Literature Cited and Additional Reference Sources · Audubon Society. Conant, R. 1975. A field guide to reptiles and amphibians of the eastern United States and Canada east of the

C O N N E C TI C U T’S C O M P R E H E N S I V E WI LD LI F E C O N S E R V A TI O N S TR A TE G Y

LC - 1

Literature Cited and Additional Reference Sources Adams, S. W. 1896. The native and wild mammals of Connecticut. Case, Lockwood,

and Brainard Co., Hartford, Connecticut. Altobello, M. A. 1992. The economic importance of Long Island Sound’s water quality

dependent activities. University of Connecticut. American Ornithologists’ Union. 1957. Checklist of North American birds. Fifth

edition. Lord Baltimore Press, Baltimore, Maryland. American Ornithologists’ Union. 1973. Supplement to the checklist of North American

birds. Fifth edition. Auk 90:411-419. Anderson, J. R., E. E. Hardy, J. T. Roach, and R. E. Witmer. 1976. A land use and land

cover classification system for use with remote sensor data. USGS Professional Paper #964.

Arnold, C. L. 1999. Educating municipalities: land use is the key to managing nonpoint

source pollution. Water Environment and Technology 11:41-44. Arnold, C. L., D. L. Civco, M. P. Prisloe, J. D. Hurd, and J. W. Stocker. 2000. Remote-

sensing-enhanced outreach education as a decision support system for local land-use officials. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 66:1251-1260.

Atlantic Coast Joint Venture (ACJV). 2004. Atlantic coast joint venture strategic plan.

Hadley, Massachusetts. Available online at http://www.acjv.org/. Accessed on February 4, 2004.

Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission (ASMFC). 1997. Amendment 3 to the

Interstate Fishery Management Plan for American Lobster. Fishery Management Report No. 29:1-44. Washington, D.C. Available online at http://www.asmfc.org/speciesDocuments/lobster/fmps/lobsterAmendment3.pdf.

Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission (ASMFC). 1998a. Amendment 1 to the

Interstate Fishery Management Plan for Atlantic Sturgeon. Fishery Management Report No. 31:1-60. Washington, D.C. Available online at http://www.asmfc.org/speciesDocuments/sturgeon/fmps/fmps/sturgeonAm1.pdf.

Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission (ASMFC). 1998b. Addendum 2 to the

Fishery Management Plan for Inshore Stocks of Winter Flounder. Fishery Management Report No. 30:1-18. Washington, D.C. Available online at http://www.asmfc.org/speciesDocuments/winterFlounder/fmps/winterflounderaddendumII.pdf.


LC - 2

Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission (ASMFC). 1998c. Interstate Fishery Management Plan for Horseshoe Crab. Fishery Management Report No. 32:1-67. Washington, D.C. Available online at http://www.asmfc.org/speciesDocuments/horseshoeCrab/fmps/hscFMP.pdf.

Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission (ASMFC). 1999a. Amendment 1 to the

Interstate Fishery Management Plan for Atlantic Sea Herring. Fishery Management Report No. 33:1-112. Washington, D.C. Available online at http://www.asmfc.org/speciesDocuments/herring/fmps/herringAmend1.pdf.

Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission (ASMFC). 1999b. Amendment 1 to the

Interstate Fishery Management Plan for Shad and River Herring. Fishery Management Report No. 35:1-87. Washington, D.C. Available online at http://www.asmfc.org/speciesDocuments/shad/fmps/shadam1.pdf.

Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission (ASMFC). 2000. Interstate Fishery

Management Plan for American Eel. Fishery Management Report No. 36:1-93. Washington, D.C. Available online at http://www.asmfc.org/speciesDocuments/eel/fmps/eelFMP.pdf.


Interstate Fishery Management Plan for Atlantic Menhaden. Fishery Management Report No. 37:1-146. Washington, D.C. Available online at http://www.asmfc.org/speciesDocuments/menhaden/fmps/menhadenAm%201.PDF.

Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission (ASMFC). 2002a. Interstate Fishery

Management Plan for Spiny Dogfish. Fishery Management Report No. 40:1-128. Washington, D.C. Available online at http://www.asmfc.org/speciesDocuments/dogfish/fmps/spinyDogfishFMP.pdf.

Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission (ASMFC). 2002b. Addendum III to the

Fishery Management Plan for Tautog. Fishery Management Report No. 25c:1-17. Washington, D.C. Available online at http://www.asmfc.org/speciesDocuments/tautog/fmps/tautogaddendumIII.pdf.

Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission (ASMFC). 2002c. Amendment 4 to the

Interstate Fishery Management Plan for Weakfish. Fishery Management Report No. 39:1-101. Washington, D.C. Available online at http://www.asmfc.org/speciesDocuments/weakfish/fmps/weakfishAmendment4.pdf.

Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission (ASMFC). 2002d. Amendment 2 to the

Interstate Fishery Management Plan for Red Drum. Fishery Management Report No. 38:1-159. Washington, D.C. Available online at


LC - 3

http://www.asmfc.org/speciesDocuments/southAtlanticSpecies/redDrum/redDrumAm2.pdf.


Interstate Fishery Management Plan for Atlantic Striped Bass. Fishery Management Report No. 41:1-81. Washington, D.C. Available online at http://www.asmfc.org/speciesDocuments/stripedBass/fmps/sbAmendment6.pdf.


Interstate Fishery Management Plan for Northern Shrimp. Fishery Management Report No. 42:1-84. Washington, D.C. Available online at http://www.asmfc.org/speciesDocuments/northernShrmip/fmps/amendment1.pdf.

Audubon Connecticut. 2004. Proposed important bird areas for Connecticut.

http://www.iba.audubon.org/iba/viewState.do?state=US-CT Babbitt, L. H. 1937. The Amphibia of Connecticut. Connecticut Geological and Natural

History Survey Bulletin 57:1-50. Bailey, R. M., editor. 1970. A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the

United States and Canada. Third edition. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 6:1-150.

Bailey, R. G. 1976. Ecoregions of the United States, a 1:7,500,000 map. U.S.D.A.

Forest Service, Ogden, Utah. Bailey, R. G. 1995. Description of the ecoregions of the United States. U. S. Forest

Service Miscellaneous Publication 1391 (revised), with separate map at a scale of 1:7,500,000. Washington, D. C.

Bailey, R. G. 1996. Ecosystem Geography. Springer-Verlag, Inc., New York, New

York. Bailey, R. G. 1998. Ecoregion map of North America, scale 1:15,000,000: Explanatory

note. USDA Forest Service Miscellaneous Publication 1548:1-10. Bailey, M. A., J. N. Holmes, and K. A. Buhlmann. 2004 (Draft). Habitat management

guidelines for amphibians and reptiles of the southeastern United States. Partners in Amphibian and Reptile Conservation.

Barbour, H., M.G. Anderson, S. Khanna, A. Olivero, and B. Zaremba. 2003. Lower New

England – northern Piedmont ecoregional conservation plan; edited first iteration. The Nature Conservancy, Northeast and Caribbean Division, Boston, Massachusetts.


LC - 4

Barbour, R. W., and Davis, W. H. 1969. Bats of America. University Press of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.

Bat Conservation International. 2001. Bats in eastern woodlands. A report prepared for

the U.S. Forest Service and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services, Southern Regional Offices. 311 pp. Available online at http://www.batcon.org.

Beach, D. 2002. Coastal sprawl: the effects of urban design on aquatic ecosystems in the

United States. Pew Oceans Commission, Arlington, Virginia. 33 pp. Available online at http://www.pewoceans.org.

Beers, A., and S. Davison. 1999. North Atlantic coast ecoregional conservation plan.

The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, Virginia. Bell, M. 1985. The face of Connecticut: People, geology, and the land. State

Geological and Natural History Survey of Connecticut, Bulletin 110:1-196. Hartford, Connecticut. Available online at http://g3.tmsc.org/face_of_ct/index.html.

Berrien, P. L. 1967. Distributions of the siluriform through pleuronectiform fishes

found in the freshwater of Connecticut. Master's thesis (96 pp), University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut.

Bevier, L. R., editor. 1994. The atlas of breeding birds of Connecticut. State Geological

and Natural History Survey of Connecticut Bulletin No. 113:1-461. Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection, Hartford, Connecticut.

Bevier, L. R. 1996. The Connecticut rare records committee: an overview. Connecticut

Warbler 16:26-30. Biebighauser, T.R. 2002 A guide to creating vernal ponds: All the information you need

to build and maintain an ephemeral wetland. USDA Forest Service, Morehead, Kentucky. Available online at http://www.southernregion.fs.fed.us/boone/vernal.pdf.

