Sustainability Committee AUA Conference 2015

Paul Tankel AIA LEED AP BD+C

LEED v4 ReVise

LEED v4 ReVise Improved Environmental Outcomes • Reverse Contribution to Global Climate Change

• Enhance Individual Human Health and Well-Being

• Protect and Restore Water Resources

• Protect, Enhance, and Restore Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services

• Promote Sustainable and Regenerative Material Resources Cycles

• Build a Greener Economy

• Enhance Social Equity, Environmental Justice, and Community Quality of Life

Key Milestones • Sunset date for LEED 2009: October 31, 2016

• LEED v4: NOW

LEED v4 ReVise WHAT’S CHANGED

• Added new credit category

• Addresses 21 market sectors

• Includes International requirements

• Focused on performance

WHAT HASN’T CHANGED

• 100 point based system

• Regional priority credits

• Pilot Credits

• LEED AP credential

5

LEED v4 ReVise

New LEED Credit: Integrative Practice

Understand the interrelationships

between systems – energy & water

Support high-performance, cost-

effective project outcomes through

good communication and early

analysis of these systems

• Force development of the Owner

Project Requirements (OPR) and

Basis of Design (BOD)documents

early in the project and improve the

team’s alignment and coordination

moving forward

BUILDER DESIGN

TEAM

CLIENT

Client

Code Consultant

Structural Engineers

Landscape Architect

Building Users

Consultant Specialty Consultant

Architect

Civil Engineer

M/E/P Engineer

Constructor

Cost Estimators

Subcontractors

Product Manufacturers

Building Manager

Occupant

Public

Energy Modeler

Stakeholder Group

LEED v4 for BD+C: New Construction and Major Renovation

Project Checklist

Y ? N

Credit 1

0 0 0 16 0 0 0 13Credit 16 Y Prereq Required

Credit 1 Y Prereq Required

Credit 2 Credit 5

Credit 5 Credit 2

Credit 5 Credit 2

Credit 1 Credit Building Product Disclosure and Optimization - Material Ingredients 2

Credit 1 Credit 2

Credit Green Vehicles 1

0 0 0 Indoor Environmental Quality 16

0 0 0 10 Y Prereq Required

Y Prereq Required Y Prereq Required

Credit 1 Credit 2

Credit 2 Credit 3

Credit 1 Credit Construction Indoor Air Quality Management Plan 1

Credit 3 Credit 2

Credit 2 Credit 1

Credit 1 Credit 2

Credit 3

0 0 0 11 Credit 1

Y Prereq Required Credit 1

Y Prereq Required

Y Prereq Building-Level Water Metering Required 0 0 0 Innovation 6Credit 2 Credit 5

Credit 6 Credit 1

Credit 2

Credit Water Metering 1 0 0 0 Regional Priority 4Credit Regional Priority: Specific Credit 1

0 0 0 33 Credit Regional Priority: Specific Credit 1

Y Prereq Required Credit Regional Priority: Specific Credit 1

Y Prereq Required Credit Regional Priority: Specific Credit 1

Y Prereq Required

Y Prereq Required 0 0 0 TOTALS Possible Points: 110Credit 6

Credit 18

Credit 1

Credit 2

Credit 3

Credit 1

Credit 2

Site Development - Protect or Restore Habitat

Building Product Disclosure and Optimization - Sourcing of Raw Materials

Project Name:

Date:

Location and Transportation

Sensitive Land Protection

LEED for Neighborhood Development Location

Bicycle Facilities

Construction and Demolition Waste Management Planning

Materials and Resources

Storage and Collection of Recyclables

Construction and Demolition Waste Management

Minimum Indoor Air Quality Performance

Building Product Disclosure and Optimization - Environmental Product

Declarations

Integrative Process

Construction Activity Pollution Prevention

High Priority Site

Surrounding Density and Diverse Uses

Sustainable Sites

Building Life-Cycle Impact Reduction

Green Power and Carbon Offsets

Heat Island Reduction

Outdoor Water Use Reduction

Indoor Water Use Reduction

Outdoor Water Use Reduction

Indoor Water Use Reduction

Enhanced Commissioning

Building-Level Energy Metering

Water Efficiency

Fundamental Commissioning and Verification

Demand Response

Renewable Energy Production

Enhanced Refrigerant Management

Optimize Energy Performance

Advanced Energy Metering

Certified: 40 to 49 points, Silver: 50 to 59 points, Gold: 60 to 79 points, Platinum: 80 to 110

