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Knowledge Technologies Institute
Patrick Hoefler (Guest Lecture) 5 Dec 2013 VU SemTech 2013
Linked Open Data
Knowledge Technologies Institute
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Overview
Theoretical Part • Linked Data • Status Quo • RDF Data Cubes !Practical Part
Open Data → Linked Open Data(using LODRefine / OpenRefine)
Knowledge Technologies Institute
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Linked Data
Knowledge Technologies Institute
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Sir Tim Berners-Lee
Photo: W3C
Knowledge Technologies Institute
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What is Linked Data?
“The Semantic Web isn't just about putting data on the web. It is about making links, so that a person or machine can explore the web of data. With linked data, when you have some of it, you can find other, related, data.”
— Tim Berners-Lee
Source: w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html
Knowledge Technologies Institute
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The 4 Rules
1. Use URIs as names for things.
2. Use HTTP URIs so that people can look up those names.
3. When someone looks up a URI, provide useful information, using the standards (RDF, SPARQL).
4. Include links to other URIs, so that they can discover more things.
Source: w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html
Knowledge Technologies Institute
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The 5 Star Scheme
Source: w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html
★ Available on the web (whatever format) with an open license, to be Open Data
★★ As above, plus: Available as machine-readable structured data (e.g. excel instead of image scan of a table)
★★★ All the above, plus: Use non-proprietary format (e.g. CSV instead of Excel)
★★★★All the above, plus: Use open standards from W3C (RDF and SPARQL) to identify things, so that people can point at your stuff
★★★★★ All the above, plus: Link your data to other people’s data to provide context
Knowledge Technologies Institute
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The Linking Open Data Project
“The goal of the W3C SWEO Linking Open Data community project is to extend the Web with a data commons by publishing various open data sets as RDF on the Web and by setting RDF links between data items from different data sources.”
Source: w3.org/.../CommunityProjects/LinkingOpenData
Knowledge Technologies Institute
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The Linked Open Data Cloud
Source: http://richard.cyganiak.de/2007/10/lod/
As of September 2011
MusicBrainz
(zitgist)
P20
Turismo de
Zaragoza
yovisto
Yahoo! Geo
Planet
YAGO
World Fact-book
El ViajeroTourism
WordNet (W3C)
WordNet (VUA)
VIVO UF
VIVO Indiana
VIVO Cornell
VIAF
URIBurner
Sussex Reading
Lists
Plymouth Reading
Lists
UniRef
UniProt
UMBEL
UK Post-codes
legislationdata.gov.uk
Uberblic
UB Mann-heim
TWC LOGD
Twarql
transportdata.gov.
uk
Traffic Scotland
theses.fr
Thesau-rus W
totl.net
Tele-graphis
TCMGeneDIT
TaxonConcept
Open Library (Talis)
tags2con delicious
t4gminfo
Swedish Open
Cultural Heritage
Surge Radio
Sudoc
STW
RAMEAU SH
statisticsdata.gov.
uk
St. Andrews Resource
Lists
ECS South-ampton EPrints
SSW Thesaur
us
SmartLink
Slideshare2RDF
semanticweb.org
SemanticTweet
Semantic XBRL
SWDog Food
Source Code Ecosystem Linked Data
US SEC (rdfabout)
Sears
Scotland Geo-
graphy
ScotlandPupils &Exams
Scholaro-meter
WordNet (RKB
Explorer)
Wiki
UN/LOCODE
Ulm
ECS (RKB
Explorer)
Roma
RISKS
RESEX
RAE2001
Pisa
OS
OAI
NSF
New-castle
LAASKISTI
JISC
IRIT
IEEE
IBM
Eurécom
ERA
ePrints dotAC
DEPLOY
DBLP (RKB
Explorer)
Crime Reports
UK
Course-ware
CORDIS (RKB
Explorer)CiteSeer
Budapest
ACM
riese
Revyu
researchdata.gov.
ukRen. Energy Genera-
tors
referencedata.gov.
uk
Recht-spraak.
nl
RDFohloh
Last.FM (rdfize)
RDF Book
Mashup
Rådata nå!