Blake, M. M., and E. M. Smith. 1984. A marine resources management plan for the

state of Connecticut. Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Conservation and Preservation, , Marine Fisheries Program, Bureau of Fisheries.

Boesch, D. F., R. H. Burroughs, J. E. Baker, R. P. Mason, C. L. Rowe, and R. L. Siefert.

2001. Marine pollution in the United States. Pew Oceans Commission, Arlington, Virginia. Available online at http://www.pewoceans.org.

Breisch, A. and J. C. Mitchell. 2004 (Draft). Habitat management guidelines for

amphibians and reptiles of the northeastern United States. Partners in Amphibian


LC - 5

and Conservation Research, University of Richmond, New York Department of Environmental Conservation.

Broker, S. P. 1995. Connecticut’s freshwater wetlands. Yale-New Haven Teachers’

Institute. Available online at http://www.yale.edu/yhnti/curriculum/units/1995/95.05.03.x.html

Brown, S., C. Hickey, B. Harrington, and R. Gill, editors. 2001. United States shorebird

conservation plan. Second edition. Manomet (Massachusetts) Center for Conservation Sciences. Available online at http://www.manomet.org/USSCP/files.htm.

Brumbach, J. J. 1965. The Climate of Connecticut. State Geological and Natural

History Survey, Bulletin 99:1-215. Hartford, Connecticut. Bull, J. 1964. Birds of the New York area. Harper and Row, New York, New York.. Bull, J. 1974. Birds of New York state. Doubleday Natural History Press, Garden City,

New York. Burt, W. H. and R. P. Grossenheider. 1964. A field guide to the mammals. Second

edition. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Massachusetts. Calhoun, A. J. K., and M. W. Klemens. 2002. Best development practices: Conserving

pool-breeding amphibians in residential and commercial developments in the northeastern United States. Metropolitan Conservation Alliance Technical Paper No. 5, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York.

Campbell. C. A. 1974. Survival of reptiles and amphibians in urban environments.

Pages 61-66 in J. H. Noyes and D. R. Progulske, editors. Wildlife in an urbanizing environment. University of Massachusetts Planning and Resource Development, Series 28.

Canavan, IV, R. W., and P. A. Siver. 1995. Connecticut lakes: A study of the chemical

and physical properties of fifty-six Connecticut lakes. Connecticut College Arboretum, New London, Connecticut.

Carlander, K. D. 1969. Handbook of freshwater fishery biology. Iowa State University

Press, Volume I, 752 pp, Ames, Iowa. Carlton, J. T. 2001. Introduced species in U.S. coastal waters: environmental impacts

and management priorities. Pew Oceans Commission, Arlington, Virginia. Available online at http://www.pewoceans.org.


LC - 6

Clark, K. E., and L. J. Niles. 2000. Northern Atlantic Regional Shorebird Plan. Version 1:1-28. Northern Atlantic Shorebird Habitat Working Group, Woodbine, New Jersey.

Coe, W. R. 1972. Starfishes, serpent stars, sea urchins and sea cucumbers of the

northeast. (A republication of Echinoderms of Connecticut, (1912), Connecticut Geological and Natural History Survey Bulletin No. 19:1-152.) Dover Publications, Inc., New York, New York.

Collazo, J. 2001. Accessible habitat for shorebirds: factors influencing its availability

and conservation implications. Proceedings of the Coastal Ecosystems and Federal Activities Technical Training Symposium, August 20-22, 2001, Gulf Shores, Connecticut. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, CD-ROM.

Comer, P., D. Faber-Langendoen, R. Evans, S. Gawler, C. Josse, G. Kittel, S. Menard, M.

Pyne, M. Reid, K. Schulz, K. Snow, and J. Teague. 2003. Ecological systems of the United States: a working classification of U.S. terrestrial systems. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia.

Comins, P., G. Hanisek, and S. Oresman. 2003. Protecting Connecticut’s grassland

heritage: a report of the Connecticut Grasslands Working Group. Connecticut Audubon Society.

Conant, R. 1975. A field guide to reptiles and amphibians of the eastern United States

and Canada east of the 100th meridian. Second edition. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Massachusetts.

Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection (CT DEP). 1982. The trophic

classifications of seventy Connecticut lakes. State of Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection, Water Compliance, Unit, Hartford.

Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection (CT DEP). 1991. The trophic

classifications of forty-nine Connecticut lakes. State of Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Water Management, Hartford.

Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection (CT DEP). 1993. Connecticut

rivers assessment, evaluation guidelines. Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection in cooperation with National Park Service, Rivers, Trails and Conservation Assistance Program, and Milone and Macbroom, Hartford, Connecticut.

Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection (CT DEP). Annual reports 1998-

2004. Unpublished annual data on breeding bird surveys.


LC - 7

Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection (CT DEP). 1999b. Connecticut: a legacy of land. First Annual Report on Open Space Protection, 1998 Acquisitions. Hartford, Connecticut.

Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection (CT DEP). 2000. Inland fisheries

research and management. April 1, 2000 – March 31, 2005. A proposal to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for federal aid under the Sport Fish Restoration Act. Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection, Inland Fisheries Division, Bureau of Natural Resources, Hartford, Connecticut.

Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection (CT DEP). 2001. The Connecticut

green plan: open space acquisition, fiscal years 2001-2006. Hartford, Connecticut. 14 p.

Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection (CT DEP). 2002. Diadromous fish

enhancement and restoration. January 1, 2003 – December 31, 2007. A proposal to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for federal aid under the Sport Fish Restoration Act. Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection, Inland Fisheries Division, Bureau of Natural Resources, Hartford, Connecticut..

Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection (CT DEP). 2003a. A field guide

to freshwater mussels of Connecticut. Hartford, Connecticut. Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection (CT DEP). 2003b. 2003

Connecticut angler’s guide. Hartford, Connecticut. Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection (CT DEP). 2004a. 2004 water

quality report to Congress, prepared pursuant to Clean Water Act Section 305(b). Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Water Management, Planning Division, Hartford, Connecticut.

Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection. 2004b. A study of marine

recreational fisheries in Connecticut. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Project F-54-R:1-160.

Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection (CT DEP). 2004c. The

Connecticut statewide forest resource plan (Draft). [Prepared by Helene T. Flounders]

Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection. 2004. Inland fisheries research

and management. Progress report, F57R22. State of Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Natural Resources, Inland Fisheries Division, Hartford.

Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Water Management.

1999. Ambient monitoring strategy for rivers and streams rotating basin approach.


LC - 8

Hartford, Connecticut. Available online at http://dep.state.ct.us/wtr/wq/rotbasinplan.pdf

Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection (CT DEP), Long Island Sound

Councils, Assembly and Foundation. 1999. Connecticut coastal access guide. Hartford, Connecticut. Map.

Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection, University of Connecticut’s Center

for Population Research. Draft. Statewide comprehensive outdoor recreation plan (SCORP). Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Natural Resources, Hartford, Connecticut.

Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection. Bureau of Natural Resources.

Natural Diversity Database. Unpublished data. www.dep.state.ct.us. Connecticut Ornithological Association. 2004. The check-list of the birds of

Connecticut. http://www.ctbirding.org/ct_checklist.htm Connecticut Office of Policy and Management. 1998. Conservation and development

policies plan for Connecticut, 1998-2003. Hartford, Connecticut. Cowardin, L. M., V. Carter, F. C. Golet, and E. T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of

wetlands and deepwater habitats of the United States. U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service Publication FWS/OBS-79/31.

Crecco, V. A. and T. F. Savoy. 1987. Fishery management plan for American shad in

the Connecticut River. Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection, Hartford, Connecticut.

Dahl, T. E. 2000. Status and trends of wetlands in the conterminous United States 1986

to 1997. U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D.C.

Damman, A. W. H. 1979. The role of vegetation analysis and land classification. The

Forestry Chronicle, 55:175-182. Dayton, P. K., S. Thrush, and F. C. Coleman. 2002. Ecological effects of fishing in

marine ecosystems of the United States. Pew Oceans Commission, Arlington, Virginia. Available online at http://www.pewoceans.org.

Dechant, J. A., M. L. Sondreal, D. H. Johnson, L. D. Igl, C. M. Goldade, B. D. Parkin,

and B. R. Euliss. 2003. Effects of management practices on grassland birds: field sparrow. Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, North Dakota. Available online at http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/literatr/grasbird/fisp/fisp.htm


LC - 9

Dechant, J. A., M. L. Sondreal, D. H. Johnson, L. D. Igl, C. M. Goldade, A. L. Zimmerman, and B. R. Euliss. 2003. Effects of management practices on grassland birds: American bittern. Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, North Dakota. Available online at http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/literatr/grasbird/ambi/ambi.htm

Dechant, J. A., M. L. Sondreal, D. H. Johnson, L. D. Igl, C. M. Goldade, M. P.

