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LET Reviewer BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE Reviewer
1. Humans and mice differ because
A) their cells have different small organic molecules.
B) their cells make different types of large biological molecules.
C) their cells make different types of lipids.
D) their cells have some differences in the sequence of nucleotides in their nucleic acids.
E) their cells make different types of proteins.
2. Why do organisms undergo molting? It is for _____.
a. Growth
b. Adaptation
c. Locomotion
d. Respiration
3. What composer the binomial nomenclature in taxonomy?
a. Class and Order
b. Genus and Class
c. Genus and Species
d. Kingdom and Class
4. Gymnosperms are woody plants with seeds and enclosed in fruits. An ex. is _______.
a. Pine tree
b. Mango tree
c. Acacia tree
d. Coconut tree
4. Which of the following field of science led to the development of Mendel's work on garden peas?
a. Heredity
b. Genetics
c. Biology
d. Taxonomy
5. Which of the following carbohydrates is polysaccharide?
a. Glucose
b. Fructose
c. Sucrose
d. Starch
Molecules with which functional groups may form polymers via dehydration reactions?
A) hydroxyl groups
B) carbonyl groups
C) carboxyl groups
D) either carbonyl or carboxyl groups
E) either hydroxyl or carboxyl groups
Answer: E
Which of these molecules is not formed by dehydration reactions?
A) fatty acids
B) disaccharides
C) DNA
D) protein
E) amylose
Answer: A
) In animal metabolism, most of the monomers released by digestion of food macromolecules are metabolized to provide energy. Only a small portion of these monomers are used for synthesis of new macromolecules. The net result is that
A) water is generated by animal metabolism.
B) water is consumed by animal metabolism.
C) the water consumed is exactly balanced by the water generated, to maintain homeostasis.
D) water is consumed during homeostasis, but water is generated during periods of growth.
E) water is generated during homeostasis, but water is consumed during periods of growth.
Answer: B
Which of these classes of biological molecules consist of both small molecules and macromolecular polymers?
A) lipids
B) carbohydrates
C) proteins
D) nucleic acids
E) lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids all consist of only macromolecular polymers
Answer: B
Which of the following is not a polymer?
A) glucose
B) starch
C) cellulose
D) chitin
E) DNA
Answer: A
What is the chemical reaction mechanism by which cells make polymers from monomers?
A) phosphodiester linkages
B) hydrolysis
C) dehydration reactions
D) ionic bonding of monomers
E) the formation of disulfide bridges between monomers
Answer: C
How many molecules of water are needed to completely hydrolyze a polymer that is 11 monomers long?
A) 12
B) 11
C) 10
D) 9
E) 8
Answer: C
Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis?
A) Dehydration reactions assemble polymers, and hydrolysis reactions break down polymers.
B) Dehydration reactions eliminate water from lipid membranes, and hydrolysis makes lipid membranes water permeable.
C) Dehydration reactions can occur only after hydrolysis.
D) Hydrolysis creates monomers, and dehydration reactions break down polymers.
E) Dehydration reactions ionize water molecules and add hydroxyl groups to polymers; hydrolysis reactions release hydroxyl groups from polymers.
Answer: A
Which of the following polymers contain nitrogen?
A) starch
B) glycogen
C) cellulose
D) chitin
E) amylopectin
Answer: D
The molecular formula for glucose is C₆H₁2O₆. What would be the molecular formula for a molecule made by linking three glucose molecules together by dehydration reactions?
A) C₁₈H₃₆O₁₈
B) C₁₈H₃₂O₁₆
C) C₆H₁₀O₅
D) C1₈H₁₀O₁₅
E) C₃H₆O₃
Answer: B
The enzyme amylase can break glycosidic linkages between glucose monomers only if the monomers are the α form. Which of the following could amylase break down?
A) glycogen
B) cellulose
C) chitin
D) glycogen and chitin only
E) glycogen, cellulose, and chitin
Answer: A
On food packages, to what does the term insoluble fiber refer?
