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LinguSQL Development Tool for Reliable

Database Application

RUTI-AgI Team Fasilkom UI

August 2005

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Ruti-AgI Research

– Title AGi Research:

Developing Technology for Specifying and Generating Critical Data Processing Programs

– Sponsored by:Menristek NKRI – RUTI Batch II grant 2003-2005

– Collaborate with:Software Technology Group, Utrecht University, The Netherlands

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Ruti-AgI Fasilkom UI Team

● Research Team– Heru Suhartanto

(Principle Investigator)– L.Y. Stefanus– Belawati Wijaya– Siti Aminah– Ade Azurat – Jimmy

● Programmer Team (Jan-June 2005)

– Rikky Wenang – Sirajuddin Maizir– Budiono Wibowo

● Programmer Team (July-Dec 2005)

– Carroline D. Puspa– Theresia Budiyanti– Slamet

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Ruti-AgI Long Term Target

● Develop Indonesia's competitive strength on software development,

● especially on the key factors: robustness and correctness, of the software product

● by applying the latest technology innovation to solve the current problems.

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Activities and Achievements● xMech - AGMech prototype (open source).● µPL2Java (Copyright registered).● Compositional implementation of programming Logic.● Critical module analysis of SET application (SPMB) ● Lingu Library for HOL Theorem Prover (LinguHOL)● Specification of 7 critical modules of SET● Verification of 7 critical modules of SET in LinguHOL.● Lingu - Java transformer● Formalization of SET Problem in Atelier-B (comparative study)

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Publication1. A. Azurat, et al. Towards Automated Verification of Database Scripts. TPHOLS, UK 2005.

2. B. Wibowo, R. Wenang, & S. Maizir. LinguSQL: A Verification and Transformation Tool for Lingu. SNIKTI, 2005.

3. J. Bong, & H. Suhartanto. Penerjemah MuPL2Java: Transformasi Bahasa Spesifikasi ke Bahasa Pemrograman. SNIKTI, 2005.

4. H. Suhartanto, et al. Technology for Specifiying and Generating Critical Data Processing Programs. QIR, 2005.

5. R. Wenang, et al. LinguSQL: A Verification and Transformation Tool for Database Application.

6. I.S.W.B. Prasetya, et al. Building Verification Condition Generators by Compositional Extensions. IEEE-SEFM, German, 2005.

7. I.S.W.B. Prasetya, A. Azurat, T.E.J. Vos, A. van Leeuwen, H. Suhartanto, Theorem Prover Supported Logics for Small Imperative Languages, Institute of Information and Computing Sciences, Utrecht University, 2005.

8. J. Bong & H. Suhartanto, Penerapan Attribute Grammar dalam Penerjemahan Bahasa Spesifikasi Lingu ke Bahasa Pemrograman Java, KNSI 2006 Bandung.

9. J. Bong, Pengembangan Penerjemah Lingu ke Java dengan Attribute Grammar, Master Thesis, Faculty of Computer Science UI 2006.

10. S. Aminah, Penerapan Formal Method pada study kasus SPMB dengan Atelier-B, Master Thesis, Faculty of Computer Science UI 2006.

11. T. Budiyanti, Pengembangan Software dengan Refinement Menggunakan Metode B, KNSI Bandung 2006

12. C. D. Puspa, Implementasi Prototype Lingu (Little Language) pada Studi Kasus SPMB, KNSI Bandung 2006

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Problem Statement

● Critical software requires intensive formal testing and verification,– difficult – expensive

● Legacy code– dynamic technology– static functional specification– re-usability vs re-engineering

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State of the Art

● Reliable software– open problem

● complexity, undecidability● state explosion problem

– domain specific solution● hardware verification

– Required highly qualified expertises:

● NASA● Intel

● Program Transformation– on demand, specific

➔ costly– academic tool

● Stratego, Utrecht Netherlands

– no integration with reliable software development

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What is Lingu?

● A Lightweight language to program data transformation on database integrated with verification and formal testing .

● Domain Specific Language● High level Language.● No optimization features (e.g. No Arrays nor pointer).● Small. Limited constructs

(e.g. no String[n] nor sort by modifier)

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What is LinguSQL?

LinguSQL:

IDE (Integrated Development Environment)

for

reliable database application.

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Why Research ?

● open problem– some technical issues are debatable subjects

● experimental tool– additional analysis for the open problem.

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Related work● Comparison study with B (Atelier-B)

– B is a method, theory & language, developed by Abrial– It is supported by commercial tools (Atelier B & B-ToolKit)– It is used by many industries (MATRA, IBM, Siemens)– Software development with B starts from creating abstract

models, then refine them into concrete models– Refinement is central of B method– All of the B components are written using Abstract

Machine Notation (AMN)

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SET implementation in B

● B is general formal method, not specially dedicated for data processing problem

● B method lacks the abstraction mechanisms supported by the database conceptual languages

● Problems in the SET implementation: – What is a proper abstraction for database structure like

records?● Solution

– Record is modeled as constant mapping

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SET implementation in B (cont.)

● Records of data is modeled as set● Field of record is modeled as function from set of records to

other set which become field type. ● With this approach, abstract machines are directly refined to

implementation machines using some library machines● This approach can be adopted by other data processing

problems

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Comparison Result

● Atelier B– Take some time to understand the concept and the tool– Difficult to prove– Too much detail– Low level verification

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Comparison Result (summary)

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LinguSQL: The Innovation

● The use of Lingu language and program transformation technology based on Attribute Grammar

● The application of higher order logic on program verification especially on database application.

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LinguSQL: Features

● Code Transformation from Lingu to Java● Formal program verification with theorem prover (HOL)

support for database application● Integrated testing with sample data generator. Tester

should only list the scenario to be tested.

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Translator Lingu to Java

● Background– Legacy code

● Programming language emerge quickly. The availability of old language programmer is low.

● Re-engineering in new programming language has high risk of error.

– Alternative Solution● Translate the program directly by automatic tool.

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Progress

● MuPL2Java– Translate MuPL (Lingu's early version) in to Java– Development of automatic tool using JavaCUP

● Tranlator Lingu to Java– Part of LinguSQL– Development of automatic tool using JavaCC

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Translator Lingu to Java

● Result– Lingu Program is represented as data structure in UUAG.– Using combinatoric tecnology of Parser and scanner in

Haskell – Semantic translation using pretty printing library in UUAG– Has been used in SET case study.

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LinguSQL: The Advantages

● one source code written in high level language for several executable code.

● Testing Scenario● integrated Theorem prover interface ● integrated testing with generated sample data

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LinguSQL for APICTAN

● Improve the quality of APICTAN's software product● Eliminate future legacy code problem and efficient

investment of software● Technological leap as one of the key success factors

to compete in the global market of software and information technology

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Status

● Prototype – used only on specific domain problem.● Copy right registered● Seven (7) Critical modules on SET application has

been verified and generated (Java code).● Some expected features are not completed yet,

especially on domain specific data sample generator

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LinguSQL Alpha 0.1

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Run Test Scenario

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Verification- Proof check

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Transform Lingu to Java

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Future Work

● next 6 months– additional proof-library– better user interface

● next 12 months– complete support on

database test generator– more examples on database

application– some technical reports

● next 18 months (beta version)– support for more general

application– comprehensive reference

manual● next 24 months

(commercial product)– transformation to other

languages (C++, Ada)– more examples