PSH
Product Types
Ontology
ProductDB
PBAC
Poké-pédia
patentsdata.go
v.uk
OxPoints
Ord-nance Survey
Openly Local
Open Library
OpenCyc
Open Corpo-rates
OpenCalais
OpenEI
Open Election
Data Project
OpenData
Thesau-rus
Ontos News Portal
OGOLOD
JanusAMP
Ocean Drilling Codices
New York
Times
NVD
ntnusc
NTU Resource
Lists
Norwe-gian
MeSH
NDL subjects
ndlna
myExperi-ment
Italian Museums
medu-cator
MARC Codes List
Man-chester Reading
Lists
Lotico
Weather Stations
London Gazette
LOIUS
Linked Open Colors
lobidResources
lobidOrgani-sations
LEM
LinkedMDB
LinkedLCCN
LinkedGeoData
LinkedCT
LinkedUser
FeedbackLOV
Linked Open
Numbers
LODE
Eurostat (OntologyCentral)
Linked EDGAR
(OntologyCentral)
Linked Crunch-
base
lingvoj
Lichfield Spen-ding
LIBRIS
Lexvo
LCSH
DBLP (L3S)
Linked Sensor Data (Kno.e.sis)
Klapp-stuhl-club
Good-win
Family
National Radio-activity
JP
Jamendo (DBtune)
Italian public
schools
ISTAT Immi-gration
iServe
IdRef Sudoc
NSZL Catalog
Hellenic PD
Hellenic FBD
PiedmontAccomo-dations
GovTrack
GovWILD
GoogleArt
wrapper
gnoss
GESIS
GeoWordNet
GeoSpecies
GeoNames
GeoLinkedData
GEMET
GTAA
STITCH
SIDER
Project Guten-berg
MediCare
Euro-stat
(FUB)
EURES
DrugBank
Disea-some
DBLP (FU
Berlin)
DailyMed
CORDIS(FUB)
Freebase
flickr wrappr
Fishes of Texas
Finnish Munici-palities
ChEMBL
FanHubz
EventMedia
EUTC Produc-
tions
Eurostat
Europeana
EUNIS
EU Insti-
tutions
ESD stan-dards
EARTh
Enipedia
Popula-tion (En-AKTing)
NHS(En-
AKTing) Mortality(En-
AKTing)
Energy (En-
AKTing)
Crime(En-
AKTing)
CO2 Emission
(En-AKTing)
EEA
SISVU
education.data.g
ov.uk
ECS South-ampton
ECCO-TCP
GND
Didactalia
DDC Deutsche Bio-
graphie
datadcs
MusicBrainz
(DBTune)
Magna-tune
John Peel
(DBTune)
Classical (DB
Tune)
AudioScrobbler (DBTune)
Last.FM artists
(DBTune)
DBTropes
Portu-guese
DBpedia
dbpedia lite
Greek DBpedia
DBpedia
data-open-ac-uk
SMCJournals
Pokedex
Airports
NASA (Data Incu-bator)
MusicBrainz(Data
Incubator)
Moseley Folk
Metoffice Weather Forecasts
Discogs (Data
Incubator)
Climbing
data.gov.uk intervals
Data Gov.ie
databnf.fr
Cornetto
reegle
Chronic-ling
America
Chem2Bio2RDF
Calames
businessdata.gov.
uk
Bricklink
Brazilian Poli-
ticians
BNB
UniSTS
UniPathway
UniParc
Taxonomy
UniProt(Bio2RDF)
SGD
Reactome
PubMedPub
Chem
PRO-SITE
ProDom
Pfam
PDB
OMIMMGI
KEGG Reaction
KEGG Pathway
KEGG Glycan
KEGG Enzyme
KEGG Drug
KEGG Com-pound
InterPro
HomoloGene
HGNC
Gene Ontology
GeneID
Affy-metrix
bible ontology
BibBase
FTS
BBC Wildlife Finder
BBC Program
mes BBC Music
Alpine Ski
Austria
LOCAH
Amster-dam
Museum
AGROVOC
AEMET
US Census (rdfabout)
Media
Geographic
Publications
Government
Cross-domain
Life sciences
User-generated content
Knowledge Technologies Institute
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Finding Linked Data
The Data Hub / LOD Sindice
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Linked Data Vocabularies
schema.org Linked Open Vocabularies
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Serving Linked DataIntended Use?
• HTML files with embedded data
• RDF files / dump
• SPARQL Endpoints
Data Storage?