A) cellulose
B) polypeptides
C) starch
D) amylopectin
E) chitin
Answer: A
A molecule with the chemical formula C₆H₁₂O₆ is probably a
A) carbohydrate.
B) lipid.
C) monosaccharide
D) carbohydrate and lipid only.
E) carbohydrate and monosaccharide only.
Answer: E
Lactose, a sugar in milk, is composed of one glucose molecule joined by a glycosidic linkage to one galactose molecule. How is lactose classified?
A) as a pentose
B) as a hexose
C) as a monosaccharide
D) as a disaccharide
E) as a polysaccharide
Answer: D
All of the following are polysaccharides except
A) lactose.
B) glycogen.
C) chitin.
D) cellulose.
E) amylopectin.
Answer: A
of the following is true of both starch and cellulose?
A) They are both polymers of glucose.
B) They are cis-trans isomers of each other.
C) They can both be digested by humans.
D) They are both used for energy storage in plants.
E) They are both structural components of the plant cell wall.
Answer: A
Which of the following is true of cellulose?
A) It is a polymer composed of enantiomers of glucose.
B) It is a storage polysaccharide for energy in plant cells.
C) It is digestible by bacteria in the human gut.
D) It is a major structural component of plant cell walls.
E) It is a polymer composed of enantiomers of glucose, it is a storage polysaccharide for energy in plant cells, it is digestible by bacteria in the human gut, and it is a major structural component of plant cell walls.
Answer: D
Humans can digest starch but not cellulose because
A) the monomer of starch is glucose, while the monomer of cellulose is galactose.
B) humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the β glycosidic linkages of starch but not the α glycosidic linkages of cellulose.
C) humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the α glycosidic linkages of starch but not the β glycosidic linkages of cellulose.
D) humans harbor starch-digesting bacteria in the digestive tract.
E) the monomer of starch is glucose, while the monomer of cellulose is glucose with a nitrogen-containing group.
Answer: C
Which of the following statements concerning saturated fats is not true?
A) They are more common in animals than in plants.
B) They have multiple double bonds in the carbon chains of their fatty acids.
C) They generally solidify at room temp
D) They contain more hydrogen than unsaturated fats having the same number of carbon atoms.
E) They are one of several factors that contribute to atherosclerosis.
Answer: B
A molecule with the formula C₁₈H3₆O₂ is probably a
A) carbohydrate.
B) fatty acid.
C) protein.
D) nucleic acid.
E) hydrocarbon.
Answer: B
Which of the following statements is true for the class of biological molecules known as lipids?
A) They are insoluble in water.
B) They are made from glycerol, fatty acids, and phosphate.
C) They contain less energy than proteins and carbohydrates.
D) They are made by dehydration reactions.
E) They contain nitrogen.
Answer: A
The label on a container of margarine lists "hydrogenated vegetable oil" as the major ingredient. What is the result of adding hydrogens to vegetable oil?
A) The hydrogenated vegetable oil has a lower melting point.
B) The hydrogenated vegetable oil stays solid at room temperature.
C) The hydrogenated vegetable oil has more "kinks" in the fatty acid chains.
D) The hydrogenated vegetable oil has fewer trans fatty acids.
E) The hydrogenated vegetable oil is less likely to clog arteries.
Answer: B
Which of the following is true regarding saturated fatty acids?
A) They are the predominant fatty acid in corn oil.
B) They have double bonds between carbon atoms of the fatty acids.
C) They are the principal molecules in lard and butter.
D) They are usually liquid at room temperature.
E) They are usually produced by plants.
Answer: C
Large organic molecules are usually assembled by polymerization of a few kinds of simple subunits. Which of the following is an exception to this statement?
A) a steroid
B) cellulose
C) DNA
D) an enzyme
E) a contractile protein
Answer: A
Which modifications of fatty acids will best keep triglycerides solid at warmer temperatures?
