ldn`+

@~`no pi n`ô`pm iji ^jinompôd]g`)lpd _jdo ^jin`mq`m n\ ajiôdji _`^c\hk _~`sk\indji _`n ^mp`n _` g\P`di`

I`n 5 kmjeòn pm]\din) i�^`nndoìo_` hòom` ì #pqm` g`n km�^\podjin^g\nndlp`n qdn*�*qdn _pmpdnn`gg`hìo npm g`n `hkmdn`n ìom\q\ps kjpm �qdo`m lp` _`nn`ô`pmn njdìo diji_�no`hkjm\dm`hìo ò lp` _`n `\ps^c\mb�`n _` kmj_pdon kjggp\ion i`qdìiìo dhk\ô`m g` hdgd`p+

I`n 2 kmjeòn pm]\din) i�^`nndoìo_` hòom` ì #pqm` g`nkm�^\podjin ^g\nndlp`n qdn*�*qdn _pmpdnn`gg`hìo npm g`n `hkmdn`n ìom\q\ps kjpm �qdo`m lp` _`nn`ô`pmn njdìo diji_�no`hkjm\dm`hìo ò lp` _`n `\ps^c\mb�`n _` kmj_pdon kjggp\ion i`qdìiìo dhk\ô`m g` hdgd`p+

I~ìn`h]g` _`n àaòn n`mjiogj^\gdn�n \ps \]jm_n _`n ^c\iod`mnò h\¡omdn�n npm ^c\lp` ndo`+

I`n om\q\ps ì ]jm_pm` _` P`di`%^ìom` ^jhh`m^d\g AB@H 45) W>@B^jkjg` P`di` >q\g& njio om�nkmj^c`n g`n pin _`n \pom`n) ^` lpd\pbhìo` g`n mdnlp`n _~àaòn^phpg�n+

@c\lp` kmjeò n`m\ \^^jhk\bi�_` h`npm`n nk�^dadlp`n qdn\io �^jgg`ô`m g`n `\ps _p ^c\iod`m) ��qdo`m ojpo mdnlp` _` kjggpodji _`n`\ps npk`mad^d`gg`n ò ojpo mdnlp`_~diji_\odji+ >p^pi` h`npm`nk�^dadlp` i~`no i�^`nn\dm`+

B\ps njpo`mm\di`n

Ppm g` k�mdh�om` _` g\ kc\n` /) g`nom\q\ps njio \�mdìn+ I`n àaòn npmg`n `\ps njpo`mm\di`n njio _` ^à\do gdhdo�n+

A~pi` h\id�m` b�i�m\g` g\ hdn` ì#pqm` _p kmjeò npm ojpn g`n ndo`n_` om\q\ps \�mdìn n`m\\^^jhk\bi�` _`n km�^\podjin^jhhpi`n � g\ kmjo`ôdji _`n`\ps npk`mad^d`gg`n qdn\io � hòom`ì kg\^` pi \nn\didnn`hìo%kmjqdnjdm` jp _�adidoda& \adi _~�qdo`mlp` _`n `\ps kjggp�`n mèjdbiìo g`m�n`\p ct_mjbm\kcdlp` jpk`m^jgìo _\in g`n njgn ì mdnlp\io_` kmj_pdm` _`n àaòn npm g`n `\psnjpo`mm\di`n+

I` kmjeò \�mdì QDL kjpmm\^£ojt`m g`n i\kk`n n`gji nji kmjadgì gjib %Ajnnd`m Ijd npm g~`\p ijiì^jm` mì_p kp]gd^&

@ji^`mi\io g` qd\_p^ _` g~>.0)_`ps i\kk`n kmdi^dk\g`n njiokm�nìo`n ì npma\^` \p idq`\p _pk�mdh�om` _p kmjeò



I` ndo` ìqdn\b� kjpm g\ W>@ _` g\@jp_m\d` `no ndop� � kmjsdhdo�dhh�_d\o` _~pi ^\ko\b`_~\gdhìo\odji ì `\p kjo\]g`+



I`n ndo`n ìqdn\b�n kjpm g\ W>@J\io`n Fiijq\k\m^) W>@ _p ^jdi_p ^c�i` ò kmjeò _àm\i^cdnn`hìo njio di^gpn _\ing~\dm` _~\gdhìo\odji _~pi _`n nds^\ko\b`n _` g\ @>JV _�njmh\dndio�bm�` \p n`di _` g\ DMPL+

A`n àaòn k`pqìo �om` ^phpg�n \p_mjdo _` g\ i\kk` _` g\ P`di`)ijo\hhìo kjpm g`n kmjeòn _` g\]jp^g` _` @c\io`gjpk+

@c\lp` ^c\iod`m km�qjdo _`nh`npm`n \adi _` _dhdip`m g` mdnlp`_` kjggpodji \^^d_ìo`gg` ò _`k`mopm]\odji _`n �^jpg`hìonnjpo`mm\din+ >p^pi` h`npm`nk�^dadlp` i~`no i�^`nn\dm`


M\b` 511 , -,/3


g`n kgpn nìnd]g`n




g~>.0




Odnlp`n i\opm`gn

Bi kc\n` ^c\iod`m) g\ m�\gdn\odji _pkmjeò k`po �om` ^jiamjio�`kmdi^dk\g`hìo \p mdnlp`_~diji_\odji _\in g`n n`ô`pmn _`MMOF _\in jp ì ]jm_pm` _` P`di`ò _`n ^jpmn _~`\p om\q`mn�n^jhh` g\ J\pg_m` ò \p mdnlp` _`hjpq`hìon _` o`mm\din)ijo\hhìo ì q\gg�` _` P`di`

I` kmjeò QDL i~`no ^ji^`mi� k\m\p^pi mdnlp` _~diji_\odji gd� \p_�]jm_`hìo _` ^jpmn _~`\p+

@`mo\din n`ô`pmn njio nìnd]g`nqdn*�*qdn _`n m`hjio�`n _ì\kk`n) ì k\mod^pgd`m \p idq`\p _`g\ kg\di` _` S`mn\dgg`n) ijo\hhìo� kmjsdhdo� _p k\m^ _` S`mn\dgg`n ò_` P\dio*@tm*g~B^jg`+

Np\io \p qd\_p^ _` g~>.0) g`k�mdh�om` _p kmjeò n` omjpq` ìuji` q`mo` _p kg\i _` km�qìodji_p mdnlp` diji_\odji %MMOF& _` g\P`di` ò _` g~Ldn`+

