Lecture Notes Toan Ly

7/30/2019 Lecture Notes Toan Ly

1/19

Sa{ Nlz{n Sana Dmnl

SO SS UANL SYNA SMN / D

Wmn sam ik P Fna Bamf


2/19


3/19


4/19


5/19

Ganl 6

N SU GAZK @MZYKJY

6.6. NA NLAF

Gam ` 8 R$ _ Y ba sga syn R$ _. Bak $ gazk ao dnl lkg g cnl

f5

9"

n?6

!fn gmw nq " in wkn nq+

pk fn$ in d gg anl w sag qg na na wfz

fn ?6

`!q+gmw nqcq !n 5+

in ?6

`!q+wkn nqcq !n 6+

lk d gazk @mzykjy gf ao ` syn R$ _. Sf pks

`!q+ f59

"n?6

!fn gmw nq " in wkn nq+

p lk fn$ in d a w @mzykjy gf `.

6.6.6. SYNL AU ` D AO D `!q+ ? `!q+ $ q R$ _Gazk @mzykjy gf ao ` d syn R$ _ d

`!q+ n?6

in wkn nq

pk in qg na na wfz

in ?9

5

`!q+wkn nqcq !n 6+

6.6.9. SYNL AU ` D AO GAN `!q+ ? `!q+ $ q R$ _

Gazk @mzykjy gf ao ` gan syn R$ _ d


6/19

0 Ganl 6. N SU GAZK @MZYKJY

`!q+ f5

9 "

n?6

fn gmw nq

pk fn qg na na wfz

fn ?9

5

`!q+gmw nqcq !n 5+

6.6.7. SO SS SYNL AU SNL VZS

Pk ` 8 RD$ D_ Y

`!q+ f59

"n?6

fn gmw

nq

D" in wkn

nq

D

fn ?

6

D

D

D

`!q+gmwnq

D

cq !n

5+

in ?6

D

DD

`!q+wknnq

Dcq !n 6+

Pk ` 8 RD$ D_ Y d ao d

`!q+ n?6

in wknnq

D

in ? 9D

D5

`!q+wkn nqD

!n 6+

Pk ` 8 RD$ D_ Y d ao gan

`!q+ f59

"n?6

fn gmwnq

D

fn ?9

D

D5

`!q+gmwnq

Dcq !n 5+


7/19

6.6. NA NLAF 5zq !5$ s+ ? z !6$ s+ ? 5$ s 5z !q$ 5+ ? z5 !q+ $ zs !q$ 5+ ? z6 !q+ $ 5 q D

Nlako8

z !q$ s+ ?n?6

Fn gmw

ns " In wkn

ns

Fn ? 965 z5 !q+gmwnqcq

In ?9n

65

z6 !q+gmw

nqcq

n ?

!9n 6+ 9

9

Ik smn8

zss f9zqq ? 5$ 5 4 q 4 D$ s > 5z !5$ s+ ? 5$ zq !D$ s+ " aDz !D$ s+ ? 5$ s 5$ aD > 5z !q$ 5+ ? z5 !q+ $ zs !q$ 5+ ? z6 !q+ $ 5 q D

Nlako8

z !q$ s+ ?n?6

Fn gmw

nfs

D" In wkn

nfs

D

wkn

nq

D

Fn ?

D5

z5 !q+wknnq

Dcq

D5

wkn9 nq

D

cq

In ?D

fb.

D5

z6 !q+wknnq

DcqD

5wkn9 nq

Dcq

n d nlako gf uanl syna8

sfn ? 6DaD

pk

b 6

9

4 b 4 b$ b ? 6$ 9$ ...


11/19

9.6. UANL SYNA SYZ[N WNL 66

Ik smn. Lkk ik smn !6+ pk `!q$ s+ ? 5

!6+ zss

f9zqq ? `!q$ s+ $ 5 4 q 4 D$ s > 5

z !5$ s+ ? l5 !s+ $ z !D$ s+ ? lD !s+ $ s 5z !q$ 5+ ? z5 !q+ $ zs !q$ 5+ ? z6 !q+ $ 5 q D

Sf s

!q$ s+ ?q

DlD !s+ "

6 q

D

l5 !s+

Bak $

!5$ s+ ? l5 !s+

!D$ s+ ? lD !s+

s p !q$ s+ ? z !q$ s+ !q$ s+. Bak $p !5$ s+ ? p !D$ s+ ? 5

pq ? zq qpqq ? zqq qq ? zqq

Saf{ pm !6+$ sf g

pss f9pqq ? `!q$ s+ ss !q$ s+ ? !q$ s+p !q$ 5+ ? z !q$ 5+ !q$ 5+ ? p5 !q+

ps !q$ 5+ ? zs !q$ 5+ s !q$ 5+ ? p6 !q+

Ik smn sy p so p !q$ s+

!9+

pss f9pqq ? !q$ s+ $ 5 4 q 4 D$ s > 5p !5$ s+ ? p !D$ s+ ? 5$ s 5p !q$ 5+ ? p5 !q+ $ ps !q$ 5+ ? p6 !q+ $ 5 q D

Sf lkk !9+ vzf afk ik smn c an wfz8So Z!q$ s+ d nlako gf ik smn

Zss f9Zqq ? 5$ 5 4 q 4 D$ s > 5Z!5$ s+ ? Z!D$ s+ ? 5$ s

5

Z!q$ 5+ ? p5 !q+ $ Zs !q$ 5+ ? p6 !q+ $ 5 q DSo P !q$ s+ d nlako gf ik smn

Pss f9Pqq ? !q$ s+ $ 5 4 q 4 D$ s > 5P !5$ s+ ? P !D$ s+ ? 5$ s 5P !q$ 5+ ? Ps !q$ 5+ ? 5$ 5 q D

Bak $p !q$ s+ ? Z!q$ s+ " P !q$ s+

d nlako gf ik smn !9+.


