Lifecycle Energy Management in the Tohoku Electric Power

Lifecycle Energy Management

in the Tohoku Electric Power Company

Head Office Building

Hideki Yuzawa (NIKKEN SEKKEI Research Institute)

Takeshi Kondo (NIKKEN SEKKEI Research Institute)

Shinji Okuda (Tohoku Electric Power)

APCBC presentation in ICEBO

(Asia Pacific Conference on Building Commissioning)

Sept. 2014, Beijing, China

ICEBO2014 NSRI Hideki Yuzawa ⓒ2014 [email protected] Passion for sustainable cities 1

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Proceedings of the 14th International Conference for Enhanced Building Operations, Beijing, China, September 14-17, 2014


Acknowledgements

Building Manager / Tohoku electric power co., Inc

Shinji Okuda, Tokuro Kurihara, Akinori Yokosawa

Owner and Building operator / Higashi Nihon Kougyo co., Inc

Shuji Shikano, Minoru Sasaki

Designer / Nikken Sekkei Ltd.

Keiji Yamada, Kaoru Watanabe

Constructer / Yurtec Corporation

Hitoshi Akai, Shinya Mouri

Commissioning Provider / Nikken Sekkei Research Institute

Hideki Yuzawa, Takeshi Kondo

joint implementation（organization of life cycle energy management）

ESL-IC-14-09-07



Outline and Scheme of the Project

4. The main theme of the project

・Ecologically friendly

・Top-class energy-saving

・Top-class power load leveling

1. This building was opened in 2002, in the earthquake disaster area.

2. Total floor area is 64,000m2 .

3. Central function operating 24 hours was introduced to stabilize power supply for the 7 Tohoku prefectures in Japan.

SETSUDEN

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What is “Lifecycle energy management” ?

4

#1 Defined the energy performance target values in the OPR.

Planner

#1 Planning #2 Design #3 Construction #4 Operation

Owner (Development)

Standard

Target

Standard

Target

Measurements

Owner (Operation)

Designer Supervisor

Constructor Operation & Maintenance

CheckInformation

CheckInformation

CheckInformation

#2 Check the design methods to ensure the OPR are concretely specified.

#3 Check the construction to ensure the OPR are reliably performed.

#4 Verify the realized performance to meet the OPR, and the suitable improvements are planned based on the operating status.

Fig 4. The construction process with Lifecycle energy management

•CO2 Emission

•Energy Cost

OPR: Owner’s Project Requirements ( A type of documents in commissioning process)

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Diagram of thorough approach to a “SETSUDEN” building

#1 The building is designed with standard specifications : 80W/m2

■Maximum Power Demand

Fig 5. Maximum power demand by standard usage

80

#2 The building is designed with energy-saving spec. : 50W/m2

80

50

Energy-saving

#3 The building is designed with Load leveling spec. : 40W/m2

Energy-saving

Load leveling

50% Reduce

5040

80

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Achieving top-class power load leveling By applying lifecycle energy management, we succeeded

in reducing maximum power demand to less than 50%

for 10 years in succession.

Hourly power of Maximum Power demand date

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Uni

t P

ower

dem

and

[W/㎡

]

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

Pow

er d

eman

d[kW

]

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Standard bldg.

50%

Fig 8. Comparison between Maximum power demand (2004-2011)

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Achieving top-class energy-saving

•Set the target value as 1,600MJ/(m2yr) (1,518 kBTU/(m2yr)

1,18

9

1,36

6

1,35

7

1,40

0

1,36

1

1,34

5

1,31

1

1,30

3

1,37

4

1,01

6

202

366

380

383

379

378

367

370 39

2

358

1,60

02,

665

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000Sta

ndTar

get

2002

（9m

on

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

Unit A

nnual

Prim

ary

Energ

y[M

J/㎡

・y]

　 ALL General HP General Pump General AHU General Fan

General Light General Plug General Sanitary 一般系 EV General Kitchen

General Othors ICT HP ICT Equipment ICT Othors 24Hr

１３％

General

40％ R educe

Fig 9. Changes in units annual energy consumption (2002-2011)

•The energy consumption amount was reduced each year.

