LIFE SCIENCE INVENTORY - The Land Between

LIFE SCIENCE RECONNAISSANCE OF SELECTED SITES IN THE LAND BETWEEN,

INTERIM REPORT

2008

Prepared by: McMurtry, M.J., W.D. Bakowsky, and D.A. Sutherland

Natural Heritage Information Centre 300 Water St., 2nd Floor North Tower

P.O. Box 7000, Peterborough, ON K9H 8M5

For: The Land Between Collaborative

Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report

Recommended Citation: McMurtry, M.J., W.D. Bakowsky, and D.A. Sutherland. 2008. Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report. Natural Heritage Information Centre, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Peterborough, Ontario. v + 57 pp. Cover photo: Wetland south of the Severn River and within The Land Between study area. Photo by M.J. McMurtry, NHIC Archives.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS Summary iv Acknowledgements v 1. Introduction 1 1.1. General Description of The Land Between 1 1.1.1. Regional Context, Geology 1 1.1.2. Climate 4 1.1.3. Land Use History 4 1.1.4 NHIC Data Holdings on The Land Between 5 2. Methods 7 2.1 Ecotones versus Ecodistricts 7 2.2 Selection of Study Sites 7 2.3 Field Methods 8 3. Results and Evaluation 9 3.1. South of Severn River Study Site 9 3.1.1 Landscape Context 9 3.1.2 Representive Vegetation Communities 9 3.1.3 Diversity 12 3.1.4 Special Features 12 3.1.5 Ecological Functions 14 3.1.6 Condition, Human Uses 14 3.1.7 Management Recommendations 14 3.2. Somerville Forest/Ganaraska Study Site 15 3.2.1 Landscape Context 15 3.2.2 Representive Vegetation Communities 16 3.2.3 Diversity 21 3.2.4 Special Features 21 3.2.5 Ecological Functions 22 3.2.6 Condition, Human Uses 22 3.2.7 Management Recommendations 23 3.3. Inventory Needs for the 2008 Field Season 24 5. References 24 Appendix A. Vascular Plants of The Land Between study area 28 Appendix B. Fauna of The Land Between study area 52 Appendix C. Sample Vegetation Community Data Spreadsheet 57

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FIGURES Figure 1. The Land Between area of interest 1 Figure 2. The contact point: sedimentry limestone bedrock from the Paleozoic Era

overlying Precambrian granitic bedrock, near Galesburg, Peterborough County 3 Figure 3. Element occurrences in The Land Between, NHIC database 5 Figure 4. Field survey sites in The Land Between area of interest 8 Figure 5. Virginia Chainfern Bog vegetation type, from the Severn River study area 11 Figure 6. Virginia St. John’s Wort (Triadenum virginicum S3) observed at Severn River study area 12 Figure 7. The Roehl Reserve, managed by the Couchiching Conservancy, is adjacent to the Severn River study area 15 Figure 8. Clear-cut area in the Somerville Forest 16 Figure 9. Dry – Fresh Sugar Maple – Black Cherry Deciduous Forest Type, Altberg Reserve 20 Figure 10. Blowdown area in the Altberg Reserve 22 Figure 11. The Great Lake Conservation Blueprint for Terrestrial Biodiversity shown over The Land Between area of interest 23

TABLES Table 1. Some of the NHIC-tracked elements (species and plant communities) found in The Land Between area of interest 6

SUMMARY

This report presents findings from the first year of field work by the Natural Heritage Information Centre (NHIC) for The Land Between project. The main sites focused on in this year were the area south of the Severn River and west of Sparrow Lake and the area including and adjacent to the Somerville Forest, west of Kinmount. The areas visited in 2007 were a mix of Crown land, municipally-owned land, private land and land owned by non-governmental environmental organizations. Brief visits were made to other areas, the upper Crowe River watershed and portions of the former Longford Township, but the report on these areas will be included in the final report to be completed in late 2008. A number of partners are involved in The Land Between collaboration, including The Couchiching Conservancy; the Kawartha Heritage Conservancy; the NHIC; Land Trust for Frontenac, Kingston, Lennox and Addington; the University of Toronto; Fleming College; Trent University; William Allen; Bird Studies Canada and Ducks Unlimited. The NHIC has the role of facilitating access to natural heritage data for the project and assisting in filling some of the gaps in information that exist. Increasing pressures from

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cottage development, aggregate extraction, forestry and recreation lend some urgency to understanding the features present and taking appropriate conservation actions. After conducting field studies in 2008, the NHIC will produce a final report describing the natural heritage features and condition of all of the areas visited and will make recommendations on management and stewardship actions that would be beneficial. Both the Severn River and Somerville Forest areas offer excellent potential for further natural heritage protection and stewardship. They occupy a strategic position on the landscape to augment and support exisiting protected areas. There is a range of disturbance in both areas, but in general, the Severn River study area has fewer impacts. Based on studies to date, the Severn River area was found to have several provincially-tracked species, including one Atlantic Coastal Plain species and one provincially-tracked vegetation community. The Severn River study area is an excellent example of rock barrens and wetlands characteristic of Ecodistrict 5E-7. The Somerville/Ganaraska area supports a number of uncommon species, and so far one provincially-tracked species has been observed. The least-disturbed areas in the Somerville/Ganaraska area are the Altberg Reserve, owned and managed by Ontario Nature, the wetlands along the Corben Creek, and the Ganaraska Trail north of Highway 503. The Somerville Forest itself has patches of forest and wetland in a natural state but also has large areas that have been altered by forest management practices. Both study areas provide important ecological functions, including the provision of wildlife habitat, buffering of nearby protected areas, maintaining water quantity and quality. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors would like to thank the following people for their assistance, especially Ian Attridge, Leora Berman and Ron Reid for encouraging our involvement in this project. Chris Kaloudis accompanied us on several field trips and provided hospitality in Burnt River. Gayle Carlyle provided mapping on land tenure in the Severn River area. Gillian Marshall assisted with field work in the Severn River study area. Mike Oldham reviewed plant specimens collected and helped with identification. Simon Dodsworth created the maps using NHIC element occurrence data and boundary data provided by Leora Berman. Bob Bowles provides some helpful advice when we met on the Orimat Road one day. Peter Alley, who, sadly, passed away in December of 2006, developed the concept of The Land Between and was an eloquent spokesperson for its unique values and conservation challenges.

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1. INTRODUCTION

The Land Between is a term coined by Peter Alley (Alley 2003) to describe the area of transition along and adjacent to the contact line between the limestone bedrock of southern Ontario with the mainly granitic bedrock of the Canadian Shield. It stretches across from Georgian Bay to the Frontenac arch just east of Kingston (Figure 1). The Land Between project is a collaboration among partners, including The Couchiching Conservancy; the Kawartha Heritage Conservancy; the Land Trust for Frontenac, Kingston, Lennox and Addington; the Natural Heritage Information Centre; the University of Toronto; Fleming College; Trent University; William Allen; Bird Studies Canada and Ducks Unlimited.

Figure 1. The Land Between area of interest. Boundary data provided by Leora Berman. The Natural Heritage Information Centre (NHIC), of the Ministry of Natural Resources, has a mandate to gather and manage data on species, communites and natural areas of conservation concern and make it available to inform conservation actions. The NHIC role in The Land Between project is to facilitate access to natural heritage data for the project, assist in identifying and filling gaps in natural heritage information, and make

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recommendations on further natural heritage studies and priorities for conservation and protection. The natural and cultural heritage of this area was first profiled by Peter Alley in presentations to ecological conferences (e.g. Alley 2003). Increasing pressures from cottage development, aggregate extraction, forestry and recreation lend some urgency to understanding the features present and putting in place appropriate conservation strategies. 1.1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE LAND BETWEEN 1.1.1 Regional Context, Geology The study area is a large zone of transition from the biota and ecosystems of southern Ontario to those that are more characteristic of northern Ontario. Each of the ecodistricts overlapping with The Land Between has a characteristic climate, physiography and array of ecosystems, though there are many features they have in common. The Land Between study area overlaps with many ecodistricts along the boundary between Ecoregions 6E and 5E: 6E-6, 6E-8 (northern part only), 6E-9, 6E-10, 5E-8 5E-10, and 5E-11. A concise description of the biodiversity features of each of these ecodistricts is available in the second volume of the Great Lakes Conservation Blueprint for Biodiversity (Henson and Brodribb 2005). The contact line with the Canadian Shield is actually a convoluted zone of geologic change; in southern Ontario the sedimentary limestones, shales and sandstones of the Paleozoic era overlay a foundation of granite; near the contact line the layer of limestone is thin and irregular. In places it is possible to observe where the two bedrock layers meet (Figure 2). There are outlying patches of limestone on the Shield and inlying ridges of granite surrounded by limestone. The portion of The Land Between in Ecoregion 5E is situated for the most part on the Precambrian Shield, with small Paleozoic outliers along the Georgian Bay coast and along the contact line. The Precambrian rocks consist of predominantly felsic igneous intrusives and derived metamorphic rock and metasediments (Noble 1984). Much of the metamorphic rocks are gneissic, which is reflected in a conspicuous banded pattern. Moderately broken relief is described as the most prevalent relief class in the site region by Noble (1984). It is often associated with till-covered uplands and ice contact deposits, e.g. esker kame complexes. Sand is the most prevalent material class occurring as a shallow mantle of sandy or silty sand over bedrock with local areas of deep sand. In localized areas the till may occur as a loamy sand of sandy loam texture. Bedrock is an integral element of the sandy till mantled terrain as many of the rock knobs and ridges and upper slopes of these units are bare of material. Organic deposits are prevalent in areas of weakly broken bedrock as well as in alluvial floodplains, backing lakeshores and in small basins with poor drainage (Noble 1984).

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Figure 2. The contact point: sedimentry limestone bedrock from the Paleozoic Era overlying Precambrian granitic bedrock, near Galesburg, Peterborough County. Photo by M.J. McMurtry, NHIC Archives. Softer, sedimentary limestones, shales and sandstones overlying the more ancient Precambrian bedrock in the southern part of The Land Between originated as marine sediments of marl, clay and sand (Chapman and Putnam 1984). The belt of sedimentary rock in the lower part of The Land Between is of the Middle Ordovician Period of the Paleozoic Era and the Simcoe Group (Chapman and Putnam 1984). The bedrock has been altered through the process of warping and faulting, glacial scouring, erosion by water and deposition of materials by glaciers. For example, the Indian River valley was the location of a large glacial meltwater channel and numerous karst formations can be observed at the Warsaw Caves Conservation Area. In the lower part of The Land Between drumlins and moraines e.g. the Dummer Moraine, and eskers were created though the action of glaciers. The Kawartha Lakes occur in a band along the centre of The Land Between.

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The varied geology and the troughs and ridges of the terrain create a heterogenous physical environment in which ecological communities can develop. Wetlands and aquatic comunities of various types have formed in the poorly drained troughs, while rock barrens, alvars and upland forests developed in higher areas. The amount of glacial till present and formation of soils had a major influence on the plant communites that become established. 1.2.2 Climate The climate of The Land Between, like the geology, is transitional. It ranges from the Simcoe and Kawartha Lakes climatic region to the more northerly Muskoka, Haliburton Slopes and Eastern Counties climatic regions (Brown et al. 1980). Much of the area is at an altitude of about 244 m (800 feet) above sea level, but some locations reach 366 m (1200 feet) (Putnam and Chapman 1938). Brown et al. (1980) report a mean annual temperature of 6.1 °C (43 °F) for the central Simcoe and Kawartha Lakes region and a temperature range of -41.1 to 40.0 °C (-42 °F to 104 °F). The frost-free period is 135 days on average and the mean annual length of the growing season is 195 days. The precipitation of this region is somewhat lighter than that of those around it, chiefly because much of it is in a rain shadow of the Dundalk uplands (Putnam and Chapman (1938). The mean annual precipitation averages 813 mm (32 inches) (Brown et al. 1980). To the north, in the Muskoka climatic region, the mean annual temperature is slightly lower, at 5.6 °C (42 °F). Winters are somewhat harsher than further south, with a mean daily minimum temperature for January of -14.4 °C (6 °F), compared to -13.3 °C (8 °F) in the Simcoe and Kawartha Lakes region. The frost-free period is also less, at 125 days, and the growing period is 190 days (Brown et al. 1980). The western slope of the Muskoka climatic region, facing Georgian Bay, has a higher precipitation (Putnam and Chapman 1938). The Muskoka region as a whole averages 991 mm (39 inches) annually. Snowfall in this area is also heavy, with a mean of 279 cm (110 inches) annually (Brown et al. 1980). The Eastern Counties region is characterized by cold, snowy winters and warm summers with adequate rainfall (Putnam and Chapman 1938). The mean annual temperature is 6.1 °C (43 ° F) and the frost-free period is 135 days (Brown et al. 1980). A global trend towards climate warming is now well established (IPCC 2007) and the climate of The Land Between is expected to warm along with surrounding regions. The effects of climate change on patterns of precipitation are less predictable. 1.2.3 Land Use History Aboriginal people have resided for many centuries in the area (Allen 2007), benefiting from plentiful supplies of water, fish, wildlife and forest resources. Many of the

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waterways of The Land Between formed convenient corridors for travel (Allen 2002). European settlement occurred mainly during the 18th and 19th centuries and there was a rapid intensification of forest and fish harvesting, hunting, farming and ranching. Much of the original forest in The Land Between was harvested by the late 19th and early 20th century (OMNR 1997). These activities continue to the present but in many areas have been superseded by residential and recreation development and aggregate extraction. 1.2.4 NHIC Data Holdings on The Land Between There are numerous tracked species and vegetation communities in The Land Between (Figure 3, Table 1). The density of tracked species and communities appears no higher than in surrounding regions, but there are areas where tracked species and communities are concentrated. Examples include the alvars of the Carden and the Napanee plains, the Big Chute Life Science Area of Natural and Scientific Interest (Varga 1988), the Eastern Coastal Plain plant communities on the western side of The Land Between (Hanna 1979, Keddy and Sharpe 1989). Many of the more promising areas of high biodiversity have already been studied but less-explored areas remain.