Nenneman, and B. R. Euliss. 2003. Effects of management practices on grassland birds: marbled godwit. Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, ND. Jamestown, North Dakota. Available online at http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/literatr/grasbird/mago/mago.htm

Dechant, J. A., M. L. Sondreal, D. H. Johnson, L. D. Igl, C. M. Goldade, P. A. Rabie, and

B. R. Euliss. 2003. Effects of management practices on grassland birds: long-billed curlew. Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, North Dakota. Available online at http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/literatr/grasbird/lbcu/lbcu.htm


and B. R. Euliss. 2003. Effects of management practices on grassland birds: willet. Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, North Dakota. Available online at http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/literatr/grasbird/will/will.htm

Dechant, J. A., M. F. Dinkins, D. H. Johnson, L. D. Igl, C. M. Goldade, B. D. Parkin, and

B. R. Euliss. 2003. Effects of management practices on grassland birds: upland sandpiper. Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, North Dakota. Available online at http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/literatr/grasbird/upsa/upsa.htm


Nenneman, and B. R. Euliss. 2003. Effects of management practices on grassland birds: northern harrier. Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, North Dakota. Available online at http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/literatr/grasbird/noha/noha.htm

Dechant, J. A., M. F. Dinkins, D. H. Johnson, L. D. Igl, C. M. Goldade, and B. R. Euliss.

2003. Effects of management practices on grassland birds: Swainson's hawk. Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, North Dakota. Available online at http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/literatr/grasbird/swha/swha.htm


Nenneman, and B. R. Euliss. 2003. Effects of management practices on grassland birds: short-eared owl. Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, North Dakota. Available online at http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/literatr/grasbird/seow/seow.htm


LC - 10


and B. R. Euliss. 2003. Effects of management practices on grassland birds: Sedge Wren. Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, North Dakota. Available online at http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/literatr/grasbird/sewr/sewr.htm


Nenneman, A. L. Zimmerman, and B. R. Euliss. 2003. Effects of management practices on grassland birds: loggerhead shrike. Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, North Dakota. Available online at http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/literatr/grasbird/losh/losh.htm


Nenneman, and B. R. Euliss. 2003. Effects of management practices on grassland birds: grasshopper sparrow. Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, North Dakota. Available online at http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/literatr/grasbird/grsp/grsp.htm

Dechant, J. A., M. L. Sondreal, D. H. Johnson, L. D. Igl, C. M. Goldade, P. A. Rabie, and

B. R. Euliss. 2003. Effects of management practices on grassland birds: Nelson's sharp-tailed sparrow. Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, North Dakota. Available online at http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/literatr/grasbird/nsts/nsts.htm

Dechant, J. A., M. F. Dinkins, D. H. Johnson, L. D. Igl, C. M. Goldade, and B. R. Euliss.

2003. Effects of management practices on grassland birds: vesper sparrow. Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, North Dakota. Available online at http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/literatr/grasbird/vesp/vesp.htm

Dechant, J. A., M. L. Sondreal, D. H. Johnson, L. D. Igl, C. M. Goldade, A. L.

Zimmerman, and B. R. Euliss. 2003. Effects of management practices on grassland birds: dickcissel. Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, North Dakota. Available online at http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/literatr/grasbird/dick/dick.htm

Dechant, J. A., M. L. Sondreal, D. H. Johnson, L. D. Igl, C. M. Goldade, A. L.

Zimmerman, and B. R. Euliss. 2003. Effects of management practices on grassland birds: bobolink. Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, North Dakota. Available online at http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/literatr/grasbird/bobo/bobo.htm

DeGraaf, R. M. and K.E. Evans. 1979. Management of north central and northeastern

forests for nongame birds. U.S.D.A. Forest Service. General Technical Report NC-51:1-268. North Central Forest Experimental Station, St. Paul, Minnesota.


LC - 11

Dettmers, R., and K. V. Rosenberg. 2000. Draft Partners in Flight landbird conservation plan: physiographic area 09: southern New England, 1:1-52. Partners in Flight, Northeast Region, Ithaca, NY. Available online at http://www.blm.gov/wildlife/pifplans.htm.

Dinkins, M. F., A. L. Zimmerman, J. A. Dechant, B. D. Parkin, D. H. Johnson, L. D. Igl,

C. M. Goldade, and B. R. Euliss. 2003. Effects of management practices on grassland birds: horned lark. Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, North Dakota. Available online at http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/literatr/grasbird/hola/hola.htm

Dowhan, J. J. and R. J. Craig. 1976. Rare and endangered species of Connecticut and

their habitats. Report of Investigations No. 6: 1-137. Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection, Natural Resources Center and the State Geological and Natural History Survey of Connecticut, Hartford, Connecticut.

Dreyer, G. D., and M. Caplis, editors. 2001. Living resources and habitats of the lower

Connecticut River. The Connecticut College Arboretum Bulletin No. 37:1-79. New London, Connecticut.

Ducks Unlimited. 2001. Ducks Unlimited’s conservation plan: meeting the annual life

cycle needs of North America’s waterfowl. Available online at http://www.ducks.org/conservation/ conservation_plan.asp.

Eddy, S., and J. C. Underhill. 1974. Northern Fishes. Third edition. University of

Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Ehrlich, P. R., D. S. Dobkin, and D. Wheye. 1988. The birder’s handbook: a field guide

to the natural history of North American birds. Simon and Schuster, Inc., New York, New York.

Elphick, C., J. B. Dunning, Jr., and D. A. Sibley, editors. 2001. National Audubon

Society: the Sibley guide to bird life and behavior. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York, New York.

Ernst, C. H. and R. W. Barbour. 1972. Turtles of the United States: University of

Kentucky Press, Lexington, Kentucky. Evans, A. W. and G. E. Nichols. 1908. The bryophytes of Connecticut. Connecticut

Geological and Natural History Survey Bulletin No.11:1-203. Hartford, Connecticut.

Evans, A. W. and R. Meyrowitz. 1926. Catalogue of the lichens of Connecticut.

Connecticut Geological and Natural History Survey Bulletin No. 37:1-56. Hartford, Connecticut.


LC - 12

Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC). 1997. Vegetation Classification Standard, FGDC-STD 005. Web Address: http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/documents/standards/vegetation/vegclass.pdf.

Flint, R. F. 1930. The glacial geology of Connecticut. State Geological and Natural

History Survey of Connecticut, Bulletin, No. 47:1-294. Hartford, Connecticut. Fonseca, M. S., W. J. Kenworthy, and G. W. Thayer. 1998. Guidelines for the

conservation and restoration of seagrasses in the United States and adjacent waters. NOAA Coastal Ocean Program Decision Analysis Series No. 12:1-222. NOAA Coastal Ocean Office, Silver Spring, Maryland.

Forbush, E. H. 1929. Birds of Massachusetts and other New England states.

Department of Agriculture, Boston, Massachusetts. Fraser, J. 2001. Moist soil habitats for piping plovers. Proceedings of the Coastal

Ecosystems and Federal Activities Technical Training Symposium, August 20-22, 2001, Gulf Shores, Connecticut. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, CD-ROM.

Finch, D. and P. Stangel eds. 1993. Status Management of Neotropical Migratory Birds

U.S.D.A. General Technical Report RM – 229, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado.

Frink, C. R., and W. A. Norvell. 1984. Chemical and physical properties of Connecticut

lakes. Bulletin 817. The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven.

Gall, Lawrence, O’Donnell, Jand and Wagener, Dvid, eds. The Connecticut Butterfly

Atlas, in press. Gibbons, J. W., D. E. Scott, T. J. Ryan, K. A. Buhlmann, T. D. Tuberville, B. S. Metts, J.

L. Greene, T. Mills, Y. Leiden, S. Poppy, and C. Winne. 2000. Reptiles in decline: the global decline of reptiles, déjà vu amphibians. Bioscience 50:653-666.

Gibbons, J. Whitfield and Peter W. Stangel (coordinators). 1999. Conserving amphibians

and reptiles in the new millennium. Proceedings of the Partners in Amphibian and Reptile Conservation (PARC) Conference. Savannah River Ecology Laboratory HerpOutreach Publication 2:1-97. Aiken, South Carolina. Available online at http://www.parcplace.org/publications/index.htm#PARC%20Midwest.

Gilbert, C. R., and J. D. Williams. 2002. National Audubon Society field guide to fishes,

North America, revised edition. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York, New York.


