Lecture Notes on Data Engineeringand Communications Technologies

Volume 26

Series editor

Fatos Xhafa, Technical University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spaine-mail: fatos@cs.upc.edu

The aim of the book series is to present cutting edge engineering approaches to datatechnologies and communications. It will publish latest advances on the engineeringtask of building and deploying distributed, scalable and reliable data infrastructuresand communication systems.The series will have a prominent applied focus on data technologies andcommunications with aim to promote the bridging from fundamental research ondata science and networking to data engineering and communications that lead toindustry products, business knowledge and standardisation.

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/15362

Jude Hemanth • Xavier FernandoPavel Lafata • Zubair BaigEditors

International Conferenceon Intelligent DataCommunicationTechnologies and Internetof Things (ICICI) 2018

123

EditorsJude HemanthDepartment of ECEKarunya UniversityCoimbatore, India

Xavier FernandoDepartment of Electrical and ComputerEngineering, Ryerson Communications LabRyerson UniversityToronto, ON, Canada

Pavel LafataFaculty of Engineering, Departmentof Telecommunication EngineeringCzech Technical UniversityPrague, Czech Republic

Zubair BaigSchool of Science, Joondalup CampusEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalup, WA, Australia

ISSN 2367-4512 ISSN 2367-4520 (electronic)Lecture Notes on Data Engineering and Communications TechnologiesISBN 978-3-030-03145-9 ISBN 978-3-030-03146-6 (eBook)https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03146-6

Library of Congress Control Number: 2018958966

© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or partof the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations,recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmissionor information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilarmethodology now known or hereafter developed.The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in thispublication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt fromthe relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in thisbook are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor theauthors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein orfor any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard tojurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AGThe registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

We are honored to dedicate the proceedingsof ICICI 2018 to all the participants andeditors of ICICI 2018.

Foreword

It is with deep satisfaction that I write this Foreword to the proceedings of theICICI 2018 held in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, on August 7–8, 2018.

This conference was bringing together researchers, academics, and professionalsfrom all over the world, experts in Data Communication Technologies and Internetof Things.

This conference particularly encouraged the interaction of research students anddeveloping academics with the more established academic community in aninformal setting to present and to discuss new and the current work. The paperscontributed the most recent scientific knowledge known in the field of DataCommunication and Computer Networking, Communication Technologies and itsApplications like IoT, Big Data, and Cloud Computing. Their contributions helpedto make the conference as outstanding as it has been. The local organizing com-mittee members and their helpers put much effort into ensuring the success of theday-to-day operation of the meeting.

We hope that this program will further stimulate research in Intelligent DataCommunication Technologies and Internet of Things and provide practitioners withbetter techniques, algorithms, and tools for deployment. We feel honored andprivileged to serve the best recent developments in the field of Intelligent DataCommunication Technologies and Internet of Things to you through this excitingprogram.

We thank all authors and participants for their contributions.

Jennifer S. RajConference Chair

vii

Preface

This conference proceedings volume contains the written versions of most of thecontributions presented during the conference of ICICI 2018. The conferenceprovided a setting for discussing recent developments in a wide variety of topicsincluding Data Communication, Computer Networking, CommunicationalTechnologies, Wireless and Ad hoc Network, Cryptography, Big Data, CloudComputing, IoT, and Healthcare Informatics. The conference has been a goodopportunity for participants coming from various destinations to present and discusstopics in their respective research areas.

ICICI 2018 Conference tends to collect the latest research results and applica-tions on Intelligent Data Communication Technologies and Internet of Things. Itincludes a selection of 190 papers from 602 papers submitted to the conferencefrom universities and industries all over the world. All of accepted papers weresubjected to strict peer-reviewing by 2–4 expert referees. The papers have beenselected for this volume because of quality and the relevance to the conference.

ICICI 2018 would like to express our sincere appreciation to all authors for theircontributions to this book. We would like to extend our thanks to all the referees fortheir constructive comments on all papers; especially, we would like to thankorganizing committee for their hard working. Finally, we would like to thank theSpringer publications for producing this volume.