Figure 3. Element occurrences in The Land Between, NHIC database.

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Table 1. Some of the NHIC-tracked elements (species and plant communities) found in The Land Between area of interest. Global and sub-national NatureServe ranks and COSEWIC and MNR at-risk status follow the scientific name. ________________________________________________________________________ Bald Eagle, Haliaeetus leucocephalus, G4 S4B NAR End-RLoggerhead Shrike, Lanius ludovicianus, G4 S2B End End-RLeast Bittern, Ixobrychus exilis, G5 S3B Thr ThrPrairie Warbler, Dendroica discolor, G5 S3S4B NAR NARCerulean Warbler, Dendroica cerulean, G4 S3B SC SCGolden-winged Warbler, Vermivora chrysoptera, G4 S4B Thr No MNR statusAmber-winged Spreadwing, Lestes eurinus, G4 S3 (and many other odonates) Mulberry Wing, Poanes Massasoit, G4 S3 Channel Darter, Percina copelandi, G4 S2 Thr ThrEastern Hog-nosed Snake, Heterodon platirhinos, G5 S3 Thr ThrBlanding’s Turtle, Emydoidea blandingii, G4 S3 Thr ThrMassasauga, Sistrurus catenatus, G3G4 S3 Thr ThrMilksnake, Lampropeltis triangulum, G5 S3 SC SCEastern Ribbonsnake, Thamnophis sauritus, G5 S3 SC SCCommon Five-lined Skink, Plestiodon fasciatus, G5 S3 SC SCNorthern Map Turtle, Graptemys geographica, G5 S3 SC SCSnail-seed Pondweed, Potamogeton bicupulatus, G4? S3S4 Thread-like Naiad, Najas gracillima, G5? S2 Engelman’s Quillwort, Isoetes engelmannii, G4 S1 End EndSmooth Woodsia, Woodsia glabella, G5 S3 Juniper Sedge, Carex juniperorum, G2 S1 End End-R Woodland Satin Grass, Muhlenbergia sylvatica, G5 S2 Billings’ Three-sided Sedge, Carex billingsii, G5T? S3 Carolina Yellow-eyed Grass, Xyris difformis, G5 S3? Bayonet Rush, Juncus militaris, G4 S3S4 Secund Rush, Juncus secundus, G5? S2 White-fringed Orchid, Platanthera blepharioglottis, G4G5 S3S4 American Ginseng, Panax quinquefolius, G3G4 S2 End End Butternut, Juglans cinerea, G3G4 S3? End End Carey’s Smartweed, Polygonum careyi, G4 S3S4 Virginia St. John’s-wort, Triadenum virginicum, G5 S3 Virginia Meadow-beauty, Rhexia virginica, G5 S3S4 Large-flowered Ground-cherry, Leucophysalis grandiflora, G3? S3? Twin-scaped Bladderwort, Utricularia geminiscapa, G4G5 S3 Sharp-leaved Goldenrod, Solidago arguta, G5 S3 Tufted Hairgrass – Canada Bluegrass – Philadelphia Panic Grass Alvar Grassland, G2G3? S2S3 Atlantic Coastal Plain Shallow Marsh, G2? S3 Water Star-grass Submerged Shallow Aquatic, G5Q S3S4 Red Cedar Treed Granite Barren, G? S1 Virginia Chainfern Bog, G3G4 S3 ________________________________________________________________________

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2. METHODS 2.1 Ecotones versus Ecodistricts Traditionally, ecologists divide the landscape into more or less homogeneous areas to inventory the range of natural heritage values that are present and to identify the best representative ecosystem types for conservation. Thus we have a series of reports that consider the best examples of landform/vegetation types in the ecodistricts of Ontario (e.g. Brunton 1993, Lindsay 1984) and subsequent more detailed studies on particular sites. Another way of looking at the landscape is to identify areas of changing landforms or geology to capture the biological variety associated with these transitional landscapes. These physical settings support transitional ecosystems or ecotones. Transitional zones between ecological regions can support high levels of biodiversity (Kark et al. 2007). This is the approach being taken in The Land Between. 2.2 Selection of Study Sites Some sites in The Land Between have been well inventoried and documented, such as the alvars of the Carden and Napanee plains (Brownell and Riley 2000, Jalava 2005), the Kawartha Highlands Provincial Park (Jalava et al. 1991), the Chutes Area of Natural and Scientific Interest (ANSI) (Varga 1988), Petroglyphs Provincial Park (Brownell 1977, Dougan 2004) and the Atlantic Coastal Plain community of Matchedash (Long) Lake (Hanna 1979). These sites continue to be among the most important for their biodiversity in The Land Between. There are many tracked species and communities found in The Land Between that are already part of the NHIC database (Table 1). However, there are still other large natural areas with significant features and functions that are less well known. Several of these areas were identified through discussion with The Land Between Collaborative and they are the subject of exploratory studies being done in 2007 and 2008 by the NHIC (Figure 2). An area south of the Severn River, the Somerville Forest/Ganaraska Trail area, the upper watershed of the Crowe River and portions of the former Longford Township, were the subjects of field visits in 2007, though most of the focus was on the first two sites. The species lists provided in this interim report include all of the sites visited. Additional site visits are planned for the 2008 field season; proposed areas include the Crowe River watershed, the Longford area and the Mellon Lake area. 2.3 Field Methods The number of field days allocated to the project (15 person-days) determined the survey approach. The goal was to describe the type and condition of representative plant communities of each study area, draw up a preliminary species list and make note of any tracked species or communities observed. The UTM location of tracked species or plant communites, and of any other vegetation communities described, was recorded to the

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nearest 5-10 m using a hand-held GPS unit. All UTM locations given are using North American Datum 1983. The information collected was used to assess the biodiversity values of the site, the need for management actions and the potential for further conservation steps.

Figure 4. Field survey sites in The Land Between area of interest. The vegetation communities were described using the field form in Appendix C. Keys from Lee et al. (1998) were used to identify the Ecological Land Classification (ELC) vegetation type. Two communities were not found in Lee et al. (1998), as they occurred outside of southern Ontario, or in Chambers et al. (1997), which only includes forested types. These were described in our own terms. Some shrub species were included in the description of the herbaceous/non-vascular layer when it was felt that this was the appropriate functional location. Soil samples were examined using a tube auger. Emphasis in listing species was on vascular plants and birds; reptiles and amphibians and other fauna were also noted as they were encountered. Due to the limited field time and the reconnaissance nature of the surveys, the species lists generated from this fieldwork are not complete. Many more species would be observed with more time in the field and

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with more seasons and habitats investigated. Breeding evidence for birds was assessed using the criteria of Cadman et al. (2007). Field visits were made on the following dates in 2007: Somerville area (May 19, June 13, July 12, Aug 19, Aug 29), Crowe River watershed (May 21, June 3), Severn River (June 20, June 28), and the Longford area (Sept 5). An additional visit to the Longford area was made on Sept 2, 2006. 3. RESULTS AND EVALUATION 3.1 South of Severn River Study Site 3.1.1 Landscape Context This study area (map to be provided in final report) is on Crown Land west of Sparrow Lake, south of the Severn River, north of the CNR Railway line. It is underlain with granitic/gneissic bedrock. This area has remained undeveloped and is relatively undisturbed compared to the surrounding region. It is between the previously documented Atlantic Coastal Plain communities in Matchedash (Long) Lake and the Morrison Lake Wetland and Severn River Provincial Conservation Reserves. It has extensive granite rock barrens, mixed forest and wetlands in excellent condition. The area is an excellent example of gneissic rockland and wetland landforms characteristic of Ecodistrict 5E-7 (Macdonald 1986). The vegetation communities are strongly controlled by bedrock. There is no human habitation in the study area proper, but residences, mainly seasonal, are found nearby along the Severn River and around Sparrow Lake. The Couchiching Conservancy has been working in the area to promote conservation with private landowners (Figure 6). A few areas accessible from the Orimat Road were explored on foot. A nearby reach of the Severn River was also explored by canoe. 3.1.2 Representative Vegetation Communities This area is a mixture of open and treed granitic rock barrens, coniferous and mixed forest, marshes, shrub fens, small lakes and ponds (see cover photo). The terrain is undulating and the amount of soil, daily temperatures and amount of moisture vary widely with the position on the landscape. The following paragraphs describe representative plant communities (mostly ELC vegetation types) that were encountered in the study area. The list is not exhaustive. Common vegetation communities not described below include graminoid marsh, shallow water aquatic and open rock barren. 1. Common Juniper Acidic Shrub Rock Barren Type Location: 17T 0625307 4963761, foot of Orimat Road

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Tree layer: Quercus rubra, Pinus strobus, Pinus banksiana, Acer rubrum, Quercus alba, Ulmus americana Sapling layer: Acer rubrum, Quercus rubra, Prunus serotina, Quercus alba Shrub layer: Juniperus communis, Diervilla lonicera, Vaccinium angustifolium, Rubus allegheniensis, Comptonia peregrina, Rhus typhina Herbaceous/non-vascular layer: Danthonia spicata, Fragaria virginiana, Hypericum perforatum, Deschampsia flexuosa, Asclepias syriaca, Panicum linearifolium, Poa compressa, Panicum depauperatum, Panicum acuminatum var. acuminatum Soil: none Depth of organic layer: 0-3 cm Bedrock: granite/gneiss Moisture: Moist to dry Slope: variable Other observations: evidence of skeet shooting, but otherwise in excellent condition 2. Dry - Fresh Sugar Maple – Basswood Deciduous Forest Type Location: 17T 0624355 4964736, west of Deadman’s Creek Tree layer: Acer saccharum (largest dbh: 40 cm), Betula papyrifera, Tilia americana, Acer rubrum, Pinus strobus (superstory) Understory layer: Tsuga canadensis, Acer saccharum, Pinus strobus Sapling layer: Acer saccharum, Betula papyrifera, Fagus grandifolia, Tilia americana, Quercus rubra, Quercus alba Shrub layer: Dirca palustris, Acer spicatum, Viburnum lantanoides, Acer pennsylvanicum, Gaultheria procumbens, Mitchella repens Herbaceous/non-vascular layer: Aralia nudicaulis, Pteridium aquilinum, Trillium grandifolium, Clintonia borealis, Trientalis borealis, Lycocpodium dendroideum, Oryzopsis asperifolia, Streptopus roseus, Coptis trifolia, Maianthemum canadense, Eurybia macrophylla, Polygonatum pubsescens, Osmunda claytoniana, Brachyelytrum erectum, Medeola virginiana, Anemone acutiloba, Actaea sp. Soil type: Clayey sand and sandy clay to 35 cm, then bedrock Depth of organic layer: 4 cm Moisture: dry to fresh Slope: 5% Other observations: large burnt stumps present, site is adjacent to rock barrens and small shaded cliffs 3. Leatherleaf – Forb Shrub Fen Type Location: 17T 0625272 4963768, near foot of Orimat Rd, adjacent to rock barren Shrub layer (60%): Chamaedaphne calyculata 60% Herbaceous/non-vascular layer (30%): Dulichium arundinaceum (15%), Triadenum virginicum, Carex canescens, Calamagrostis canadensis, Carex echinata, Juncus effusus, Juncus cf. articulatus, Drosera rotundifolia, Galium labradoricum, Glyceria canadensis Bidens sp., Maianthemum canadense, Pogonia ophioglossoides, Brasenia schreberi (in adjacent shallow water)

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Soil: small amount of coarse sand under organic layer Depth of organic layer: 2-4 cm Moisture: saturated Slope: 10% Other observations: large mats of Chamaedaphne offshore with more Pogonia, evidence of skeet shooting 4. Virginia Chainfern Bog Location: 17T 0623290 4965618, behind gravel storage area off of Orimat Road Shrub layer (12%): Gaylussacia baccata (5%), Chamaedaphne calyculata (5%), Vaccinium angustifolium (2%), Nemopanthus mucronatus, Rubus hispidus, Gaultheria procumbens, Vaccinium macrocarpon Herbaceous/non-vascular layer (80%): Woodwardia virginica (80%), Sphagnum sp., Maianthemum trifolium, Maianthemum canadense Soil type: Sphagnum 25 cm deep, then 4 cm peat, then 1 cm organic mixed with coarse sand Moisture: saturated at 25 cm Slope: at bottom of granite basin Other observations: small wetland in bedrock depression, fringed by shrubs

Figure 5. Virginia Chainfern Bog vegetation type, from the Severn River study area. Photo by M.J. McMurtry, NHIC Archives.

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3.1.3 Diversity The vascular plants and fauna observed at the site are listed in Appendices A and B, respectively. The biodiversity is typical of rock barrens, woodlands and wetlands in Ecodistrict 5E-7. The interspersion of rock barrens, wetlands, ponds and forests creates a variety of habitats for many different species.