LC - 13

Goodwin, G. C. 1935. The mammals of Connecticut. Connecticut Geological and Natural History Survey, Bulletin 53:1-221. S.Z. Company, New Haven, Connecticut.

Goodwin, R. G. and W. A. Niering. 1966. Connecticut’s coastal marshes: a vanishing

resource. Connecticut Arboretum Bulletin No. 12. revised with supplement. New London.

Groves, C. R., D. B. Jensen, L. L. Valutis, K. H. Redford, M. L. Shaffer, J. M. Scott, J. V.

Baumgartner, J. V. Higgins, M. W. Beck, and M. G. Anderson. 2002. Planning for biodiversity conservation: putting conservation science into practice: BioScience 52: 499-512.

Gruner, H. J. and A. D. Persons. 2003. Farmington Valley Biodiversity Project.

Metropolitan Conservation Alliance/WCS, Farmington River Watershed Association, Simsbury, Connecticut.

Gruner, H. J. and J. Victoria. 2000. Connecticut: State conservation links and

information. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. Available online http://www.ssarherps.org/pages/stateconservation.php#connecticut

Hagstrom, N.T., M.Humphreys, W.A.Hyatt, and W.B.Gerrish. 1995. A Survey of

Connecticut Streams and Rivers, Statewide Summary. Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection. Federal Aid to Sport Fish Restoration F-66-R Final Project Report 153 pp.

Hagstrom, N. T., M. Humphreys, W. A. Hyatt, and W. B. Gerrish. 1996. A survey of

Connecticut streams and rivers, statewide summary. Final Report, F-66-R, State of Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection, Inland Fisheries Division, Bureau of Natural Resources.

Hagstrom, N. T., M. Humphreys, and W. A. Hyatt. 1990. A survey of Connecticut

streams and rivers – Connecticut river tributaries, Scantic River, Mattabesset River, Salmon River, Coginchaug River and Eightmile River drainages. Annual Performance Report, Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration F-66-R-2:1-152. Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection, Inland Fisheries Division, Bureau of Fisheries and Wildlife.

Hagstrom, N. T., M. Humphreys, and W. A. Hyatt. 1992. A survey of Connecticut

streams and rivers – lower Housatonic River and Naugatuck River drainages. Annual Performance Report, Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration F-66-R-4:1-129. Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection, Inland Fisheries Division, Bureau of Natural Resources.

Hamel, P. B. 2000. Cerulean warbler status assessment. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,

Fort Snelling, Minnesota.


LC - 14

Hamer, P. E., J. M. McGurrin, L. C. Leach, M. C. Holliday, and L. M. Schwab, editors.

1991. Interstate fisheries of the Atlantic coast. Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission.

Hammerson, G. A. 2004. Connecticut wildlife: biodiversity, natural history, and

conservation. University Press of New England, Lebanon, New Hampshire. Helinski, R. R. 2001. How much is enough for 2002? A regional wildlife habitat needs

assessment of the 2002 Farm Bill. Wildlife Management Institute Publication, Washington D.C.

Helmers, D. L. 1992. Shorebird management manual. Western Hemisphere Shorebird

Reserve Network. Manoment, Massachusetts. Herkert, J. R. 2003. Effects of management practices on grassland birds: Henslow's

sparrow. Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, North Dakota. Available online at http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/literatr/grasbird/hesp/hesp.htm

Hill, D. E., E. H. Sautter, and W. N. Gonick. 1980. Soils of Connecticut. Connecticut

Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletin 787:1-36. New Haven, Connecticut. Hodgman, T. P., and K. V. Rosenberg. 2000. Partners in Flight landbird conservation

plan: physiographic area 27: northern New England. Version 1:1-52. Partners in Flight, Northeast Region, Ithaca, NY. Available online at http://www.blm.gov/wildlife/pifplans.htm.

Hoffhine, E. F. 2000. Forest change detection, harvest and cover type distinction using

multiple dates of Landsat Thematic Mapper. Masters’ thesis. Department of Forest Management, The University of Maine, Orono, Maine.

Hoffman Black, S. and Vaughan, D. M. (in press) Endangered insects. in V. H. Resh,

and R. Carde, editors. The Encyclopedia of Insects. Academic Press, San Diego, California. Available online at http://www.xerces.org/pubs_merch/articles/Encyclopedia%20article.pdf

Hoffman Black, S., M. Shepard and M. M. Allen. 2001. Endangered invertebrates: the

case for greater attention to invertebrate conservation. Endangered Species UPDATE, 18(2):42-50.

Hoffman, R. 1910. A guide to the birds of New England and eastern New York.

Houghton Mifflin Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts. Hull, S. D. 2003. Effects of management practices on grassland birds: eastern

meadowlark. Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, North


LC - 15

Dakota. Available online at http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/literatr/grasbird/eame/eame.htm

Hurd, J. D., D. L. Civco, C. LaBash, and P. August. 1992. Coastal wetland mapping and

change detection in the northeast United States. Proceedings ASPRS/ACSM/RT’92 Convention, Washington, D.C. 1:130-139.

Hyatt, W. A., M. Humphreys, and N. T. Hagstrom. 1999. A trout management plan for

Connecticut’s rivers and streams. Final Report, F-66-R:1-43. Federal Aid to Sport Fish Restoration. Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection, Inland Fisheries Division, Bureau of Natural Resources, Hartford, Connecticut.

Hylander, C. J. 1928. The algae of Connecticut. Connecticut Geological and Natural

History Survey Bulletin No. 42:1-245. Hartford, Connecticut. Inskipp, T., and H. J. Gillett, H. J., editors. 2003. Checklist of CITES Species.

Compiled by UNEP-WCMC. CITES Secretariat, Geneva, Switzerland and UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, UK. 339pp. and CD-ROM.

Jacobs, R. P., and E. B. O’Donnell. 1996. An electrofishing survey of selected

Connecticut lakes. Final Report, F-57-R-14, State of Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Natural Resources, Inland Fisheries Division, Hartford, Connecticut.

Jacobs, R. P., W. A. Hyatt, and E. B. O’Donnell. 1999. A management plan for bass in

Connecticut waters and recommendations for other warmwater species. Final Report, F-57-R-16:1-45, Federal Aid to Sport Fish Restoration. Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection, Inland Fisheries Division, Bureau of Natural Resources, Hartford, Connecticut.

Jacobs, R. P., and E. B. O’Donnell, editors. 2002. A fisheries guide to lakes and ponds of

Connecticut, including the Connecticut River and its coves. State of Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Natural resources, Inland Fisheries Division, Hartford, Connecticut.

Jann, D. B., R. M. Neumann, and W. A. Hyatt. 1999. Distribution and habitat

characteristics of banded sunfish in Connecticut. Final Report, submitted to the Bureau of Natural Resources, Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection, Hartford, Connecticut. .

Johnson, D. H., L. D. Igl, and J. A. Dechant-Shaffer (Series Coordinators). 2003. Effects

of management practices on grassland birds. Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, North Dakota. Available online at http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/literatr/grasbird/grasbird.htm


LC - 16

Johnson, F. A., and D. J. Case. 2000. Adaptive regulation of waterfowl harvests: Lessons learned and prospects for the future. Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference 65:94-108. Available online at http://migratorybirds.fws.gov/reports/ahm02/johnson-case-2000.pdf.

Johnston, S. 2004. North American waterbird conservation plan. U.S. Fish and Wildlife

and MANEM. Jokinen, E. H. 1983. The freshwater snails of Connecticut. State Geological and Natural

History Survey of Connecticut. Bulletin 109. K.E. K. Pacala (ed). Jones, J. K., Jr., D. C. Carter, and H. H. Genoways. 1975. Revised checklist of North

American mammals north of Mexico. Occasional Papers Museum, Texas Technical University, 28:1-14.

Jones, J. K, Jr., D. C. Carter, H. H. Genoways, R. S. Hoffmann, and D. W. Rice. 1982.

Revised checklist of North American mammals north of Mexico. Occasional Papers Museum, Texas Technical University 80:1-22.

Keller, W. T. 1968. Distributions of the cyclostome through cypriniform fishes found in

the freshwater of Connecticut. Master's thesis (414pp.) Kelley, J. R., Jr. 2003. American woodcock population status, 2003. U.S. Fish and

Wildlife Service, Laurel, Maryland. Available online at http://migratorybirds.fws.gov.

Keys, Jr., J., C. A. Carpenter, S. L. Hooks, F. G. Koenig, W. H. McNab, W. E. Russell,

and M. L. Smith. 1995. Ecological units of the United States - first approximation. U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Technical Publication R8-TP21, Atlanta, Georgia. (map and booklet of map unit tables).