I\ kgpk\mo _`n kmjeòn njio ndop�nì uji` diji_\]g` ò ^`mo\din njionjphdn \ps _dnkjndodjin _p MMOFP`di` ò Ldn`

I` kmjeò _` W>@ B^j*lp\mod`magpqd\g � J\io`n*g\*Gjgd` ò Ojnit*npm*P`di` `no ndop� ì uji`diji_\]g` ò njphdn \ps_dnkjndodjin _p MMOF P`di` ò Ldn`

I` mdnlp` _~diji_\odji i` _`qm\dok\n �om` \hkgdad� _p a\do _` g\m�\gdn\odji ndhpgo\i�` _`n_daa�mìon kmjeòn ì ]jm_ _` P`di`+P`pgn g`n ijh]m`ps ndo`n _pn`ô`pm _` g\ ]jp^g` _` @c\io`gjpknjio npn^`kod]g`n _~\pbhìo`m g`nmdnlp`n _~àaòn ^phpg�n qdn*�*qdn_`n mdnlp`n i\opm`gn+

I`n kmjeòn ìbì_m\io _`nm`h]g\dn ì uji` diji_\]g`km�qjdìo _`n jpqm\b`n _`^jhkìn\odji _` a\�ji � n\odna\dm`g`n `sdbì^`n _p MMOF+

I`n kmjeòn _` om\q\ps ì P`di` jpom\q`mn\io ^`mo\di`n kjmodjin _pm�n`\p ct_mjbm\kcdlp` n`mjio �`s\hdi`m _\in g`pm ìn`h]g` _`h\id�m` � �q\gp`m g`n �qìop`gg`n^jin�lpì^`n ì ^\n _` ^mp`+ Fgn`m\ q�mdad� g`n �qìop`gg`n^jin�lpì^`n _` g\ km�nì^` _`kgpnd`pmn ^c\iod`mn \ps \]jm_n _`n^jpmn _~`\p npm g\ hjio�` _`n`\ps+

Jdgd`ps i\opm`gn

I\ m�\gdn\odji _p kmjgjib`hìon~\^^jhk\bi` _` g\ _`nompôdji_~`hkmdn`n i\opm`gg`n om�ngj^\gdn�`n ò gdhdo�`n ì npma\^`+@`g\ ^ji^`mi` g`n mdq`n _`K\io`mm` ò ?ùjin) ojp^c` g~¡g`P\dio*J\modi) g` gjib _` g\ n`di`ìom` �k£i` ò J�ud�m`n ò �J\io`n+

I` QDL m`^jpk` pi ^jmmd_jmajiôdjii`g _daapn \p n`di _pm�n`mqjdm _` ]dj_dq`mndo� _` g\njpn*om\h` \m]jm�` ì ajm�o _`P\dio*D`mh\di

Mjpm g` qd\_p^) _` ijh]m`pn`n`nk�^`n _` a\pi` kmjo�b�` njiom`^ìn�`n 7 omjdn `nk�^`n_~din`ô`n) nds _~\hkcd]dìn)

pi` _` m`kodg`) 0. `nk�^`n_~jdn`\ps) ^dil _` ^cdmjko�m`n+ I`nìe`ps n` ^ji^ìomìo npm g\^\mmd�m` _` Dp`mqdgg`) \dind lp` npmg`n k`gjpn`n n�^c`n ò kdjiid�m`n_\in g` ^\n _`n din`ô`n+

I` ^jio`so` _` ^`n 5 jk�m\odjin `no`nnìod`gg`hìo pm]\di \q`î�\ihjdin g\ km�nì^` _~c\]do\onn` m�q�g\io dio�m`nn\ion _~pi kjdio_` qp` �^jgjbdlp` ^jhko` oìp _`g\ kmjsdhdo� dhh�_d\o` _` g\ P`di`+I`n ndo`n ìqdn\b�n \]mdoìo kjpmog\ kgpk\mo _`n c\]do\on ò `nk�^`n �ìe`ps 7 g` ndo` ìqdn\b� kjpm g`^ìom` ^jhh`m^d\g AB@H 45 \]mdo`_`n `nk�^`n kmjo�b�`n _~jdn`\ps)_` ^c\pq`*njpmdn ò _` g�u\m_n+

I` ndo` ìqdn\b� kjpm g\ W>@ _` g\@jp_m\d` \]mdo` �b\g`hìo _`n`nk�^`n a\pidnodlp`n kmjo�b�`n)\dind lp~pi` `nk�^` q�b�o\g` m\m`h\dn iji kmjo�b�`+

I` ndo` ìqdn\b� kjpm g\ W>@J\io`n Fiijq\k\m^ ò g`n _`pskmjeòn \ooì\io %W>@ _p ^jdi _p@c�i` ò am\i^cdnn`hìo _`nqjd`n& \]mdoìo _`n c\]do\on ò`nk�^`n � ìe`ps+

I` ndo` _` g\ W>@ _` D\mbìqdgg`\]mdo` kgpnd`pmn `nk�^`nkmjo�b�`n) i�\ihjdin g` JL>`nodh` lp` g`n ìe`ps �^jgjbdlp`nnjio a\d]g`n+

I` kmjeò _` W>@ B^jlp\mod`mBLIBP � `no �b\g`hìo ^ji^`mi�k\m g\ km�nì^` _~`nk�^`nkmjo�b�`n+

I\ kgpk\mo _`n kmjeòn ^ji^`mi�nnjio �gjdbi�n g`n pin _`n \pom`n) òojp^c`mjio _`n n`ô`pmn ndibpgd`mnn\in diagpì^` ì h\od�m` _` hdgd`pi\opm`g g`n pin _`n \pom`n+

I`n kmjeòn gj^\gdn�n npm g` n`ô`pm_` g\ ?jp^g` _` @c\io`gjpk njiolp\io � `ps m`g\odq`hìo kmj^c`nh\dn g` n`ô`pm `no _�e� ajmo`hìopm]\idn�+

I~àaò lpd ^ji^`mi` k`p g` kmjeòBLIB `no ^`gpd _` ^phpg`m) _p a\do_`n kmjeòn _` npma\^`) g\om\inajmh\odji _` npma\^`ni\opm`gg`n ì `hkmdn`n_~diam\nompôpm`+