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The Planning phase: Creation of the OPR

•Lifecycle energy management starts with setting target values

that take into account client needs and creating the OPR.

"Achieving top-class power load leveling"

The maximum power demand ≦ 40W/m2

Equivalent to 50% to that of a building with standard Spec.

"Realizing an ecologically friendly building"

Annual primary energy consumption ≦ 1,100MJ/(m2yr)(1,043kBTU/(m2yr)

Equivalent to 50% of that of a building with standard Spec.

•The target values stated above were determined through

negotiations with the client on building usage conditions.

OPR: Owner’s Project Requirements ( A type of documents in commissioning process)

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The design phase: Concrete Specification of methods

Energy-savingArchitectural schemes

Environmentally complicit

High-efficiency equipment

Eliminating waste energy

Rain

Rain Storage

Well

PV

Parking

Office

Conference hall

Contents in Office Floor

・Sun shade

・High Insulation

・Natural lighting

・Natural ventilation

・VAV・VWV control

・Motion detector system

Foliage & Wind

Load levelingThermal storage

Hot-water-storageElectric water heater

Hot Water Thermal Storage

(2,000 m3)

Ice Thermal Storage

(9,000RT･h）

・Mass Thermal Storage

Effect verification

BEMS

Analysis performance

Typical floor

measurement

(20th floor)

BEMS

Fig 10. Specification of methods

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The design phase: Window area schemes

10

Sunlight

Light Shelf

Reflected diffused light

Office

Retracting Blind

Beam

3050

28004100

2350

Fig 11. Cross-section of the window area

•The height of the ceiling near windows was increased and a creating light shelf.

•Direct sunlight is screened & enabling diffused light to be taken in

•On sunny days, it is possible to secure more than 500 lx using only natural lighting.

Increase the effects of natural lighting

Reduction of heat

load •Air flow windows

Refreshment •Retracting Blind

Feeling refreshed while

looking at the mountain

ranges around Sendai.

•Natural ventilation

•Night purge

The increase in thermal

load as the size of the

window increases

Problem

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The construction phase: Verification of the AFW

•The construction was performed after verifying the schemes of the design phase.

•To verify the performance of the AFW (air flow window) through experiments.

•The insulation performance was high resolution in a comfortable work environment.

Test conditionOutdoor temp. –3

(27F)

Indoor temp. 22

(72F)

18 19 20 21 22( )

23

50

23

50

1300

a) Ventilation volume 0 CMH b) Ventilation volume 50 CMH

1300

Fig 12.Comparison between the glass surface temperature of the indoor side of the AFW.

High insulation

& ComfortableUncomfortable

(64F)

■Verification of AWF in an environmental test room

(68F)

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The operating phase: Organization and PurposeThe completion of construction

• Organization

“The meeting for verifying energy conservation”the Designers, the building owner, the employees

the Maintenance operators, the constructers

• Main purposeTo verify the effects expected the schemes in the design

• Organization

“The meeting for maintenance of the building”the Maintenance operators, the constructers

• Main purposeTo verify the actual operating status and discussion of problems

2002

2003

2004

2009

2010

2011

1st

STEP

2nd

STEP

3rd

STEP

• Organization

“The energy conservation project team”the building owner, the employees

the Maintenance operators, the constructers

• Main purposeTo thorough the maximum power demand reduction

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Large-temperature-differential air-conditioning systems

Design

value

10deg

Difference of Chilled Water

Temperature [deg]

Fre

quency

[h]

Fig 13. Frequency of difference of

chilled water temperature

To verify the effects expected the schemes in the design

It was verified that the chilled water temperature differential of

more than 10deg was secured most of the time.