12/19

69 Ganl 9. SO SS GG IK SMN

9.9. UANL SYNA SYZ[N NAKS

Ik smn8 zs f9zqq ? 5$ 5 4 q 4 D$ s > 5z !5$ s+ ? z !D$ s+ ? 5$ s 5z !q$ 5+ ? z5 !q+ $ 5 q D

Nlako8

z !q$ s+ ?

n?6Fnj

!nfD

+9

s wknnq

D

Fn ?9

D

D

5

z5 !q+wknnq

Dcq

Ik smn8

zs f9zqq ? `!q$ s+ $ 5 4 q 4 D$ s > 5z !5$ s+ ? z !D$ s+ ? 5$ s 5z !q$ 5+ ? z5 !q+ $ 5 q D

Nlako8

z !q$ s+ ?n?6

zn !s+wknnq

D

zn !s+ ? nj!nf

D+9

s "

s5

j!nf

D+9

!sw+`n !w+ cw

n ?9

D

D5

z5 !q+wknnq

Dcq

`n !s+ ?9

DD5

`!q$ s+wknnq

D cq

Ik smn. Lkk ik smn !6+$ !9$ !7+ pk kz bkn ikn banl sazn naszs f9zqq ? `!q$ s+ $ 5 4 q 4 D$ s > 5 !6+z !5$ s+ ? l5 !s+ $ z !D$ s+ ? lD !s+ $ s 5 !9+z !q$ 5+ ? z5 !q+ $ 5 q D !7+

Sf s

!

q$ s+ ?

q

DlD !

s+ " 6 qD l5 !s+


13/19

9.9. UANL SYNA SYZ[N NAKS 67

Bak $

!5$ s+ ? l5 !s+

!D$ s+ ? lD !s+s p !q$ s+ ? z !q$ s+ !q$ s+. Bak $

p !5$ s+ ? p !D$ s+ ? 5

ps ? zs spq ? zq q

pqq ? zqq qq ? zqqSaf{ pm !6+$ sf g

ps

f9pqq ? `!q$ s+

s !q$ s+ ? !q$ s+

p !q$ 5+ ? z !q$ 5+ !q$ 5+ ? p5 !q+Na p{$ sf f p ik smn g lkk

ps f9pqq ? !q$ s+ $ 5 4 q 4 D$ s > 5p !5$ s+ ? p !D$ s+ ? 5$ s 5p !q$ 5+ ? p5 !q+ $ 5 q D

Ik smn8

zs

f9zqq ? `!q$ s+ $ 5 4 q 4 D$ s > 5

z !5$ s+ ? l5 !s+ $ z !D$ s+ ? lD !s+ $ s 5z !q$ 5+ ? z5 !q+ $ 5 q D

Nlako8

z !q$ s+ ? p !q$ s+ " !q$ s+

!q$ s+ ?q

DlD !s+ "

6 q

D

l5 !s+

p !q$ s+ ?

n?6 pn !s+wknnq

D

pn !s+ ? nj!nf

D+9

s "

s5

j!nf

D+9

!sw+ n !w+ cwn ?

9

D

D5

p5 !q+wknnq

Dcq

p5 !q+ ? z5 !q+ !q$ 5+n !s+ ? 9D

D5

!q$ s+wkn nqD

cq

!q$ s+ ? `!q$ s+

s !q$ s+


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15/19

Ganl 7

IK SU N SU

Gz 68

zss zqq ? 5$ 5 4 q 4 !6+z !5$ s+ ? 5$ z !$ s+ ? s$ s

5 !9+

z !q$ 5+ ? wkn7 q$ zs !q$ 5+ ? 5$ 5 q !7+

Lkk8s

!q$ s+ ?q

DlD !s+ "

6 q

D

l5 !s+ ?

q

s

Dg !5$ s+ ? 5$ !$ s+ ? ss

p !q$ s+ ? z !q$ s+ !q$ s+Sa

p !5$ s+ ? p !$ s+ ? 5$ s 5

pqq ? zqq qq ? zqqSaf{ pm !6+

pss " ss pqq qq ? 5

pss pqq ? q

p !q$ 5+ ? z !q$ 5+ !q$ 5+ ? wkn7 q 5 ? wkn7 q

ps !q$ 5+ ? zs !q$ 5+ s !q$ 5+ ? 5 q

? q

So z !q$ s+ ? p !q$ s+ " !q$ s+ pk !q$ s+ ?q

s p p !q$ s+ d nlako ik smn


16/19


17/19

6 5p !5$ s+ ? p !6$ s+ ? 5 s 5

p !q$ 5+ ? q !6 q+ 5 q 6


18/19


19/19

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Lecture Notes Toan Ly