@c\lp` kmjeò n`m\ \^^jhk\bi�_` h`npm`n nk�^dadlp`n qdn\io) \p*_`g� _` g~�qdo`hìo) � m�_pdm`g~dhk\ô kjnnd]g` ò � ^jhkìn`m g\_`nompôdji _` hdgd`ps k\m g`pmm`^jinodopodji+ I`n h`npm`nk`pqìo n` om\_pdm` \p adi\g k\m g\^jiajmo\odji _` hdgd`ps i\opm`gnkgpn jp hjdin _�bm\_�n+

I`n h\¡om`n _~jpqm\b` _` ^c\lp`jk�m\odji n`mjio oìpn _~ìb\b`mpi` kmj^�_pm` _` _�mjb\odji) _\ing\ h`npm` j¤ g`n _daa�mìon ndo`nìqdn\b�n kjpm g`n om\q\ps \]mdoìo_`n `nk�^`n kmjo�b�`n+ I`n_`h\i_`n _` _�mjb\odji a`mjiog~j]eò _~pi` dinompôdji k\m g\@jhhdnndji i\odji\g` _` g\kmjo`ôdji _` g\ i\opm`+


M\b` 512 , -,/3


g`n kgpn nìnd]g`n




g~>.0





I\ m�\gdn\odji _p kmjgjib`hìoi~`no npn^`kod]g` _` b�i`m lp~piijh]m` m�_pdo _~c\]do\ion _\in g\h`npm` j¤ g` kmjeò `no ì bm\i_`k\mod` m�\gdn�) njdo npm _`n `hkmdn`na`mmjqd\dm`n njdo ì njpn*njg+ I`nndo`n g`n kgpn ^ji^`mi�n njio\pojpm _` g\ b\m` �q\ibdg`) pi` mp`jp pi \pom` ndo` � kmjsdhdo� _` g\b\m` n\dio*I\u\m`) ì ]jm_pm` _`nkpdon � M\mdn) K`pdggt) @jpm]`qjd`)Mjdnnt) J\io`n+




I`n mdq`m\din n`mjio ^ji^`mi�nn`gji g`pm n`ô`pm) dg i` _`qm\do k\nt \qjdm _~dhkjmo\ion ^phpgn_~àaòn+ Mjpm g\ kc\n` /) ^~`no npmg` n`ô`pm _` Mjdnnt lp` n`^ji^ìomìo g\ h\e`pm` k\mod` _`nkmjeòn+

Mjpm ^c\lp` kmjeò _`n h`npm`nnk�^dadlp`n _` kmjo`ôdji _` g\ qd`pm]\di` %^dm^pg\odji) n�^pmdo�)kmjkmò� _`n ndo`n)x& n`mjio hdn`nì #pqm`+ Pd _`n ^c\iod`mn njiom�\gdn�n _\in _`n n`ô`pmn kmj^c`npi` i�^`nn\dm` ^jjm_di\odji `no �hòom` ì #pqm`+


I\ m�\gdn\odji _p kmjeòn~\^^jhk\bi`m\ _` g\ hj]dgdn\odji_~pi k`mnjii`g dhkjmo\io _`nom\q\ps kp]gd^n %k`mh\iìon òo`hkjm\dm`n& \p*_`g� ^` ^c\iod`m`no b�i�m\o`pm _~\ôdqdo� _\in gò`mm\nn`hìo) g`n ^\mmd�m`n) g`nh\o�md\ps _` ^jinompôdji)^dhìo`md`n) h\o�md`gn _` om\q\pskp]gd^n) q�cd^pg`n) kì_\io g`n\ii�`n _` m�\gdn\odji _p kmjeò+I`n n`mqd^`n gj^\ps %m`no\pm\odji)c£o`gg`md`x& n`mjio \pnnd]�i�ad^d\dm`n n~dgn i` njio k\nb�i�n+

I\ m�\gdn\odji _` ^` bm\i_ kmjeòn`m\ \pnnd njpm^`n _~\ôdqdo� ò_~`hkgjdn kjpm g\ m�bdji ò \p*_`g�+

I\ m�\gdn\odji _` ^`n 5 ^c\iod`mnn`m\ \pnnd njpm^`n _~\ôdqdo� ò_~`hkgjdn+

Pjpm^` _~\ôdqdo� k\m g` ^c\iod`m^jhh` kjpm g`n \pom`n kmjeòn+

I` ^phpg _` g\ m�\gdn\odji _`kmjeòn q\ ^jiomd]p`m � _ti\hdn`mg`n om\q\ps kp]gd^n \q`^ g~àaò_~ìom\¡i`hìo npm _~\pom`nn`ô`pmn lp` ^`g\ npn^do`+

Mjpm ^`mo\din h\o�md`gn jph\o�md\ps dg k`po npmqìdm _`nmò\m_n _~\kkmjqdndjii`hìo h\dn^`g\ k`po �om` \iod^dk�+

I`n ìom`kmdn`n m�kji_mjio \ps]`njdin+ J\dn g`n kmja`nndjin^ji^`mi�`n k`pqìo \iod^dk`m npmg\ ]\n` _`n kc\n\b`n _`m�\gdn\odji+

A�kg\^`hìon

I` kmjeò `no m�\gdn� ì bm\i_`k\mod` npm _`n diam\nompôpm`n`sdno\io`n ò njpn ^dm^pg\odji+ I`n^jin�lpì^`n n`mjio ^dm^jin^mdo`n\p k�mdh�om` gpd* h�h`+ I` kmjeòq\ ìbì_m`m _`n ^dm^pg\odjin _`^\hdjin lpd n`mjio ^`kì_\iogdhdo�`n ì ijh]m` _` q�cd^pg`n ònpm _`n n`ô`pmn gdhdo�n+

I` kmjeò QDL ò ^`gpd _p qd\_p^kmj_pdmjio g` h�h` otk` _~àaòn)kgpn jp hjdin dhkjmo\ion n`gji g`nhj_`n _~�q\^p\odji jp_~\kkmjqdndjii`hìo mòìpn+

J�h` otk` _~àaòn \nnù gj^\gdn�n

Kjo\hhìo kjpm ojpn g`n kmjeòn_` g\ ]jp^g` _` @c\io`gjpk+

J�h` otk` _~àaòn \nnùgj^\gdn�n+

I`n kmjeòn m�\gdn�n kjpm ^`mo\din_\in _`n n`ô`pmn m`g\odq`hìokmj^c`n kjpmmjio \qjdm _`nn`ôdjin _~dodi�m\dm`n ^jhhpi`nkjpm mèjdi_m` pi` uji` _` _�k£o+A\in ^` ^\n g`n àaòn ^phpg�nk`pqìo �om` njpm^` _`k`mopm]\odjin