Figure 6. Virginia St. John’s-wort (Triadenum virginicum S3) observed at Severn River study area. Note the long style of the fruit which distinguishes it from the short-styled (usually less than 1 mm) Marsh St. John’s-wort (T. fraseri). Photo by W. D. Bakowsky, NHIC Archives. 3.1.4 Special Features While one provincially-tracked Atlantic Coastal Plain (ACP) species was found, Virginia St. John’s Wort (Triadenum virginicum S3), the authors did not discover large concentrations of ACP species such as are present in Matchedash (Long) Lake (Hanna 1979) and in Morrisson Lake (Reid et al. 1991). The area appears to lack the sandy shorelines that would support a more diverse Atlantic Coastal Plain plant community. Matchedash (Long) Lake is known as one of the most diverse ACP sites in Ontario

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(Keddy and Sharp 1989). The central and southwest portions of the study area, closer to Matchedash Lake, were not explored due to time limitations, and it is possible that they contain more ACP species. Round Lake, which should be accessible along the railway line would be worth exploring. A number of species with ACP affinities (Keddy and Sharp 1989), but which are also found more widely, were observed: Flatleaf Pondweed, (Potamogeton robbinsii), Humped Bladderwort (Utricularia gibba), Purple Bladderwort (Utricularia purpurea), Virginia Chainfern (Woodwardia virginica), Spoon-leaved sundew (Drosera intermedia), Smaller Beggar-ticks (Bidens discoidea), and Lance-leaf Violet (Viola lanceolata). Other provincially-tracked species and communities observed in this study area were Eastern Milksnake (Special Concern, S3), Common Five-lined Skink (Special Concern, S3), a sedge (Carex billingsii S3) and Virginia Chainfern Open Bog Type (G3G4 S3). Plants with a rounded provincial rank of S4 (uncommon in Ontario and/or threatened or in decline over a portion of its Ontario range) included the tallgrass prairie grass, Big Bluestem (Andropogon gerardii S4), found along the Severn River shoreline. Kamstra (1992) noted this species in surveys for the Muskoka heritage Areas Program. Other S4 species observed were Hickey’s Club-moss (Lycopodium hickeyi S4), Virginia Chainfern (Woodwardia virginica S4), Flatleaf Pondweed (Potamogeton robbinsii S4S5), Spiral Pondweed (Potamogeton spirillis S4S5), Bearded Shorthusk (Brachyelytrum erectum S4S5), Slender Pondweed (Potamogeton berchtoldii S4S5), Ribbon-leaf Pondweed (Potamogeton epihydrus S4S5), Illinois Pondweed (Potamogeton illinoensis S4), White-stem Pondweed (Potamogeton praelongis S4S5). Green Panic Grass (Panicum depauperatum S4), Broad-leaf Witchgrass (Panicum latifolium S4), Slim-leaf Witchgrass (Panicum linearifolium S4S5, Slender Dichanthelium (Panicum xanthophysum S4), Canada Manna-grass (Glyceria canadensis S4S5), Clustered Sedge (Carex cumulata S4), Robbins’ Spikerush (Eleocharis robinsii S4), Chives (Allium schoenoprasum S4), Smooth Herbaceous Greenbrier (Smilax herbacea S4), Rose Pogonia (Pogonia ophioglossoides S4S5), American Beech (Fagus grandifolia S4), Arrow-leaved Tearthumb (Polygonum sagittatum S4), Water Dock (Rumex orbiculatus S4S5), Sand Cherry (Prunus pumila S4S5), Bristly Dewberry (Rubus hispidus S4S5), Hardhack Spiraea (Spiraea tomentosa S4S5), Bicknell Northern Crane’s-bill (Geranium bicknellii S4), Canadian St. John’s-wort (Hypericum canadense S4?), Narrowleaf Pinweed (Lechia intermedia S4), Lance-leaf Violet (Viola lanceolata S4), Eastern Leatherwood (Dirca palustris S4?), Black Huckleberry (Gaylussacia baccata S4), Large Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon S4S5), American Winterberry (Pyrola americana S4?), American Cow-wheat (Melampyrum lineare S4S5), Humped Bladderwort (Utricularia gibba S4), Purple Bladderwort (Utricularia purpurea S4), Squarrose Goldenrod (Solidago squarrosa S4), Smaller Beggar-ticks (Bidens discoidea S4) and Kalm’s Hawkweed (Hieracium kalmii S4). Provincially rare non-native species observed were Stringy Stonecrop (Sedum sarmentosum SE1) and Garden Stonecrop (Sedum telephium SE2).

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3.1.5 Ecological Functions Surface water of the area flows through small watercourses to the Severn River, though many of the wet depressions are not connected to other water bodies by continuous channels. The area has an important function in providing habitat for wildlife. A small lake west of the gravel storage area supports a nesting site for Great Blue Heron. We also saw evidence of a number of mammal species including Porcupine, Black Bear and White-tailed Deer. The wetlands and rock barrens support many species of reptiles and amphibians, some already noted. Eastern Massasauga is known from the Swift Rapids Road (B. Bowles pers. comm.) and is possibly in the study area as well. The study area supports adjacent conservation lands (Matchedash Lake ANSI, Severn River Conservation Reserve, the Morrison Lake Conservation Reserve and the Roehl Reserve) by increasing habitat availability, buffering from human impacts and maintaining the hydrological regime. 3.1.5 Condition, Human Uses Most of the study area is in excellent condition. The percentage of non-native to total plant species was 8 %, a relatively low value for southern Ontario. Access to the central part of the area is difficult due to the rough terrain and numerous wetlands. All Terrain Vehicle (ATV) traffic, which is causing damage in the Matchedash Lake ANSI (R. Reid pers. comm.), does not yet seem to be seriously affecting this site. There is evidence of hunting for waterfowl (duck blinds) and skeet shooting. There are adjacent cottage properties along the Severn River and traffic to and from these would have a low level of impact. The fact that the Crown owns the land limits further residential and cottage development. The Torpit and Orimat roads provide the only road access to the area. A CN railway track skirts the area to the north. Burnt stumps are evidence of past forest fire. The forest management history of the area is not known. 3.1.6 Management Recommendations This area is noteworthy for its excellent condition and proximity to other designated areas. It provides excellent examples of granitic rock barrens, shrub fens, Virgina Chainfern bogs and mixed forest. These plant communities are well represented in protected areas in this Ecodistrict (5E-7). The role of the property in buffering and supporting adjacent conservation lands has already been noted. As a large parcel of Crown Land, it offers the potential to be managed to sustain important ecosystems in cooperation with stewardship efforts on adjacent private lands. Further exploration of natural heritage features of the site is warranted, especially in the small lakes that are present.

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Figure 7. The Roehl Reserve, managed by the Couchiching Conservancy, is adjacent to the Severn River study area. Photo by M.J. McMurtry, NHIC Archives. 3.2 Somerville Forest/Ganaraska Study Site 3.2.1 Landscape Context The Somerville Forest proper is a municipally-owned (City of Kawartha Lakes) parcel of 3,420 ha (part of the Victoria County Municipal Forest), that is being managed for a mix of uses from forestry to hiking, cross-country skiing and snowmobile/ATV trails. There are extensive tracts of plantation, Red and White Pine, interspersed with wetlands and remnants of more natural forest commuities. Current forestry practice appears to be to grow the pines and clear-cut them for revenue (Figure 7), rather than thinning the pines in order to re-establish a forest composed of a mix of native hardwood and conifers. The nearby Altberg Nature Reserve, the largest nature reserve held by Ontario Nature, anchors the Somerville area to the west. The Altberg Reserve spans the gap between the historic Monck Road and Four Mile Lake. The Ganaraska Trail passes through the area roughly in parallel to the Burnt River. The Burnt River and Corben Creek and provide important aquatic habitat in the area. The Somerville area is right at the contact line with the Canadian Shield; examples of both Precambrian and Paleozoic bedrock (a limestone

15


escarpment) exist in the Altberg Reserve for example. The Somerville area has a northern flavour and supports Black Bear and Moose with its extensive wetlands and woodlands.

Figure 8. Clear-cut area in the Somerville Forest. Photo by M.J. McMurtry, NHIC Archives. 3.2.2 Representative Vegetation Communities The following accounts are for representative vegetation communities that were visited in the study area. Common communites that were not sampled include graminoid marsh, open water aquatic, rock barrens and alder swamp. 1. White Cedar – Conifer Organic Coniferous Swamp Location: 17T 068021 4954844, north of 9th Somerville Concession Road, east of Highway 121 Tree layer (80%): Thuja occidentalis (30%), Picea glauca (30%), Ulmus americana (10%), Betula papyrifera (5%), Tsuga canadensis (5%) Sapling layer (10%): Thuja occidentalis (5%), Picea glauca (5%) Shrub layer (30%): Thuja occidentalis, Acer spicatum, Ribes lacustre, Lonicera canadensis, Ledum groenlandicum, Gaultheria hispidula

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Herbaceous layer (90%): Rubus pubescens (10%), Coptis trifolia (10%), Maianthemum canadense (1%), mosses, Cornus canadensis, Clintonia borealis, Onoclea sensibilis, Gymnocarpium dryopteris. Soil type: Peat, depth not recorded Moisture: Saturated to just below surface Slope: level Other observations: patch size > 10 ha, mature community 2. Fresh – Moist Sugar MapleMixed Forest Type Location: 17T 0683633 4953143, South of Pinery Road, near Ganaraska Trail Tree layer (80%): Acer saccharum (40%), Tsuga canadensis (40%), Betula papyrifera, Thuja occidentalis Sapling layer (10%): Acer saccharum (5%), Tsuga canadensis (5%) Shrub layer (25%): Rubus idaeus (10%), Prunus virginiana (5%), Taxus canadensis (5%), Cornus alternifolia (1%), Lonicera canadensis Herbaceous/non-vascular layer (95%): Carex pedunculata (10%), Clintonia borealis, Maianthemum canadense, Aralia nudicaulis, Gymnocarpium dryopteris, Pteridium aquilinum, Trillium grandifolium, Trientalis borealis, Athyrium filix-femina, Carex leptonervia, Oryzopsis asperifolia Soil type: loamy sand in high areas, organic in lower areas Moisture: moist to wet in lower areas Depth of organic layer: variable Slope: variable Other observations: Red-shouldered Hawk calling; the site has probably been logged; patch size of this vegetation type is about 0.5 ha, but the site is surrounding by forest, mostly plantation 3. White Cedar – Conifer Mineral Coniferous Swamp Type Location: 17T 0681309 4952853, on trail north of Burnt River Road Tree layer (70%): Picea glauca (40%), Thuja occidentalis (30%), Populus tremuloides, Fraxinus nigra Understory (1%): Ulmus americana, Picea glauca Shrub layer (15%): Tsuga canadensis (5%), Prunus virginiana (2%), Lonicera canadensis (2%) Herbaceous/non-vascular layer (40%): Osmunda regalis, Osmunda cinnamomea, Carex stipata, Carex gracillima, Carex intumescens, Carex leptalea, Carex flava, Carex gynandra, Glyceria striata, Dryopteris intermedia, Athyrium filix-femina, Onoclea sensibilis, Aralia nudicaulis, Tsusilago farfara, Ranunculus acris, Cystopteris bulbifera, Dryopteris cristata, Arisaema triphyllum, Prenanthes sp. Bedrock: Limestone bedrock with scattered granite erratics Soil type: 33 cm of organic, then fine sand Moisture: saturated; standing water in places Slope: slight slope

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Other observations: presence of Populus indicates past disturbance, such as logging or fire 4. Red Maple – White Pine Deciduous Forest Location: 17T 0681161 4953222, off of trail north of Burnt River Road Tree layer (85%): Acer rubrum (70%), Pinus strobus (10%), Abies balsamea (5%) Understory (10%)): Abies balsamea (5%), Acer rubrum (5%) Sapling layer (20%): Acer rubrum (10%), Abies balsamea (5%), Prunus serotina Shrub layer (1%): Ribes cynosbati (1%), Rubus canadensis Herbaceous/non-vascular layer (80%): Maianthemum canadense, Aralia nudicaulis, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris carthusiana, Polypodium virginianum, Lycopodium dendroideum, Carex pedunculata, Trientalis borealis Soil type: 2 cm organic, then 31 cm sandy clay, then granitic bedrock Moisture: mesic Slope: slightly sloped, well-drained Other observations: Acer rubrum not normally dominant; this woodland adjoins rock barren with Quercus rubra; vernal pools present, moose pellets; at a larger scsale, this forest might be considered part of a Red Oak – Hardwood forest type as described in Chambers et al. (1997) 5. Willow Organic Thicket Swamp Type Location: 17T 0680652 4958075, 6.5 km west of Kinmount along Highway 503, north of highway, adjacent to Corben Creek Shrub layer (40%): Spiraea alba, Salix bebbiana, Spiraea tomentosa, Salix petiolaris, Potentilla palustris Herbaceous/non-vascular layer: Typha latifolia, Iris versicolor, Carex aquatilis, Solanum dulcamara, Mentha arvensis, Galium trifidum, Polygonum sagittatum Soil type: Organic Moisture: standing water to a depth of about 50 cm. Other observations: Black ash dead tree swamp to the north 6. Fresh – Moist SugarMaple – White Elm Deciduous Forest Type Location: 17T 0676764 4961427, on Ganaraska Trail near Highway 45 Tree layer (90%): Acer saccharum (65%), Populus tremuloides (25%) Understory (60%): Acer saccharum (30%), Abies balsamea (20%), Ulmus americana (5%), Acer rubrum Sapling layer (35%): Abies balsamea (20%), Acer saccharum (10%), Fraxinus americana (5%) Herbaceous/non-vascular layer (60%): Aralia nudicaulis (10%), Maianthemum canadense (5%), Trillium grandiflorum (2%), Trientalis borealis, Athyrium felix-femina, Eurybia macrophylla, Tiarella cordifolia, Pteridium aquilinum, Carex deweyana Soil type: Sandy clay loam, granitic bedrock at 25 cm Moisture: moist Slope: undulating

