Lesson 7Good Production Practice #7

Educate all animal caretakers on proper administration techniques, needle-use procedures, observance of withdrawal times and methods to avoid marketing adulterated products for human food.

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Objectives

• This lesson will help you:– Name and describe the three most common ways to administer

medications in pork production– Understand how to prevent broken needles

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Educate Animal Caretakers

• Everyone involved in treating animals should use proper techniques for administrating medication

• Producers should have an education plan for animal caretakers

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Educate Animal Caretakers

• Administer medication properly– Use proper injection

techniques

• Identify treated animals• Discuss daily actions• Know where information

can be found

• Identify withdrawal times• Follow label instructions• Keep treatment records• Use needles properly• Follow veterinarian

directions

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Medication Administration

• Typical routes of medication delivery include:

– By injection

– Oral

– Topical

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Medication Administration

• By injection– Individual treatment– Practical way of medicating pigs

that are too sick to eat or drink– Alternative route used when

medication is not well absorbed from the gut

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Medication Administration

• Oral– Works well for treating

groups– Feed – Water– Individual dosing

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Medication Administration

• Topical– Sprays– Dusts– Pour-ons

– Dips

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Injection Methods• Five Methods of Giving Injectable Medications

– In the muscle (Intramuscular - IM)

– Under the skin (Subcutaneous – SQ)

– In the nasal passages (Intranasal – IN)

– In the abdominal cavity (Intraperitoneal – IP)

– In the vein (Intravenous – IV)

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Injection Methods

• In the Muscle (IM)– Use area on neck behind and

below ear– DO NOT inject in the ham or

loin (with a needle)– Use proper size and length

needle

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Injection Methods

• Under the skin (SQ)– Inject only into clean, dry areas– Small pigs

Use the loose flaps of skin in the flank or elbow

– Larger pigs Inject in neck behind the ear

– Use proper size and length needle– Slide the needle under the skin away from the

site of skin puncture before depositing the product

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Needle Injection Guide

Production Phase Gauge Length

Intramuscular Injection

Baby Pigs 18 or 20 5/8” or ½”

Nursery 16 or 18 ¾” or 5/8”

Finisher 16 1”

Breeding Stock 14, 15, or 16 1” or 1 ½”

Subcutaneous Injection

Nursery 16 or 18 ½”

Finisher 16 ¾”

Breeding Stock 14 or 16 1”

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Injection Methods

• Other Injection Methods

– In the nasal passages (IN)

– In the abdominal cavity (IP)

– In the vein (IV)

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Needles

• Prevent Broken Needles– Use a straight needle– NEVER straighten a bent needle

• Care for needles properly– Use clean needles – Use sharp needles– Do not use a needle with a burr

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Needles

• Provide needle-use guidelines to all animal caretakers that address:– Using proper animal restraint– Selecting the proper site and technique for injection– Using the proper size and length of needle– Maintaining a clean sharp needle– Retrieving dropped needles– Changing bent needles– Considering the appropriate number of needles– What to do in the case of a broken needle

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Sharps

• Needles, syringes and knife blades (all sharps) must be disposed of properly

• Use rigid, puncture-resistant container

• Container should be clearly labeled as a biohazard waste container

• When full, the container should be securely closed and sealed

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Take Home Message

• Three methods of giving medication:– By injection– Orally– Topically

• Never straighten and re-use a bent needle

• Use the correct size needle for your animal

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Summary

• Educate everyone involved with your swine project• Identify the different types of medication administration • Identify the different types of injections• Recognize and dispose of a damaged needle

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Youth Pork Quality Assurance Plus