Lpom` g`n h`npm`n nk�^dadlp`n npmg`n ^dm^pg\odjin npm g`n ndo`na`mmjqd\dm`n) npm g` ^c\iod`m ò\pojpm _p ^c\iod`m %m�o\]gdnn`hìo_`n ^jhhpid^\odjin& _`n^jjm_di\odjin _` ^dm^pg\odji%dodi�m\dm`n) k�mdj_`n& n`mjio �jmb\idn`m+


M\b` 513 , -,/3


g`n kgpn nìnd]g`n




g~>.0




?mpdo*Sd]m\odjin

I\ m�\gdn\odji _p kmjeò q\ìbì_m`m gj^\g`hìo npm _`nk�mdj_`n q\md\]g`n _`n ]mpdon ò _`nqd]m\odjin gd�n \ps _daa�mìo`no�^c`n _` ^c\iod`m %^m`pn`hìo)_�hjgdodji) ^dm^pg\odji) �q\^p\odji_` h\o�md\ps) x&

@c\lp` kmjeò n`m\ �b\g`hìonjpm^` _` ]mpdo ò _` qd]m\odji npmg`pmn `hkmdn`n ò _\in piìqdmjii`hìo kgpn jp hjdinkmj^c`+



Mjiôp`gg`hìo) k\m `s`hkg` npm g`n`ô`pm _` Mjdnnt) _`n àaòn npm g`]mpdo ò g`n qd]m\odjin kjpmm\dìo n`^phpg`m+

Ri` ^jjm_di\odji _`n ^c\iod`mn `noi�^`nn\dm` \adi _~\kkm�cì_`m g`n^jin�lpì^`n _p ^phpg _~àaò ò_` kmjkjn`m g`n h`npm`n^jmm`nkji_\io`n+

@c\lp` ^c\iod`m n`m\ oìp _`m`nk`ô`m g\ m�bg`hìo\odji ìh\od�m` _` ]mpdo _` ^c\iod`m+ I`Mm�aò ò g`n h\dm`n n`mjio diajmh�n_p _�mjpg`hìo _`n _daa�mìonom\q\ps ò kjpmmjio �hòom` _`nkm`n^mdkodjin k\mod^pgd�m`n+

Pd i�^`nn\dm`) PK@C O�n`\p^jio\ô`m\ g`n _daa�mìon h\¡om`n_~jpqm\b` ^ji^`mi�n \adi _` hòom`ì kg\^` \q`^ `ps pi` ^jjm_di\odji_`n ^c\iod`mn _` a\�ji � m�_pdm` g`nipdn\i^`n njijm`n ò qd]m\ojdm`n+

Np\gdo� _` g~\idm

I` ^c\iod`m `no kjoìod`gg`hìokmj_pô`pm _` kjpnnd�m` h\dn _`nh`npm`n \_\ko�`n ì gdhdoìo g`nàaòn+

Ri ^c\iod`m ^jhh` g`kmjgjib`hìo �hò pi` \nnùbm\i_` lp\iodo� _` @L/+

I`n àaòn ìbì_m�n k\m g`^c\iod`m _` g\ QDL ò ^`gpd _pqd\_p^ n`mjio ndhdg\dm`n) _~\po\iokgpn lp~dg n~\bdo _~pi kmjeò \�mdì+

I`n _�kg\^`hìon _~ìbdin _`^c\iod`m njio �b\g`hìo njpm^`n_~�hdnndjin _` kjpnnd�m`n+



I\ m�\gdn\odji _` ^`n ^c\iod`mn q\kmj_pdm` pi` bm\i_` lp\iodo� _`@L/+ @ò àaò ì k�mdj_` ^c\iod`mn`m\ diq`mn� \km�n hdn` ì n`mqd^`_`n kmjeòn _` om\inkjmon ì^jhhpi lpd k\mod^dk`mjio �\]\dnn`m g`n qjgph`n _` @L/ �hdn+

I`n �hdnndjin �hdn`n k\m ^c\lp`^c\iod`m njio o`hkjm\dm`n òi�bgdb`\]g`n+ I`n ijpq`\ps^c\iod`mn n~àajm^ìo _` m�_pdm` \ph\sdhph g`n �hdnndjin _` b\u �àaò _` n`mm`) k\m g~podgdn\odji _`h\o�md`g %ìbdin _` ^c\iod`mijo\hhìo& ì ]ji �o\o ò^jmm`ô`hìo ìomòìp ò k\m g\gdhdo\odji _`n _�kg\^`hìon \pnomdô i�^`nn\dm`+>p^pi` h`npm` nk�^dadlp` i~`noi�^`nn\dm`+

O�n`\pso`^cidlp`n





Fg `no kjnnd]g` lp` ^`mo\din bm\i_nm�n`\ps o`^cidlp`n _` om\inkjmonnjdìo om\q`mn�n k\m kgpnd`pmnkmjeòn) ijo\hhìo npm g` n`ô`pm_` g\ ?jp^g` _` @c\io`gjpk+

Ri` ^jjm_di\odji ìom` g`n_daa�mìon h\¡om`n _~jpqm\b`n ò g`nn`mqd^`n b`nodjii\dm`n ì`s\hdi\io g\ kmjbm\hh\odji _òjpn g`n kmjeòn `no i�^`nn\dm`+


M\b` 514 , -,/3


g`n kgpn nìnd]g`n




g~>.0




Odnlp`no`^cijgjbdlp`n

I` kmjeò `no ndop� � kmjsdhdo� _~pin`ô`pm _` m�n`mqjdmn � K\io`mm`)_` ndgjn � J\io`nx

I` kmjeò QDL i~`no k\n njphdn \pmdnlp` o`^cijgjbdlp`+

I` kmjeò _` qd\_p^ `no ì k\mod`ndop� npm g` k�mdh�om` _~pi`dino\gg\odji ^g\nn�` kjpm g\kmjo`ôdji _` g~ìqdmjii`hìo%F@MB& _p bmjpk` I\a\mb`