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Other observations: low level of disturbance 7. Bluejoint Organic Meadow Marsh Type Location: 17T 0681937 4958067, opening in Somerville Forest Tree Layer: scattered dead Picea glauca Shrub layer (5%): Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (2%), Spiraea alba, Salix pyrifolia, Ilex verticillata, Salix petiolaris, Viburnum lentago Herbaceous/non-vascular layer (98%): Calamagrostis canadensis, Scirpus cyperinus, Eupatorium maculatum, Calla palustris, Carex stipata, Poa palustris, Glyceria canadensis, Solanum dulcamara, Eleocharis smallii, Traiadenum fraseri, Carex crinita, Juncus canadensis, Polygonum sagittatum, Ludwigia palustris Soil type: organic to 25 cm, then medium sand Moisture: Damp at time of sampling, standing water in spring Slope: none Other observations: large beaver meadow with uncommon willow species 8. Winterberry Organic Thicket Swamp Location: 17T 0680455 4952943, where Corben Creek empties into Four Mile Lake Tree layer (5%): Acer X freemanii (5%) Sapling layer (2%): Acer X freemanii (2%) Shrub layer (85%): Ilex verticillata (35%), Myrica gale (30%), Viburnum lentago (5%), Spiraea alba, Alnus incana ssp. rugosa, Salix petiolaris Herbaceous/non-vascular layer: Potentilla palustris, Lythrum salicaria, Sium suave, Euthamia graminifolia, Solidago rugosa, Dulichium arundinaceum, Aster lateriflorus, sedges (identified but not linked to this community) Soil type: organic to more that 40 cm Moisture: saturated Other observations: condition looks excellent, especially further north; culvert under road recently replaced, fresh gravel 9. Pondweed Mixed Shallow Aquatic Type Location: as above Floatiang and submerged vegetation (50 %): Potamogeton epihydrus (5%), Brasenia schreberi (5%), Nymphaea odorata Soil type: not sampled Moisture: open water Other observations: much more of this and the above community further north along Corben Creek; would be worthwhile exploring by canoe 10. Dry – Fresh Sugar Maple – Black Cherry Deciduous Forest Type Location: 17T 0679288 4956484, in Altberg Reserve near granite “mesa” Tree layer (95%): Acer saccharum (75%), Prunus serotina (10%), Betula alleghaniensis (8%), Fagus grandifolia, Abies balsamea Sapling layer (5%): Fraxinus americana (5%)

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Shrub layer: Acer pennsylvanicum, Viburnum lantanoides Herbaceous/non-vascular layer (25%): Dryopteris intermedia, Aralia nudicaulis, Maianthemum canadense, Polygonatum pubescens, Carex pedunculata, Trillium grandiflorum, Lycopodium dendroideum, Huperzia lucidula, Carex intumescens Soil type: 2 cm of black loam, then fine sand to more that 40 cm depth Moisture: fresh Other observations: largest sugar maples are 40-45 cm dbh; surrounding forest has extensive blowdown, but this commuity was less affected; skidder trail on adjacent land.

Figure 9. Dry – Fresh Sugar Maple – Black Cherry Deciduous Forest Type, Altberg Reserve. Photo by M.J. McMurtry, NHIC Archives. The Altberg Reserve contains an excellent example of mature Sugar Maple – Black Cherry Forest in Site district 5E-11 near the contact line and of deciduous forest on a limestone escarpment outlier.

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3.2.4 Diversity The vascular plants and fauna observed at the site are listed in Appendices A and B, respectively. The Somerville Forest and surrounding area provided a variety of habitats representative of Ecodistrict 5E-11. 3.2.3 Special Features The only provincially-tracked species observed in the study area in 2007 was Golden-winged Warbler (Threatened S4B). Because it was identified by song only, it could not be confirmed, as the Blue-winged Warbler sometimes sings the Golden-winged Warbler song. Red-shouldered Hawk (Special Concern S4B) was observed along Pinery Road but is no longer tracked by the NHIC. There are probably additional tracked species associated with the Altberg Reserve and with the rich wetlands in the area. Possibilities include Cerulean Warbler, Least Bittern, Hog-nosed Snake and American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) among other species. The Red Maple-dominated Red Maple-White Pine Deciduous Forest Type described from the Somerville Forest is an uncommon forest type, possibly provincially rare. Further field work would determine if it should be considered part of a larger unit that is of a more common type. Species ranked S4 observed in the Somerville study area, including the Altberg Reserve are: New York Fern (Thelypteris novaboracensis S4), Canadian Yew (Taxus canadensis S4), Bearded Shorthusk (Brachyelytrum erectum S4S5), American Bur-reed (Sparganium americanum S4?), Ribbon-leaf Pondweed (Potamogeton epihydrus S4S5), Canada Manna-grass (Glyceria canadensis S4S5), Black-fruit Mountain-ricegrass (Oryzopsis racemosa S4), Finely-nerved Sedge (Carex leptonervia S4), Stellate Sedge (Carex radiata S4), Mosquito Bulrush (Scirpus hattorianus S4), American Beech (Fagus grandifolia S4), Arrow-leaved Tearthumb (Polygonum sagittatum S4), Water Dock (Rumex orbiculatus S4S5), Long-fruited Anemone (Anemone cylimdrica S4), Smooth Blackberry (Rubus canadensis S4?), Northern Dewberry (Rubus flagellaris S4) and Hardhack Spiraea (Spiraea tomentosa S4). A provincially-rare non-native species was observed in the Altberg Reserve: Garden Stonecrop (Sedum telephium SE2). The presence of Balsam Willow (Salix pyrifolia) is noteworthy in that it is a species widespread in the Boreal region but also found in Ontario along the southern edge of the Shield. Moose was observed in a wetland adjacent to the Monck Road and fresh Black Bear tracks were seen in the Somerville Forest.

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3.2.5 Ecological Functions Natural areas in the Somerville Forest study area maintain water quality and quantity in the Burnt River and Corben Creek, the latter flowing into Four Mile Lake just below the Altberg Reserve. There is extensive habitat for a variety of species, notably for the large wide-ranging mammals Black Bear and Moose.

Figure 10. Blowdown area in the Altberg Reserve. Photo by M.J. McMurtry, NHIC Archives. 3.2.6 Condition, Human Uses The percentage of exotic species to total species was 13% in the Ganaraska/Somerville study area, exluding the Altberg Reserve, and 7 % for the Altberg Reserve itself, although the latter value is based on a more incomplete species list. These percentages reflect the observed level of disturbance. Many areas in the Somerville Forest area, particularly the municipal lands themselves, have been heavily impacted by forestry practices, past and present. There is a high level of ATV traffic outside of the protected Altberg Reserve. The Ganarask Trail north of the

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Monck Road does not appear to be heavily used. This trail provides a link to the nearby Queen Elizabeth II Provincial Park. No information was obtained on the level of hunting in the area. 3.2.7 Management Recommendations The complex of natural areas in the vicinity of the Somerville Forest offers opportunities to extend the conservation efforts that have already taken place (Figure 9). The close association of private, municipal, Crown and non-governmental conservation lands presents an opportunity for partnerships and stewardship that will result in more recognition and conservation of the natural heritage features of the area.

Figure 11. The Great Lake Conservation Blueprint for Terrestrial Biodiversity shown over The Land Between area of interest. The Blueprint includes both existing protected areas, shown in dark green, and additional target areas, shown in medium green. Given that the condition of woodlands has been significantly affected by forestry, discussions could be initiated with the City of Kawartha Lakes about the best forest management practices for this area that would move the forests towards a more natural state.

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It would be beneficial from a natural heritage point of view to protect a zone around the Ganaraska Trail that links with other nearby natural areas. This could provide a corridor for movement of wildlife as well as for human pedestrians. The provincial government and non-governmental conservation organizations could pursue opportunities for natural heritage stewardship in the Somerville area with owners of property adjacent to Crown land (including Queen Elizabeth II Provincial Park), the Altberg Reserve, the Somerville Forest, the Burnt River and the Ganaraska Trail. 4. INVENTORY NEEDS FOR THE 2008 FIELD SEASON The most promising areas for discovering new occurrences of tracked species and communities appear to be Corben Creek on the south side of the Altberg Reserve, the Altberg Reserve, the Longford area and the upper Crowe River watershed. The small unexplored lakes and ponds in the Severn River study area may have more Atlantic Coastal Plain species. The area near the Mellon Lake Conservation Reserve also offers potential for new findings but there may not be sufficient time in the contract to explore this area. It is recommended that permission be sought to access several private properties in the Upper Crowe River watershed and that these be the focus of the remaining field days. One of the authors (MJM) has arranged for a one-day inventory of the Altberg Reserve by the the Field Botanists of Ontario in May 2008. 5. REFERENCES Allen, W.A. 2007.Otonabee Pimizi, American eel (Anguilla rostrata) on the Jouney to “The Land Between”. Transcript of presentation made at The Land Between Resesarch Forum, June 7, 2007, Peterborough, Ontario. 22 pp. Allen, W. A. 2002. Wa-nant-git-che-ang: Canoe Route to Lake Huron through Southern Algonquia. Ontario Archaeology: [waiting on full citation from Bill] Alley, P. 2003. Could a significant natural system in Southern Ontario be over-looked? In Lemieux, C.J., J.G. Nelson, T.J. Beechey, M.J. Troughton, eds. Protected Areas and Watershed Management: Proceedings of the Parks Research Forum of Ontario Annual General Meeting 2003. Pp 373-383. Brown, D.M., G.A. McKay, and L.J. Chapman. 1980. The Climate of Southern Ontario: Climatological Studies Number 5. Environment Canada, Atmospheric Environment Services, Toronto, Ontario. xi + 67 pp. Brownell V.R. and J.L. Riley. 2000. The Alvars of Ontario: Significant Alvar natural Areas in the Ontario Great Lakes Region. Federation of Ontario Naturalists, Don Mills, Ontario. x + 269 p.

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Brownell, V.R. 1977. A Reconnaissance Life Science Inventory of Petroglyphs Provincial Park. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Devision of Parks, Algonquin Region. iii + 37 p. + 10 p. addendum in 1978. Brunton, D.F. 1993. Life Science Areas of Natural and Scientific Interest in Site District 5E-7: A Review and Assessment of Significant Natural Areas in Site District 5E-7. Science and Technology Section, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Huntsville, Ontario. Cadman, M.D., D.A. Sutherland, G.G. Beck, D. Lepage, A.R. Couturier. 2007. Atlas of the Breeding Birds of Ontario, 2001-2005. Bird Studies Canada, Environment Canada, Ontario Field Ornithologists, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Ontario Nature, Toronto. xxii + 706 pp. Chambers, B.A., B.J. Naylor, J. Nieppola, B. Merchant, and P. Uhlig. 1997. Field Guide to Forest Ecosystems of Central Ontario. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Southcentral Science Section, Science Development and Transfer Branch. SCSS Field Guide FG-01. 200 pp. Chapman, L.J., and D.F. Putnum. 1984. The Physiography of Souther Ontario, Third Edition. Ontario Geological Survey, Special Volume 2. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. 270 pp. + map. Crins, W.J., and PW.C. Uhlig. 2000. Ecoregions of Ontario: Modifications to Angus Hills’ Site Regions and Districts, Revisions and Rationale. Ontario Parks, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Peterborough, Ontario. 7 pp. Dougan & Associates. 2004. Petroglyphs Provincial Park: Wetland Inventory and Community Mapping. Ontario Parks, Southeastern Zone, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Kingston, Ontario. iv +33 pp. +appendices and maps. Hanna, R. 1979. A life Science Inventory and Evaluation of Matchedash Park Reserve. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Parks and Recreational Areas Section, Central Region, Richmond Hill, Ontario. viii + 87 pp. + 3 maps. Henson, B.L., and K.E. Brodribb. 2005. Great Lakes Conservation Blueprint for Terrestrial Biodiversity, Volume 2: Ecodistrict Summaries. Nature Conservancy of Canada and Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. 344 pp. Available online at http://nhic.mnr.gov.on.ca/MNR/nhic/projects/conservation_blueprint/blueprint_main.cfm Hills, G.A. 1959. A Ready Reference to the Description of the Land of Ontario and its Productivity; A Compendium of Maps, Charts, Tables and Brief Comments. Divisioni of Research, Ontario Department of Lands and Forests, Maple, Ontario. 142 pp.