Kingsbury, B., and J. Gibson. 2002. Habitat management guidelines for amphibians and

reptiles of the midwest. Partners for Amphibian and Reptile Conservation (PARC). Available online at http://herpcenter.ipfw.edu/index.htm?http://herpcenter.ipfw.edu/ outreach/MWHabitatGuide/and2.

Klemens, M.W. 1991. Checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Connecticut with

notes on uncommon species. Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection, Bulletin No. 14:1-23. Hartford, Connecticut.

Klemens, M.W. 1993. Amphibians and reptiles of Connecticut and Adjacent Regions.

State Geological and Natural History Survey of Connecticut. Bulletin No.112. Hartford, Connecticut.


LC - 17

Klemens, M.W. 2000. Amphibians and reptiles in Connecticut: a checklist with notes on conservation status, identification, and distribution. Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection Bulletin 32:1-96. Hartford, Connecticut.

Koeln, G. and J. Bissonnette. 2000. Cross-correlation analysis: mapping landcover

change with a historic landcover database and a recent, single-date multispectral image. Proceedings ASPRS Annual Convention, Washington, D.C.

Kress, S.W., and C.S. Hall. 2002. Tern management handbook: Coastal Northeastern

United States and Atlantic Canada. Draft Report submitted to U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Migratory Bird Division, Hadley, Massachusetts.

Kulik, S.P. Salmonsohn, M. Schmidt, and H. Welch. 1984. The Audubon Society Field

Guide to the Natural Places of the Northeast: Coastal Pantheon Books, New York, NY.

Kushlan, J., M. Steinkamp, K. Parsons, J. Capp, M. Acosta Cruz, M. Coulter, I.

Davidson, L. Dickson, N. Edelson, R. Elliot, R. M. Erwin, S. Hatch, S. Kress, R. Milko, S. Miller, K. Mills, R. Paul, R. Phillips, J. E. Savila, B. Sydeman, J. Trapp, J. Wheeler, and K. Wohl. 2002. Waterbird conservation for the Americas: the North America waterbird conservation plan, Version 1:1-78. Waterbird Conservation for the Americas, Washington, D.C.

Lamson, G. H. 1935. The Reptiles of Connecticut: Connecticut Geological and Natural

History Survey Bulletin 54:1-35. LaRoe, E. T., G. S. Farris, C. E. Puckett, P. D. Doran, and M. J. Mac, editors. 1995. Our

living resources: a report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems. U.S. Department of the Interior, National Biological Service, Washington D.C.

Leonard, L. A., K. L. Dixon, and O. H. Pilkey. 1990. A comparison of beach

replenishment on the U.S. Atlantic, Pacific, and Gulf Coasts. Journal of Coastal Research. Special Issue #6:127-140.

Linsley, J. H. 1842. A catalogue of the mammalia of Connecticut, arranged according to

their natural families: American Journal of Science, 43:345-354. Long Island Sound Study. 1994. The comprehensive conservation and management

plan. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Stamford, Connecticut. McNab, W. H. and P. E. Avers. 1994. Ecological subregions of the United States:

section descriptions. USDA Forest Service, WO-WSA-5, Washington, D.C. Mehrhoff, L. J. 1997. Biogeography of New England's grassland flora. Pages 15-33 in

Vickery, P, and P. Dunwiddie, editors. Grasslands of northeastern North


LC - 18

America: ecology and conservation of native and agricultural landscapes. Audubon Society, Lincoln, Massachusetts.

Merriam, Clinton Hart. 1877. A review of the birds of Connecticut, with remarks on

their habitats. Trans. Connecticut Academy of Arts and Science, 4:1-150. Metzler, K. J. and J. P. Barrett. In press. Vegetation classification for Connecticut.

Connecticut Natural Diversity Database, Hartford, Connecticut. Metzler, K.J. and R.W. Tiner. 1992. Wetlands of Connecticut. Connecticut Geological

and Natural Historical Survey, Report of Investigations No. 13: 1-115. Metzler, K. J. and D. L. Wagner. 1998. Thirteen of Connecticut's most imperiled

ecosystems. Internal report (draft) of the State Geological and Natural History Survey of Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection, 79 Elm Street, Hartford, Connecticut.

Mid-Atlantic Fishery Management Council (MAFMC). 1977. Atlantic surfclam and

ocean quahog fishery management plan, as amended. Dover, Delaware. Mid-Atlantic Fishery Management Council (MAFMC). 1983. Atlantic mackerel, squid,

and butterfish fishery management plan, as amended. Dover, Delaware. Mid-Atlantic Fishery Management Council (MAFMC). 1984. Bluefish fishery

management plan, as amended. Dover, Delaware. Mid-Atlantic Fishery Management Council (MAFMC). 1988. Summer flounder, scup,

and black sea bass fishery management plan, as amended. Dover, Delaware. Mid-Atlantic Fishery Management Council (MAFMC). 2000. Tilefish fishery

management plan. Dover, Delaware. Mid-Atlantic Fishery Management Council and New England Fishery Management

Council. 1999. Spiny dogfish fishery management plan. Dover, Delaware. Mid-Atlantic/New England Maritime Regional Working Group for Waterbirds. 2004.

Mid-Atlantic/New England maritime waterbird conservation plan, habitat profiles. http://www.fws.gov/birds/waterbirds/MANEM/Habitat%20Profiles.htm.

Musick, J.A. 1999a. Criteria to define extinction risk in marine fishes. Fisheries 24:6-

14. Musick, J.A. 1999b. Ecology and conservation of long-lived marine animals. Pages 1-

10 in J.A. Musick, editor. Life in the slow lane, ecology and conservation of long-lived marine animals. American. Fisheries Society Symposium, 23.


LC - 19

Musick, J. A., M. M. Harbin, S. A. Berkeley, G. H. Burgess, A. M. Eklund, L. Findley, R. G. Gilmore, J. T. Golden, D. S. Ha, G. R. Huntsman, J. C. McGovern, S. J. Parker, S. G. Poss, E. Sala, T. W. Schmidt, G. R. Sedberry, H. Weeks, and S. G. Wright. 2000. Marine, estuarine, and diadromous fish stocks at risk of extinction in North America (exclusive of Pacific salmonids). Fisheries 25:6-30.

National Marine Fisheries Service and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1991. Recovery

plan for U.S. population of Atlantic green turtle. National Marine Fisheries Service, Washington, D.C.


plan for U.S. population of loggerhead turtle. National Marine Fisheries Service, Washington, D.C.


plan for leatherback turtles in the U.S. Caribbean, Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico. National Marine Fisheries Service, Washington, D.C.

National Marine Fisheries Service and U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1992. Recovery

plan for the Kemp’s Ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys kempii). National Marine Fisheries Service, St. Petersburg, Florida.


plan for hawksbill turtles in the U.S. Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean, and Gulf of Mexico. National Marine Fisheries Service, St. Petersburg, Florida.

National Marine Fisheries Service. 1993. Marine recreational fisherman statistics survey

data. National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeastern Fisheries Science Center, Beaufort, North Carolina.

National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). 1998. Final recovery plan for the shortnose

sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum). Prepared by the shortnose sturgeon recovery team for the National Marine Fisheries Service, Silver Spring, Maryland. 104 pp. Available online at http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/prot_res/readingrm/Recoverplans/snsplan.pdf.

National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). 2001. Our living oceans: the status of

habitat for U.S. living marine resources. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). 1998 (on-line). "Managing Coastal Resources" by William C. Millhouser, John McDonough, John Paul Tolson and David Slade. NOAA's State of the Coast Report. Silver Spring, Maryland. Available online at http://state-of-coast.noaa.gov/bulletins/html/crm_13/crm.html

National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). 2002. Annual report to Congress on the

status of U.S. Fisheries—2001. U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service. Silver Spring, Maryland.


LC - 20

National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). 2003. Final amendment to the fishery

management plan for Atlantic tunas, swordfish and sharks. U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service, Highly Migratory Species Management Division. Silver Spring, Maryland. Available online at http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/sfa/hms/hmsdocuments.html#fmps.

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 1999. Essential fish habitat

designations within the Northeast Region (Maine to Virginia). National Marine Fisheries Service, Gloucester, Massachusetts.

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2002. Environmental Sensitivity

Index Maps. Available online at http://response.restoration.noaa.gov/esi/esiintro.html

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2003. Harbor porpoise (Phocoena

phocoena): Gulf of Maine/Bay of Fundy stock. NOAA Marine Mammals Stock Assessment: 90-103.

