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Light Weight Architecture revisited: the way of the future?by Gerrit Muller University of South-Eastern Norway-NISE
e-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
Technological developments change the consumer electronics market into a verydynamic market. CE manufacturers are used to realize product innovation bymeans of standardization, inside products as well as between products. Standard-ization and innovation are often conflicting activities. An approach is discussed tooptimize the balance, based on ”light-weight architectures”.The weight of an architecture determines how easy an architecture can berealized, changed and applied. An heavy architecture has many mandatory rules,which apply always and everywhere, with a large degree of detail. An heavyarchitecture provides a lot of certainties and control, but is more difficult to adaptto changing circumstances.
Distribution
This article or presentation is written as part of the Gaudí project. The Gaudí projectphilosophy is to improve by obtaining frequent feedback. Frequent feedback is pursued by anopen creation process. This document is published as intermediate or nearly mature versionto get feedback. Further distribution is allowed as long as the document remains completeand unchanged.
September 1, 2020status: finishedversion: 0.0
Effe
ctiv
enes
s
architecture weight
(for dynamic markets and fast changing technologies)
very low low medium high
overall
effectiveness
Manageability
Flexibility
= Flexibility * Manageability
What is Architecture?
Do the right things
Do the things right
HowGuiding
WhyUnderstanding
WhatDescribing
Light Weight Architecture revisited: the way of the future?2 Gerrit Muller
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LWAwhatIsArchitecture
Table of Contents
1. Do the right things; The Dynamic Market
2. Do the things right; Light-weight Architecture
25 Kg
Why What How
Understanding Describing Guiding
On/Off
This appliance may only be used for non commercial use
accuracy +/- 200 g
Light Weight Architecture revisited: the way of the future?3 Gerrit Muller
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LWA2tableOfContents
Part 1:Do the right things;
The Dynamic Market
Light Weight Architecture revisited: the way of the future?4 Gerrit Muller
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Value chain
ProvidersUPC
Canal+ AOL
AT&T
RetailersFry's
Dixon
Consumers BoonstraPeper
KokChirac
Blair
PietersenSmith
Jones
Jansen
Muller
Kleisterlee
Clinton
v.d. Spijker
Meulengraafder Kinderen
Reinders
Bush
Rooyakkers
de Vries
Koch
d'Oliviera
van Oranje
Obbink
v.d. HamerCharite
Cruijf
Neeskensvan Hanegem
Goedkoop
Sharon
El Khatabi
de Gruijter
Heijn
Schijvens
Waterreus
Leonardo
van Bommel
Nistelrooij
Gandhi
Pinochet
Bakker
v.d. Meulen
Hoessein
Schroder
Schweitzer
Peters
Gore
System IntegratorsSony Philips CE-DN
Loewe
NokiaPhilips CE-TV
Philips CE-PCC
Component and
Platform SuppliersPhilips Semiconductors
Philips Components ST
TI
Samsung
Microsoft
Intel
Liberate
Micron
LG
It's
Prodi
Light Weight Architecture revisited: the way of the future?5 Gerrit Muller
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LWAvalueChain
Convergence
Telecom
Consumer
Computer
Light Weight Architecture revisited: the way of the future?6 Gerrit Muller
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LWAconvergence
Integration and Diversity
mp3
dvd
set top box
flat display
pen
speech
cable
modem
firewall
Ambient Intelligence
living room
car
car navigation
pda
surveillance
camera
camera
GSM phone
computerCommunicator
television
games
sailboat
audio
microset
headphone
garment
watch
Light Weight Architecture revisited: the way of the future?7 Gerrit Muller
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LWAintegrationAndDiversity
Uncertainty (Dot.Com effect)
AOL
Amazon.com
source: BigChart.com
dd march 19, 2001
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Light Weight Architecture revisited: the way of the future?8 Gerrit Muller