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http://nhic.mnr.gov.on.ca/MNR/nhic/projects/conservation_blueprint/blueprint_main.cfm


Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 2007. Climate Change 2007 Synthesis Report. Summary for Policy Makers. Accessed Feb. 22, 2008 at http://www.ipcc.ch/. 23 pp. Jalava, J.V. 2005. Life Science Inventory of Cameron Ranch Provincial Nature Reserve. Ontario Parks, Central Zone, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Huntsville, Ontario. iv + 114 p. + 5 pp. checksheet + 2 maps. Jalava, J.V., R.A. Ben-Oliel, C.D. Jones, J.J. Oldham, W.D. Bakowsky, and D.A. Sutherland. 2001. Reconnaissance Life Science Inventory of the Kawartha Highlands Signature Site (Including Kawartha Highlands Provincial Park). Natural Heritage Information Centre and Southcentral Region, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Peterborough, Ontario. 148 pp. + 3 maps. Kamstra, J. 1992. Identification of Natural Heritage Areas Along the Severn River Corridor. Report prepared for Muskoka Heritage Areas Program by Gartner Lee Ltd, GLL91-188. 81 pp. + app. Kark, S., T.F. Allnutt, N. Levin, L.L. Manne, and P.H. Williams. 2007. The Role of Transitional Areas as Avian Biodiversity Centres. Global Ecology and Biogeography 16: 187-196. Keddy, C.J., and M.J. Sharp. 1989. Atlantic Coastal Plain Flora Conservation in Ontario. A report prepared for the Natural Heritage League and World Wildlife Fund. vi + 92 pp. + field data sheets. Lee, H., W. Bakowsky, J. Riley, J. Bowles, M. Puddister, P. Uhlig, and S. McMurray. 1998. Ecological Land Classification for Southern Ontario: First Approximation and its Application. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Southcentral Science Section, Science Development and Transfer Branch. SCSS Field Guide FG-02. 225 pp. Lindsay, K.M. 1984. Life Science Areas of Natural and Scientific Interest in Site District 6-9: A Review and Assessment of Significant Natural Areas in Site District 6-9. Central Region, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Richmond Hill, Ontario. SR OFER 8601. Macdonald, I.D. 1986. Life Science Areas of Natural and Scientific Interest in Site District 5-7, in Huronia District; A Review and Assessment of Sifnificant Natural Areas in Site District 5-7, in Huronia District. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Parks and Recreational Areas Section, Central Region, Richmond Hill, Ontario. ix + 135 pp. + map. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. 1997. Forest History in Eastern Ontario. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Landowner Resource Centre Extension Note. Queen’s Printer for Ontario. 6 pp.

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http://www.ipcc.ch/


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Reid, R., D. Sutherland, B. Bowles, L. Sober, and S. O’Donnell. 1991. Muskoka Heritage Areas Progam, Report No. 1: Results of 1990 Field Season. Muskoka Heritage Areas Program, District Municipality of Muskoka and the Muskoka Heritage Foundation, Bracebridge, Ontario. 126 pp. Varga, S. 1988. A Biological Inventory and Evaluation of the Big Chute Rocklands Area of Natural and Scientific Interest, Parks and Recreation Section, Central Region, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Richmond Hill, Ontario. SR OFER 8807. x + 110 p. + 4 folded maps.


APPENDIX A. Vascular plants (443 taxa) observed in 2007 fieldwork in The Land Between. Records contributed by M.J. McMurtry, W.D. Bakowsky and D.A. Sutherland. Voucher specimens indicated by collection number.

FAMILY SCI_NAME COMMON_

NAME GR

AN

K

NPR

OT

SPR

OT

SRA

NK

TRA

CK

Altberg Reserve Severn River

Ganaraska/ Somerville

Longford Area Crowe River

EQUISETACEAE Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail G5 S5 N X X X

EQUISETACEAE Equisetum hyemale Rough Horsetail G5 S5 N X X

EQUISETACEAE Equisetum scirpoides

Dwarf Scouring Rush G5 S5 N X

EQUISETACEAE Equisetum sylvaticum Woodland Horsetail G5 S5 N X X

LYCOPODIACEAE Lycopodium annotinum Stiff Clubmoss G5 S5 N X X

LYCOPODIACEAE Lycopodium clavatum Running Pine G5 S5 N X

LYCOPODIACEAE Lycopodium dendroideum Treelike Clubmoss G5 S5 N X X X

LYCOPODIACEAE Diphasiastrum digitatum Fan Club-moss G5 S5 N X

LYCOPODIACEAE Lycopodium hickeyi Hickey's Clubmoss G5 S4 N X

LYCOPODIACEAE Lycopodiella inundata Northern Bog Clubmoss G5 S5 N X

LYCOPODIACEAE Huperzia lucidula Shining Clubmoss G5 S5 N X X

SELAGINELLACEAE Selaginella rupestris Ledge Spike-moss G5 S5 N X

OPHIOGLOSSACEAE Botrychium virginianum Rattlesnake Fern G5 S5 N X

OSMUNDACEAE Osmunda cinnamomea Cinnamon Fern G5 S5 N X X X X X

OSMUNDACEAE Osmunda claytoniana Interrupted Fern G5 S5 N X X X

OSMUNDACEAE Osmunda regalis Royal Fern G5 S5 N X X X X

DENNSTAEDTIACEAE Pteridium aquilinum Bracken Fern G5 S5 N X X X X X

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COMMON_ Severn Ganaraska/ Longford FAMILY SCI_NAME NAME Altberg Reserve River Somerville Area Crowe River

DRYOPTERIDACEAE Athyrium filix-femina Subarctic Lady-fern G5 S5 X X X

DRYOPTERIDACEAE Cystopteris bulbifera Bulblet Fern G5 S5 N X X

DRYOPTERIDACEAE Cystopteris tenuis A Bladderfern G4G5 S5 N X

DRYOPTERIDACEAE Dryopteris carthusiana Spinulose Shield Fern G5 S5 N X

DRYOPTERIDACEAE Dryopteris cristata Crested Shield-fern G5 S5 N X X X

DRYOPTERIDACEAE Dryopteris intermedia Evergreen Woodfern G5 S5 N X X

DRYOPTERIDACEAE Dryopteris marginalis Marginal Wood-fern G5 S5 N X X X X

DRYOPTERIDACEAE Gymnocarpium dryopteris Oak Fern G5 S5 N X

DRYOPTERIDACEAE Matteuccia struthiopteris Ostrich Fern G5 S5 N X X X

DRYOPTERIDACEAE Onoclea sensibilis Sensitive Fern G5 S5 N X X

DRYOPTERIDACEAE Polystichum acrostichoides Christmas Fern G5 S5 N X

DRYOPTERIDACEAE Woodsia ilvensis Rusty Woodsia G5 S5 N X, MJM2007-54

THELYPTERIDACEAE Phegopteris connectilis Northern Beech Fern G5 S5 N X

THELYPTERIDACEAE Thelypteris noveboracensis New York Fern G5 S4S5 N X

THELYPTERIDACEAE Thelypteris palustris Marsh Fern G5 S5 N X X

BLECHNACEAE Woodwardia virginica Virginia Chainfern G5 S4 N X

POLYPODIACEAE Polypodium virginianum Rock Polypody G5 S5 N X X X

TAXACEAE Taxus canadensis Canadian Yew G5 S4 N X X

PINACEAE Abies balsamea Balsam Fir G5 S5 N X X X

PINACEAE Larix laricina American Larch G5 S5 N X X X

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PINACEAE Picea glauca White Spruce G5 S5 N X X X X

PINACEAE Picea mariana Black Spruce G5 S5 N X

PINACEAE Pinus banksiana Jack Pine G5 S5 N X

PINACEAE Pinus resinosa Red Pine G5 S5 N X

PINACEAE Pinus strobus Eastern White Pine G5 S5 N X X X X

PINACEAE Pinus sylvestris Scotch Pine G? SE5 N X

PINACEAE Tsuga canadensis Eastern Hemlock G5 S5 N X X X X

CUPRESSACEAE Juniperus communis Ground Juniper G5 S5 N X X X

CUPRESSACEAE Thuja occidentalis Eastern White Cedar G5 S5 N X X X

TYPHACEAE Typha angustifolia Narrow-leaved Cattail G5 SE5 N X

TYPHACEAE Typha latifolia Broad-leaf Cattail G5 S5 N X X X

SPARGANIACEAE Sparganium americanum American Bur-reed G5 S4? N X X, MJM2007-164

SPARGANIACEAE Sparganium eurycarpum Large Bur-reed G5 S5 N X X

POTAMOGETONACEAE Potamogeton amplifolius

Large-leaf Pondweed G5 S5 N X

POTAMOGETONACEAE Potamogeton berchtoldii

Slender Pondweed G5 S4S5 N X

POTAMOGETONACEAE Potamogeton epihydrus

Ribbon-leaf Pondweed G5 S4S5 N X X, MJM2007-160 X, MJM2007-174

POTAMOGETONACEAE Potamogeton gramineus

Grassy Pondweed G5 S5 N X

POTAMOGETONACEAE Potamogeton illinoensis

Illinois Pondweed G5 S4 N X

POTAMOGETONACEAE Potamogeton natans

Floating Pondweed G5 S5 N X

POTAMOGETONACEAE Potamogeton praelongus

White-stem Pondweed G5 S4S5 N X

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POTAMOGETONACEAE Potamogeton richardsonii Redheadgrass G5 S5 N X POTAMOGETONACEAE Potamogeton robbinsii

Flatleaf Pondweed G5 S4S5 N X

POTAMOGETONACEAE Potamogeton spirillus

Spiral Pondweed G5 S4S5 N X

POTAMOGETONACEAE Potamogeton zosteriformis

Flatstem Pondweed G5 S5 N X

NAJADACEAE Najas flexilis Slender Naiad G5 S5 N X

ALISMATACEAE Sagittaria latifolia Broadleaf Arrowhead G5 S5 N X

HYDROCHARITACEAE Elodea canadensis Broad Waterweed G5 S5 N X

HYDROCHARITACEAE Vallisneria americana Eel-grass G5 S5 N X

POACEAE Agrostis gigantea Black Bentgrass G4G5 SE5 N

X, MJM2007-152 X, MJM2007-111

POACEAE Agrostis perennans Perenial Bentgrass G5 S5 N X X, MJM2007-112

POACEAE Agrostis scabra Rough Bentgrass G5 S5 N X, MJM2007-49 X, MJM2007-110 X, MJM2007-179

POACEAE Agrostis stolonifera Spreading Bentgrass G5 S5 N X

POACEAE Andropogon gerardii Big Bluestem G5 S4 N X

POACEAE Brachyelytrum erectum Bearded Shorthusk G5 S4S5 X X, MJM2007-33 X

POACEAE Bromus ciliatus Fringed Brome G5 S5 N X X X

POACEAE Bromus inermis Awnless Brome G5 S5 X X

POACEAE Calamagrostis canadensis Canada Blue-joint G5 S5 N X, MJM2007-43 X X

POACEAE Dactylis glomerata Orchard Grass G? SE5 N X X X

POACEAE Danthonia spicata Poverty Oatgrass G5 S5 N X X X X

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POACEAE Deschampsia flexuosa Crinkled Hairgrass G5 S5 N X, MJM2007-36 X X

POACEAE Panicum depauperatum Green Panic-grass G5 S4 N X, MJM2007-38

POACEAE Panicum latifolium Broad-leaf Witchgrass G5 S4 N X

POACEAE Panicum linearifolium Slim-leaf Witchgrass G5 S4S5 N X, MJM2007-35

POACEAE Panicum xanthophysum

Slender Dichanthelium G5 S4 N X

POACEAE Elymus hystrix Bottlebrush Grass G5 S5 N X

POACEAE Elymus trachycaulus Slender Wheatgrass G5 S5 X X X

POACEAE Elymus repens Creeping Wild-rye G5 SE5 N X X

POACEAE Festuca pratensis Meadow Fescue G5 SE5 N X

POACEAE Glyceria borealis

Small Floating Manna-grass G5 S5 N X, MJM2007-157

POACEAE Glyceria canadensis Canada Manna-grass G5 S4S5 N X X X, MJM2007-173

POACEAE Glyceria striata Fowl Manna-grass G5 S5

X, MJM2007-151 X X, MJM2007-23

POACEAE Leersia oryzoides Rice Cutgrass G5 S5 N X X X

POACEAE Muhlenbergia glomerata Marsh Muhly G5 S5 N X X

POACEAE Muhlenbergia mexicana Mexican Muhly G5 S5 N

X, MJM2007-153 X, MJM2007-140

POACEAE Oryzopsis asperifolia

White-grained Mountain-ricegrass G5 S5 N X X, MJM2007-02 X

POACEAE Oryzopsis racemosa

Black-fruit Mountain-ricegrass G5 S4 N

X, MJM2007-156

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POACEAE Panicum capillare Old Witch Panic-grass G5 S5 N X

POACEAE Phleum pratense Meadow Timothy G? SE5 N X X X

POACEAE Phragmites australis Common Reed G5 S5 N X

POACEAE Poa compressa Canada Bluegrass G? SE5 N X X X

POACEAE Poa palustris Fowl Bluegrass G5 S5 N X X, MJM2007-121

POACEAE Schizachne purpurascens Purple Oat G5 S5 N

X, MJM2007-149, MJM2007-150 X X

POACEAE Sporobolus vaginiflorus Sheathed Dropseed G5 S4 N X, MJM2006-137

POACEAE Panicum acuminatum var. acuminatum G5T5 SU

X, MJM2007-39, MJM2007-51, MJM2007-124 X, MJM2006-138

CYPERACEAE Carex aquatilis Water Sedge G5 S5 N X, MJM2007-30

CYPERACEAE Carex arctata Black Sedge G5? S5 N X, MJM2007-145 X

CYPERACEAE Carex bebbii Bebb's Sedge G5 S5 N X

CYPERACEAE Carex canescens Hoary Sedge G5 S5 N X, MJM2007-42 X, MJM2007-18

CYPERACEAE Carex communis Fibrous-root Sedge G5 S5 N

X, MJM 2007-05, MJM2007-06

CYPERACEAE Carex comosa Bristly Sedge G5 S5 N X, MJM2007-122, MJM2007-159

X, MJM2007-162, MJM2007-163

CYPERACEAE Carex crawfordii Crawford Sedge G5 S5 N X

X, MJM2007-183b

CYPERACEAE Carex crinita Fringed Sedge G5 S5 N X, MJM2007-128 X

CYPERACEAE Carex cumulata Clustered Sedge G4? S4 N X

CYPERACEAE Carex deweyana Short-scale Sedge G5 S5 N

X, MJM2007-154 X X, MJM2007-73 X, MJM2007-04

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CYPERACEAE Carex eburnea Ebony Sedge G5 S5 N X X