Access to Quality Transit

Reduced Parking Footprint

Open Space

Site Assessment

Interior Lighting

Daylight

LEED Accredited Professional

Innovation

Rainwater Management

Light Pollution Reduction

Environmental Tobacco Smoke Control

Energy and Atmosphere

Minimum Energy Performance

Fundamental Refrigerant Management

Cooling Tower Water Use

Acoustic Performance

Quality Views

Enhanced Indoor Air Quality Strategies

Low-Emitting Materials

Indoor Air Quality Assessment

Thermal Comfort

• Site conditions

• Massing and orientation

• Basic envelope attributes

• Lighting levels

• Thermal comfort ranges

• Plug and process load needs

• Programmatic and operational parameters

Energy - Discovery

Perform a preliminary “simple box” energy modeling analysis before the completion of schematic design

Assess at least two potential strategies associated with each of the following:

LEED v4 ReVise

Integrative Practice

Energy - Implementation

Document how the analysis informed design and building form:

• Building and site program

• Building form and geometry

• Building envelope and facade treatments on different orientations

• Elimination and/or significant downsizing of building systems

• Other systems

Water Systems - Discovery

Perform a preliminary water budget analysis before the completion of schematic design

Explore reduction of potable water loads

Include:

• Indoor water demand.

• Outdoor water demand.

• Process water demand.

• Supply sources.

Water Systems - Implementation Document how the analysis informed building and site design decisions Demonstrate how you reduced the burden on municipal supply or treatment Demonstrate how the analysis informed the design of the project:

• plumbing systems

• sewage treatment systems or conveyance

• rainwater quantity and quality

• landscaping, irrigation, and site elements

• roofing systems and/or building form

• other systems

LEED v4 ReVise

Integrative Practice

Highlights: • Adds a new credit for Neighborhood Development Location and encourages

selection of a LEED ND certified • Sensitive Land Protection renamed from Site Selection • High Priority Site incorporates Brownfield Remediation • Surrounding Density and Diverse Uses renamed from Development

Density and community Connectivity • Access to Quality Transit renamed from Alternative

Transportation – Public Transportation Access • Bicycle Facilities renamed from Alternative Transportation

– Bike Storage and Changing Rooms • Reduced Parking Footprint renamed from Alterative Transportation – Parking

Capacity • Green Vehicles renamed from Alternative Transportation – Low Emitting and Fuel

Efficient Vehicles

LEED v4 ReVise

New LEED Category: Location and Transportation

Designate 5% of all parking spaces used by the project as preferred parking for green vehicles In addition to preferred parking for green vehicles, meet one of the following two options for alternative-fuel fueling stations: Option 1. Electric vehicle charging

Install electrical vehicle supply equipment(EVSE) in 2% of all parking spaces used by the project OR

Option 2. Liquid, gas, or battery facilities Install liquid or gas alternative fuel fueling facilities or a battery switching station capable of refueling a number of vehicles per day equal to at least 2% of all parking spaces

LEED v4 ReVise

Changes to the Green Vehicles Credit

Highlights:

• Credit renamed from Water Use Reduction

• New prerequisite requiring reduction in landscape water use by 30%

• Added cooling tower requirements from ASHRAE 189

• Building-level water metering is required, as in LEED 2009, but stated within the prerequisite

LEED v4 ReVise

Updates to LEED Water Efficiency

Highlights:

• Minimum Energy Performance: 5% above ASHRAE 90.1-2010; minimum ENERGY STAR score now 75

• Building Level Energy Metering required for all projects, as in LEED 2009, but it is now stated within the prerequisite

• New credit for Advanced Energy Metering

• Prerequisite Performance Requirements (over ASHRAE 90.1 2010)

• New credit for Demand Response – 10% Load-shed requirement + required commissioning

• Other options from Advanced Building Design Guide

• Building Enclosure Commissioning is highly specialized

• Green Power Contract term jumped from 2 years to 5 years

LEED v4 ReVise

Updates to LEED Energy and Atmosphere

LEED v4 ReVise

Highlights: • Added prerequisite requirement to

address batteries, mercury-containing lamps and electronic waste

• Added prerequisite requirement to provide collection and storage for top four waste streams