Jennifer S. RajConference Chair

ix

Acknowledgements

ICICI 2018 would like to acknowledge the excellent work of our conference orga-nizing committee and keynote speakers for their presentation on August 7–8, 2018.The organizers also wish to acknowledge publicly the valuable services provided bythe reviewers.

On behalf of the editors, organizers, authors, and readers of this conference, wewish to thank the keynote speakers and the reviewers for their time, hard work, anddedication to this conference. The organizers wish to acknowledge Dr. JudeHemanth and Dr. Jennifer S Raj for the discussion, suggestion, and cooperation toorganize the keynote speakers of this conference. The organizers also wish toacknowledge the speakers and participants who attend this conference. Manythanks given for all persons who help and support this conference. ICICI 2018would like to acknowledge the contribution made to the organization by its manyvolunteers. Members contribute their time, energy, and knowledge at a local,regional, and international levels.

We also thank all the Chair Persons and conference committee members for theirsupport.

xi

Contents

Security Effect on AES in Terms of Avalanche Effectby Using Alternate S-Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Namita Tiwari and Amish Kumar

Enhanced Portable Customer Experience Using CommunityComputation in Offline Retail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Bineeth Kuriakose, Varghese Mathai, Arun Baby, and Jeexson Jose

Analysis of Analog Comparators Using a 6-Bit FlashADC Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Farhana Begum, Smita Sarma, Sandeep Mishra, and Anup Dandapat

Improving QoS Parameters Based on Traffic Type for AODVRouting Protocol in MANET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31H. Sai Srujan and A. Sudhakar

Cluster-Based Wireless Sensor Networks Using AntColony Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42A. Rajasekaran and V. Nagarajan

A Study on Cross-Layer TCP Performance in WirelessAd Hoc Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56Chandrashekhar Goswami and Parveen Sultanah

Hyper Elliptic Curve Based Homomorphic Encryption Schemefor Cloud Data Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71S. Selvi and M. Gobi

Trust in VANET Using Reactive Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Rakeash Mukati, Pritesh Jain, Makrand Samvatsar, and Upendra Singh

Industrial Metal Waste Management with MAGNETO Robot . . . . . . . . 96V. M. Vikhash Karthik, V. Shruthip, P. J. P. Rahul, C. Madhan,and A. Vijayakumari

xiii

Support Vector Neural Network and Principal ComponentAnalysis for Fault Diagnosis of Analog Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105D. Binu and B. S. Kariyappa

Application of Cloud Computing for Optimization of TasksScheduling by Multiple Robots Operating in a Co-operativeEnvironment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118Amitava Kar, Ajoy K. Dutta, and Subir Kr Debnath

A Novel Scheme for Bot Detection in Online SocialMedia: BotDefender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126Neharika Singh and Madhumita Chatterjee

Performance Evaluation of Symmetric Block Cipher RC6with ECB and CBC Operation Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134Purva Sharma and Rajendra Purohit

Crowdsourced Enhancing Agile Development Project UsingDominance-Based Rough Set Theory for Balancing Skill Set . . . . . . . . . 141Rajita Pathak and Manuj Darbari

Optimal Location Aided Routing with Directional Antennasin Mobile Ad Hoc Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148G. Jayasree, K. P. Indulekha, B. T. Vijay, and B. Malarkodi

IoT Based Framework for Enhancing the Capabilitiesof Educational ERP System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160Sharda Tiwari and Manuj Darbari

Predicting Personality Using Deep Learning Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . 168Anam Iqbal and Farheen Siddiqui

Hardware Implementation of Secure Message ServiceUsing Symmetric Cryptographic Technique Using Java . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180Alka P. Sawlikar, Z. J. Khan, and S. G. Akojwar

Hybrid Clean Energy Harvesting for Low Power Devices . . . . . . . . . . . 191K. Vivek Raj, K. Namana Shenoy, L. Dhanalakshmi, Drishya Jayan,and Ayushi

Autonomous Ground Vehicle for Agricultural Applications . . . . . . . . . . 200R. Shreyas, B. Padmaja, H. B. Adithya, and M. P. Sunil