A) creating cis double bonds to the fatty acids
B) adding hydrogens to the fatty acids
C) creating trans double bonds to the fatty acids
D) adding hydrogens and trans double bonds to the fatty acids
E) adding cis double bonds and trans double bonds to the fatty acids
Answer: D
Why are human sex hormones considered to be lipids?
A) They are essential components of cell membranes.
B) They are not soluble in water.
C) They are made of fatty acids.
D) They are hydrophilic compounds.
E) They contribute to atherosclerosis.
Dehydration reactions are used in forming which of the following compounds?
A) triacylglycerides
B) polysaccharides
C) proteins
D) triacylglycerides and proteins only
E) triacylglycerides, polysaccharides, and proteins
Which bonds are created during the formation of the primary structure of a protein?
A) peptide bonds
B) hydrogen bonds
C) disulfide bonds
D) phosphodiester bonds
E) peptide bonds, hydrogen bonds, and disulfide bonds
Answer: A
1. Which is not considered as adaptive mechanism of living things?
a. Modification of body parts to suit the environment.
b. Presence of specialized structures like thorns and fins.
c. Possession of camouflage features like color, pattern or shape.
d. Reproduction for the preservation of a certain species.
2. Biologists are at present involved in gene manipulation by altering the genes in nuclei. Which aims seem to be the most important of such manipulation?
a. to cure ancient genetic diseases like cancer
b. to prolong life
c. to create new types of agricultural plants and animals
d. to make significant changes in man himself
3. Which chemical substance produced by the body regulates and coordinates the functions and activities of bodily organ?
a. gene
b. Deoxyribonucleic acid
c. hormone
d. enzyme
4. Which endocrine abnormality is characterized by dwarfness, low intelligence and sex immaturity?
a. myxedema
b. cretinism
c. tetany
d. acromegaly
5. What is the present connotation of symbiosis?
a. a give and take relationship of organism
b. any type of relationship between two dissimilar organisms living together
c. a one- sided relationship between two species
d. neutral relationship that exist between two organisms
6. Living things are classified either as aerobic or anaerobic as they grow or metabolize in the presence or absence of:
a. carbon dioxide
b. nitrogen
c. water
d. oxygen
7. What is the structural difference between plants and animals?
a. Plant cells have plastids but animal cells do not.
b. Plant cells have a stiff cell wall of cellulose but animal cells do not.
c. Animal cells have centriole but the cells of higher plants do not.
d. Plant cells have only a thin membrane but animals do not.
8. Only living things can respond to stimuli, to physical and chemical changes in their environment. Such a characteristic is called:
a. metabolism
b. irritability
c. movement
d. specific organization
9. The preservation of specie is made possible through:
a. reproduction
b. adaptation
c. metabolism
d. growth
10. Which process involves in the movement of dissolved molecules (solute) through a differentially permeable membrane?
a. diffusion
b. osmosis
c. Brownian movement
d. dialysis
11. Which refers to the earth’s entire zone of air, land and water which occupied by living things?
a. biosphere
b. biome
c. bioassay
d. biomass
12. Which body organ is responsible for the removal of waste from the blood and body fluids?
a. liver
b. pancreas
c. kidney
d. large intestine
13. What is meant by excretion?
a. Elimination of waste and undigested food from the anus.
b. Removal from the cells and blood streams of substances which are no further use in the body.
c. Release from the cell of some substance that is utilized elsewhere in some bodily process.
d. Absorption of soluble food by the body cells.
14. The clotting of the blood is essentially the function of:
a. red blood cells
b. white corpuscles
c. plasma
d. hemoglobin
15. All living things have a tendency to maintain uniformity or stability in their internal environment called:
a. anabolism
b. metabolism
c. epigenesist
d. homeostasis
16. What is an ecosystem?
a. A basic unit that shows interaction between living things and their environment.
b. A recognizable unit which shows plant and animal distribution as influenced primarily by climate.
c. A fundamental unit that shows various types of relationship among organism.
d. A distinct unit that shows how physical factor can affect other abiotic components in the environment.