CYPERACEAE Carex echinata ssp. echinata

Little Prickly Sedge G5T5 S5 X, MJM2007-44

CYPERACEAE Carex flava Yellow Sedge G5 S5 N X, MJM2007-28

CYPERACEAE Carex foenea Fernald's Hay Sedge G5 S5 N X, MJM2007-142

CYPERACEAE Carex gracillima Graceful Sedge G5 S5 N

X, MJM2007-155 X, MJM2007-25

CYPERACEAE Carex gynandra Nodding Sedge G5 S5 N X X, MJM2007-29

CYPERACEAE Carex hystericina Porcupine Sedge G5 S5 N X

CYPERACEAE Carex interior Inland Sedge G5 S5 N X

CYPERACEAE Carex intumescens Bladder Sedge G5 S5 N X X, MJM2007-26

CYPERACEAE Carex lacustris Lake-bank Sedge G5 S5 N X

CYPERACEAE Carex lasiocarpa Slender Sedge G5 S5 N X, MJM2007-19

CYPERACEAE Carex leptalea Bristly-stalk Sedge G5 S5 N X, MJM2007-27

CYPERACEAE Carex leptonervia Finely-nerved Sedge G4 S4 N X, MJM2007-01

CYPERACEAE Carex lucorum A Sedge G4 S4 N X, MJM2007-07

CYPERACEAE Carex lurida Sallow Sedge G5 S5 N X, MJM2007-126 X, MJM2007-182

CYPERACEAE Carex merritt-fernaldii

Merrit Fernald's Sedge G5 S5 N X, MJM2007-52

CYPERACEAE Carex pedunculata Longstalk Sedge G5 S5 N X X X, MJM2007-03

CYPERACEAE Carex pseudo-cyperus Cyperus-like Sedge G5 S5 N X

CYPERACEAE Carex radiata Stellate Sedge G4 S4 N

X, MJM2007-146

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CYPERACEAE Carex retrorsa Retrorse Sedge G5 S5 N X

CYPERACEAE Carex richardsonii Richardson Sedge G4 S4? N X

CYPERACEAE Carex tonsa var. rugosperma

Umbel-like Sedge G5 S5 N X

CYPERACEAE Carex scoparia Pointed Broom Sedge G5 S5 N X, MJM2007-55

X, MJM2007-181, MJM2007-183a

CYPERACEAE Carex stipata Stalk-grain Sedge G5 S5 N

X, MJM2007-22, MJM2007-24

CYPERACEAE Carex tenera Slender Sedge G5 S5 N X

CYPERACEAE Carex utriculata G5 S5 N X X, MJM2007-17

CYPERACEAE Cladium mariscoides Twig Rush G5 S5 N X

CYPERACEAE Dulichium arundinaceum Three-way Sedge G5 S5 N X X X X

CYPERACEAE Eleocharis acicularis Least Spike-rush G5 S5 N X

CYPERACEAE Eleocharis obtusa Blunt Spike-rush G5 S5 N X

CYPERACEAE Eleocharis ovata Ovate Spikerush G5 S5 N X X, MJM2007-175

CYPERACEAE Eleocharis robbinsii Robbins Spikerush G4G5 S4 N X

CYPERACEAE Eleocharis smallii Creeping Spike-rush G5? S5 N X, MJM2007-143 X, MJM2007-123

CYPERACEAE Eriophorum vaginatum ssp. spissum

Sheathed Cottongrass G5T5 S5 X, MJM2007-16

CYPERACEAE Eriophorum virginicum Tawny Cotton-grass G5 S5 N X X, MJM2007-169

CYPERACEAE Schoenoplectus acutus Hard-stem Club-rush G5 S5 N X

CYPERACEAE Scirpus cyperinus Cottongrass Bulrush G5 S5 N X X X

CYPERACEAE Scirpus hattorianus Mosquito Bulrush G5 S4 N X, MJM2007-113

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CYPERACEAE Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani

Soft-stem Club-rush G? S5 N X

CYPERACEAE Carex billingsii Sedge G5T? S2S3 Y X X, MJM2007-20

ARACEAE Arisaema triphyllum Jack-in-the-pulpit G5 S5 N X X

ARACEAE Calla palustris Wild Calla G5 S5 N X X

XYRIDACEAE Xyris difformis

Carolina Yellow-eyed-grass G5 S3? Y X, MJM2006-135

PONTEDERIACEAE Heteranthera dubia Grassleaf Mud-plantain G5 S5 N X

PONTEDERIACEAE Pontederia cordata Pickerel Weed G5 S5 N X

JUNCACEAE Juncus cf. articulatus Jointed Rush G5 S5 N X, MJM2007-45

JUNCACEAE Juncus brevicaudatus

Narrow-panicled Rush G5 S5 N X

X, MJM2007-177, MJM2007-180

JUNCACEAE Juncus canadensis Canada Rush G5 S5 N X X, MJM2007-117

X, MJM2007-161, MJM2007-165, MJM2007-170

JUNCACEAE Juncus effusus Soft Rush G5 S5 N X, MJM2007-57 X

JUNCACEAE Juncus pelocarpus Brown-fruited Rush G5 S5 N X

JUNCACEAE Juncus tenuis Path Rush G5 S5 N X X

LILIACEAE Allium schoenoprasum Chives G5 S4 X

LILIACEAE Clintonia borealis Blue Bead-lily G5 S5 N X X X

LILIACEAE Lilium philadelphicum Wood Lily G5 S5 N X

LILIACEAE Maianthemum canadense Wild-lily-of-the-valley G5 S5 N X X X X

LILIACEAE Maianthemum racemosum G5 S5 N X

LILIACEAE Maianthemum stellatum Starflower G5 S5 N X

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False Solomon's-seal

LILIACEAE Maianthemum trifolium

Three-leaf Solomon's-seal G5 S5 N X X

LILIACEAE Medeola virginiana

Indian Cucumber-root G5 S5 N X X X

LILIACEAE Polygonatum pubescens

Downy Solomon's-seal G5 S5 N X X X X

LILIACEAE Streptopus lanceolatus Rose Twisted-stalk G5 S5 N X X

LILIACEAE Trillium grandiflorum White Trillium G5 S5 N X X X

LILIACEAE Uvularia grandiflora

Large-flowered Bellwort G5 S5 N X X

SMILACACEAE Smilax herbacea

Smooth Herbaceous Greenbrier G5 S4 N X

IRIDACEAE Iris versicolor Blueflag G5 S5 N X X X X

ORCHIDACEAE Cypripedium acaule Pink Lady's-slipper G5 S5 N X

ORCHIDACEAE Epipactis helleborine Eastern Helleborine G? SE5 N X X

ORCHIDACEAE Pogonia ophioglossoides Rose Pogonia G5 S4S5 N X

ORCHIDACEAE Spiranthes cernua

Nodding Ladies'-tresses G5 S5 N X

SALICACEAE Populus balsamifera Balsam Poplar G5 S5 N X

SALICACEAE Populus grandidentata Large-tooth Aspen G5 S5 N X X X X

SALICACEAE Populus tremuloides Trembling Aspen G5 S5 N X X X

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SALICACEAE Salix bebbiana Bebb's Willow G5 S5 N X X

SALICACEAE Salix discolor Pussy Willow G5 S5 N X X

SALICACEAE Salix eriocephala Heart-leaved Willow G5 S5 N X

SALICACEAE Salix humilis Tall Prairie Willow G5 S5 N X

SALICACEAE Salix lucida Shining Willow G5 S5 N X

SALICACEAE Salix petiolaris Meadow Willow G5 S5 N X

X, MJM2007-31, MJM2007-120

SALICACEAE Salix pyrifolia Balsam Willow G5 S5 N X, MJM2007-116 X, MJM2007-166

SALICACEAE Salix x rubens A Willow HYB SE4 N X

MYRICACEAE Comptonia peregrina Sweet Fern G5 S5 N X

MYRICACEAE Myrica gale Sweet Bayberry G5 S5 N X X

BETULACEAE Alnus incana ssp. rugosa Speckled Alder G5T5 S5 X X X X

BETULACEAE Betula alleghaniensis Yellow Birch G5 S5 N X

BETULACEAE Betula papyrifera Paper Birch G5 S5 N X X X

BETULACEAE Corylus cornuta Beaked Hazelnut G5 S5 N X

BETULACEAE Ostrya virginiana Eastern Hop-hornbeam G5 S5 N X X X X

FAGACEAE Fagus grandifolia American Beech G5 S4 N X X X X

FAGACEAE Quercus alba White Oak G5 S5 N X X X X

FAGACEAE Quercus macrocarpa Mossy-cup Oak G5 S5 N X

FAGACEAE Quercus rubra Northern Red Oak G5 S5 N X X X X

ULMACEAE Ulmus americana American Elm G5? S5 N X X X

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CANNABACEAE Humulus lupulus Common Hop G5 S4 N X

URTICACEAE Boehmeria cylindrica False Nettle G5 S5 N X X

URTICACEAE Laportea canadensis Wood Nettle G5 S5 N X

URTICACEAE Pilea pumila Canada Clearweed G5 S5 N X

SANTALACEAE Comandra umbellata

Umbellate Bastard Toad-flax G5 S5 N X X

POLYGONACEAE Polygonum amphibium Water Smartweed G5 S5 N X

POLYGONACEAE Polygonum douglasii Douglas Knotweed G5 S4 N X

POLYGONACEAE Polygonum hydropiper Marshpepper Smartweed G5 SE5 N X

POLYGONACEAE Polygonum hydropiperoides

Mild Water-pepper G5 S5 N X, MJM2007-130

POLYGONACEAE Polygonum persicaria Lady's Thumb G3G5 SE5 N X

POLYGONACEAE Polygonum punctatum Dotted Smartweed G5 S5 N X X, MJM2007-176

POLYGONACEAE Polygonum sagittatum Arrow-leaved Tearthumb G5 S4 N X X, MJM2007-118 X

POLYGONACEAE Rumex acetosella Sheep Sorrel G? SE5 X

POLYGONACEAE Rumex orbiculatus Water Dock G5 S4S5 N X X

CARYOPHYLLACEAE Dianthus armeria Deptford-pink G? SE5 N X

CARYOPHYLLACEAE Saponaria officinalis Bouncing-bet G? SE5 N X

CARYOPHYLLACEAE Silene antirrhina Sleepy Catchfly G5 S5 N X

CERATOPHYLLACEAE Ceratophyllum demersum Common Hornwort G5 S5 N X

NYMPHAEACEAE Nuphar variegata Yellow Cowlily G5T5 S5 N X

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NYMPHAEACEAE Nymphaea odorata American Water-lily G5 S5 X X

CABOMBACEAE Brasenia schreberi Watershield G5 S5 N X X

RANUNCULACEAE Actaea pachypoda White Baneberry G5 S5 N X X

RANUNCULACEAE Anemone cylindrica Long-fruited Anemone G5 S4 N X

RANUNCULACEAE Aquilegia canadensis Wild Columbine G5 S5 N X

RANUNCULACEAE Coptis trifolia Goldthread G5 S5 N X X

RANUNCULACEAE Anemone acutiloba Liverleaf G5 S5 N X

RANUNCULACEAE Anemone americana G5 S5 N X

RANUNCULACEAE Ranunculus acris Tall Butter-cup G5 SE5 N X X

RANUNCULACEAE Thalictrum pubescens Tall Meadow-rue G5 S5 N X X

BERBERIDACEAE Caulophyllum thalictroides G4G5 S5 N X

FUMARIACEAE Corydalis sempervirens Pale Corydalis G4G5 S5 N X

BRASSICACEAE Arabis divaricarpa Limestone Rockcress G5 S5 N X

BRASSICACEAE Cardamine pratensis Cuckoo Flower G5 S5 X

SARRACENIACEAE Sarracenia purpurea Northern Pitcher-plant G5 S5 N X

DROSERACEAE Drosera intermedia Spoon-leaved Sundew G5 S5 N X X

DROSERACEAE Drosera rotundifolia Roundleaf Sundew G5 S5 N X, MJM2007-46

CRASSULACEAE Sedum sarmentosum Stringy Stonecrop G? SE1 N X

CRASSULACEAE Sedum telephium Garden Stonecrop G? SE2 N X X, MJM2007-41

SAXIFRAGACEAE Saxifraga virginiensis Virginia Saxifrage G5 S5 N X X

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SAXIFRAGACEAE Tiarella cordifolia Heart-leaved Foam-flower G5 S5 N X X X

GROSSULARIACEAE Ribes cynosbati Prickly Gooseberry G5 S5 N X X

GROSSULARIACEAE Ribes glandulosum Skunk Currant G5 S5 N X, MJM2007-37 X

GROSSULARIACEAE Ribes lacustre Bristly Black Currant G5 S5 N X

ROSACEAE Agrimonia gryposepala Tall Hairy Groovebur G5 S5 N X

ROSACEAE Amelanchier arborea Downy Serviceberry G5 S5 N X

ROSACEAE Amelanchier sp. Serviceberry N X

ROSACEAE Aronia melanocarpa Black Chokeberry G5 S5 N X

ROSACEAE Potentilla palustris Marsh Cinquefoil G5 S5 N X X X

ROSACEAE Crataegus macrosperma Common Hawthorn G5 S5 N X

ROSACEAE Crataegus sp. Hawthorn N X

ROSACEAE Fragaria virginiana Virginia Strawberry G5 S5 N X X

ROSACEAE Potentilla norvegica Norwegian Cinquefoil G5 S5 N

X, MJM2007-148 X

ROSACEAE Potentilla simplex Old-field Cinquefoil G5 S5 N X

ROSACEAE Prunus pensylvanica Pin Cherry G5 S5 N X X X

ROSACEAE Prunus pumila Sand Cherry G5 S4S5 X

ROSACEAE Prunus serotina Wild Black Cherry G5 S5 N X X X X

ROSACEAE Prunus virginiana Choke Cherry G5 S5 N X X X

ROSACEAE Rosa blanda Smooth Rose G5 S5 N X

ROSACEAE Rubus allegheniensis Allegheny Blackberry G5 S5 N X X, MJM2007-34 X

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ROSACEAE Rubus canadensis Smooth Blackberry G5 S4? N