NatureServe. 2002. NatureServe Explorer: An Online Encyclopedia of Life.

http://www.natureserve.org/explorer NatureServe. 2003. International ecological classification standard: terrestrial ecological

systems of the United States. Natural Heritage Central Databases, Arlington, VA . New England Fishery Management Council (NEFMC). 1998. Essential fish habitat

(EFH) Amendments. Volume I. Newburyport, Massachusetts. Available online at http://www.nefmc.org.

New England Fishery Management Council (NEFMC). 1999. Atlantic sea herring

(Clupea harengus harengus) fishery management plan. Newburyport, Massachusetts. 376 p. Available online at http://www.nefmc.org.

New England Fishery Management Council (NEFMC). 2003a. Atlantic herring fishery

management plan summary. Newburyport, Massachusetts. Available online at http://www.nefmc.org/herring/summary/herring.pdf.

New England Fishery Management Council (NEFMC). 2003b. Atlantic salmon fishery

management plan summary. Newburyport, Massachusetts. Available online at http://www.nefmc.org/salmon/summary/atlantic_salmon.pdf

New England Fishery Management Council (NEFMC). 2003c. Atlantic sea scallop

fishery management plan summary. Newburyport, Massachusetts. Available online at http://www.nefmc.org/scallops/summary/scallop.pdf.


LC - 21

New England Fishery Management Council (NEFMC). 2003d. Deep-sea red crab fishery management plan summary. Newburyport, Massachusetts. Available online at http://www.nefmc.org/crab/summary/red_crab.pdf.

New England Fishery Management Council (NEFMC). 2003e. Monkfish fishery

management plan summary. Newburyport, Massachusetts. Available online at http://www.nefmc.org/monk/summary/fmp.pdf.

New England Fishery Management Council (NEFMC). 2003f. Northeast multispecies

(large mesh/groundfish) fishery management plan summary. Newburyport, Massachusetts. Available online at http://www.nefmc.org/nemulti/summary/large_mesh_multi.pdf.

New England Fishery Management Council (NEFMC). 2003g. Northeast multispecies

(small mesh/whiting) fishery management plan summary. Newburyport, Massachusetts. Available online at http://www.nefmc.org/mesh/summary/whiting.pdf.

New England Fishery Management Council (NEFMC). 2003h. Northeast Skate

Complex Fishery Management Plan Summary. Newburyport, Massachusetts. Available online at http://www.nefmc.org/skates/summary/skates.pdf.

New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. 2001. Species accounts for

the rare fishes of New York. Division of Fish, Wildlife and Marine Resources, Albany, New York.

Nichols, J. D., F. A. Johnson, B. K. Williams. 1995. Managing North American

waterfowl in the face of uncertainty. Annual Review Ecological Systems, 26:177-199. Available online at http://migratorybirds.fws.gov/reports/ahm02/nichols-johnson-williams-1995.pdf.

Nixon, S. W. and C. A. Oviatt. 1973. Ecology of a New England salt marsh. Ecological

Monograph, 43:463-498. Nordstrom, K. F. 1994. Developed coasts. Chapter 13, pp. 477-509. in R. W. G. Carter

and C. D. Wooddroffe, editors. Coastal Evolution - Late Quaternary Shoreline Morphodynamics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom.

North American Bat Conservation Partnership. 1998. North American Bat Conservation

Partnership (NABCP) strategic plan. Available online at http://www.batcon.org. North American Bird Conservation Initiative (NABCI). 1999. North American bird

conservation initiative strategic plan. Bird Studies Canada, Port Rowan, Ontario, Canada. Available online at http://www.bsc-eoc.org/nabci.html.


LC - 22

North American Bird Conservation Initiative. 2000. Bird conservation regions. U.S. NABCI Committee, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Arlington, Virginia.

Northeast Endangered Species and Wildlife Diversity Technical Committee

(NEES&WDTC). Draft. Northeast wildlife species of regional conservation concern: management and research needs. Northeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies

Northeast Wildlife Administrators. 1997. Nuisance wildlife in the Northeast states:

current issues and future trends. Hadley, Massachusetts. O’Neill, R. V., C. T. Hunsaker, K. B. Jones, K. H. Ritters, J. D. Wickham, P. M.

Schwartz, I. A. Goodman, B. L. Jackson, and W. S. Baillargeon. 1997. Monitoring environmental quality at the landscape scale. Bioscience 47: 513-519.

Partners for Amphibian and Reptile Conservation (PARC). 1999. Amphibian and reptile

conservation program. Partners for Amphibian and Reptile Conservation. Available online at http://www.parcplace.org/publications/index.htm# PARC%20Midwest.

Patton, P. C., and J. M. Kent. 1992. A moveable shore: the fate of the Connecticut coast.

Duke University Press, Durham, North Carolina. Peckarsky, B. L., P. R. Fraissinet, M. A. Penton, and D. J. Conklin, Jr. 1990. Freshwater

macroinvertebrates of northeastern North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York.

Perkins, Simon. 2001. Spring migration report: New England. North American Birds.

55:276. Pew Oceans Commission. 2003. Socioeconomic perspectives on marine fisheries in the

United States. A staff paper (16pp). Pew Oceans Commission, Arlington, Virginia. Available online at http://www.pewoceans.org.

Pew Oceans Commission. 2003. America’s living oceans: charting a course for sea

change: a report to the nation, recommendations for a new ocean policy. Pew Oceans Commission, Arlington, Virginia. Available online at http://www.pewoceans.org.

Peterson, C. H. and L. M. Manning. 2001. How beach nourishment affects the habitat

value of intertidal beach prey for surf fish and shorebirds and why uncertainty still exists. Proceedings of the Coastal Ecosystems and Federal Activities Technical Training Symposium, August 20-22, 2001, Gulf Shores, Connecticut. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, CD-ROM.


LC - 23

Petersen, R. C., 1970, Connecticut's venomous snakes: timber rattlesnake and northern copperhead: Connecticut Geological and Natural History Survey Bulletin103:1-40.

Peterson, R. T. 1980. A field guide to the birds of eastern and central North America.

Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Massachusetts. Peterson, R. T. 1947. A field guide to the birds. Second edition. Houghton Mifflin Co.,

Boston, Massachusetts. Pilkey, O. H., and T. D. Clayton. 1989. Summary of beach replenishment experience on

U.S. East Coast barrier islands. Journal of Coastal Research 5: 147-159. Quinebaug-Shetucket Heritage Corridor, Inc. 2000. Vision 2010: A ten-year plan.

Accessed online at http://www.thelastgreenvalley.org/ten_yr_plan.html Reynolds, R. C., D. F. Stauffer, R. L. Kirkpatrick, and G. W. Norman. 2000.

Appalachian cooperative grouse research project report: a summary of findings from phase I of the research project, 1996-1999. Virginia Tech. Blacksburg, Virginia. Available online at http://www.ruffedgrousesociety.org.

Reid, W. and K. Miller. 1989. Keeping options alive: the scientific basis for conserving

biodiversity. World Resources Institute. Rich, T. D., C. J. Beardmore, H. Berlanga, P. J. Blancher, M. S. W. Bradstreet, G. S.

Butcher, D. Demarest, E. H. Dunn, W. C. Hunter, E. Inigo-Elias, J. A. Kennedy, A. Martell, A. Panjabi, D. N. Pashley, K. V. Rosenberg, C. Rustay, S. Wendt, and T. Will. 2004. Partners in Flight North American landbird conservation plan. Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY.

Riitters, K., J. Wickham, R. O'Neill, B. Jones, and E. Smith. 2000. Global-scale patterns

of forest fragmentation. Conservation Ecology 4:1-28. Available online at http://www.consecol.org/vol4/iss2/art3

Robins, C. R. and G. C. Ray. 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes. The Peterson

Field Guide Series. Houghton Mifflin Company, New York, New York. Rodgers, J. A., Jr., and H. T. Smith. 1995. Set-back distances to protect nesting bird

colonies from human disturbance in Florida. Conservation Biology 9:89-99. Root, T. 1988. Atlas of wintering North American birds: an analysis of Christmas bird

count data. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois. Rosenberg, K. V., S. E. Barker, and R. W. Rohrbaugh. 2000. An Atlas of Cerulean

warbler populations. Cornell Lab or Ornithology, Ithaca, New York.


LC - 24

Rosenberg, K. V. 2004. Partners In Flight Continental Priorities and Objectives defined at the state and bird conservation region levels, Connecticut. Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, New York.

Rudis, V. A. 1999. Ecological subregion codes by county, coterminous United States. A

technical document supporting the 2000 USDA Forest Service RPA assessment. general technical report SRS-36:1-95. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Ashville, North Carolina.