17. Which plant structure transports organic nutrients both up and down the stem and roots?
a. xylem
b. vascular bundle
c. parenchyma
d. phloem
18. Under what condition does a living organism live best or has the greatest chance of survival?
a. maximal
b. minimal
c. optimum
d. standard
19. Which traps light energy from the sun for use in the photosynthesis?
a. carbon dioxide
b. water
c. chlorophyll
d. oxygen
20. Smoking cigarettes:
a. causes ulcer
b.decreases the vital capacity of the stomach
c. leads to emphysema and lung cancer
d. leads to abnormal life
21. Blood cells and plasma factors are important:
a. immune defense
b. invaders
c. external defenses
d. internal defenses
22. A spinal nerve is:
a. motor nerve
b. sensory nerve
c. neuron
d. mixed nerve
23. The anterior pituitary stimulates the:
a. motor coordination
b. consciousness
c. sense reception
d. homeostasis
24. What do all methods of birth control have in common?
a. they all use some device
b. they are all expensive
c. they interrupt lovemaking
d. they prevent the egg from coming in contact with the sperm
25. Pregnancy begins:
a. upon successful implantation
b. during the follicular phase
c. when the egg is fertilized
d. when ovulation occurs
26. The fact that many insects are now immune to DDT is an example of:
a. natural selection
b. genetic drift
c. geographical isolation
d. translocation
27. The nutrient glucose is useful to the body:
a. to prevent goiter
b. as a source of energy
c. active reabsorption
d. during the process of respiration
28. Radiant energy is covered into chemical energy during:
a. oxidation
b. glycosis
c. respiration
d. photosynthesis
29. Which of the following is not a form of vegetative reproduction?
a. regeneration
b. budding
c. spore formation
d. vegetation by runners
30. Nitrogenous waste is produced by the metabolism of:
a. fats
b. carbohydrates
c. proteins
d. starches
31. Which of the following is a reflex act?
a. breathing
b. blinking
c. walking
d. sleeping
32. In an ecosystem:
a. only energy is recycled
b. only materials are recycled
c. both materials and energy are recycled
d. neither materials nor energy is recycled
33. Distribution of plants is affected by:
a. type of soil
b. amount of light
c. amount of rainfall
d. A, B, and C are correct
34. Which decoction contains traces of iron to arrest hemorrhage?
a. corn silk
b. ampalaya leaves flowers
c. gumamela
d. coconut milk
35. Hyperacidity can destroy the lining of the stomach. Which of the following substance can ease the discomfort?
a. water therapy
b. milk of magnesia
c. starch solution
d. gelatin
36. Deficiency of carbohydrates is characterized by:
a. sluggishness
b. pallor
c. obesity
d. bone deformation
37. Salt as a preservative causes:
a. cell shrinkage
b. ionization
c. hydrolysis
d. hydration
38. What do you call the practical or industrial application based on scientific principles?
a. scientific method
b. technology
c. theory
d. experimentation
39. What is the principal cause of earthquakes?
a. faulting
b. landslides
c. nuclear explosions
d. volcanic eruptions
40. Purification of metals can be done best by:
a. filtration
b. flotation
c. aeration
d. electrolysis
b. answers B, C, and D
c. Social Learning
d. Behavioristic Learning
8. Usually, children learn mainly by observation. By doing this, they can get the information they need and incorporate it in the schemata. Which theory of learning is observed?
a. Cognitive learning
b. Humanistic learning
c. Social learning
d. Behavioristic learning
9. By and large educational authorities agree that character is “caught” and not “taught”. What is the rationale for this?
a. Character is generally dependent on reasoning and intelligent thinking
b. Character is inborn and therefore it resists changes
c. Character is generally dependent on what are seen and experienced
d. Character is developed through the process of trial and error
10. Miss X gives this activity to her pupils for ten minutes after the discussion of a lesson to help them transfer new information into long- term memory and relate them with the old lessons. What do you call this activity?