@`mo\din kmjeòn njio ndop�n �kmjsdhdo� _~F@MB ìajiôdjii`hìo %iji P`q`nj&

@`mo\din kmjeòn njio ndop�n �kmjsdhdo� _~F@MB ìajiôdjii`hìo ò g` ndo` _` g\ W>@I`n c\pon _` O\ibdkjmo `no ndop� �kmjsdhdo� _~pi` \ôdqdo� P`q`nj+

Fg n`m\ � q�mdad`m nd ^`mo\din kmjeòn^phpgìo g`pm kmjsdhdo� \q`^ _`nn`ô`pmn _` mdnlp` o`^cijgjbdlp`)^`g\ kjpmm\ �om` g` ^\n _`n kmjeòngj^\gdn�n npm g` n`ô`pm _` I\?jp^g` _` @c\io`gjpk

>p^pi` h`npm` nk�^dadlp` i~`noi�^`nn\dm`+

Qm\do`hìo _`n_�^còn

I` kmjeò podgdn`m\ g`n adgd�m`n\_\ko�`n n`gji g`n _daa�mìon otk`n_` _�^còn+ Mjpm g`n h\o�md\ps`s^\q�n) g`n ndo`n _` _�k£on a`mjiog~j]eò k\m Dm\i_ M\mdn _~pi` �op_`nk�^dadlp`+

I`n kmjeòn podgdn`mjio _`n adgd�m`n\_\ko�`n+

Rodgdn\odji _` adgd�m`n \_\ko�`n Rodgdn\odji _` adgd�m`n \_\ko�`nFg n`m\ i�^`nn\dm` _` q�mdad`m g\^\k\^do� _`n adgd�m`n � m`^`qjdm g`n_�^còn _` ^c\iod`m+

Ri` ^jjm_di\odji _`n _daa�mìonkmjeòn n`m\ kmjkjn�`+


M\b` 515 , -,/3


g`n kgpn nìnd]g`n



Dm\i_n kmjeòn _~diam\nompôpm` 7QDL ò ^m�\odji _p 0�h` o\]gd`m

_` g~>.0




@gdh\o

I~�op_` \ hjiom� lp` g` kmjeòk`mhòom\ _` m�_pdm` g`n mèòn _`@L/ %b\u � àaò _` n`mm`& bm�^` �g\ m�jmb\idn\odji _`n om\inkjmon^jgg`ôdan lp~dg k`mhò ò \p m`kjmo_` g\ qjdopm` q`mn g` OBO+

I` kmjeò QDL n`m\ \km�n lp`glp`n\ii�`n _~`skgjdo\odji � g~jmdbdi`_~pi` ^`mo\di` m�_pôdji _`n�hdnndjin _` b\u � àaò _` n`mm`+@ò àaò k\m\¡o ^`kì_\iom`g\odq`hìo hj_`no`) o\io g` kmjeòm`no` g` kgpn njpqìo � g~�^\mo _`n^ìom`n pm]\din ò uji`n _~\ôdqdo�g`n kgpn _ìn`n ò g`n kgpndhkjmo\ion+

@ji^`mi\io g\ ^m�\odji _p qd\_p^)\p^pi` \pbhìo\odji _` om\adî~`no \ooì_p`+

I`n kmjeòn pm]\din n`mjiog\mb`hìo _`nn`mqdn k\m g`n Q@)ojpo ì �o\io � g~jmdbdi` _~pi`^dm^pg\odji \pojhj]dg` _`nc\]do\ion ò om\q\dgg`pmn+

I`n kmjeòn pm]\din n`mjiog\mb`hìo _`nn`mqdn k\m g`n Q@)ojpo ì �o\io � g~jmdbdi` _~pi`^dm^pg\odji \pojhj]dg` _`nc\]do\ion ò om\q\dgg`pmn+

Mjpm g\ W>@ J\io`n Ojnit) dg `nokm�qp pi \^^mjdnn`hìo om�nnìnd]g` _` g\ kjggpodji _` g~\dmijo\hhìo kjpm g`n KLs) g` PL/ò g`n b\u � àaò _` n`mm`+ I`na\ô`pmn `skgd^\odan m�npgoìokmdi^dk\g`hìo _p ^c\paa\b` \pb\u ò _` g\ ^dm^pg\odji+

I`n àaòn ^phpg�n njiobgj]\g`hìo kjndodan) k\m g\m�_pôdji � g~�^c`gg` m�bdji\g` _`n�hdnndjin _` @L/+

M\n _` h`npm` k\mod^pgd�m` �o\io_jii� g`n àaòn ^phpg�nbgj]\g`hìo kjndodan ^jhko` oìp_p m`kjmo _` g\ mjpo` q`mn g`nkmjeòn _` om\inkjmo ì ^jhhpi+

D�jgjbd` Pjgn òPjpn*njgn

M\n _~àaò ì kc\n` `skgjdo\odjih\dn hdn` ì _�k£on _`n h\o�md\psjp m�c\]dgdo\odji _` ndo`n _\in g\m�bdji+


I`n ndo`n _` noj^f\b` _` h\o�md\psi~jio k\n �o� d_ìodad�n \p no\_` _`g\ ARM %dgn g` n`mjio ì �op_`n_~\q\io kmjeò&+

I\ no\]dgdo� _`n njgn _`qm\ �om`npmq`dgg�` ^jhko` oìp _` g\km�nì^` kmj^c` _` g\ P`di`%?jp^g` _` @c\io`gjpk&+


I` kmjeò _` W>@ J\io`nFiijq\k\m^ _jdo ijo\hhìo\kkjmo`m _`n km�^dndjin npm g` ]dg\i_�]g\dn,m`h]g\dn ^jhko` oìp _`nqjgph`n _�e� noj^f�n npm g` ndo`)gd�n � g\ ^m�\odji _` g\ kg\oàjmhà`mmjqd\dm` qjdndi`

I` ^jh]g`hìo _` ^`mo\din ndo`nkjpmm\ k`mhòom` g`pm m�podgdn\odji+

M\n _` h`npm` k\mod^pgd�m`

B\ps npk`mad^d`gg`nM\n _~àaò _\in g\ h`npm` j¤ g`nnpma\^`n dhk`mh�\]dgdn�`n ^m��`nn`mjio a\d]g`n ì npma\^`+

I` kmjeò QDL i~\pbhìo` k\n _à\�ji ndbidad^\odq` g`n npma\^`ndhk`mh�\]dgdn�`n kpdnlp~dg m�podgdn`ì bm\i_` k\mod` g`n `hkmdn`n`sdno\io`n _p m�n`\p a`mm� i\odji\g+