• New prerequisite for reporting Construction Waste Diversion Rates

• Changed credit to Building Life Cycle Impact Reduction by combining previous credits by addressing whole building life-cycle assessment

LEED v4 ReVise

Updates to LEED

Materials and Resources

ECOTOXICITY

HUMAN TOXICITY

ABIOTIC DEPLETION

EMBODIED ENERGY

ACIDIFICATION POTENTIAL

EUTROPHICATION POTENTIAL

GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL

OZONE LAYER DEPLETION POTENTIAL

PHOTOCHEMICAL OZONE CREATION POTENTIAL

New Credits: Building Product Disclosure and Optimization – Environmental Product Declaration (EPD), Health Product Declaration (HPD), and Sourcing and Raw Material Credits: Seek transparency, environmental practices and local product criteria

LEED v4 ReVise

Updates to LEED Materials and Resources

Product Contents And Disclosure Levels

VOC Emissions Laboratory Testing

VOC Content For wet-applied products

Hazard Screening

VOC Certifications

HPD

Energy Use

Water Use

Materials Use

Emissions

Life Cycle Analysis e.g. embodied carbon, fossil fuels depletion,

materials depletion, acid rain emissions

Environmental Product Declaration

Paul M. Leef, AIA, LEED AP on behalf of Hayes Zirnhelt, M.A.Sc, RMI

The Role of Universities in Creating a Sustainable Future Rocky Mountain Institute

GUIDING PRINCIPLES

Systems Thinking

Leverage one solution to create many more

Market-Oriented Solutions

Transform obstacles into business oriented solutions

End-Use/Least-Cost Approach

People don’t want kilowatts of electricity or barrels of oil,

they want lighting, heating, refrigeration, mobility.

ROCKY MOUNTAIN INSTITUTE & CARBON WAR

ROOM

• Entrepreneurial non-profit

• Specialize in innovative design solutions

OIL

REINVENTING FIRE: U.S.

TODAY

2050

35% 26% 22% 9% 5% 3% 1%

NATURAL GAS COAL NUCLEAR BIOMASS HYDRO OTHER

RENEWABLES

HYDRO

23%

HYDROGEN NON-CROPLAND

BIOFUELS NATURAL GAS

WIND, SOLAR, AND

OTHER RENEWABLES

26% 4% 4%

45%

Reinventing Fire US Analysis:

MOTIVATION

Why this is important? Climate Change Profit and jobs National Security Health

College and universities… • prioritize research and learning, and are therefore an ideal proving

ground for innovative approaches;

• are self-contained communities that can define pathways for

working with key stakeholders;

• are educating future leaders, providing a powerful vehicle for

changing social norms;

• have commitments to reduce green house gasses and energy use;

• account for 5% of U.S. commercial building sector emissions.

UNIVERSITIES ARE A PRIME TARGET FOR CARBON

REDUCTION PROGRAMS “When society doesn’t know how to do something,

universities are where you go to solve those problems.”

Dr. George Basile, ASU Senior Sustainability Scientist

ASU – Implementation Plan for 2025 Climate Neutrality

UBC-Okanagan – Whole Systems Roadmap

CU Boulder – Deep retrofit projects, led by ESCO

Innovator Working Group – Facilitating collaboration

between leading universities

Accelerating Campus Climate Initiatives – RMI Guidebook

Best Practice Guides – (Coming soon)

RMI’S PROJECTS FOR UNIVERSITY CAMPUSES

Carbon

Neutral

by 2025

ASU ENERGY USE FORECAST

ASU will spend roughly $570 million in total energy costs by 2025

INTEGRATIVE DESIGN “RIGHT STEPS IN THE RIGHT

ORDER”

(1) Set Quantifiable Goals

(2) Define End-User Needs

(3) Understand Existing Conditions

(4) Reduce Loads

(5) Select Appropriate & Efficient Technology

(6) Find Synergies

(7) Optimize Controls

(8) Incorporate Renewables

(9) Realize the Intended Design

#1: PURSUE THE RIGHT STEPS IN THE

RIGHT ORDER

Most people start

here!

Then go here

Design and Analysis Process - What do we do to achieve our goal?

1. Understanding the baseline

2. Assessing the opportunity

3. Relevant design principles

- Reduce loads first / ‘start downstream’

- Tunneling through the cost barrier

- Right timing

- Leveraging scale to find innovative opportunities Implementation - How do we actually do it?