The operating phase: 1st STEP 2nd STEP 3rd STEPESL-IC-14-09-07



To Verify the actual status of performance targets stated in the OPR

Maximum power demand for power load levering

It was verified that the power load leveling target of

units maximum power demand of 40W/m2 was reached.

Fig 14. Duration curve of power demand (2002/7 ~ 2003/6)

Pow

er

dem

and (

kW

)

Hour

40 W/m2




Annual primary energy consumption for ecological building

It was verified that the targets other than the annual primary energy consumption amount had already been satisfied, and the initial validation of the performance period was concluded.

The efforts up until this point were honored with

the Energy Conservation Architecture Award,and the Institute Chairman's Award of IBEC

(Institute for Building Environment and Energy Conservation).

To Verify the actual status of performance targets stated in the OPR

The operating phase: 1st STEP 2nd STEP 3rd STEP

the usage period15 hours

> 10 hours (design value)

One of the causes of

excessive energy

consumption:

Excessive energy

consumption

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16

To verify the actual operating status and discussion of problems

Natural Ventilation system There are 2 points for adjusting the natural ventilation system1)Taking into the working conditions for employees

2)Adjusting the natural ventilation operation to a longer period of time

61 62

177248 218 224 239

132196

200

292

251 263292

165

241

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

year

Ope

rating

tim

e [

h]

Night time

Day time

700 % increase

After 2005, the natural ventilation operating time

was changed 7 times since 2004.

Operating Conditions

•Outdoor Temp

Maximum Set point

Before: 24 (75F)(fix)

Minimum Set point

Before: 15 (59F(fix)

After: 22 (72F) (fix)

After: 1~14 (manual)(34~57F)

Fig 15. Operating time of natural ventilation




Thorough Maximum power demand reduction

The result achieved was a 39% reduction of maximum power

demand through the hard work by the Energy Conservation

Project Team.

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Pow

er[k

W]

HP Pump AHU Fan Light

Plug Sanitary EV Kitchen Othors

ICT HP ICT AHU ICT Light ICT Othors

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Pow

er[k

W]

HP Pump AHU Fan Light

Plug Sanitary EV Kitchen Othors

ICT HP ICT AHU ICT Light ICT Othors

2,169 kW

1,316 kW

39％ Reduce

2010 2011

Fig 16. Comparison between maximum power demand (2010 vs 2011)

The operating phase: 1st STEP 3rd STEP2nd STEP ESL-IC-14-09-07



Thorough Maximum power demand reduction

Type Method

Air

conditioning

Room Temp ↑

AC Period reduced

AC Area limited

Illumination Illumination level ↓

Period reduced

OA

equipment

Energy-saving mode

Unplugging

Others Restrictions on the use of water heaters

vending machines reduced

Restrictions on EV usage

Escalators were stopped

Restrictions on automatic door usage

The Illumination and the Air conditioning in this building

was greatly reduced.

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

2010 2011P

ow

er[

kW]

General HP General Pump General AHU General Fan

General Light General Plug General Sanitary General EV

General Kitchen General Others ICT HP ICT Equipment

ICT Light ICT Othors

AHU 5%

HP 12%

Light 13%

Plug 4%

39%

Fig 17. Contents of power demand reduction

The operating phase: 1st STEP 3rd STEP2nd STEP ESL-IC-14-09-07



Conclusion

• Power load leveling & Energy saving is important for

an effective cost-saving and the electric grid stability.

• To realize a “SETSUDEN” building, we implemented a

lifecycle energy management.

• In Japan, we call it “SETSUDEN”.

• We have achieved a “SETSUDEN” building for 10

years with the cooperation of the stakeholders.

• The coordinated functions and actions of the

building and its employees can improve the energy

performance of a building greatly.

• We hope our efforts in this challenge will serve as

a valuable reference for you.

ESL-IC-14-09-07


Documents

Lifecycle Energy Management in the Tohoku Electric Power