Sader, S. A. and J. C. Winne. 1992. RGB-NDVI colour composite for visualizing forest

change dynamics. International Journal of Remote Sensing 13:3055-3067. Sage, J. H., and L. B. Bishop, assisted by W. P. Bliss. 1913. The birds of Connecticut.

Connecticut Geological and Natural History Survey Bulletin 20:1-370. Salafsky, N., R. Margoluis, and K. Redford. 2001. Adaptive management: a tool for

conservation practitioners. The Biodiversity Support Program, World Wildlife Fund, Inc. Available online at http://www.bsponline.org/bsp/publications/aam/112/titlepage.htm

Salafsky, N., R. Margoluis, K. H. Redford, and J. G. Robinson. 2002. Improving the

practice of conservation: a conceptual framework and research agenda for conservation science. Conservation Biology 16: 1469-1479.

Salafsky, N., D. Salzer, J. Ervin, T. Boucher, And W Ostlie. 2003. Conventions for

defining, naming, measuring, combining, and mapping threats in conservation: an initial proposal for a standard system. Foundations of Success, The Nature Conservancy Measures and Audit Team and Global Priorities Group, Bethesda, Maryland. Draft Working Paper.

Schmidt, K. P. 1953. A check list of North American amphibians and reptiles. Sixth

edition. American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois.

Schoonmaker, P., and W. Luscombe. 2005. Habitat monitoring: an approach for

reporting status and trends for state comprehensive wildlife conservation strategies. Illahee, Portland, Oregon.

Schlutz, E. C., and J. J. Bender. 1993. Trout research and management in Connecticut

lakes and ponds. Final Report, F57R11. State of Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Natural Resources, Fisheries Division, Hartford.

Schultz, E., and R. Neumann. 2003a. Assessment of alewife and blueback herring

populations in Connecticut coastal streams and Connecticut River tributaries.


LC - 25

Fiscal Year 2002 State Wildlife Grant Proposal, submitted to the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection.

Schultz, E., H. Fried, and R. Neumann. 2003b. Anadromous rainbow smelt in

Connecticut: assessment of populations, conservation status, and need for restoration plan. Fiscal Year 2002 State Wildlife Grant Proposal, submitted to the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection.

Schultz, E., H. Fried, and R. Neumann. 2003c. Tomcod in Connecticut: assessment of

populations, conservation status, and need for restoration plan. Fiscal Year 2002 State Wildlife Grant Proposal, submitted to the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection.

Scott, W. B. 1967. Freshwater fishes of eastern Canada. Second edition. University of

Toronto Press, Toronto, Canada. Skidaway Institute of Oceanography. 1981. Saving the American beach: a position

paper by concerned coastal geologists. Results of the First Skidaway Institute of Oceanography Conference on America’s Eroding Shoreline.

Skidaway Institute of Oceanography. 1985. National strategy for beach preservation.

Results of the Second Skidaway Institute of Oceanography Conference on America’s Eroding Shoreline.

Smith, D. R., P. S. Pooler, R. E. Loveland, M. L. Botton, S. F. Michels, R. G. Weber, and

D. B. Carter. 2002. Horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) reproductive activity on Delaware Bay beaches: interactions with beach characteristics. Journal of Coastal Research 18:730-740.

Smith, E. M., E. C. Mariani, A. P. Petrillo, L. A. Gunn, and M. S. Alexander. 1989.

Principal fisheries of Long Island Sound, 1961-1985. Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Conservation and Preservation, Bureau of Fisheries, Marine Fisheries Program.

Sneddon, L., M. Anderson and J. Lundgren. 1998. International classification of

ecological communities: terrestrial vegetation of the northeastern United States. January 1999 working draft. Association for Biodiversity Information / The Nature Conservancy, Eastern Resource Office, Boston, Massachusetts and Natural Heritage Programs of the Northeastern U.S.

Stevenson, B. G. 2003 (Draft). Population decline of the least tern (Sterna antillarum) in

Connecticut: possible causes and remedial actions. Connecticut Ornithological Association, Fairfield, Connecticut.

Stratman, D. 2000. Using micro and macrotopography in wetland restoration. Indiana

Biology Technical Note No. 1:1-7. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural


LC - 26

Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). Available online at http://www.parcplace.org/publications/index.htm#PARC%20Midwest.

Swanson, D. A. 2003. Effects of management practices on grassland birds: Savannah

Sparrow. Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, ND. Jamestown, ND: Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center Home Page. http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/literatr/grasbird/savs/savs.htm (Version 12DEC2003).

Swift, Michael. 2004. Satellite pinpoints state’s sprawl. Hartford Courant. Swengel, A. 1998. Comparisons of butterfly richness and abundance measures in prairie

and barrens. Biodiversity and Conservation. Vol 7 (12). 1639-1659. Thomson, K. S., W. H. Weed III, and A. G. Taruski. 1971. Saltwater fishes of

Connecticut. Connecticut Geological and Natural History Survey Bulletin 105:1-165.

Thomson, K. S., W. H. Weed III, and A. G. Taruski. 1978. Saltwater fishes of

Connecticut. Second edition. Connecticut Geological and Natural History Survey Bulletin 105:1-186.

Thornbury, W. D. 1965. Regional geomorphology of the United States. John Wiley and

Sons, New York, New York. Thorpe, L. M. 1942. A fishery survey of important Connecticut lakes. Bulletin number

63. Connecticut Geological and Natural History Survey, State Board of Fisheries and Game, Hartford.

Thorpe, L. M., P. L. Berrien, and W. T. Keller. 1968. Freshwater fishes of Connecticut.

Connecticut Geological and Natural History Survey Bulletin 101:1-134. The Nature Conservancy. 2000. The five-S framework for site

conservation: a practitioner’s handbook for site conservation planning and measuring conservation success. The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, Virginia. Available online at http://nature.org/summit/files/five_s_eng.pdf. Accessed on July 6, 2004.

Thurman, H. V. 1994. Introduction to oceanography. Macmillan Publishing Company.

New York, New York. Titus, J. G. 1990. Greenhouse effect, sea level rise, and barrier islands: case study of

Long Beach Island, New Jersey. Coastal Management 18:65-90.


LC - 27

Titus, J. G. and V. Narayanan. 1995. The probability of sea level rise. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 230-R95-008:1-186, Washington, D.C.

Trani, M. K. and R. H. Giles, Jr. 1999. An analysis of deforestation: metrics used to

describe pattern change. Forest Ecology and Management, 114:459-470. Trauger, D. L., B. Czech, J. D. Erickson, P. R. Garrettson, B. J. Kernohan, C. A. Miller.

2003. The relationship of economic growth to wildlife conservation. Wildlife Society Technical Review 03-1:1-22.

Trembanis, A. C., H. R. Valverde and O. H. Pilkey. 1998. Comparison of beach

nourishment along the U.S. Atlantic, Great Lakes, Gulf of Mexico and New England Shorelines. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 26: 246-251.

U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy. 2004. An ocean blueprint for the 21st Century. Final

Report of the U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy. Washington, D.C. Available online at http://www.oceancommission.gov.

U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). 2002. National Resources Inventory.

Available online at http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/NRI/ U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Long Island Sound Office. 1994. Long Island

Sound Study – comprehensive conservation and management plan. New York Department of Environmental Protection, Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection. Stamford, Connecticut. Available online at http://www.longislandsoundstudy.net/events/mgmtplan.htm

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Long Island Sound Office. 2004. Long Island

Sound Study - Long Island Sound Stewardship Initiative. New York Department of Environmental Protection, Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection. Stamford, Connecticut.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1993. Total waters database, Version 1.0. U.S.

Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Washington, DC. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Long Island Sound Study, Regional Plan

Association. Draft. Long Island Sound Stewardship Plan. Available online at http://www.rpa.org

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1973. The endangered species act of 1973. Available

online at http://endangered.fws.gov/esa.html#lnk02 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1982. Chesapeake Bay region bald eagle (Haliaeetus

leucocephalus) recovery plan. Newton Corner, Massachusetts.


