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1 © NOKIA From GSM to UMTS.PPT / 19.01.2005 / A.Ahtiainen

Mobile Networking Evolution from GSM to UMTS

Ari AhtiainenNokia Research Center

T-110.456 Next generation cellular networks HUT Telecom SW and Multimedia Lab

January 2005


Contents

• Early history and some basics of radio communications• Evolution from GSM to UMTS

• From Analogue to Digital• Service Reachability• Packet Data and Higher Speeds• First UMTS system: 3GPP Release 99• Second UMTS system: 3GPP Release 4• Third UMTS System: 3GPP Release 5

• Beyond Release 5: Cellular-WLAN Interworking


Early history of radio communications

Reginald Fessenden 1866-1932Voice transmission over radio 1906

It all started more than 100 years ago

Heinrich Hertz, 1857-1894Electromagnetic waves 1887

Guglielmo Marconi 1874-1937First radio 1897


Driver 1: Radio spectrum availability

Multiple access schemes• "keep away from my frequency" (Titanic 1912)

• FDMA - Frequency Division Multiple Access (since 1920s)• radio broadcasting• regulation of frequencies was started• 1st generation mobile systems (NMT, TACS, …)

• TDMA Time Division Multiple Access (1980-)• 2nd generation mobile systems: GSM, US-TDMA, PDC• narrowband systems

• Code Division Multiple Access (late 1990s-)• 3rd generation mobile systems: WCDMA, CDMA2000


Driver 2: Technological breakthroughs

Cellular system concept (AT&T 1946)

Vacuum tube (Fleming 1915) ⇒radio receivers for public broadcasting

Microprocessor (Intel 1971)⇒mobile phones for public mobile

telecommunications


3GPP - Third Generation Partnership ProjectARIB - Association of Radio Industries and BusinessesCWTS - China Wireless Telecommunication Standard groupETSI - European Telecommunications Standards InstituteT1 - Standards Committee T1 TelecommunicationsTTA - Telecommunications Technology AssociationTTC - Telecommunication Technology Committee

GSM - Global System for Mobile CommunicationsUMTS - Universal Mobile Telecommunications System

IETF - Internet Engineering Task ForceITU-R - International Telecommunication Union -RadiocommunicationITU-T - International Telecommunication Union -Telecommunication Standardization

Global Standardization

With With OMA,

OMA, UMTS Forum, GSM

UMTS Forum, GSM--A, GSA, A, GSA, 3G.IP,

3G.IP,

MWIF,MWIF, UWCC, Games Forum, Liberty,

UWCC, Games Forum, Liberty, MobeyMobey,,

MeTMeT, W3C, Java,

, W3C, Java, WiMAXWiMAX, , SyncML

SyncML, , BluetoothBluetooth SIG,

SIG,

3GPP2, IEEE,

3GPP2, IEEE,……

•3GPP is responsible for system architecture standardisation for GSM/WCDMA

•IETF protocols to be used as applicable in 3GPP systems

•Role of local / regional standards organisations has decreased.

•3GPP2 is standardisingcdma2000 evolution

•Industry forums and de facto standards to play increasing role in market making, technology development andstandardisation


From Analogue to Digital: GSM System

MS

HLR/AuC/EIR

MSC/VLRBTSX.25

ISDNPSTN PSPDN

CSPDN

Network Management (NMS)

BSS NSS

Um A


Service Reachability in GSM

MS

HLR/AuC/EIR

MSC/VLRBTSX.25

ISDNPSTN PSPDN

CSPDN


BSS NSS

Um A

VAS

IN


Packet Data and Higher Speeds in GSM

MS

HLR/AuC/EIR

MSC/VLRBTSX.25

ISDNPSTN PSPDN

CSPDN


BSS NSS

Um A

VAS

INHW&SW Changes for GPRS & EDGE

GPRS Packet Core

Gb

Internet

Other Data NW


First UMTS System: 3GPP R99

MS

HLR/AuC/EIR

BTSX.25

ISDNPSTN PSPDN

CSPDN


GERAN CN CS Domain

Um

A

CN PS Domain

Gb

BSUTRAN

Uu

UE

3G MSC/VLR

Iu

IuInternet

Other Data NW

VAS & CAMELBROWSING FUNCTIONALITYUMTS SIM APPLICATION TOOLKIT (USAT)LOCATION BASED SERVICES (LCS)


Second UMTS System: 3GPP R4

MS

HLR/AuC/EIR

BTSX.25

ISDNPSTN PSPDN

CSPDN


GERAN

CN CS DomainUm

CN PS DomainBS

UTRAN

Uu

UE

Internet

Other Data NW


CS-MGW

MSC Server

CS-MGWA

Iu

Gb

Iu


UMTS Today: 3GPP R5

MS

HSS

BTSX.25

ISDNPSTN PSPDN

CSPDN


GERAN

CN CS DomainUm

CN PS Domain

BSUTRAN

Uu

UE

Internet

Other Data NW

CS-MGW

MSC Server

IMS

CS-MGW


Iu

Iur-g


WLAN Interworking in Rel 6-7

There are six so-called “Service Scenarios” which WLAN-IW should provide:

Scenario 1 - Common Billing and Customer Care• Single customer relationship• Customer receives one bill from the mobile operator for the usage of both 3GPP and

WLAN services• Does not pose any new requirements on 3GPP specifications

Scenario 2 - 3GPP system based Access Control and Charging• Authentication, authorization and accounting are provided by the 3GPP system• The security level of these functions applied to WLAN is in line with that of the 3GPP

system• User does not see significant difference in the way access is granted

3GPP is developing a cellular - WLAN interworking architecture, as an add-on to the existing 3GPP cellular system specifications


WLAN Interworking in Rel 6-7Scenario 3: Access to 3GPP system PS based services • Extends 3GPP system PS based services to the WLAN, e.g. IMS based services,

location based services, instant messaging, presence based services

Scenario 4: Service Continuity• Allows the services supported in Scenario 3 to survive a change of access between

WLAN and 3GPP systems• Change of access may be noticeable to the user, but there will be no need for the

user/UE to re-establish the service• There may be a change in service quality

Scenario 5: Seamless services• Provide seamless service continuity between the access technologies, for the

services supported in Scenario 3• Means minimizing aspects such as data loss and break time during the switch

between access technologies

Scenario 6: Access to 3GPP CS Services• Allows access to services provided by the entities of the 3GPP Circuit Switched

Core Network over WLAN.


We have come a long way since …


… and the evolution goes on

Thanks!

Documents

From GSM to UMTS - Aalto GSM to UMTS.pdf · 6 © NOKIA From GSM to UMTS.PPT / 19.01.2005 / A.Ahtiainen ... CS-MGW MSC Server A CS-MGW Iu Gb Iu. 12 © NOKIA From GSM to UMTS.PPT