@ji^`mi\io g` qd\_p^) g` kmjeòkm�qjdo g~dhkg\io\odji _` kdgd`mn ìuji` _~`sk\indji _` ^mp`n+



I`n àaòn ^phpg�n qdn*�*qdn _`n`\ps npk`mad^d`gg`n n`mjio k`pndbidad^\odan+

I`n kmjeòn km�qjdìo ^c\^pi g`pmnkmjkm`n h`npm`n _`^jhkìn\odji+

I`n h`npm`n lpd \^^jhk\bi`mjiog`n kmjeòn) k`mhòomjio _` m�bpg`mg`n �^jpg`hìon ò _` ^jin`mq`m g\lp\gdo� _`n `\ps npk`mad^d`gg`n+


M\b` 52, , -,/3


g`n kgpn nìnd]g`n




_` g~>.0




B\ps njpo`mm\di`n

> kmdjmd g`n àaòn kjnnd]g`n ajiog~j]eò _` h`npm`n dio�bm�`n \pkmjeò+ M\m `s`hkg`)m�o\]gdnn`hìo _` g~�^jpg`hìonjpn g` opii`g) g` ^\n �^c�\io) k\mgdo _m\di\io+

Ppm g~ìn`h]g` _p ]\nndi g`n `\psnjpo`mm\di`n njio g\mb`hìo`skgjdo�`n kjpm g~\gdhìo\odji ì`\p kjo\]g`+

I`n kmjeòn j^^\nndjii`mjio _`nk`mopm]\odjin m�_pdo`n+ Iàjiôdjii`hìo ijmh\g _`g~diam\nompôpm` i~j^^\ndjii` \p^pimèò npn^`kod]g` _` kjgp`m g`n `\psnjpo`mm\di`n+ I~ìomòdì _` g\kg\oàjmh` k`po ì m`q\i^c`m`km�nìo`m pi mdnlp` _` kjggpodji+

@`mo\din kmjeòn _p n`ô`pm njiondop�n � kmjsdhdo� dhh�_d\o` _~pi^\ko\b` _~\gdhìo\odji ì `\pkjo\]g`+


@`mo\din kmjeòn _p n`ô`pm njiondop�n _\in pi` \dm` _~\gdhìo\odji+


M\n _~àaòn ^phpg�n ijo\]g`n)^c\lp` jk�m\odji kmì\io ì^jhko` _\in n\ ^ji^`kodji g`nìe`ps ò ^jiom\dio`n gd�n �g~dhk`mh�\]dgdn\odji _`n njgn) \pmpdnn`gg`hìo ò � g~dio`m^`kodji _`n`\ps %ntno�h`n _` _m\di\b`)]\nndin _` m�oìodji ò _`^jiadi`hìo&+

I`n h`npm`n njio dio�bm�`n \ps_daa�mìon kmjeòn ^ji^`mi�n+

Odnlp`n i\opm`gnMmdn ì ^jhko` _\in g` kmjeò%diji_\odji) hjpq`hìo _` o`mm\di&

QDL i~`no k\n ^ji^`mi� k\m pimdnlp` i\opm`g+

I` qd\_p^ lp\io � gpd odìo ^jhko`_p MMOd ì qdbp`pm+

A` �op_`n ct_m\pgdlp`n jio k`mhdn_` ^ji^`qjdm g` kmjeò _` o`gg` njmo`� i` k\n dhk\ô`m g` ^c\hk_~`sk\indji _`n ^mp`n+

I` kmjeò _` W>@ B^j*lp\mod`magpqd\g odìo ^jhko` _p mdnlp`diji_\odji ò g`n c\]do\odjin njiokm�qp`n cjmn uji` diji_\]g`+

M\n _` ^phpgM\n _` h`npm` k\mod^pgd�m` �o\io_jii� g~\]nì^` _~àaòn ^phpg�n+

Jdgd`ps i\opm`gn

I` kmjeò n~\^^jhk\bi` _`_`nompôdji _` npma\^`nq�b�o\gdn�`n gdhdo�`n ì o\dgg`n ògj^\gdn�`n npm 1 ndo`n 7 g`n mdq`n _`K\io`mm` ò ?ùjin) g~¡g` P\dio*J\modi) g` gjib _` g\ n`di` ìom`�k£i` ò J�ud�m`n ò J\io`n+

I~pi _`n kmdi^dk\ps ìe`ps _pkmjeò `no g\ km�n`mq\odji _` g\ ajm�o_jh\id\g` _` P\dio*D`mh\di)ijo\hhìo _` n`n ajiôdjii\gdo�nd_ìodad�`n k\m g` PAOFC ò g`PO@B+

I` kmjeò _` qd\_p^ `no ndop� ìk\mod` npm pi ndoù K\opm\ /---^`kì_\io ` kmjeò i~`no k\nnpn^`kod]g` _` kjmo`m \oo`dio` \psj]e`ôdan _` ^jin`mq\odji _`g~c\]do\o) lpd jio epnodad� g\_�ndbi\odji _p ndo` K\opm\ /---+

@`n kmjeòn njio m�\gdn�n ì hdgd`ppm]\di \]mdo\io _`n kòdon `nk\^`nq�b�o\gdn�n jp npkkjmoìo _`najmh\odjin nkjio\i�`n_�q`gjkk�`n npm _`n amd^c`n+

Fg `no km�qp _\in g` ^\_m` _`nkmjeòn g~\h�i\b`hìo _~`nk\^`nq`mon) a\qjm\]g`n \p_�q`gjkk`hìo _` g\ ]dj_dq`mndo�+

A`n _`h\i_`n _` _�mjb\odji`nk�^`n kmjo�b�`n n~\q�mìoi�^`nn\dm`n kjpm ^`mo\din kmjeòn+

@`n kmjeòn njio m�\gdn�n ì hdgd`ppm]\di \]mdo\io _`n kòdon `nk\^`nq�b�o\gdn�n jp npkkjmoìo _`najmh\odjin nkjio\i�`n_�q`gjkk�`n npm _`n amd^c`n+

Fg `no km�qp _\in g` ^\_m` _`nkmjeòn g~\h�i\b`hìo _~`nk\^`nq`mon) a\qjm\]g`n \p_�q`gjkk`hìo _` g\ ]dj_dq`mndo�+