An Improved Block-Based Motion Estimation Algorithmfor Compressing a Video . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207Ajay Mathur, Rahul Bhandari, and Amit Mishra

Design of Low Power RSC Encoder Using Reversible Logic . . . . . . . . . 213J. Aishvarya, P. S. N. V. V. Sai Manindra, P. Sathya Priya,Kruthi Vaseeshwar Rao, and E. Prabhu

xiv Contents

Hierarchical View on Detection of Attacks in Closed LoopControl Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220R. B. Benisha and S. Raja Ratna

Role of ACO Driven AGV in Intelligent Transport Systems . . . . . . . . . 227Tabeen Afzal Khan and Farheen Siddiqui

Efficient QoS Routing in MANET by a Novel Hybrid Technique . . . . . 233Rangaraj and Anitha

Facial Expression Recognition System for Visually Impaired . . . . . . . . . 244Aswathy Ashok and Jisha John

A Novel Hybrid Approach for Detection of DDoS Attack . . . . . . . . . . . 251Pooja Redekar and Madhumita Chatterjee

FPGA Implementation of Low Power DTCWT Based OFDMArchitecture for Smart Meters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256Duney D. Sam, D. Jayadevappa, and P. Cyril Prasanna Raj

Novel Noise Reduction Scheme of Brain Waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266Shyam Prasad Devulapalli, Ch. Srinivasa Rao, and K. Satya Prasad

A Systematic Mapping Study of Content Based FilteringRecommender Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273Mahir Jain, Suraj Singh, and K. Chandrasekaran

Automotive Vehicle to Everything (V2X) Communication Using IOT . . . 283P. Janani, Siddhant Verma, S. Natrajan, and Aditya Kumar Sinha

A CAN Protocol Based Driver Assistance System for Safety Manner . . . 292Rahul Vasant Nale, Shubham Srivastava, Aditya Kumar Sinha,and U. Saravanakumar

Multi Path Routing in Load Balanced Energy EnhancedBee-AdHoc-C MANETs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303Sasmita Mohapatra and M. Siddappa

A Smart Tyre Pressure Monitoring Using Android Phones . . . . . . . . . . 312G. Prasanthi and V. S. Felix Enigo

180 Mbps Viterbi Decoder Design on FPGA for OFDM Modulatorin Underwater Communication Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319N. Girish and M. B. Veena

Cuckoo Search Optimization Based Mobile Node DeploymentScheme for Target Coverage Problem in Underwater WirelessSensor Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327Sangeeta Kumari and Govind P. Gupta

Contents xv

Big Data Preprocessing for Modern World: Opportunitiesand Challenges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335Andrea Prakash, Narem Navya, and Jayapandian Natarajan

A Comparative Study of Anomaly Based Detection Techniques . . . . . . . 344Umasoni, Uma Kumari, and Anil Kumar

Uniform Circle Formation by Fat Robots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350Moumita Mondal, Sruti Gan Chaudhuri, and Shankha Bhattacharya

60 GHz LNA Design with Inductive Source Degenerationin 65 nm CMOS Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363Rajendra Chikkanagouda and P. Cyril Prasanna Raj

Named Entity Recognition in Marathi Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371Shrutika Kale and Sharvari Govilkar

Enhancing Open Cognitive Data Science Workbench on Open Power . . . 378K. Tanuja and Rahul Dubey

Image Processing Architecture Using DTCWT Modified DistributedAlgorithm for Plant Phenotyping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385T. R. Yashavantha Kumar, S. L. Pinjare, and P. Cyril Prasanna Raj

Improvement in Software Defect Prediction Outcome Using PrincipalComponent Analysis and Ensemble Machine Learning Algorithms . . . . 397N. Dhamayanthi and B. Lavanya

Study on Structural Vibration Monitoring Using WSN . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407P. S. Anusree and S. Swapna Kumar

Usage of R Programming in Data Analytics with Implicationson Insurance Fraud Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416Ananthi Sheshasaayee and Surya Susan Thomas