LC - 28

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1982. Eastern puma ( Felis concolor cougar) recovery plan. Hadley, Massachusetts.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1987. Gray wolf (Canis lupis) recovery plan. Northern

Rocky Mountain Recovery Team, Denver, Colorado. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1989. Sandplain gerardia (Agalinus acuta) recovery

plan. Newton Corner, Massachusetts. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1992. Small whorled pogonia (Isotria medeloides)

recovery plan, first revision. Newton Corner, Massachusetts. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1992. Management plan for American shad in the

Connecticut River Basin. Connecticut River Atlantic Salmon Commission, Sunderland, Massachusetts.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1993. Puritan tiger beetle (Cicindela puritana G. Horn)

recovery plan. Hadley, Massachusetts. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1993. Dwarf wedge mussel (Alasmidonta heterodon)

recovery plan. Hadley, Massachusetts. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1994. Northeastern beach tiger beetle (Cicindela

Dorsalis Dorsalis Say) recovery plan. Hadley, Massachusetts. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1996a. Piping plover (Charadrius melodus), Atlantic

coast population, revised recovery plan. Hadley, Massachusetts. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1996b. American woodcock management plan. Hadley,

Massachusetts. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1998. Roseate tern (Sterna dougallii) Northeastern

population recovery plan, first update. Northeast Roseate Tern Recovery Team, Hadley, Massachusetts.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1998. Expanding the vision: 1998 update, North

American waterfowl management plan. U.S. Department of the Interior, SEMARNAP Mexico, and Canadian Wildlife Service.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1999. Agency draft Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis) revised

recovery plan. Fort Snelling, Minnesota. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2000. Rhode Island national wildlife refuge complex:

draft comprehensive conservation plan and environmental assessment. Hadley, Massachusetts.


LC - 29

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2001. Summary from the marshbird conservation workshop, August 21-22, Denver, Colorado. Available online at http://www.waterbirdconservation.org/marshbdaug01.PDf

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2001. Bog turtle (Clemmys muhlenbergii), northern

population, recovery plan. Hadley, Massachusetts. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2002. Birds of conservation concern 2002. Division of

Migratory Bird Management, Arlington, Virginia. Available online at http://migratorybirds.fws.gov/reports/bcc2002.pdf

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2002. Colonial-nesting waterbirds: a glorious and

gregarious group, fact sheet. U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C. Available online at http://birds.fws.gov/mbmfactsheets.html

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2002. Migratory bird mortality: many human-caused

threats afflict our bird populations, fact sheet. U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C. Available online at http://birds.fws.gov/mbmfactsheets.html.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2002. Shorebirds: Waders of shores, wetlands and

grasslands, fact sheet. U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C. Available online at http://birds.fws.gov/mbmfactsheets.html.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2002. Songbirds: a colorful chorus, fact sheet. U.S.

Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C. Available online at http://birds.fws.gov/mbmfactsheets.html.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2002. Waterfowl breeding population survey New York,

Eastern Ontario, and Southern Quebec 2002. U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C. Available online at http://migratorybirds.fws.gov.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2002. 2001 national survey of fishing, hunting, and

wildlife-associated recreation: Connecticut. U.S. Department of Interior, U.S. Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, U.S. Census Bureau.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2003. Waterfowl population status, 2003. U.S.

Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C. Available online at http://migratorybirds.fws.gov.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2003. Delaware bay shorebird-horseshoe crab

assessment report and peer review. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Migratory Bird Publication R9-03/02:1-99, Arlington, Virginia. Available online at http://migratorybirds.fws.gov.


LC - 30

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2003. Adaptive harvest management: 2003 duck hunting season. U.S. Department of Interior, Washington, D.C. Available online at http://migratorybirds.fws.gov/reports/ahm03/2003-AHM-report.pdf.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2003. A blueprint for the future of migratory birds:

draft strategic plan. U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C. Available online at http://migratorybirds.fws.gov/mbstratplan/mbstratplan.pdf.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2003 (Draft). Blueprint for the future of migratory birds.

U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 5. 2004. Unpublished: an integrated compilation

of Region 5 Migratory and other relevant bird plans for CT; a collaborative effort with CT DEP and TCI.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 5, National Wetlands Inventory available online

at http://www.nwi.fws.gov U.S. Minerals Management Service (US MMS). 2001. Final report: development and

design of biological and physical monitoring protocols to evaluate the long-term impacts of offshore dredging operations on the marine environment. OCS Study MMS 2001-089:1-116.

Valverde, H. R., A. C. Trembanis, and O. H. Pilkey. 1999. Summary of beach

nourishment episodes on the U.S. east coast barrier islands. Journal of Coastal Research 15:1100-1118.

Vaughan, D. M. 2002. Potential impact of road-stream crossings (culverts) on the

upstream passage of aquatic macroinvertebrates. A report submitted to the U.S. Forest Service. Portland, Oregon. The Xerxes Society. Available online at http://www.xerces.org/pubs_merch/articles/Culvert%20Report.PDF

Vogelmann, J. E. 1995. Assessment of forest fragmentation in southern New England

using remote sensing and geographic information system technology. Conservation Biology 9:439-449.

Wagner, D. L., M. W. Nelson, and D.F. Schweitzer. 2003. Early-successional forests

and shrubland habitats in the northeastern United States. Journal of Forest Ecology and Management. 185: 95-112.

Wahle, L., and N. Balcom. 2002. Living treasures: the plants and animals of Long

Island Sound. Third edition. Connecticut Sea Grant Program Publication CT-SG-02-04:1-48.


LC - 31

Warner, J. L. 1975. The bog or Muhlenberg turtle (Clemmys muhlenbergii) in Connecticut, with notes on habits and coloration variations throughout the northern range. Connecticut Herpetological Society Bulletin, March: 2-5.

Waters, J. H. and G. J. Rivard. 1962. Terrestrial and marine mammals of Massachusetts

and other New England states. Standard-Modern Printing Co., Inc., Brockton, Massachusetts.

Wetzel, R. M. 1974. Mammals of Connecticut. Unpublished manuscript draft, University

of Connecticut, Storrs. Wharton, E. H., R. H. Widmann, C. L. Alerich, C. J. Barnett, A. J. Lister, T. W. Lister, D.

Smith, and F. Borman. 2004. The Forests of Connecticut. U.S.D.A. Forest Service and Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection. Northeastern Research Station.

Whitaker, Jr., J. O., and W. J. Hamilton, Jr. 1998. Mammals of the Eastern United

States. Third edition. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York. Whitworth, W. R. 1996. Freshwater fishes of Connecticut. Second edition. State

Geological and Natural History Survey of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection, Bulletin 114:1-243.

Wickham, J. D., K. B. Jones, K. H. Riitters, T. G. Wade and R. V. O’Neill. 1999.

Transitions in forest fragmentation: implications for restoration opportunities at regional scales. Landscape Ecology 14:137-145.

Wiemeyer, S. N., P. R. Spitzer, W. C. Krantz, T. G. Lamont, and E. Cromartie. 1975.

Effects of environmental pollutants on Connecticut and Maryland ospreys. Journal of Wildlife Management 39:124-139.

Wilde, C. W. 1959. A fishery survey of the lakes and ponds of Connecticut. Report

number 1. State Board of Fisheries and Game, Hartford. Williams, J. D., M. L. Warren, Jr., K. S. Cummings, J. L. Harris, and R. J. Neves. 1993.

Conservation status of freshwater mussels of the United States and Canada. Fisheries 18:6-22.

Williams, J. E., J. E. Johnson, D. A. Hendrickson, S. Contreras-Balderas, J. D. Williams,

M. Navarro-Mendoza, D. E. McAllister, and J. E. Deacon. 1989. Fishes of North America endangered, threatened, or of special concern. Fisheries 14:2-20.

Wilkines, K. A., and M. C. Otto. 2003. Trends in duck breeding populations, 1955-

2003. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C. Available online at http://migratorybirds.fws.gov.


LC - 32

Woodley, T. H., and D. M. Lavigne. 1991. Incidental capture of pinnipeds in commercial fishing gear. International Marine Mammal Association Technical Report No. 91-01:1-54. Available online at http://www.imma.org.

Woodley, T. H. 1995. Addressing incidental mortalities of harbour porpoise (Phocoena

phocoena) in groundfish gillnet fisheries of Atlantic Canada. International Marine Mammal Association Technical Report No. 95-02:1-28. Available online at http://www.imma.org.

Woodley, T. H. 1993. Potential effects of driftnet fisheries for albacore tuna (Thunnus

alalunga) on populations of striped (Stenella coeruleoalba) and common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) from the northeast Atlantic. International Marine Mammal Association Technical Report No. 93-02:1-13. Available online at http://www.imma.org.

Zeranski, J. D. and T. R. Baptist. 1990. Connecticut birds. University Press of New

England, Hanover, New Hampshire. Zuckerberg, B., C. R. Griffin, J. T. Finn, D. Goodwin, D. Slaymaker, K. Jones, and K.

Norwood. 2004. A Gap analysis of Southern New England: an analysis of biodiversity for Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, Gap Analysis Program, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection, Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management, Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts