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bash-2.05$ man passwdPASSWD(1) USER COMMANDS PASSWD(1)NAME chfn, chsh, passwd - change password file informationSYNOPSIS passwd [ -d ] [ -o ] [ name ]

chsh [ -s shell ] [ name ]

chsh [ options ] [ name ] [ shell ]DESCRIPTION This program can change either the user's password, the login shell, or finger information, depending on how it is invoked.

When run as passwd, the program will ask for the user's current password and the for the new one. The new password must be typed twice to forestall mistakes. The super-user is not prompted for the old password.

New passwords should certainly not be in the dictionary, and and be at least 5-9 characters, depending on the quality of the password. Using both upper and lower case, digits, and punctuation can improve password quality. Up to 16 charac- ters are significant, although longer passwords are accepted. Password encourages you to follow these rules, but will relent if you are insistent enough. Passwd recog- nizes the following options.

-d Delete the password. Only the super-user may use this option.

-o Use the old style password algorithm for the new pass-

word. By default, the new algorithm (kg_pwhash(3)) is used.

When run as chsh, the shell should be supplied as the param- eter to the command. If no shell is specified, chsh will prompt the user for the shell. Normal users are restricted to only those shells supplied in /etc/shells, If this file doesn't exist, only /bin/sh and /bin/csh are allowed. Users that don't have a shell in this list may not change their shell. Chsh recognizes the following options.

-s shell An alternate method of specifying the shell.

When changing finger information, chfn will normally prompt

for each field (as interpreted by finger(1)), and input new values. These fields include the ``real life'' name, loca- tion, work phone number, and home phone number. Pressing return accepts the current value, while entering ``none''Sun Release 4.1 Last change: August 19, 1994 1PASSWD(1) USER COMMANDS PASSWD(1)

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causes the field to be deleted. Below is a sample run:

Use to keep, or "none" to delete.

Name [Biff Studsworth II]: Location []: 521E Work Phone []: 1963 Home Phone [5771546]: none Full name changed.

It is a good idea to run finger afterwards to be sure the desired output appears. The following options can be used to suppress the interactive dialog of chfn.

-f fullname allows the fullname to be specified on the command line.

-r room allows the location to be specified on the command line.

-w workphone allows the work phonenumber to be specified on the com-

mand line.-h homephone

allows the home phonenumber to be specified on the com- mand line.

-o other allows the ``other'' information to be specified on the command line. Ony the super-user may change the ``other'' information in the gecos field.

Only the super-user may change anyone's password, shell, or finger information.

FILES /etc/passwd The list of user accounts /etc/shadow The file containing the encrypted password /etc/shells The list of approved shells /usr/dict/words List of ``obvious'' words Robert Morris and Ken Thompson, Unix password securitySEE ALSO login(1), finger(1), crypt(3), kg_pwhash(3), passwd(5);BUGS Passwd doesn't know about the many security aspects of the

shadow password system.Sun Release 4.1 Last change: August 19, 1994 2PASSWD(1) USER COMMANDS PASSWD(1)AUTHOR Marcus WattsSun Release 4.1 Last change: August 19, 1994 3

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==============================================bash-2.05$ man 1 loginLOGIN(1) USER COMMANDS LOGIN(1)NAME login - Begin session on the systemSYNOPSIS login [ username [ environmental-variables ] ]DESCRIPTION login is used to establish a new session with the system. It is normally invoked automatically by responding to the login: prompt on the user's terminal. login may be special to the shell and may not be invoked as a sub-process. Typi- cally, login is treated by the shell as exec login which causes the user to exit from the current shell. Attempting to execute login from any shell but the login shell will produce an error message.

When invoked from the login: prompt, the user may enter environmental variables after the username. These variables are entered in the form NAME=VALUE. Not all variables may

be set in the fashion, notably PATH, HOME and SHELL. Addi- tionally, IFS may be inhibited if the user's login shell is /bin/sh.