1. Deep retrofit over time concept

2. Action oriented portfolio approach

3. Leveraging scale for implementation

4. Collaboration

Financing Structures - How do we pay for it?

WHOLE SYSTEMS APPROACH FOR CAMPUSES

Metrics: useful for further understanding baseline:

- EUI – Energy Use Intensity (kBTU/ft2 or kWh/m2):

building level and campus level

- Central Plant Efficiency or COP (Coefficient of

Performance)

COP = Energy Output / Unit Input Efficiency

1. UNDERSTANDING THE BASELINE: METRICS &

DEFINITIONS

3. DESIGN PRINCIPLES: REDUCE LOADS

FIRST Aka “start downstream”

69% less pumping power, lower capital cost

28

3. DESIGN PRINCIPLES: TUNNELING THROUGH THE

COST BARRIER

Avoided

Chiller

Plant

Retrofit

$4M

$2.7M

$5.6M

$2.4M

$8.7M

Minus

$17M

$4.4M

Annual Energy

Savings

Windows Radiative

Barrier

DDC

Controls

VAV

AHUs

Lighting

& Plugs

FINDING SYNERGIES

1. Planned capital improvement

2. Major system replacement

3. Major envelope project

4. Code upgrades

5. New owner / refinancing

6. New use / occupancy type

7. Building greening

8. Large utility incentives

9. Mitigating an “energy hog”

3. DESIGN PRINCIPLES: RIGHT TIMING

3. DESIGN PRINCIPLES: LEVERAGE SCALE

If a problem can’t

be solved,

enlarge it. —attributed to Dwight Eisenhower

What opportunities are there for streamlining / reducing

cost of campus wide measure implementation?

• Refinement in implementation

• Bulk Purchasing

UC Riverside – internal campus wide LED

retrofit team

IMPLEMENTATION: LEVERAGING SCALE

Source: glo4led.com

What internal processes are needed to refine

implementation and ensure success?

- Measurement and verification – beyond energy

cost savings: capital cost, other values

Working groups:

- e.g. Innovators Working Group - created based on

a need for collaboration to overcome

common challenges faced

IMPLEMENTATION: COLLABORATION AND

CONTINUED LEARNING

University Key Target Emissions (Scope 1&2)

Leading in…..

Arizona State

University

Carbon Neutral by

2025

192,452 On-Site Solar PV

(~25 MW)

Harvard University Reduce GHG 30% by

2016

232,271 Building Efficiency

University of

British Columbia

Reduce GHG 67% by

2020

52,350 33% GHG

Reduction

University of

California, Davis

Achieve 1990 GHG

levels by 2020

206,409* Zero net energy

community

University of

Texas, Austin

Reduce EUI 20% by

2020

214,843 Multi-MW Microgrid

THE INNOVATOR WORKING GROUP PARTICIPANTS

*Includes Scope 3 emissions.

“Leaders cannot always figure it all out on their own.”

ESCO (Energy Service Company)

• ESCO paid through energy savings (verified through M&V)

Green Revolving Fund

• An internal fund is set up to finance energy projects, savings repay

capital costs and fund future projects

Living Lab Approach

• Integrate energy projects with academic research to leverage research

funding

FINANCING

Source: http://greenbillion.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/GRF_Implementation_Guide.pdf

CONCLUSION

GHG Emissions

Reduction

ASU Carbon Neutrality Plan (RMI Analysis)

NET PRESENT COST ANALYSIS: CARBON NEUTRALITY AT SAME COST

Climate Neutrality Scenarios

SUPPLY SIDE OPTIMAL MIX OF

SUPPLY AND

DEMAND SIDE

“BUSINESS AS

USUAL”

NPV

$

Creating a clean, prosperous,

and secure energy future TM

• GRITS (Green Revolving Investment Tracking System) - http://greenbillion.org/grits/

• Revolving Fund - http://greenbillion.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/GRF_Implementation_Guide.pdf

• Accelerating Campus Climate Initiatives (Guide book by RMI 2009):http://www.rmi.org/Content/Files/RMI_AcceleratingCampusClimateInitiatives.pdf

• RMI’s Basalt Office Contract Structure (Integrative Project Delivery) – coming soon www.rmi.org

• Campus best practice case studies and other resources – coming soon www.rmi.org

