Starter ActivityFold you paper to create a name card.

On each face write the following

• Your name • The football team you support• Your favourite player of all time from your team (why

are they your favourite player)

Unit 2: Physiology of FitnessBy the end of this unit you will

1. Know the body’s response to acute exercise

2. Know the long-term effects of exercise on the body systems

3. Be able to investigate the physiological effects of exercise on the

body systems.

Assessment Criteria

This Week

RecapIn your own words write a definition for each of the following terms (include the components that make up the system)

Musculoskeletal system

Cardiovascular system

Respiratory system

3 minutes

Musculoskeletal systemThe musculoskeletal system provides our bodies

with shape, protection of our internal organs and the ability to move.

Made up of the • Bones• Muscles• Tendons• Ligaments

Respiratory systemThe respiratory system provides oxygen to the body’s cells while removing carbon dioxide, a waste product

that can be lethal if allowed to accumulate.

Made up of the • Airways• Lungs• Muscles of respiration (diaphragm and

intercostal muscles)

Cardiovascular systemThe cardiovascular system transports oxygen,

nutrients, hormones, and cellular waste products throughout the body.

It is made up of the • Heart• blood vessels• approximately 5 litres of blood

Learning Outcomes

By the end of this lesson you will be able to

• Describe how 3 different systems respond to acute exercise

• Describe the three different energy systems and how they

respond to acute exercise

• Explain how the body responds to acute exercise

Acute exercise = 1 training session

Group Task

Each group will be given a specific system to research.

You need to create a poster that describes/explains the key points regarding how your system responds to

acute exercise.

You have 20 minutes

Gather all the information you need to create your poster

Covers P1, P2

and M1

Video taskWhile watching the following video take notes to help you

create your poster.

Poster

You now have 10 minutes to create your poster

Presentation

Each group will now present their poster.

Make sure you take notes throughout as you need this

information for P1, P2 and M1.

Mobile Phone Break

You now have 5 minutes to use your mobile phones.

Who can tell me which footballer was born in Camos on this day?

5 minutes

Energy Systems

This is produced by chemical breakdown of ATP

ATP ADP + P

Muscle contraction

Requires energy

Energy Systems cont…There is a limited supply of ATP in muscle cells

(it’s usually used up after 3 – 5 seconds of exercise)

Note: ATP: Adenosine triphosphate ADP: Adenosine diphosphate

P: Phosphate

For exercise to continue, ATP has to be re-generated from ADP using energy obtained from other sources.

ADP + P ATP

There are 3 sources (energy systems) that the body can use:

1.ATP/ PC or CP System

2. Lactic Acid System

3. Aerobic System

Anaerobic Pathway

Aerobic Pathway

Types of Energy Systems

CP – Stored in Muscles

Combines with ADP to re-build ATP

Immediate source of energy

Limited source – lasts up to 10/15 seconds

Very important for bursts of explosive speed

Replenishing stores of CP takes up to 6 minutes of recovery after end of exercise

ADP + CP = ATP + C

Phosphocreatine System

CP: Creatine Phosphate

C - Creatine

Lactic Acid SystemWhen glycogen breaks down it releases pyruvic acid and energy.

This energy is used to re-build ATP from ADP and P

This system is anaerobic – no O2

Pyruvic acid is easily removed when O2 is available

Where there is little O2 it is changed into lactic acid

Muscles fail to contract fully – fatigue

Energy from this source lasts longer – up to three minutes before build up of lactic acid prevents further energy production

ADP + glycogen = ATP + Pyruvic acid (or pyruvic acid without O2)

For longer events – muscles must work aerobically. O2 present

This system can take the pyruvic acid produced when glycogen breaks down and turns it into more energy rather than lactic acid

Supplies energy to athletes who are working sub-maximally at 60 – 80% of maximum effort and can take in a constant supply of O2

This system provides most of the energy required for physical activity lasting longer than about 3 minutes – long distance activity – runners/ cyclists – Games Players

ADP + Glycogen = ATP + Pyruvic acid

Aerobic System

The importance of each source of energy for physical activity depends on:

1. Type of physical activity.2. Intensity of physical activity.3. Duration of physical activity.

In many aspects of physical activity the 3 energy systems work together at different times to supply the particular type of energy needed.