• Wrapped Relational DBs
• Triple Stores
Source: w3.org/.../CommunityProjects/LinkingOpenData
Knowledge Technologies Institute
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Status Quo
Knowledge Technologies Institute
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The Linked Open Data Cloud (in Theory)
Source: http://richard.cyganiak.de/2007/10/lod/
As of September 2011
MusicBrainz
(zitgist)
P20
Turismo de
Zaragoza
yovisto
Yahoo! Geo
Planet
YAGO
World Fact-book
El ViajeroTourism
WordNet (W3C)
WordNet (VUA)
VIVO UF
VIVO Indiana
VIVO Cornell
VIAF
URIBurner
Sussex Reading
Lists
Plymouth Reading
Lists
UniRef
UniProt
UMBEL
UK Post-codes
legislationdata.gov.uk
Uberblic
UB Mann-heim
TWC LOGD
Twarql
transportdata.gov.
uk
Traffic Scotland
theses.fr
Thesau-rus W
totl.net
Tele-graphis
TCMGeneDIT
TaxonConcept
Open Library (Talis)
tags2con delicious
t4gminfo
Swedish Open
Cultural Heritage
Surge Radio
Sudoc
STW
RAMEAU SH
statisticsdata.gov.
uk
St. Andrews Resource
Lists
ECS South-ampton EPrints
SSW Thesaur
us
SmartLink
Slideshare2RDF
semanticweb.org
SemanticTweet
Semantic XBRL
SWDog Food
Source Code Ecosystem Linked Data
US SEC (rdfabout)
Sears
Scotland Geo-
graphy
ScotlandPupils &Exams
Scholaro-meter
WordNet (RKB
Explorer)
Wiki
UN/LOCODE
Ulm
ECS (RKB
Explorer)
Roma
RISKS
RESEX
RAE2001
Pisa
OS
OAI
NSF
New-castle
LAASKISTI
JISC
IRIT
IEEE
IBM
Eurécom
ERA
ePrints dotAC
DEPLOY
DBLP (RKB
Explorer)
Crime Reports
UK
Course-ware
CORDIS (RKB
Explorer)CiteSeer
Budapest
ACM
riese
Revyu
researchdata.gov.
ukRen. Energy Genera-
tors
referencedata.gov.
uk
Recht-spraak.
nl
RDFohloh
Last.FM (rdfize)
RDF Book
Mashup
Rådata nå!
PSH
Product Types
Ontology
ProductDB
PBAC
Poké-pédia
patentsdata.go
v.uk
OxPoints
Ord-nance Survey
Openly Local
Open Library
OpenCyc
Open Corpo-rates
OpenCalais
OpenEI
Open Election
Data Project
OpenData
Thesau-rus
Ontos News Portal
OGOLOD
JanusAMP
Ocean Drilling Codices
New York
Times
NVD
ntnusc
NTU Resource
Lists
Norwe-gian
MeSH
NDL subjects
ndlna
myExperi-ment
Italian Museums
medu-cator
MARC Codes List
Man-chester Reading
Lists
Lotico
Weather Stations
London Gazette
LOIUS
Linked Open Colors
lobidResources
lobidOrgani-sations
LEM
LinkedMDB
LinkedLCCN
LinkedGeoData
LinkedCT
LinkedUser
FeedbackLOV
Linked Open
Numbers
LODE
Eurostat (OntologyCentral)
Linked EDGAR
(OntologyCentral)
Linked Crunch-
base
lingvoj
Lichfield Spen-ding
LIBRIS
Lexvo
LCSH
DBLP (L3S)
Linked Sensor Data (Kno.e.sis)
Klapp-stuhl-club
Good-win
Family
National Radio-activity
JP
Jamendo (DBtune)
Italian public
schools
ISTAT Immi-gration
iServe
IdRef Sudoc
NSZL Catalog
Hellenic PD
Hellenic FBD
PiedmontAccomo-dations
GovTrack
GovWILD
GoogleArt
wrapper
gnoss
GESIS
GeoWordNet
GeoSpecies
GeoNames
GeoLinkedData
GEMET
GTAA
STITCH
SIDER
Project Guten-berg
MediCare
Euro-stat
(FUB)
EURES
DrugBank
Disea-some
DBLP (FU
Berlin)
DailyMed
CORDIS(FUB)
Freebase
flickr wrappr
Fishes of Texas
Finnish Munici-palities
ChEMBL
FanHubz
EventMedia
EUTC Produc-
tions
Eurostat
Europeana
EUNIS
EU Insti-
tutions
ESD stan-dards
EARTh
Enipedia
Popula-tion (En-AKTing)
NHS(En-
AKTing) Mortality(En-
AKTing)
Energy (En-
AKTing)
Crime(En-
AKTing)
CO2 Emission
(En-AKTing)
EEA
SISVU
education.data.g
ov.uk
ECS South-ampton
ECCO-TCP
GND
Didactalia
DDC Deutsche Bio-
graphie
datadcs
MusicBrainz
(DBTune)
Magna-tune
John Peel
(DBTune)
Classical (DB
Tune)
AudioScrobbler (DBTune)
Last.FM artists
(DBTune)
DBTropes
Portu-guese
DBpedia
dbpedia lite
Greek DBpedia
DBpedia
data-open-ac-uk
SMCJournals
Pokedex
Airports
NASA (Data Incu-bator)
MusicBrainz(Data
Incubator)
Moseley Folk
Metoffice Weather Forecasts
Discogs (Data
Incubator)
Climbing
data.gov.uk intervals
Data Gov.ie
databnf.fr
Cornetto
reegle
Chronic-ling
America
Chem2Bio2RDF
Calames
businessdata.gov.
