Lesson 32

Participles (cont.)

“Verbal Adjectives”

Participle Usage

1. Attributive (# 244) – see Lesson 30• Has article; modifies a noun.• Translate: “the blanking noun;” “the noun which blanks.”

2. Substantive (# 245) – see Lesson 30• Has article; stands in place of understood noun.• Translate: “the blanking one;” “the one who blanks.”

3. Circumstantial (# 254, 256)• No article; makes additional statement.• First attempt: “Blanking/having blanked.”• Expansion: “While/after/because he blanked,” etc.

Participle Usage – cont.4. Genitive absolute (# 265)

• No article (like circumstantial).• Participle and noun (or pronoun) in genitive case.• Disconnected from main clause.• Translation – similar to circumstantial:

First attempt: Participial phrase. Expansion into subordinate clause: While/after/because, etc. Noun agreeing with part. becomes “subject.” (Noun in gen. case

is translated as subject!) Do NOT translate the genitive as “of”!!!!!!!!!

Examples of Genitive Absolute (# 265)

1) tau/ta eivpo,ntwn tw/n maqhtw/n oi` dou/loi h=lqon eivj to.n oi=kon)• eivpo,ntwn agrees with maqhtw/n (no place in

sentence).• “The disciples having said these things, the slaves went into the house.”

• “After the disciples said these things, the slaves went into the house.”• NOT: “Of the disciples saying…” or “Of saying the disciples…”

2) genome,nhj h`me,raj oi` poime,nej avph/lqon)• genome,nhj agrees with h`me,raj (no place in

sentence).• “Day having come, the shepherds departed.”

• “When day had come, the shepherds departed.”

• NOT: “Of day having come” or “Of coming of day…”

Examples of Genitive Absolute (# 265)

3. auvtou/ le,gontoj tau/ta oi` dou/loi avph/lqon)• le,gontoj agrees with auvtou/ (no place in

sentence).• “He saying these things, the slaves departed.” (awkward)• “While he was saying these things, the slaves departed.” (Note: pres.

part. translated past.)• NOT: “Of the disciples saying…” or “Of saying the disciples…”

4. e;ti a`martwlw/n o;ntwn h`mw/n Cristo.j u`pe.r h`mw/n avpe,qanen)• o;ntwn agrees with first h`mw/n (no place in sentence).• “We still being sinners, Christ died for us.” (awkward)• “While we were still sinners, Christ died for us.” (Note:

pres. part. translated past.)• NOT: “Of sinners being us” or “Of us being sinners…”

Circumstantial vs. Genitive Absolute1. Circumstantial – part. agrees with noun/pronoun in sentence.

ei;pontej tau/ta avph/lqon oi` dou/loi) (circumstantial)• ei;pontej agrees with dou/loi (subject).• “Having said these things, the slaves departed.”• “After they said these things, the slaves departed.”

2. Gen. abs. – part. agrees with noun/pronoun having no grammatical connection to main clause.

eivpo,ntwn tw/n maqhtw/n avph/lqon oi` dou/loi) (gen. abs.)• eivpo,ntwn agrees with maqhtw/n (no place in sentence).• “The disciples having said these things, the slaves departed.”• “After the disciples said these things, the slaves departed.”• NOT: “Of the disciples saying…” or “Of saying the

disciples…”