a. drill
b. practice
c. motivation
d. review
11. If a teacher discovers a mathematically- gifted child in her class, what best arrangements will be observed?
a. provide him with enrichment activities
b. let him teach the slow learners
c. place him in a special class
d. accelerate him to the next grade level
12. Accordingly, one of the disadvantages of the recitation strategy is that it does not encourage understanding of information. How can the teachers improve the strategy?
a. ask many questions about the topic
b. ask thought- provoking questions
c. assign study topics beforehand
d. give students time to think before answering
13. Generally before planning activities and experiences for his class, what would the teacher do first?
a. give a diagnostic test
b. identify the resources of the community
c. consult the principal about his class
d. review the past lesson
14. Which of the following activities should a teacher vide to his pupils who need more practice to learn the skills?
a. review
b. practice
c. drill
d. seatwork
15. If you recall, there are four variables in the teaching learning process: the teacher, the nature of the subject matter, the learner and the
a. references
b. materials to use
c. learning process
d. objectives
16. Miss W reviews past lessons before introducing the new. She tries to establish continuity in learning and obviously she upholds s the principle of ___________.
a. cause and effect
b. motivation
c. retention
d. apperception
17. Logically a teacher delegates some of her responsibilities to the whole class. He has an attendance monitor, pupils in charge of distributing and collecting materials. The teacher is good in
a. classroom management
b. application of theories
c. development of values
d. instructional planning
18. The teacher who maintains disciplines and sustains interest of the student’s in spite of the big number of pupils in her class is said to be skilled in the ______________ aspect of classroom management.
a. group focus
b. movement management
c. with- it
d. overlapping activities
19. All of the following are characteristics of a good question except
a. requires brief and direct answers
b. stimulates students to think
c. calls for straightforward response
d. appropriate to its purpose
20. In solving problems in Mathematics, at times these questions are asked: “What is given? “What is asked?” and “What process will you use?” These type of questions are
a. diagnostic
b. thought- provoking
c. recall
d. analytical
21. Logically, how can a teacher maintain the standard of quality and effectiveness of audio- visual materials in her room?
a. by following closely the correct procedure in presenting them
b. by constantly using them whenever possible
c. by having various types of materials
d. by continuously evaluating the revising materials
22. It is stated that audio- visual aids complement teaching to make perception more quickly and clearly. Why?
a. they present programmed information
b. they present multi- sensory experience
c. they provide verbal and symbolic experiences
d. they make information readily available
23. A new teacher wants to prepare instructional material focusing informal activities with goals, rules and rewards. Which of the following can she prepare without necessarily spending money?
a. puppets
b. games
c. drawings
d. plays
14. The first task in the selection of media in teaching is to determine the
a. choice of the students
c. techniques to be used
b. availability of the media
d. strategies and techniques
25. It is accepted practice that in preparing a lesson for a day, the setting of objectives is followed by the selection of _________ to achieve the objectives.
a. activities and references
b. methods and procedures
c. group leaders and members
d. strategies and techniques
26. To you, which of these skills is basic and necessary in all investigate activities of the learners?
a. inferring
b. comparing
c. observing
d. measuring
27. What is the reason why learning activities should be carefully planned?
a. the accomplishment of the objectives depends on it
b. the learner’s skill and attitudes are developed
c. they are centered In the children’s energies
d. the teacher’s ability to plan is tested
28. Which of the following is manifested if there are available textbooks and materials for every learner?
a. improvement of quality education
b. development of study skills
c. encouragement of the student to study
d. improvement of school and community relation
29. In your new class, you observed that pupils answer even when not called, about “Ma’am” to get your attention, and laugh whenever someone commits mistakes. What should you do to stop this malpractice?
a. mistakes. What should you do to stop this malpractice?
a. involve the whole class in setting rules to conduct for the class
b. write the parents about their children’s misbehavior
c. send the pupils who are misbehaving to the guidance counselor
d. set the rules for the class to observe
30. During a typhoon, your room was one of those damaged and you were advised to hold classes on the stage. What should you do to manage the class?