RESOURCES

2013 California Energy Code The future of energy policy and regulation

Prepared by Scott Shell, Principal EHDD

California’s Strategies for Savings By 2020: All California new residential construction zero net energy Low-income homes energy efficient By 2030: All California new commercial construction zero net energy Reshape HVAC industry to ensure optimal equipment performance

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baseline

PRESCRIPTIVE vs PERFORMANCE

ARCHITECTURAL IMPACTS

1. ROOFS

2. ENVELOPE

3. AIR TIGHTNESS

4. FENESTRATION

5. DAYLIGHTING

SOLAR READY ROOFS MANDATORY

15% of roof area to be unshaded and ready for photovoltaics or solar thermal

• All non-residential projects ≤ 3 stories

• All residential multi-family including Student Housing ≤ 10 stories

ROOF INSULATION MANDATORY

*Varies by Climate Zone

ROOF TYPE MANDATORY R-Value

PRESCRIPTIVE R-Value

Metal Building 10.2 15.4

Wood Framed and Others 13.3 13-26*

Therefore in Davis,

R-30 insulation needed to

meet the Baseline Prescriptive requirements

ROOF MATERIAL PRESCRIPTIVE

Limits color selection for low-

sloped roofs to white, off-white, and some other

light colors

2008 2013

ROOF TYPE

Aged Min SRI

Aged Min SRI

Steep-Sloped (>2/12) 16 No change

Low-sloped (≤2/12)

64 75

In general, all metal framed

buildings will require continuous insulation to meet the mandatory 0.105 U-Value.

ENVELOPE INSULATION

Wood Framed Wall

UC Davis Tercero 3 Student Housing

Courtesy ehdd

As Designed U-Value: 0.065 (R-15.4)

2013 Mandatory U-Value: 0.11 (R-9.1)

2013 Prescriptive U-Value: 0.059 (R-16.9)

Case study showed that could still meet code by other means without change to assembly.

R-19 BATT INSULATION

R-19 BATT INSULATION

1.75” RIGID INSULATION

As Designed U-Value: 0.059 (R-16.9)

2013 Mandatory U-Value: 0.105 (9.5)

2013 Prescriptive U-Value: 0.062 (R-16.1)

Exterior insulating needed to meet Mandatory U-Value. Meets 2013 Prescriptive requirements.

Metal Framed Wall

UC Merced Student Services Building

Courtesy of COA

New rainscreen systems reduce thermal bridging and ease detailing and installation of exterior insulation.

AIR TIGHTNESS

Continuous Air Barrier required. “All joints and other openings in the building envelope that are potential sources of air leakage must be caulked, gasketed, weather-stripped, or otherwise sealed to limit air leakage into or out of the building.”

This applies to

• Penetrations

• Gaps between wall panels and around doors

• Ceiling joints, lighting fixtures, windows, etc.

PRESCRIPTIVE

SITE BUILT GLAZING MANDATORY

NFRC certification required for • U-factor

• Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC)

• NEW: Visible Transmittance (VT)

• Applies even to small projects with more than

1,000 SF of fenestration (previously >10,000

SF)

• Component modeling now allowed which

should decrease cost of certification.

DAYLIGHTING PRESCRIPTIVE

Minimum daylight requirements:

Daylight Zone 1: 15’ From 15’ tall continuous strip windows

Daylight Zone 2: 10.5’ from edge of skylight

• 75% of the floor area to be daylit

• For spaces ≥ 5,000 SF directly

under a roof

• Ceiling heights ≥ 15’

• Applies to spaces like gymnasiums

Exclusions for auditoriums, theaters, etc.

Computers, monitors, copiers, printers, projectors were using 50% of the building’s energy

10% of plug loads were computer monitors:

50% of plug loads were Desktop Computers :

REDUCING PLUG LOADS With Computer Power Management

50% of plug loads were Desktop Computers:

http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=power_mgt.pr_power_mgt_low_carbon_join

+$100 Annual Savings

Simple Plug Load reduction Plan 1. Network based Computer Power Management (CPM) 2. Policy for purchasing efficient equipment (set energy budget) (Energy Star’s Most Efficient) 3. Use laptops where feasible (use 75% lower energy)

4. Falling plug loads: 24” monitors went from 65 watts to 28 watts

for best available in 2009. Now down to 15 watts

Sustainability Committee Chair Gerry McGeough