A Comparison of Supervised Machine Learning Approachesfor Categorized Tweets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422M. Vadivukarassi, N. Puviarasan, and P. Aruna

IoT Controlled Mobile Robot for Home Security and Surveillance . . . . 431P. S. N. Suryavamsi and A. Arockia Selvakumar

Semantic Representation of Malayalam Text Documents in CricketDomain Using WordNet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439Sreedhi Deleep Kumar, E. U. Reshma, C. Sunitha, and Amal Ganesh

Bio-inspired Energy Aware Scheduling and Routing in WirelessSensor Networks to Enhance the Network Lifetime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448Vidya Honguntikar, G. S. Biradar, and Meenakshi Patil

xvi Contents

Tri-band Dual Polarized 2 � 2 MIMO Antenna for WirelessCommunications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458R. S. Bhadade, S. P. Mahajan, Jayant Dhole, and Sourabh Khujat

Fault Tolerant Resource Management Schemefor Computational Grids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472Anuj Kumar and Heman Pathak

Role of Hadoop in Big Data Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482Meenakshi, A. C. Ramachandra, M. N. Thippeswamy, and Ajith Bailakare

Energy Management in Wireless Sensor Networks: A State of Art . . . . 492Rekha and Ritu Garg

Decision Making Analysis in Corporate Sectors Using the Conceptof Big Data Analytics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500Ananthi Sheshasaayee and K. Bhargavi

A Parametric Analysis on the Improvisation of CustomerOnline-Shopping Attitudes and Behaviour Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507Ananthi Sheshasaayee and L. Logeshwari

Reconfigurable Antenna Control Unit for Accurate Positioningin Mobile Earth Station Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516Abrar Ul Haq, G. M. Sreerama Reddy, and P. Cyril Prasanna Raj

Clustering in Mobile Adhoc Network: WCA Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525Parveen Kumari, Gaurav Aggarwal, and Sugandha Singh

Paraphrase Identification of Marathi Sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 534Shruti Srivastava and Sharvari Govilkar

An Analytical Survey on Intrusion Detection Systemand Their Identification Methodologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545Ananthi Sheshasaayee and Priyanka Muniyandi

Video Processing to Identify a Mentally Retarded Peoples . . . . . . . . . . . 553A. Vijaya Kumar and R. Ponnusamy

Exploration and Implementation of Classification Algorithmsfor Patent Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565Geetika Singh, Abhinav Singh, Darshana A. Naik, and S. Seema

Achieving Competence in Higher Education Using BlendedTeaching – Learning Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 573Ananthi Sheshasaayee and S. Malathi

High On-Shelf Utility Mining Using an ImprovedHOUI-Mine Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579C. Sivamathi, S. Vijayarani, and V. Jeevika Tharini

Contents xvii

On the Parametric Analysis of Bio Inspired Printed MonopoleAntenna for Wireless Sensor Network in Agriculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587Harish Rajurkar and Sudhir Akojwar

Remotely Monitored House Security System with ZigBee Technology . . . 595Sable Hema

Prediction Analysis on Web Traffic Data Using Time Series Modeling,RNN and Ensembling Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611Naveena Reddy Mettu and T. Sasikala

Performance Analysis of BER for GMSK Signal for GSM FrequencyTransmitted Through AWGN Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 619N. Rakesh

Applying Machine Learning Algorithms to Develop a UniversalCardiovascular Disease Prediction System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 627Ekta Maini, Bondu Venkateswarlu, and Arbind Gupta

Development of Water Management System for Smart Irrigation . . . . . 633Sneha Ann Philip, G. Shine Let, and C. Benin Pratap

A Novel Method to Address Security Using Smart Gatewayand Dynamic Authentication for Home Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 640Shruthi Sreedharan and N. Rakesh

Study of Congestions in Wireless Sensor Networksfor Different Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 647P. Ullas and K. S. Shivaprakasha

Global Fairness Model Estimation Implementation in Logical Layerby Using Optical Network Survivability Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655Chandra Singh, K. V. S. S. S. S. Sairam, and Harish M. B.