Characteristics of the 3 Energy Systems

All three energy systems contribute at the start of exercise but the contribution depends upon the individual, the effort applied or on the rate at which energy is used.

The following graph shows how the energy systems contribute to the manufacture of ATP over time when exercising at 100% effort.

The thresholds (T) indicate the point at which the energy system is exhausted - training will improve the thresholds times.

Energy Continuum

Energy System

Aerobic/ Anaerobic

Fuel/ Energy Source

By-product Exercise intensity Duration Sporting

Examples NOTES

ATP/ PC ATP/ PC Creatine

High (Flat Out)

Small muscular stores of ATP and PC are exhausted quickly leading to a rapid decline in immediate energy.

Lactic Acid

GlycogenGlucose

Pyruvic Acid/ Lactic Acid

High Intensity

Lactic acid is a by-product and can cause rapid fatigue.

AerobicFat/ glucose mixture

Water/ CO2 LowThis system is limited by availability of O2

Complete the table

Energy System

Aerobic/ Anaerobic

Fuel/ Energy Source

By-product Exercise intensity Duration Sporting

Examples NOTES

ATP/ PC Anaerobic ATP/ PC Creatine

High (Flat Out)

10 – 15 Seconds

Sprinting, athletic field events, weight-lifting.

Small muscular stores of ATP and PC are exhausted quickly leading to a rapid decline in immediate energy.

Lactic Acid Anaerobic Glycogen

Glucose

Pyruvic Acid/ Lactic Acid

High Intensity

Up to 3 minutes

400m800mRacket sports.

Lactic acid is a by-product and can cause rapid fatigue.

Aerobic AerobicFat/ glucose mixture

Water/ CO2 Low3 minutes onwards

Long distance running/ cycling.

This system is limited by availability of O2

Characteristics of the 3 Energy Systems

TaskScenario: You are about to take part in a football match.

Task: Describe how much each energy system would contribute to the overall supply of energy you would need throughout the session. Provide examples of when each system would be used.

Peer assessmentSwap your description with the person next to you.

Read through and assess their work based on the following criteria

• Mentioned all 3 energy systems (2pts)

• Has identified the correct contribution of each system (1pts for each system)

• Has provided relevant examples for each system (2pts for each system)

Maximum score of 11pts

Review

On a fresh piece of paper write down two sentence that summarises what you have learnt today.

Write down one question that you have about what you have learnt today.

Musculoskeletal response

The musculoskeletal systems responds to acute exercise by

• Increasing

blood supply

Muscle pliability

Range of movement

• Micro tears forming in muscle fibres.

Describe what each is and explain why the body responds in this way

Cardiovascular response

The cardiovascular systems response to acute exercise includes

• Heart rate anticipatory response

• Activity response

• Increased blood pressure

• Vasoconstriction

• Vasodilation

Describe what each is and explain why the body responds in this way

Respiratory response

The respiratory system responds to acute exercise by

• Increasing

Breathing rate

(neural and chemical

control)

Tidal volume

Describe what each is and explain why the body responds in this way

Energy systems

The body has a number of energy systems that are responsible

for providing energy during exercise. Describe each of the

following.

• Phosphocreatine

• Lactic acid

• Aerobic

Energy System

Aerobic/ Anaerobic

Fuel/ Energy Source

By-product Exercise intensity Duration Sporting

Examples NOTES

ATP/ PC ATP/ PC CreatineHigh (Flat Out)

Small muscular stores of ATP and PC are exhausted quickly leading to a rapid decline in immediate energy.

Lactic Acid

GlycogenGlucose

Pyruvic Acid/ Lactic Acid

High Intensity

Lactic acid is a by-product and can cause rapid fatigue.

AerobicFat/ glucose mixture

Water/ CO2 LowThis system is limited by availability of O2