uk
Bricklink
Brazilian Poli-
ticians
BNB
UniSTS
UniPathway
UniParc
Taxonomy
UniProt(Bio2RDF)
SGD
Reactome
PubMedPub
Chem
PRO-SITE
ProDom
Pfam
PDB
OMIMMGI
KEGG Reaction
KEGG Pathway
KEGG Glycan
KEGG Enzyme
KEGG Drug
KEGG Com-pound
InterPro
HomoloGene
HGNC
Gene Ontology
GeneID
Affy-metrix
bible ontology
BibBase
FTS
BBC Wildlife Finder
BBC Program
mes BBC Music
Alpine Ski
Austria
LOCAH
Amster-dam
Museum
AGROVOC
AEMET
US Census (rdfabout)
Media
Geographic
Publications
Government
Cross-domain
Life sciences
User-generated content
Knowledge Technologies Institute
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The Linked Open Data Cloud (in Praxis)
Thanks to Kai Schlegel and the CODE team @ University of Passau!
Knowledge Technologies Institute
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RDF Data Cubes
Knowledge Technologies Institute
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Data Cube
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:OLAP_slicing.png
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RDF Data Cube
Vocabulary (and design pattern) for describing multi-dimensional data (such as statistics)
!Based on … • RDF • SDMX (Statistical Data and Metadata eXchange)
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:OLAP_slicing.png
Source: w3.org/TR/vocab-data-cube/
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The Cube Model
Observations contain the actual data (e.g. statistical values)
Dimensions identify the observation (e.g. year, geographic region)
Measures describe the phenomenon being observed (e.g.
number of sales, average age)
Attributes for any additional metadata (e.g. unit of measure)
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:OLAP_slicing.png
Source: w3.org/TR/vocab-data-cube/
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Example RDF Data Cube
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:OLAP_slicing.png
Dimensions Measure
Observations
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Open Data → Linked Open Data
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Today’s Goals
1. Import CSV file into LODRefine (OpenRefine)
2. Turn entity strings into URIs
3. Export as Linked Data
4. Upload to SPARQL Endpoint, explore in CODE Query Wizard,visualize in CODE Vis Wizard
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1) Import CSV file into LODRefine
LODRefine code.zemanta.com/sparkica
!Touristen in Graz
http://data.graz.gv.at/daten/package/touristen-in-graz
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2) Turn entity strings into URIs
German DBpedia: http://de.dbpedia.org/ (e.g. http://de.dbpedia.org/resource/Österreich) !data.gov.uk Time Intervals: datahub.io/dataset/data-gov-uk-time-intervals (e.g. http://reference.data.gov.uk/id/month/2012-01) !OpenRefine – Pad with leading zeros: https://github.com/OpenRefine/
OpenRefine/wiki/Recipes#pad-with-leading-zeroes !OpenRefine – Replace: https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/wiki/
Recipes#replacing-chars-punctuation-etc-using-regular-expressions
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3) Export as Linked Data
URIs for Observations http://kti.tugraz.at/semtech2013/observation/{YEAR}/{ID}
Property “Label”http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label“Gäste in Graz aus {Herkunft} im Zeitraum {Jahr}-{Monat}”
Property “Timespan”http://kti.tugraz.at/semtech2013/vocab/timespan
Property “Region of Origin” http://kti.tugraz.at/semtech2013/vocab/regionOfOrigin
Property “Arrivals”http://kti.tugraz.at/semtech2013/vocab/arrivals
Property “Overnight Stays”http://kti.tugraz.at/semtech2013/vocab/overnightStays
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4) Upload, Explore & Visualize
Upload http://code.know-center.tugraz.at:8890/conductor !SPARQL Endpoint http://code.know-center.tugraz.at:8890/sparql !Explore & Visualize http://code.know-center.tugraz.at Select “Semantic Technologies 2013”
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Recommended Literature
Linked Data: Evolving the Web into a Global Data SpaceRead it for free atlinkeddatabook.com
Knowledge Technologies Institute
Patrick Hoefler (Guest Lecture) 5 Dec 2013 VU SemTech 2013
Thanks :)