The user is then prompted for a password, where appropriate. Echoing is disabled to prevent revealing the password. Only a small number of password failures are permitted before login exits and the communications link is severed.

If password aging has been enabled for your account, you may be prompted for a new password before proceeding. You will be forced to provide your old password and the new password before continuing. Please refer to passwd(1) for more

information.After a successful login, you will be informed of any system

messages and the presence of mail. You may turn off the printing of the system message file, /etc/motd, by creating a zero-length file .hushlogin in your login directory. The mail message will be one of "You have new mail.", "You have mail.", or "No Mail." according to the condition of your mailbox.

Your user and group ID will be set according to their values in the /etc/passwd file. The value for $HOME, $SHELL, $PATH, $LOGNAME, and $MAIL are set according to the

appropriate fields in the password entry. Ulimit, umask and nice values may also be set according to entries in the GECOS field.

On some installations, the environmental variable $TERM will be initialize to the terminal type on your tty line, as specified in /etc/ttytype.Sun Release 4.1 Last change: 1

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LOGIN(1) USER COMMANDS LOGIN(1)

An initialization script for your command interpreter may also be executed. Please see the appropriate manual section for more information on this function.CAVEATS This version of login has many compilation options, only some of which may be in use at any particular site.Files /etc/utmp - list of current login sessions /etc/wtmp - list of previous login sessions /etc/passwd - user account information /etc/shadow - encrypted passwords and age information /etc/motd - system message file /etc/ttytype - list of terminal types $HOME/.profile - initialization script for default shell $HOME/.hushlogin - suppress printing of system messagesSee Also getty(1M), mail(1), passwd(1), sh(1), su(1), d_passwd(4), passwd(4)

Sun Release 4.1 Last change: 2==============================================bash-2.05$ man -k passchage (1) - change user password expirate informationchfn, chsh, passwd (1) - change password file informationchpasswd (8) - update password file in batchconflict (8) - search for alias/password conflictsdpasswd (8) - change dialup passwordgenpass (1) - generate random passwordskg_pwhash (3) - authentication password hash functionkg_read_pw_string (3) - read a passwordkg_string_to_key (3) - password string to key functionmkpasswd (1) - Update passwd and group database files

passwd (4) - The password filepwadm (1) - password file administration programpwauth (3) - administrator defined password authentication routinepwauth (8) - administrator defined password authenticationpwck (1) - verify integrity of password filespwconv (8) - convert and update shadow password filespwunconv (8) - restore old password file from shadow password fileshadow (3) - encrypted password file routinesshadow (4) - encrypted password filecrypt, _crypt, setkey, encrypt (3) - password and data encryptiongetpass (3V) - read a passwordgetpwaent, getpwanam, setpwaent, endpwaent, fgetpwaent (3) - get password adjuct file entry

getpwent, getpwuid, getpwnam, setpwent, endpwent, setpwfile, fgetpwent (3V) - gt password file entrypasswd (5) - password filepasswd, chfn, chsh (1) - change local or NIS password informationpasswd.adjunct (5) - user security data fileputpwent (3) - write password file entrypwck (8V) - check password database entriespwdauth, grpauth (3) - password authentication routinespwdauthd (8C) - server for authenticating passwordsrfpasswd (8) - change RFS host password

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vipw (8) - edit the password filexcrypt, xencrypt, xdecrypt, passwd2des (3R) - hex encryption and utility routinsyppasswd (1) - change your network password in the NIS databaseyppasswd (3R) - update user password in NISyppasswd (5) - NIS password fileyppasswdd, rpc.yppasswdd (8C) - server for modifying NIS password filebash-2.05$ whatis passwdchfn, chsh, passwd (1) - change password file informationpasswd (4) - The password filepasswd (5) - password filepasswd, chfn, chsh (1) - change local or NIS password information==============================================bash-2.05$ whatis passwdchfn, chsh, passwd (1) - change password file informationpasswd (4) - The password filepasswd (5) - password filepasswd, chfn, chsh (1) - change local or NIS password information