Energy Efficiency of Device-to-Device Communication UnderlaidCellular Networks over Nakagami-m Fading Channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . 660Indrasen Singh and Niraj Pratap Singh

A Review on Memory Allocators for NUMA Based RTOS . . . . . . . . . . 668Vatsalkumar Shah and Apurva Shah

Home Based Healthcare Monitoring System for Diabetes PatientsUsing IoT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 676C. S. Krishna and T. Sasikala

Performance Analysis of Various Anonymization Techniquesfor Privacy Preservation of Sensitive Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 687B. Sreevidya, M. Rajesh, and T. Sasikala

xviii Contents

Applying Attribute Selection Algorithms in AcademicPerformance Prediction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 694Mu Lin Wong and S. Senthil

QoS Routing and Scheduling Algorithms in MultihopWireless Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 702Phalguna D. Mankar, Prajwal Prakash, and Pratheek S. Upadhyaya

A Performance Comparison of Fuzzy Logic Based Truly RandomNumber Generator with Other Low Power LFSR Architectures . . . . . . 710G. Sathesh Kumar and V. Saminadan

Graph Visualization System for Human Density ComputationUsing IoT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 719Swati K. Bhavsar and Varsha H. Patil

An Optimized Packet Transceiver Design for Ethernet-MACLayer Based on FPGA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 725S. P. Guruprasad and B. S. Chandrasekar

Detection of Objects and Evaluation with the IO Link Using MiniatureLaser Sensor - A Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 733R. Divya and R. Chinnaiyan

Automated Segmentation and Computation of the LeukocytesBased on Morphological Operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 741L. Vijay Mani Shankar, V. Mahesh, B. Geethanjali, and R. Subashini

Techniques of Flood Forecasting and Their Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . 751Amitkumar Ranit and P. V. Durge

A Review on Random Forest: An Ensemble Classifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 758Aakash Parmar, Rakesh Katariya, and Vatsal Patel

Big Data Migration and Sentiment Analysis of Real Time EventsUsing Hadoop Ecosystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 764R. Chandana, D. Harshitha, Meenakshi, and A. C. Ramachandra

Design of 14-Bit SAR ADC with Improved Linearity and SignalDependent Charge Re-Cycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 771A. R. Athira Nair and K. Nisha Jose

Traffic Congestion Re-Routing Control System Using Fuzzy Logic . . . . 778Spoorty S. Patil and Shridevi Soma

Self Configurable Air Pollution Monitoring System Using IoTand Data Mining Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 786M. S. Binsy and Nalini Sampath

Contents xix

Performance Analysis of MIMO Systems Over AWGN and RicianChannels Using QOSTBC4 as Space Time Block Coding Techniquewith Zero Forcing Receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 799Gurpreet Kaur, Navjot Kaur, and Lavish Kansal

Performance Analysis of Clustering Schemes in MANETs . . . . . . . . . . . 808J. Vijayalakshmi and K. Prabu

Enhancing Security in WSN by Artificial Intelligence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 814Shafiqul Abidin

A Real Time Human Emotion Recognition System Using RespirationInhale-Exhale Temperature Patterns and ECG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 822C. M. Naveen Kumar and G. Shivakumar

Level Plant Automation Using Yokogawa DCS Centum-VP -A Case Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 834M. Saravanabalaji and V. Athappan

A Study on Effect of Customer’s Demographic Factors on In-StoreExperience Perception in Superstores Using Analysis of Variance . . . . . 845Abhey Sehrawat, Akshit Yadav, Hemant Kumar, and Pankaj Deshwal

Implementation Issues of Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality:A Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 853Sangeeta Kumari and Nitish Polke

Air Quality Monitoring System Through Mobile Sensing inMetropolitan City . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 862Y. Ambika Naik, M. R. Suma, and P. Madhumathy

Detecting Mucosal Abnormalities from Wireless CapsuleEndoscopy Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 872Aschalew Tirulo Abiko, Brijesh Vala, and Satvik Patel

A Novel Technique for Data Push in Mobile ClientsUsing Sequential Regression Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 879Syed Umar, C. V. Madhusudan Reddy, Valasani Usha Shree,and M. Manohar

