Let’s Recap

A. What is a tenement?B. Who can give me a rough mapping of who

lived where in early cities?C. Who can explain to me why these people

lived where they did?D. What are the definitions & differences

between “immigration” & “in-migration?”

Solving City Problems• Fires are a constant danger in cities– Great Chicago Fire 1871

strong dry winds + factory grease & oil = 300 dead, 100,000 homeless

• Overpopulation as people crowded into cities• Lack of sanitation as garbage filled the streets

Solving City Problems

• Air pollution from factories pumped out smoke• Crime flourishes as living quarters are so close and

not secure• Deaths from spread of disease and fires in

tenements

Solving City Problems

Urban ReformsBuilding Codes: regulations that set standards for construction and safety. • New buildings required to have fire escapes & decent plumbing

Cities hired workers to

collect garbage & sweep the

streets (jobs)

Urban Reforms

Zoning laws kept factories out of neighborhoods where people lived

(reduces pollution)

Urban Reforms

Cities set up professional fire

companies & police forces

(jobs) (safety)

Urban Reforms

– Street lights put in cities for nighttime (safety)– Public transportation is built in most cities (jobs) (safety) – Engineers & Architects hired to design new water systems for

clean water (sanitation) (jobs)

Urban Reforms

Social Gospel: movement within American Protestantism in the late 1800s that attempted to apply biblical teachings to society’s problems• A calling on Christians to do “their duty” in helping the poor• Work with employers to get workers a ½ day off on Saturdays

Religious Organizations Help the Poor

Religious Organizations Help the Poor

– Mother Cabrini – Italian born nun that founds dozens of hospitals for the poor

– Salvation Army: an international charitable organization• Food, shelter, Christian-based education to the poor

YMHAYMHA- Young Men’s Hebrew Association: organization founded in Baltimore in 1854 to provide community services to Jewish neighborhoods• Helped Jewish families acculturate while preserving their

culture/ traditions• Spawned the YWHA

Settlement House Movement

Settlement houses: community centers that offered services to the poor• Jane Addams leads the movement in Chicago• Came from a prevalent home & moved to the Chicago slums• Opens her home, an old mansion & creates the Hull House

• Many women came to live there and help the movement–Education: government & English language–Health care–Recreational activities: sports, choir, acting

Settlement House Movement

Pressing for Reform– Women knew the only way to make an impactful change

was to ban together and unite– HOWEVER…women’s rights were still lacking, without

the right to vote, they couldn’t make an impact or ask for help from the government

– This starts the women’s suffrage movement…

BRAIN SPILL:On your index card, watch the

following pictures SILENTLY and write down adjectives or words

that come to mind…

As many as you can think of, no limit necessary.

Jacob Riis: “How the Other Half Lives”

“Step carefully over this baby—it is a baby, spite of its rags and dirt—under these iron bridges called fire-escapes, but loaded

down…with broken household goods, with washtubs and barrels, over which no man could climb a fire”

So….

• Once the “rich” and the rest of the country sees the way the other half lives, we realize it’s time to do something about it

• But what?...

• What would you make the push to do?

For Homework – 10 points tomorrow

Make a “half-page” from scratch paper- TOP: If Jacob Riis could come and visit

Newtown, or where you live today…what would he say about the living conditions & social classes?

- BOTTOM: Interview mom or dad. Have them reflect the environment where/ when they grew up regarding living conditions & social class stratification

• Chapters 6 & 7

• http://safari3.bucksiu.org/SAFARI/montage/play.php?keyindex=31624&location=local