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leptospirosis

leptospirosis doang

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Page 1: leptospirosis doang

leptospirosis

Page 2: leptospirosis doang

Definisi

• Leptospirosis adalah penyakit zoonotic yang disebabkan oleh infeksi ,dari bakteri yang membentuk spiral dari genus leptospira yang patogen, menyerang hewan dan manusia

• Disebut juga “rat-urine-fever”• Primary host; rats, mice, and others rodents• Secondary host:dogs,deer,rabbits,cattle,

buffaloes, sheep,, and pig

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• Pada tahun 1885 adolf well mencatat dan menemukan bahwa penyakit leptospirosis disertai ddengan gejala klinis seperti splenomegali, jaundice, nefritis, dengan berjalannya waktu penyakit ini dikenal dengan nama “weil’s disease

• Transmisi ke manusia terjadi melalui skin contact dengan tanah yang terinfeksi urin binatang yang terinfeksi,mengkonsumsi air & makanan yang terkontaminasi

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Etiologic agentGenus leptospira ordo spirochetales, family

leptospiraceae.

• Spesies ini terbagi 20 spesies– 9 spesies patogen– 5 spesies patogen intermediat– 6 spesies non-patogen

Klasifikasi spesies didasari oleh tes agglutinasi, untuk melihat “antisera spesifik” yg infeksius terhadap manusia dan hewan

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Patogenesis

• Leptospira menginvasi mukosa (konjungtiva, oral, tonsil) maserasi, puncure,dan abrasi kulit

• Tubuh mengaktifkan komplemen• Proliferasi secara hematogen ke seluruh tubuh

dan organ• Masa inkubasi rata-rata 5-14 hari (2-30 hari)• 3-10 Hri os menunjukan gejala,dan leptospira

masih bisa diisolasi melalui darah

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Diagnostic test methods

• Suspect case– Acute febrile illness (> 38,5°C) and/or severe

headche with• Myalgia• Prostration and/or• Conjunctival suffusion, AND• History of exposure to leptospira- contaminated

environment

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Probable (at primary health care level)

Suspect case with any two of the following; • Calf tenderness• Cough with or without hemoptysis• Jaundice• Haemorrhagic manifestations• Meningeal irritation• Anuria/ oliguria and/ or proteinuria• Breathlessness• Cardiac arrhythmias• Skin rashes

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Probable (at secondary and tertiary health care levels)

Based on availability of laboratory facilities a probable case of leptospirosis is a suspect case with a positive rapid IgMp test

AND / ORAny three of the following1. Urinary findings : proteinuria, pus cells, blood2. Relative neutrophilia (>80%) with lymphopenia3. Platelets < 100.000 / cu mm4. Elevated serum bilirubin >2 mg%; liver enzymes

moderately raised (serum alkaline phospatase, S amylase, CPK)

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Confirmed• A confirmed case of leptospirosis is a suspect or

probable case with any one of the following;– Isolation of leptospirosis from clinical specimens– Positive PCR result– Sero-conversion from a negative to positive or four-fold

rise in titre by MAT– Titre by MAT of 400 and greater in a single sample

• Where laboratory capacity not well established;positive by two different rapid diagnostic tests could be considered as laboratory confirmed case.

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