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LWAdotcom
Moore’s law
1965 1979
2000 1990
1 kB
64 kB2 MB
Moore's law
Fro
m: C
OP
A tu
toria
l, R
ob
va
n O
mm
erin
g
Light Weight Architecture revisited: the way of the future?9 Gerrit Muller
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LWAmooresLawRvO
System Integrator Problem Space - Business
time to
marketeffort
10 100
digital TV
GSM
application
infrastructure
1 10
100
manyearmonths
volume
units
106
103
personalized
(skins, themes)
TV
1000
1
GSM
Light Weight Architecture revisited: the way of the future?10 Gerrit Muller
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LWAproblemSpaceBusiness
System Integrator Problem Space - Technology
106
109
1012
performance power
10-3
1
home
server
digital TVhome
server
digital TV
GSM
GSM
storage
106
109
1012
digital TV
home
server
GSM
Operations/s Watt Byte
103
Light Weight Architecture revisited: the way of the future?11 Gerrit Muller
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LWAproblemSpaceTechnology
System profile
Problem space
106
109
1012
home
server
digital TV
GSM
Operations/s
10-3
1
home
server
digital TV
GSM
103
106
109
1012
digital TV
home
server
GSM
Byte
10
application
infrastructure
1
100
monthsunits
106
103
TV
1
GSM
personalized
(skins, themes)
100
digital TV
GSM
10
manyear
1000
pe
rform
an
ce
po
we
r
sto
rag
e
time
to
ma
rke
t
vo
lum
e
effo
rt
Watt
Light Weight Architecture revisited: the way of the future?12 Gerrit Muller
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Semiconductors Technology solutions
106
109
1012
performance power
10-3
1
home
server
digital TVhome
server
digital TV
GSM
GSM
Operations/s Watt
103
Motion
detector MPEG
decoder
MP3
WAP
TCP/IP
Bluetooth
1394
USB
802.11
TriMedia
MIPS
ARM
Real
GSM
GPS
pSOS
WinCE
RF
amp
Light Weight Architecture revisited: the way of the future?13 Gerrit Muller
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LWAsolutionSpaceTechnology
Partial Solution: Configurable Component Platform
watch
digital TV
set top box
communicator
pda
MP
EG
de
co
de
r
MP
3
TC
P/IP
Blu
eto
oth
13
94
TriM
ed
ia
MIP
S
AR
M
Re
al
GS
M
GP
S
pS
OS
Win
CE
RF
am
p
camcorder
required
optional
Technologies
Systems
Light Weight Architecture revisited: the way of the future?14 Gerrit Muller
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LWAsystemTechnologyMap
Exploring problem space and solution ingredients
Increase
supplier
content
Programmability,
flexibility
Family of
products
Configurability
Competitive
Performance /
cost / power
Solution
ingredients
Composable
Architecture
Problem space
106
109
1012
home
server
digital TV
GSM
Operations/s
10-3
1
home
server
digital TV
GSM
103
106
109
1012
digital TV
home
server
GSM
Byte
10
application
infrastructure
1
100
monthsunits
106
103
TV
1
GSM
personalized
(skins, themes)
100
digital TV
GSM
10
manyear
1000
pe
rform
an
ce
po
we
r
sto
rag
e
time
to
ma
rke
t
vo
lum
e
effo
rt
Watt
watch
digital TV
set top box
communicator
pda
MP
EG
de
co
de
r
MP
3
TC
P/IP
Blu
eto
oth
13
94
TriM
ed
ia
MIP
S
AR
M
Re
al
GS
M
GP
S
pS
OS
Win
CE
RF
am
p
camcorder
required
optional
Technologies
Systems
Light Weight Architecture revisited: the way of the future?15 Gerrit Muller
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LWAfromStakeholderToQualities
More than Architecture
From: COPA tutorial;
Philips SW conference 2001.
Architecture only works if the complementary
viewpoints are addressed consistently
BBusiness
OOrganization
PProcess
AArchitecture
Light Weight Architecture revisited: the way of the future?16 Gerrit Muller
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LWAbapoFramework
Conclusions Part 1
What
Describing
WhyUnderstanding
dynamic marketconvergence integration
diversity
configurablecomponent platform
portfolio and familyarchitecture
How
Guiding
?
Light Weight Architecture revisited: the way of the future?17 Gerrit Muller
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LWA2conclusionsPart1
Part 2:Do the things right: light-weight architecture;Architectural Chaos or Bureaucratic Control?