A`n _`h\i_`n _` _�mjb\odji`nk�^`n kmjo�b�`n n~\q�mìoi�^`nn\dm`n kjpm ^`mo\din kmjeòn+

Qjpn g`n kmjeòn ^jhkmì_mjio piqjgò _` kmjo`ôdji ò _`km�n`mq\odji _p hdgd`p i\opm`g lpdqdn`m\ � gdhdo`m g`n àaòn _`bmdbijo\b` k\m m�_pôdji _`nhdgd`ps mpm\ps ò _`n `nk\^`n ìq�b�o\odji \]mdo\io c\]do\on ò`nk�^`n \idh\g`n+

@c\lp` kmjeò \kkmjpq� ò \pojmdn�n`m\ \^^jhk\bi� _` h`npm`n _`^jhkìn\odji k`mhòo\io _`^jiajmo`m _`n `nk\^`n q�b�o\gdn�n+


I` kmjeò n`m\ om�n kjndoda qdn*�*qdn_`n pn\b`mn \ôp`gn _` g\ gdbi` >)_`n c\]do\ion _` g\ q\gg�` _` g\P`di` ì \h�gdjm\io g\ ^dm^pg\odji_`n Q@ _ji^ ì \gg�b`\io g`n^ji_dodjin _` qd` lpjod_dìi`+ M\m\dgg`pmn) g` kmjeò a\qjmdn`m\ g\m�c\]dgdo\odji pm]\di` ò g`_�q`gjkk`hìo pm]\di _` P`di`>q\g+

I` kmjeò q\ \hjdi_mdm g\_�kì_\i^` � g\ qjdopm` _`npn\b`mn ò c\]do\ion _`n n`ô`pmn_`nn`mqdn k\m g` kmjeò) ò g`ndhk\ôn \nnj^d�n ì o`mh`n _`^\_m` _` qd` ò _~�hdnndjin _` b\u� àaò _` n`mm`+ @ò àaò k\m\¡o^`kì_\io m`g\odq`hìo hj_`no`)o\io g` kmjeò m`no` g` kgpn njpqìo� g~�^\mo _`n ^ìom`n pm]\din òuji`n _~\ôdqdo� g`n kgpn _ìn`n òg`n kgpn dhkjmo\ion+@ji^`mi\io g` qd\_p^) \p^pi`\pbhìo\odji _` om\ad^ i~`no\ooì_p`+ I` kmjeò ^jiomd]pm\ �\h`gdjm`m g\ n�^pmdo� _`n pn\b`mn+

@`n kmjeòn kmjado`mjio _`n bm\i_nkmjeòn _` _`nn`mo` k\m g`n Q@ìqdn\b�n

@`n kmjeòn kmjado`mjio _`n bm\i_nkmjeòn _` _`nn`mo` k\m g`n Q@ìqdn\b�n

I`n àaòn ^phpg�n njio om�nkjndodan _\in g\ h`npm` j¤ g\ijpq`gg` jaam` _` om\inkjmon n`m\ \pn`mqd^` _`n c\]do\ion ò _` g`pm_`h\i_` _` _�kg\^`hìo+ @òo`jaam` n`m\ kgpn _dq`mndad�`) kgpnm\kd_` ò kgpn ad\]g`+

M\n _` h`npm` k\mod^pgd�m` �o\io_jii� g`n àaòn ^phpg�n kjndodan+


M\b` 52- , -,/3


g`n kgpn nìnd]g`n




_` g~>.0





I` kmjeò _` kmjgjib`hìo _`qm\doa\qjmdn`m g~dhkg\io\odji _~\ôdqdo�njp g` mìajm^`hìo _` g~\ôdqdo�`sdno\io` _\in g\ q\gg�` _` g\ P`di`ò _\in M\mdn) � I\ A�aìn` ì\h�gdjm\io g`n \^^�n+ M\m \dgg`pmn g`kmjgjib`hìo q\ n` om\_pdm` k\m g\^m�\odji _` kjno`n _~\bìon _`nom\inkjmon+

I` kmjeò `no hj_`no`hìoa\qjm\]g` � ^jiajmo`m g~`hkgjd ìa\qjmdn\io g~\^^�n \ps k£g`n_~`hkgjdn+

I` qd\_p^ i` k\mod^dk` k\n � g\^m�\odji _~\ôdqdo�n jp _~`hkgjdn+

@`n 5 kmjeòn pm]\din jaamdmjio pi^`mo\di ijh]m` _~`hkgjdn+

@`n 2 kmjeòn pm]\din jaamdmjio pi^`mo\di ijh]m` _~`hkgjdn+

I~ìn`h]g` _`n kmjeòn k\mod^dkìo_` g~\h�gdjm\odji _`n gd\dnjin kjpma\qjmdn`m g\ qd` �^jijhdlp`)ijo\hhìo _` g\ m�bdji Fg` _`Cm\i^`+

M\n _` h`npm` k\mod^pgd�m` �o\io_jii� g`n àaòn ^phpg�n kjndodan)ò ì k\mod^pgd`m ^`gpd _` a\qjmdn`m g`_`q`gjkk`hìo _`n o`mmdojdm`n+

A�kg\^`hìon

I` kmjeò q\ nìnd]g`hìo\h�gdjm`m g`n _�kg\^`hìon +_\ink\mdn ì \gg�b`\io g` OBO > ò _`k\mo ò _~\pom`n _` M\mdn ìom` g~Bnoò g~Lp`no ò a\qjmdn`m\ g~dio`m^jii`ôdjin \q`^ ^`mo\di`n gdbi`n_` Q@+ I\ gdbi` @) ijo\hhìo h\dn\pnnd Q0x

I` kmjeò km�qjdo pi` \h�gdjm\odji_`n ^ji_dodjin _` _�kg\^`hìo k\mg\ _dhdipodji di_pdo` _p ijh]m`_~pn\b`mn _` g\ mjpo` \dind lp` g\n�^pmdn\odji _`n _�kg\^`hìon%_�idq`gg\odji _` g\ OA4 \p _mjdo _pMK.&+

I` qd\_p^ i~di_pdo k\n_~\pbhìo\odji _` om\ad^+

@`n kmjeòn kmjado`mjio _`n^ji_dodjin _` _�kg\^`hìon ì�o\io `ps*h�h`n b�i�m\o`pmn _`_�kg\^`hìon+