X, MJM2007-147 X

ROSACEAE Rubus flagellaris Northern Dewberry G5 S4 N X X

ROSACEAE Rubus hispidus Bristley Dewberry G5 S4S5 N

X, MJM2007-47, MJM2007-129

ROSACEAE Rubus idaeus Common Red Raspberry G5 S5 X X

ROSACEAE Rubus occidentalis Black Raspberry G5 S5 N X

ROSACEAE Rubus odoratus

Purple Flowering Raspberry G5 S5 N X

ROSACEAE Rubus pubescens Catherinettes Berry G5 S5 N X X

ROSACEAE Spiraea alba

Narrow-leaved Meadow-sweet G5 S5 N X X X X

ROSACEAE Spiraea tomentosa Hardhack Spiraea G5 S4S5 N X X X

ROSACEAE Waldsteinia fragarioides Barren Strawberry G5 S5 N X

ROSACEAE Rubus idaeus ssp. melanolasius G5T5 S5 N X

FABACEAE Amphicarpaea bracteata American Hog-peanut G5 S5 N X

FABACEAE Desmodium glutinosum Large Tick-trefoil G5 S4 N X

FABACEAE Desmodium paniculatum var. paniculatum G5T5 S4 N X

FABACEAE Melilotus alba White Sweet Clover G5 SE5 N X X

FABACEAE Trifolium pratense Red Clover G? SE5 N X X

FABACEAE Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch G? SE5 N X

GERANIACEAE Geranium bicknellii Bicknell Northern G5 S4 N X

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Crane's-bill

GERANIACEAE Geranium robertianum Herb-robert G5 SE5 N X

POLYGALACEAE Polygala paucifolia Gay-wing Milkwort G5 S5 N X X X

ANACARDIACEAE Rhus radicans ssp. rydbergii Poison Ivy G5T5 S5 N X X

ANACARDIACEAE Rhus typhina Staghorn Sumac G5 S5 N X

AQUIFOLIACEAE Ilex verticillata Black Holly G5 S5 N X X

AQUIFOLIACEAE Nemopanthus mucronatus Mountain Holly G5 S5 N

X, MJM2007-58, MJM2007-60 X

CELASTRACEAE Celastrus scandens Climbing Bittersweet G5 S5 N X

ACERACEAE Acer pensylvanicum Striped Maple G5 S5 N X X

ACERACEAE Acer rubrum Red Maple G5 S5 N X X X X

ACERACEAE Acer saccharinum Silver Maple G5 S5 N X X X

ACERACEAE Acer saccharum ssp. saccharum Sugar Maple G5T5 S5 N X X X X X

ACERACEAE Acer spicatum Mountain Maple G5 S5 N X X X

ACERACEAE Acer x freemanii Hybrid Maple HYB S? N X

BALSAMINACEAE Impatiens capensis Spotted Jewel-weed G5 S5 N X X X

VITACEAE Vitis riparia Riverbank Grape G5 S5 N X

TILIACEAE Tilia americana American Basswood G5 S5 N X X X X

CLUSIACEAE Hypericum mutilum ssp. boreale

Northern St. John's-wort G5 S5 N X

CLUSIACEAE Hypericum canadense Canadian St. John's-wort G5 S4? N X, MJM2007-127

CLUSIACEAE Hypericum majus Larger Canadian St. G5 S5 N X

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John's Wort

CLUSIACEAE Hypericum perforatum A St. John's-wort G? SE5 N X X

CLUSIACEAE Triadenum fraseri Marsh St. John's-wort G4G5 S5 N X X X

CLUSIACEAE Triadenum virginicum Marsh St. John's-wort G5 S3 Y X

CISTACEAE Lechea intermedia Narrowleaf Pinweed G5 S4 N X

VIOLACEAE Viola lanceolata Lance-leaf Violet G5 S4 N X

VIOLACEAE Viola macloskeyi Smooth White Violet G5 S5 N X

VIOLACEAE Viola sororia Woolly Blue Violet G5 S5 N X

THYMELAEACEAE Dirca palustris Eastern Leatherwood G4 S4? N X

LYTHRACEAE Decodon verticillatus Hairy Swamp Loosestrife G5 S5 N X

LYTHRACEAE Lythrum salicaria Purple Loosestrife G5 SE5 N X

ONAGRACEAE Circaea lutetiana

Southern Broadleaf Enchanter's Nightshade G5 S5 N X X

ONAGRACEAE Epilobium angustifolium Fireweed G5 S5 N X

ONAGRACEAE Epilobium coloratum Purple-leaf Willow-herb G5 S5 N X

ONAGRACEAE Ludwigia palustris Marsh Seedbox G5 S5 N X X, MJM2007-119

ONAGRACEAE Oenothera biennis

Common Evening-primrose G5 S5 N X X

HALORAGACEAE Myriophyllum spicatum Eurasian Water-milfoil G? SE5 N X

HALORAGACEAE Myriophyllum verticillatum

Whorled Water-milfoil G5 S5 N X

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ARALIACEAE Aralia hispida Bristly Sarsaparilla G5 S5 N X X, MJM2007-53

ARALIACEAE Aralia nudicaulis Wild Sarsaparilla G5 S5 N X X X X

APIACEAE Cicuta bulbifera

Bulb-bearing Water-hemlock G5 S5 N X

APIACEAE Daucus carota Wild Carrot G? SE5 N X X

APIACEAE Hydrocotyle americana

American Water-pennywort G5 S5 N X

APIACEAE Osmorhiza claytonii Hairy Sweet-cicely G5 S5 N X

APIACEAE Sium suave

Hemlock Water-parsnip G5 S5 N X

CORNACEAE Cornus alternifolia Alternate-leaf Dogwood G5 S5 N X X X X

CORNACEAE Cornus canadensis Bunchberry G5 S5 N X X

CORNACEAE Cornus rugosa Roundleaf Dogwood G5 S5 N X

ERICACEAE Andromeda polifolia ssp. glaucophylla

Bog Rosemary G5T5 S5 N X

ERICACEAE Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Bearberry G5 S5 N X

ERICACEAE Chamaedaphne calyculata Leatherleaf G5 S5 N X X X X

ERICACEAE Epigaea repens Trailing Arbutus G5 S5 N X

ERICACEAE Gaultheria hispidula Creeping Snowberry G5 S5 N X

ERICACEAE Gaultheria procumbens Teaberry G5 S5 N X X

ERICACEAE Gaylussacia baccata Black Huckleberry G5 S4 N X X

ERICACEAE Ledum groenlandicum Common Labrador Tea G5 S5 N X X

ERICACEAE Vaccinium angustifolium Late G5 S5 N X X X

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Lowbush Blueberry

ERICACEAE Vaccinium macrocarpon Large Cranberry G4 S4S5 N X X

ERICACEAE Vaccinium myrtilloides Velvetleaf Blueberry G5 S5 N X

ERICACEAE Vaccinium oxycoccos Small Cranberry G5 S5 N X

PYROLACEAE Chimaphila umbellata Common Wintergreen G5 S5 N X

PYROLACEAE Pyrola americana American Wintergreen G5 S4? N X

PRIMULACEAE Lysimachia terrestris Swamp Loosestrife G5 S5 N X X

PRIMULACEAE Lysimachia thyrsiflora Water Loosestrife G5 S5 N X, MJM2007-167

PRIMULACEAE Trientalis borealis Northern Starflower G5 S5 N X X X

OLEACEAE Fraxinus americana White Ash G5 S5 N X X X X

OLEACEAE Fraxinus nigra Black Ash G5 S5 N X

MENYANTHACEAE Menyanthes trifoliata Bog Buckbean G5 S5 N X

APOCYNACEAE Apocynum androsaemifolium

Spreading Dogbane G5 S5 N X X

APOCYNACEAE Apocynum cannabinum Clasping-leaf Dogbane G5 S5 N X

ASCLEPIADACEAE Asclepias incarnata Swamp Milkweed G5 S5 N X X

ASCLEPIADACEAE Asclepias syriaca Kansas Milkweed G5 S5 N X X X

BORAGINACEAE Echium vulgare

Common Viper's-bugloss G? SE5 N X X

LAMIACEAE Clinopodium vulgare Field Basil G5 S5 N X

LAMIACEAE Galeopsis tetrahit Brittle-stem Hempnettle G? SE5 N X

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LAMIACEAE Lycopus americanus American Bugleweed G5 S5 N X

LAMIACEAE Lycopus uniflorus Northern Bugleweed G5 S5 N X X X X

LAMIACEAE Monarda fistulosa

Wild Bergamot Bee-balm G5 S5 N X

LAMIACEAE Prunella vulgaris Self-heal G5 S5 X X

LAMIACEAE Scutellaria galericulata Hooded Skullcap G5 S5 N X

LAMIACEAE Scutellaria lateriflora Mad Dog Skullcap G5 S5 N X, MJM2007-141

LAMIACEAE Mentha arvensis Corn Mint G5 S5 N X X

SOLANACEAE Solanum dulcamara Climbing Nightshade G? SE5 N X X X

SCROPHULARIACEAE Agalinis tenuifolia Slender Agalinis G5 S4S5 N X, MJM2007-144

SCROPHULARIACEAE Chelone glabra White Turtlehead G5 S5 N X

SCROPHULARIACEAE Melampyrum lineare American Cow-wheat G5 S4S5 N X

SCROPHULARIACEAE Penstemon hirsutus Hairy Beardtongue G4 S4 N X

SCROPHULARIACEAE Verbascum thapsus Great Mullein G? SE5 N X X

OROBANCHACEAE Epifagus virginiana Beechdrops G5 S5 N X

LENTIBULARIACEAE Pinguicula vulgaris Common Butterwort G5 S5 N X

LENTIBULARIACEAE Utricularia gibba Humped Bladderwort G5 S4 N X

LENTIBULARIACEAE Utricularia minor Lesser Bladderwort G5 S5 N X

LENTIBULARIACEAE Utricularia purpurea Purple Bladderwort G5 S4 N X

LENTIBULARIACEAE Utricularia vulgaris Greater Bladderwort G5 S5 N X, MJM2007-56

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PLANTAGINACEAE Plantago major Nipple-seed Plantain G5 SE5 N X X

PLANTAGINACEAE Plantago rugelii Black-seed Plantain G5 S5 N X

RUBIACEAE Cephalanthus occidentalis Common Buttonbush G5 S5 N X

RUBIACEAE Galium asprellum Rough Bedstraw G5 S5 N X X

RUBIACEAE Galium labradoricum Bog Bedstraw G5 S5 N X X, MJM2007-184

RUBIACEAE Galium trifidum Small Bedstraw G5 S5 N X X

RUBIACEAE Galium triflorum Sweet-scent Bedstraw G5 S5 N X

RUBIACEAE Mitchella repens Partridge-berry G5 S5 N X X X

CAPRIFOLIACEAE Diervilla lonicera

Northern Bush-honeysuckle G5 S5 N X X X X

CAPRIFOLIACEAE Lonicera canadensis

American Fly-honeysuckle G5 S5 N X X X X

CAPRIFOLIACEAE Lonicera dioica Mountain Honeysuckle G5 S5 N X, MJM2007-59 X

CAPRIFOLIACEAE Lonicera hirsuta Hairy Honeysuckle G4G5 S5 N X

CAPRIFOLIACEAE Sambucus canadensis Common Elderberry G5 S5 N X

CAPRIFOLIACEAE Sambucus racemosa European Red Elder G5 S5 N X X

CAPRIFOLIACEAE Symphoricarpos albus Snowberry G5 S5 X

CAPRIFOLIACEAE Viburnum acerifolium Maple-leaf Viburnum G5 S5 N X X

CAPRIFOLIACEAE Viburnum cassinoides Northern Wild-raisin G5 S5 N X X X X X, MJM2007-21

CAPRIFOLIACEAE Viburnum lantanoides Alderleaf Viburnum G5 S5 N X X

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CAPRIFOLIACEAE Viburnum lentago Nannyberry G5 S5 N X X