Light Weight Architecture revisited: the way of the future?18 Gerrit Muller
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Architecture Weight
scope (impact) ,
level of enforcement ,
size,level of coupling or
number of dependencies
= f (
)
weight (rule) guideline
portfolio
weight
multi-page
builds on
many rulesstand-alone
productcomponent
weight(architecture) = weight(rule)all rules
conditional
rule
mandatory
rule
single-line multi-line
low high
Rule
1
25 KgOn/Off
Rule
1Rule
2
Rule
1Rule
1
Rule
1 Rule
n
Light Weight Architecture revisited: the way of the future?19 Gerrit Muller
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LWAarchitectureWeight
Scope and Impact
Business or Portfolio
Product Family
Product
Subsystem
Component
n
m
n
m
n
m
n
m
Heavy-weight
High impact
Large scope
Small scope
Low impact
Light-weight
Light Weight Architecture revisited: the way of the future?20 Gerrit Muller
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LWAarchitectureScope
Criterions for an Architecture
Business
manager
Engineers
bottomline
future growth
guidance
understandability
accessibility
product feasibility
implementation
decoupling
solution freedom
being informed
functionality
performance
timely available
acceptable cost
Customer
Suppliers
Architecture
Feedback
Responsiveness
Solution Freedom
Communicable
EvolutionOpen
Light Weight Architecture revisited: the way of the future?21 Gerrit Muller
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LWAstakeholdersArchitecture
Weight versus Effectiveness
Effe
ctiv
enes
s
architecture weight
for dynamic markets and fast changing technologies
very low low medium high
ManageabilityIntegration
Interoperability
Providing control
FlexibilityEvolution
Responsiveness
Maintenance
Light Weight Architecture revisited: the way of the future?22 Gerrit Muller
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LWAeffectivenessCurves
Conclusion Part 2
Effe
ctiv
enes
s
architecture weight
(for dynamic markets and fast changing technologies)
very low low medium high
overall
effectiveness
Manageability
Flexibility
= Flexibility * Manageability
Light Weight Architecture revisited: the way of the future?23 Gerrit Muller
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LWAeffectiveness
Light Weight How -To
weight(architecture) =
all rules
weight(rule)
2. Minimize the weight per rule
1. Reduce the rule set to the (business) essential
Understand
· your customer
· your customer's customer
etcetera
Light Weight Architecture revisited: the way of the future?24 Gerrit Muller
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LWAlightWeightHow
Minimize Rule Weight
scope (impact) ,
level of enforcement ,
size,
level of coupling or
number of dependencies
f (
)
weight(rule)= minimize number of mandatory rules
empower, delegate
minimize implementation details
focus on essential concepts
Apply design principles on architecture
Multi-view architecting
Light Weight Architecture revisited: the way of the future?25 Gerrit Muller
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LWAlightWeightRuleHow
Size example: from detail to concept
ARM 922T
ARM 9
ARM
ISA compatible
no constraint
minimize implementation details
focus on essential concepts
1. Reduce the rule set to the (business) essential
by the way, is this rule essential?
Every processor will be:
able to run VxWorks
OS compatible
heavy
medium
light
Light Weight Architecture revisited: the way of the future?26 Gerrit Muller
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LWA2detailToConcept
Scope example
all programmable functionality
all programmable control
SW control > 10 kloc
empower, delegatescope (impact) ,
use ARM ISA compatible processor for:
heavy
medium
lightno constraint
Light Weight Architecture revisited: the way of the future?27 Gerrit Muller
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LWA2scopeExample
Example product scope of rules
flat displayGSM phone
televisionwatch
car
Communicator
pda
pen
ARM ! ARM ? ARM ??ARM ?
and what about OS:
PalmOS, Symbian, WindowsCE, Linux,
VxWorks, dedicated kernel, ...and what about programming language, storage,
network, power, protocols, formats, user interface, ...
Light Weight Architecture revisited: the way of the future?28 Gerrit Muller
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LWA2exampleProducts
Summary
Problem space
106
109
1012
home
server
digital TV
GSM
Operations/s
10-3
1
home
server
digital TV
GSM
103
106
109
1012
digital TV
home
server
GSM
Byte
10
application
infrastructure
1
100
monthsunits
106
103
TV
1
GSM
personalized
(skins, themes)
100
digital TV
GSM
10
manyear
1000
pe
rform
an
ce
po
we
r
sto
rag
e
time
to
ma
rke
t
vo
lum
e
effo
rt
Watt
2. Optimal architecture: Light weight !
1. Dynamic Market: Understand Your Customer
Effe
ctiv
enes
s
architecture weight
very low low medium high
overall
effectiveness
Light Weight Architecture revisited: the way of the future?29 Gerrit Muller
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LWA2summary