I`n ijh]m`ps kmjeòn ì ^jpmn jpìqdn\b�n npm g~\bbgjh�m\odji _`J\io`n dhk\ô`mjio ajmo`hìo g`n^ji_dodjin _` _�kg\^`hìo+Ri`�op_` bgj]\g` m`g\odq` \ps^dm^pg\odjin \p n`di _`g~\bbgjh�m\odji J\iojdn` `no ì^jpmn+

I`n àaòn ^phpg�n njio om�nndbidad^\odan ì h\od�m` _`_�kg\^`hìon+ I`n _�kg\^`hìonkì_pg\dm`n \ôp`gn a`mjio kg\^` �pi` m�k\mododji kgpmd kjg\dm` ò � pi`kjnnd]dgdo� _` hd`ps ^dm^pg`m npm g`n\s`n mjpod`mn+

I\ kgpk\mo _`n kmjeòn \i\gtn�n\ooì_ ]`\p^jpk _p kmjeò Bjg`kjpm a\qjmdn`m g`pm _`nn`mo` k\m g`nQ@+

M\n _` h`npm` k\mod^pgd�m` �o\io_jii� g`n àaòn ^phpg�n kjndodan+

?mpdon qd]m\odjin

I` kmjeò n` om\_pdo k\m pi`\pbhìo\odji _`n idq`\ps njijm`n� kmjsdhdo� dhh�_d\o` _` g\ gdbi`_\in n\ k\mod` \�mdìi`+ @òo`\pbhìo\odji n`m\ g\mb`hìo^jhkìn�` � o`mh` k\m g`m`hkg\^`hìo _`n om\din @jm\dg k\m_`n h\o�md`gn hjdin ]mpt\ion %lpd_`qm\do dio`mqìdm � k\modm _`/-/-,/-/2 njdo g~cjmduji _` g\ hdn`ì n`mqd^` _~BLIB&+ A`nkmjo`ôdjin \^jpnodlp`n\^^jhk\bi`mjio g` kmjeò+

A~pi` a\�ji b�i�m\g`) g`n ]mpdongd�n \p Qm\h*Qm\di n`mjiok`m^`kod]g`n) ojpo ì m`no\io _~pi`\hkg`pm om�n gdhdo�` ò n\in_�k\nn`m g`n n`pdgnm�bg`hìo\dm`n+

>p^pi àaò i~`no \ooì_p ìo`mh`n _` qd]m\odjin+

@ji^`mi\io g` qd\_p^) g~�op_`_~dhk\ô ^ji^gpo lp~dg i~\pm\ k\n_~dhk\ô ì kc\n` `skgjdo\odji ìh\od�m` _` ipdn\i^`n njijm`n) _`qd]m\odjin+

@`n kmjeòn njio kjoìod`gg`hìob�i�m\o`pmn _` ]mpdo _\in pi^jio`so` _�e� ]mpt\io+ A`n^dm^pg\odjin \pojhj]dg`n _`_`nn`mo` n`mjio km�nìo`n) \q`^_`n qdo`nn`n h\¡omdn�`n) _jiî~�h`mb`\io k\n _p ]mpdo \h]d\io+

@`n kmjeòn njio kjoìod`gg`hìob�i�m\o`pmn _` ]mpdo _\in pi^jio`so` _�e� ]mpt\io+

Fg i` _`qm\do t \qjdm bgj]\g`hìo _`^phpg \^jpnodlp` _`n _daa�mìonkmjeòn � g~`s^`kodji _` n`ô`pmngj^\gdn�n o`gn lp` g` n`ô`pm _` g\?jp^g` _` @c\io`gjpk+

M\n _` h`npm` k\mod^pgd�m` �o\io_jii� g~\]nì^` _~àaòn ^phpg�n+


M\b` 52. , -,/3


g`n kgpn nìnd]g`n




_` g~>.0




Np\gdo� _`g~\dm,M`majmh\i^`�i`mb�odlp`

I` kmjeò q\ n` om\_pdm` k\m pi`^`mo\di` _dhdipodji _`n �hdnndjinkjggp\io`n _p a\do _p m`kjmo hj_\g_` g\ qjdopm` di_dqd_p`gg` q`mn g`nom\inkjmon ì ^jhhpi lpd n`m\ìbì_m� k\m ^òo` ijpq`gg` jaam`^m��`+

Ri` _dhdipodji _`n �hdnndjin _`b\u � àaò _` n`mm` _p a\do _~pim`kjmo hj_\g `no `nodh�` � ./ "

@ji^`mi\io g` qd\_p^) g~�op_`_~dhk\ô ^ji^gpo lp~dg i~\pm\ k\n_~dhk\ô ì kc\n` `skgjdo\odji ìh\od�m` _` _` kjpnnd�m`n) _`kjggpodji \ohjnkc�mdlp` ò_~�hdnndjin _` b\u � àaò _` n`mm`+


Fgn njio �b\g`hìo b�i�m\o`pmn _`^c\g`pm pm]\di`+


Fgn njio �b\g`hìo b�i�m\o`pmn _`^c\g`pm pm]\di`+

I~ìn`h]g` _`n kmjeòn_~diam\nompôpm` _`qm\do a\qjmdn`m g\]\dnn` _`n �hdnndjin _` kmj_pdonb\u`ps kjggp\ion+

I`n kmjeòn _` W>@ lp\io � `ps^m�ìo pi` g�b�m` \pbhìo\odji_`n ^jinjhh\odjin �i`mb�odlp`n+

M\n _` h`npm` k\mod^pgd�m` �o\io_jii� g`n àaòn ^phpg�n kjndodan �g~�^c`gg` _` g\ O�bdji+

Documents

LLNA?E=PEKJ @AO EIL=?PO @Q LNKCN=IIA AP @AO … · " kmjgjib`hìo_`g\Cm\i^dgdìi` g~Lp`no%omjdnd h`k mdkc mdlp`_`g\^\kdo\g`ìom`J mt*npm* ... \igd`p`n`noòjp`noqd\M\mdn7g$Bno* Lp`noId\dnjiBskm`nn`nog\i^

LLNA?E=PEKJ @AO EIL=?PO @Q LNKCN=IIA AP @AO … · " kmjgjib`hìo_`g\Cm\i^dgdìi` g~Lp`no%omjdnd h`k mdkc mdlp`_`g\^\kdo\g`ìom`J mtnpm ... \igd`p`n`noòjp`noqd\M\mdn7g$Bno* Lp`noId\dnjiBskm`nn`nog\i^