CAPRIFOLIACEAE Viburnum rafinesquianum Downy Arrowwood G5 S5 N X X

CAMPANULACEAE Campanula rotundifolia American Harebell G5 S5 N X

CAMPANULACEAE Lobelia inflata Indian-tobacco G5 S5 N X X

ASTERACEAE Achillea millefolium Yarrow G5 S5 X X

ASTERACEAE Ambrosia artemisiifolia Annual Ragweed G5 S5 N X X

ASTERACEAE Anaphalis margaritacea Pearly Everlasting G5 S5 N X

ASTERACEAE Antennaria neglecta Field Pussytoes G5 S5 N X

ASTERACEAE Symphyotrichum ciliolatum

Lindley's Aster G5 S5 N X X X, MJM2006-136

ASTERACEAE Symphyotrichum cordifolium

Heart-leaf Aster G5 S5 N X

ASTERACEAE Symphyotrichum lanceolatum

Panicled Aster G5 S5 X

ASTERACEAE Symphyotrichum lateriflorum Starved Aster G5 S5 X X

ASTERACEAE Eurybia macrophylla Large-leaf Wood-aster G5 S5 N X X X

ASTERACEAE Symphyotrichum puniceum Swamp Aster G5 S5 N X X X X

ASTERACEAE Doellingeria umbellata Flat-top White Aster G5 S5 X X X X

ASTERACEAE Bidens cernua Nodding Beggar-ticks G5 S5 N X X

ASTERACEAE Bidens discoidea Swamp Beggar-ticks G5 S4 N X

ASTERACEAE Bidens frondosa Devil's Beggar-ticks G5 S5 N X X

ASTERACEAE Cichorium intybus Chicory G? SE5 N X

ASTERACEAE Cirsium arvense Crepping G? SE5 N X

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Thistle

ASTERACEAE Cirsium vulgare Bull Thistle G5 SE5 N X

ASTERACEAE Conyza canadensis Fleabane G5 S5 N X

ASTERACEAE Erechtites hieracifolia Fireweed G5 S5 N X X

ASTERACEAE Erigeron annuus White-top Fleabane G5 S5 N X, MJM2007-50

ASTERACEAE Erigeron strigosus Daisy Fleabane G5 S5 N X X X

ASTERACEAE Eupatorium maculatum Spotted Joe-pye Weed G5 S5 X X X

ASTERACEAE Eupatorium perfoliatum Common Boneset G5 S5 N X X X

ASTERACEAE Eupatorium rugosum White Snakeroot G5 S5 N X

ASTERACEAE Euthamia graminifolia

Flat-top Fragrant-golden-rod G5 S5 N X X

ASTERACEAE Hieracium kalmii Kalm's Hawkweed G5 S4S5 X

ASTERACEAE Hieracium piloselloides Tall Hawkweed G? SE5 N X, MJM2007-40 X

ASTERACEAE Lactuca canadensis Canada Lettuce G5 S5 N X X

ASTERACEAE Chrysanthemum leucanthemum Oxeye Daisy G? SE5 N X X

ASTERACEAE Matricaria matricarioides

Pineapple-weed Chamomile G5 SE5 N X

ASTERACEAE Megalodonta beckii Water-marigold G4G5 S5 N X

ASTERACEAE Prenanthes alba

White Rattlesnake-root G5 S5 N X

ASTERACEAE Prenanthes sp.

White Rattlesnake-root N X X

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ASTERACEAE Rudbeckia hirta Black-eyed Susan G5 S5 N X X

ASTERACEAE Solidago caesia Bluestem Goldenrod G5 S5 N X

ASTERACEAE Solidago canadensis Canada Goldenrod G5 S5 X X X

ASTERACEAE Solidago flexicaulis Broad-leaved Goldenrod G5 S5 N X

ASTERACEAE Solidago hispida Hairy Goldenrod G5 S5 N X

ASTERACEAE Solidago juncea Early Goldenrod G5 S5 N X X X, MJM2007-109 X

ASTERACEAE Solidago nemoralis Field Goldenrod G5 S5 X X X

ASTERACEAE Solidago rugosa Rough-leaf Goldenrod G5 S5 N X X

X, MJM2007-114, MJM2007-115 X

ASTERACEAE Solidago squarrosa Squarrose Goldenrod G4? S4 N X

ASTERACEAE Sonchus arvensis Field Sowthistle G? SE5 X

ASTERACEAE Tanacetum vulgare Common Tansy G? SE5 N X

ASTERACEAE Tragopogon pratensis Meadow Goat's-beard G? SE5 N X

ASTERACEAE Tussilago farfara Colt's Foot G? SE5 N X X

ASTERACEAE Solidago altissima Tall Goldenrod G5T5 S5 X

ASTERACEAE Solidago hispida var. hispida G5T5 SU X

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APPENDIX B. Fauna observed in 2007 fieldwork in The Land Between. Breeding evidence for birds is documented in the table as X=present in suitable habitat, P=probable, C=confirmed.

FAMILY SCI_NAME COMMON_NAME GRANK NPROT SPROT SRANK TRA

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SPIROBOLIDAE Narceus americanus A Millipede G? S? N X LYCAENIDAE Celastrina ladon Spring Azure G5 S5 N X X X NYMPHALIDAE Danaus plexippus Monarch G4 SC SC S4 N X X

LIBELLULIDAE Ladona julia Chalk-fronted Corporal G5 S5 N X DREISSENIDAE Dreissena polymorpha Zebra Mussel G5 SE N X BUFONIDAE Anaxyrus americanus American Toad G5 S5 N X X HYLIDAE Hyla versicolor Gray Treefrog G5 S5 N X X

HYLIDAE Pseudacris triseriata Western Chorus Frog G5 NAR NAR S4 N X RANIDAE Lythobates catesbeiana American Bullfrog G5 S4 N X RANIDAE Lythobates clamitans Green Frog G5 S5 N X

RANIDAE Lythobates pipiens Northern Leopard Frog G5 NAR NAR S5 N X X RANIDAE Lythobates sylvatica Wood Frog G5 S5 N X CHELYDRIDAE Chelydra serpentina Snapping Turtle G5 S5 N X EMYDIDAE Chrysemys picta Painted Turtle G5 S5 X X EMYDIDAE Emydoidea blandingii Blanding's Turtle G4 THR S3 Y X X SCINCIDAE Plestiodon fasciatus Common Five-lined Skink G5 SC SC S3 Y X COLUBRIDAE Lampropeltis triangulum Eastern Milksnake G5 SC SC S3 Y X X

COLUBRIDAE Thamnophis sirtalis Common Gartersnake G5 S5 X X GAVIIDAE Gavia immer Common Loon G5 NAR NAR S4B,SZN N P P ARDEIDAE Ardea herodias Great Blue Heron G5 S5B,SZN N C X X

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ANATIDAE Mergus serrator Red-breasted Merganser G5 S4B,SZN N P CATHARTIDAE Cathartes aura Turkey Vulture G5 S4B,SZN N X

ACCIPITRIDAE Buteo lineatus Red-shouldered Hawk G5 SC SC S4B,SZN N P P

ACCIPITRIDAE Buteo platypterus Broad-winged Hawk G5 S5B,SZN N X X ACCIPITRIDAE Buteo jamaicensis Red-tailed Hawk G5 NAR NAR S5B,SZN N X FALCONIDAE Falco columbarius Merlin G5 NAR NAR S4B,SZN N X PHASIANIDAE Bonasa umbellus Ruffed Grouse G5 S5 N P P PHASIANIDAE Meleagris gallopavo Wild Turkey G5 S4 N P

SCOLOPACIDAE Tringa solitaria Solitary Sandpiper G5 S4B,SZN N P

SCOLOPACIDAE Scolopax minor American Woodcock G5 S5B,SZN N P LARIDAE Larus delawarensis Ring-billed Gull G5 S5B,SZN N X

CUCULIDAE Coccyzus erythropthalmus Black-billed Cuckoo G5 S4B,SZN N P P ALCEDINIDAE Ceryle alcyon Belted Kingfisher G5 S5B,SZN N P

PICIDAE Sphyrapicus varius Yellow-bellied Sapsucker G5 S5B,SZN N P P P

PICIDAE Picoides villosus Hairy Woodpecker G5 S5 N P P PICIDAE Colaptes auratus Northern Flicker G5 S5B,SZN N P P

TYRANNIDAE Contopus virens Eastern Wood-pewee G5 S5B,SZN N P TYRANNIDAE Empidonax alnorum Alder Flycatcher G5 S5B,SZN N P P TYRANNIDAE Empidonax minimus Least Flycatcher G5 S5B,SZN N P

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TYRANNIDAE Sayornis phoebe Eastern Phoebe G5 S5B,SZN N P P P

TYRANNIDAE Myiarchus crinitus Great Crested Flycatcher G5 S5B,SZN N P P P TYRANNIDAE Tyrannus tyrannus Eastern Kingbird G5 S5B,SZN N P P HIRUNDINIDAE Tachycineta bicolor Tree Swallow G5 S5B,SZN N P P HIRUNDINIDAE Petrochelidon pyrrhonota Cliff Swallow G5 S5B,SZN N P CORVIDAE Cyanocitta cristata Blue Jay G5 S5 N P P P CORVIDAE Corvus brachyrhynchos American Crow G5 S5B,SZN N X CORVIDAE Corvus corax Common Raven G5 S5 N X X X

PARIDAE Poecile atricapillus Black-capped Chickadee G5 S5 N P P P

SITTIDAE Sitta canadensis Red-breasted Nuthatch G5 S5B,SZN N P P P

SITTIDAE Sitta carolinensis White-breasted Nuthatch G5 S5 N P P TROGLODYTIDAE Troglodytes aedon House Wren G5 S5B,SZN N P TROGLODYTIDAE Troglodytes troglodytes Winter Wren G5 S5B,SZN N P P TURDIDAE Catharus fuscescens Veery G5 S4B,SZN N P P TURDIDAE Hylocichla mustelina Wood Thrush G5 S5B,SZN N P P P MIMIDAE Dumetella carolinensis Gray Catbird G5 S5B,SZN N P BOMBYCILLIDAE Bombycilla cedrorum Cedar Waxwing G5 S5B,SZN N P

VIREONIDAE Vireo solitarius Blue-headed Vireo G5 S5B,SZN N P P

VIREONIDAE Vireo flavifrons Yellow-throated Vireo G5 S4B,SZN N P VIREONIDAE Vireo olivaceus Red-eyed Vireo G5 S5B,SZN N P P P P

PARULIDAE Vermivora chrysoptera Golden-winged Warbler G4 S4B,SZN Y P P

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PARULIDAE Vermivora peregrina Tennessee Warbler G5 S5B,SZN N P P PARULIDAE Vermivora ruficapilla Nashville Warbler G5 S5B,SZN N P P P

PARULIDAE Dendroica pensylvanica Chestnut-sided Warbler G5 S5B,SZN N C P P PARULIDAE Dendroica magnolia Magnolia Warbler G5 S5B,SZN N P P P

PARULIDAE Dendroica caerulescens Black-throated Blue Warbler G5 S5B,SZN N P P P

PARULIDAE Dendroica virens Black-throated Green Warbler G5 S5B,SZN N P P P PARULIDAE Dendroica pinus Pine Warbler G5 S5B,SZN N P P P

PARULIDAE Mniotilta varia Black-and-white Warbler G5 S5B,SZN N P P

PARULIDAE Setophaga ruticilla American Redstart G5 S5B,SZN N P P P PARULIDAE Seiurus aurocapillus Ovenbird G5 S5B,SZN N P P P P

PARULIDAE Geothlypis trichas Common Yellowthroat G5 S5B,SZN N P P P P PARULIDAE Wilsonia canadensis Canada Warbler G5 S5B,SZN N P THRAUPIDAE Piranga olivacea Scarlet Tanager G5 S5B,SZN N P

CARDINALIDAE Pheucticus ludovicianus Rose-breasted Grosbeak G5 S5B,SZN N P P P P EMBERIZIDAE Spizella passerina Chipping Sparrow G5 S5B,SZN N P P EMBERIZIDAE Spizella pusilla Field Sparrow G5 S5B,SZN N P P EMBERIZIDAE Melospiza melodia Song Sparrow G5 S5B,SZN N P P EMBERIZIDAE Melospiza georgiana Swamp Sparrow G5 S5B,SZN N P P

EMBERIZIDAE Zonotrichia albicollis White-throated Sparrow G5 S5B,SZN N P P

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ICTERIDAE Dolichonyx oryzivorus Bobolink G5 S4B,SZN N P

ICTERIDAE Agelaius phoeniceus Red-winged Blackbird G5 S5B,SZN N P P

ICTERIDAE Sturnella magna Eastern Meadowlark G5 S5B,SZN N P FRINGILLIDAE Carpodacus purpureus Purple Finch G5 S5B,SZN N P TALPIDAE Parascalops breweri Hairy-tailed Mole G5 S4 N X

SCIURIDAE Tamias striatus Eastern Chipmunk G5 S5 N X X X SCIURIDAE Tamiasciurus hudsonicus Red Squirrel G5 S5 N X ERETHIZONTIDAE Erethizon dorsatum Porcupine G5 S5 N X X URSIDAE Ursus americanus Black Bear G5 NAR NAR S5 N X X PROCYONIDAE Procyon lotor Raccoon G5 S5 N X MUSTELIDAE Mustela vison Mink G5 S5 N X CERVIDAE Odocoileus virginianus White-tailed Deer G5 S5 N X X X CERVIDAE Alces alces Moose G5 S5 N X X X


APPENDIX C. Vegetation Community Data Sheet

Site Name: Observer(s): Date: Transect No.: Stop No.: Topo Map: Datum: Accuracy of UTM: 1 (within 1 m), 2 (within 10 m), 3 (within 1 km), 4 (within 10 km) Zone: Easting: Northing: Vegetation Community Name: Estimated Patch size (1 ha=100m x100m): ELC Name: ELC Code: Ecosite Name: Vegetation Tree Layer (%cover +dominants% +major associates): Understory Layer (%cover +dominants% +major associates): Sapling Layer (%cover +dominants% +major associates): Shrub Layer (%cover +dominants% +major associates): Herbaceous/Non-vascular: (%cover +dominants% +major associates): Rare Flora/Fauna: Succession/Mosaic Comments: Landform (e.g. alluvial sand plain, drumlin, bedrock): Topographic Position: Geology: Soil Type/Description: Depth of Organic Layer: Site Moisture: Depth to Gley/Mottling: Slope/Drainage: Threats, Other Observations:

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LIFE SCIENCE INVENTORY - The Land Between