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List 3 pieces of evidence that hinted at the cold war. The Cold War. The Roots of the Cold War . Russian Revolution 1917 Comintern – 1919 organization to spread communisim Red Scare of 1919 Palmer Raids, strikes, etc WWII Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact (Non-aggression pact) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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List 3 pieces of evidence that hinted at the cold war
The Cold War
The Roots of the Cold War
• Russian Revolution 1917– Comintern– 1919 organization to spread
communisim – Red Scare of 1919 • Palmer Raids, strikes, etc
• WWII– Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact (Non-aggression pact)– US Strategy in Europe
Yalta and Potsdam• Disagreements regarding
post-war Europe– Soviets—Buffer states– America– Allies or Self
determination
• Poland, Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, and East Germany became Soviet-run nations either directly or indirectly.
• Yugoslavia –Tito
1946—A View of the Future
• Soviets at war with capitalism• Soviets sought to spread
communism• Soviet ideology was
impervious to logic and reasoning
• Containment was the key to defeat
George Keenan’s
“Long Telegram
• US is attempting to spread influence throughout the world (military and ideological
Novikov Telegram
• “From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of…Central and Eastern Europe.”
Iron Curtain Speech
(Churchill)
The US Plan
Marshall Plan “European Recovery Program”
• Secretary of State, George Marshall • 17 nations 13 billion dollars
• What is the impact of this?
Truman Doctrine– 400,000,000 to aid Turkey and Greece
• British told Truman they were leaving• Soviets looking to access Dardanelles
and Bosporus• Fear of losing access to oil and
Soviet Influence
The New German Division
Yalta=4 zones (Britain, France, US, Soviet)
1948 Britain, France and US =Federal Republic of Germany (or West Germany)
1949 Soviets = German Democratic Republic (East Germany)
1949 Berlin Airlift by allies
• Berlin Blockade by Soviets
– More than 277,000 British and American flights
– 13000 tons– YES TONS of goods in one day
– 2.5 million tons total
NATO Established
• 1949– US, Canada and 10 European nations – An attack against one=an
attack against all– Economic, military and
political cooperation– Obvious contentions in congress???
• 1955—Warsaw pact to counter
Events of 1949• Soviets test an
atomic bomb.– US did not expect it
so soon
• Mao Zedong and the Peoples Republic of China
US Steps up its Game• New Government Bureaucracies
– 1949 Department of Defense– Created from the Navy and War departments• The National Security Council was
developed under the DOD to plan foreign policy– Air Force and Central Intelligence Agency
under NSC
NSC-68
• Developed by Paul Nitze
• Signed by Truman in 1950• Established on the principles
of Keenan’s containment• Military over diplomacy• Buildup of weapons• Research h-bomb• Buildup of forces and
traditional military goods• Make certain the US
militarily superior to Soviets• Required mass money • How were we to get this
money?
• ARMS RACE
The Korean War• June 1950 N Korea, led by Kim Il Sung, attacked S.
Korea• Soviets held responsible
– Assistant SOS said that the relationship between Soviets and N. Korea was like the relationship between “Walt Disney and Donald Duck.”
• Truman warned of domino theory
Ridiculously Brief History of Korea
• Japan occupation 1905—WWII
• Post WWII– Koreas sought independence
• Soviet North and US South until elections held
• Leaders
• Video 1
• N. Invades S.• MacArthur– Troops to Inchon and
drive south• Drive communists N. to border of
China• Communist China enters war• Stalemate near 38th develops • WHAT NOW?
Deaths
35,000 US½ Million South Koreans
½ Million Chinese 1+ Million North Koreans
1953– New Leadership
Eisenhower Continues Truman’s policy of Deterrence
Khrushchev Softens stance but continues on path
Further Escalation
US tests Hydrogen Bomb•750 times more powerful than Hiroshima bomb
Soviets soon began developing a thermonuclear bomb of their own
Race to increase the number of weapons and military goods– Note Espionage Spy planes
Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBM) developed by both countries
Space race – Soviets launch Sputnik in 1957
EisenhowerCovert Containment
• Less money on ground forces and more on Nukes and Air Power
• More CIA agents (15,000 v 6,000)
• More money to anti-communist regimes
Containment Implemented
• US supports Israel and Soviets support Arab interests
• Iran—US helps Shah Pahlavi gain office to prevent communist takeover
Middle East
• US backed takeovers by American-friendly regimes across Latin America• CIA sponsered coup
overthrew elected leader Jacobo Arbenz (left leaning and nationalized land) in Guatemala.
Latin America
• US supports France in their struggle to hold on to Indochina
• This leads to…?
Southeast Asia
Better relations and then…• By 1956 the US was flying recon missions with their new U2 spy plane
undetected 70,000 feet above Soviet Airspace• In 1960 the Soviets shot down Francis Gary Powers • US, not knowing Powers was alive, covered up the incident and in
doing so were made to look bad by the Khrushchev when he released information about Powers and the plane being alive and intact.
• Soviet-US tensions returned to heightened levels and hopes for a more friendly future ended.
Berlin Wall
• Eastern Berliners fleeing to West
• Kennedy refuses to give up W. Berlin
• Soviets begin constructing a wall between E. and W. Berlin
The pinnacle of the Cold War• On October 16, 1962 a U2 spy plane
took photographs of missile-base sites in Cuba
• The Soviets began overtly supporting Castro in Cuba (due to Bay of Pigs)
Options• Further Diplomacy
• Invasion of Cuba
• Blockade of Cuba
• Bombing of Missile Sites