a. create the most conducive and comfortable setting out of the situation
b. instruct other pupils not to loiter
c. post a sign “Class Going On” so as not to disrupt classes
d. arrange the pupils to the left side of the stage
31. What can you do to adapt yourself to the technological advances in teaching and learning?
a. encourage my co- teachers to make use of them
b. do away with the traditional methods
c. learn and apply the technology
d. be acquainted with the new technology
32. How does the Department of Education respond primarily to the changes occurring in the modern world?
a. by simplifying administrative function
b. by establishing schools in every barangay
c. by modifying the curriculum
d. by giving more emphasis on teacher’s roles
33. Mr. XW provides his class with experience which is abstractions of the real world involving objects, processes or situations with goals, rules and rewards. Obviously, the ___________ approach is used by him.
a. Discussion
b. Role Playing
c. Activity
d. Simulation
34. Mr. Cruz is tired on his discussion method of teaching, so he tried a new one. The class invited resource persons and after their talks, the class was required to participate. This is called __________.
a. Debate
b. Symposium
c. Round table conference
d. Brainstorming
35. What method is used when a large number of imaginative ideas or solutions to open- ended problems are elicited from a group of individuals who are encouraged to expand their thinking beyond the routine sort of suggestions?
a. Buzz session
b. Brainstorming
c. Fish bowl technique
d. Critiquing session
36. What method is resorted to by teachers to students who need more closely monitored practice and drills before they can proceed to other task? Corrective feedback is provided for them to grasp the materials and avoid frustrations?
a. Programmed
b. Independent Study
c. Remedial
d. Self- directed
37. Miss Santos grouped her class into small group of 3 to 4 members each. Each group was given time to discuss the problems. Reporters from each group presented the solutions to the given problems to the whole class. This technique is called
a. Buzz session
b. Fish Bowl Technique
c. Forum
d. Simulation
38. What method is used when a teacher provides various exercises with increasing difficulty to her class and the students are very receptive?
a. story grammar, structural
b. diagnostic perspective
c. multi- level
d. dimensional
39. An experienced teacher of the school is requested to assist and help the inexperienced teachers. This strategy is called ____________
a. peer teaching
b. pair teaching
c. peer coaching
d. team teaching
40. Logically, both review and practice are necessary to reinforce retention of what has been learned. The latter is most useful in the
a. changing of attitudes
b. understanding of vague concepts
c. comparisons of concepts learned
d. mastery skills
41. You will be assigned to another school after the second grading period. You will:
a. leave important completed school records to the principal
b. report at once to the principal at the said school
c. ask your co- teacher next to your room to complete your records
d. ask the principal to complete all your records
42. A new co- teacher of yours comes terribly ill and could not teach her class. The principal is not in the school as he is attending a whole day meeting in another district. You will
a. tell her to go home and dismiss her class
b. combine her class to your class
c. refer the matter to the teacher in charge of the school whenever the principal is out
d. ask the assistant principal to teach her class
43. You were required eight hours to work although your official time is only six hours.
a. leave the school when the principal is not watching
b. entertain the principal in her office
c. gossip with your close friends
d. find something useful to do within the school building to complete the required eight hours
44. The barangay chairman needs you to lecture to the barrio youths but you have a class.
a. tell him you cannot make it
b. tell him to look after your class so that you can do what he is requesting
c. bring your class to the Barrio Hall
d. refer matter to your principal for appropriate action
45. This is conflict of procedures to follow and responsibilities and functions as regards the issuance of records in your school. Which of the following will you suggest immediately?
a. a workflow chart
b. organizational chart
c. action office
d. grievance/complaint office
01. d
02. d
03. c
04. c
05. a
06. d. A, B, C, and D
07. a. A, B and D
08. c
09. c
10. d
11. b
12. b
13. a
14. c
15. d
16. b
17. a
18. b
19. c
20. c
21. b
22. c
23. b
24. c
25. d
26. a
27. b
28. a
29. d
30. a
31. c
32. c
33. a
34. b
35. b
36. c
37. a
38. c
39. d
40. d
41. a
42. c
43. d
44. d
45. d