A Cooperative Approach for Distributed Intrusion Protectionin PIS Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 888Syed Umar, A. Rajaiah, Valasani Usha Shree, and M. Anudeep

Rescheduling Enhanced Min-Min (REMM) Algorithm for Meta-taskScheduling in Cloud Computing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 895D. I. George Amalarethinam and S. Kavitha

xx Contents

Communication Assisted Dynamic Scheduling of PublicTransportation Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 903Gurdit Singh, Divya Bansal, and Sanjeev Sofat

AUTOSAR Architecture Based Kernel Developmentfor Automotive Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 911R. S. Sandhya Devi, P. Sivakumar, and R. Balaji

IoT Based Market and Waste Management System for a Smart City . . . 920P. S. Saarika and T. Sudha

An Emergency Theory of Terminal Relay for WCN with 4G LTE . . . . 927Royyuru Srikanth, S. M. K. M. Abbas Ahmad, Syed Umar,Valasani Usha Shree, and Md Chan Basha

Secure Data Using Homomorphic Encryption Technique forGenerating Shorter Cipher Text in Cloud Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . 936Swachil J. Patel and Ronak R. Patel

Design of an Integrated System for Monitoring Weatherand Traffic Based on Internet of Things . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 942V. Meghana, K. Ashika, B. Namitha, and Nalini Sampath

A Face Recognition Based Automatic Attendance ManagementSystem by Combining LBP and HOG Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 952Manjunath K. Patgar, Soumya Patil, and Rajashekhar B. Shettar

An Efficient Human Disease Detection Using DataMining Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 960Revathy K. Ravi and T. K. Ratheesh

Internet of Things Security and Privacy Issuesin Healthcare Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 967Varija Sai Bitra, N. Jayapandian, and K. Balachandran

Prediction Based Agro Advisory System for Crop Protection . . . . . . . . 974R. Ruba Mangala and A. Padmapriya

Cluster Oriented Sensor Selection for Context-Aware Internetof Things Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 981K. K. Nithya, M. Vishnu Prathap, and K. R. Remesh Babu

Efficient and Secure Keying Mechanism for Communicationin Sensor Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 989Vinayak Musale and Devendra Chaudhari

A Novel Approach to Optimize Design of n-Bit AESUsing Reversible Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 996Hongal Rohini, A. C. Pavankumar, and Rajashekhar B. Shettar

Contents xxi

Cross Script Hindi English NER Corpus from Wikipedia . . . . . . . . . . . 1006Mohd Zeeshan Ansari, Tanvir Ahmad, and Md Arshad Ali

Cluster Based Routing Scheme for Heterogeneous Nodesin WSN–A Genetic Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1013L. Lakshmanan, A. Jesudoss, and V. Ulagamuthalvi

Clipping Based PMPR Reduction Techniquesfor LTE-OFDM Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1023T. Sri Sudha and G. Sasibhushana Rao

Hybrid Triodetection Approach: A Frameworkfor Intrusion Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1032M. Mahithaa Sree, M. Saranya, and S. Prayla Shyry

QoT Aware Evolutionary Traffic Assignments for TransparentOptical Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1039Tarun Gupta and Amit Kumar Garg

IoT Based Traffic Management in Smart Cities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1045Asma Farheen, S. Ashwini, K. G. Priyanka, P. R. Divya, and R. Bhagya

Design of Hybrid DWDM and SAC-OCDMA SystemUtilizing ZCC Code to Enhance User Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1053Himali Sarangal, Amarpal Singh, Jyoteesh Malhotra,and Simrandeep Singh Thapar

Application of Seasonal Analytics in HealthCare Sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1061Shrikant H. Koppad and S. Anupama Kumar

Disrupting Insurance Industry Using Blockchain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1068Pridhvi Krishna Meduri, Somesh Mehta, Kartik Joshi, and Sagar Rane

A Comparative Analysis on Hardware System of 2D DiscreteWavelet Transformation for the Image Denoising Application . . . . . . . . 1076Nayna Vijaykumar Bhosale and Sudhir S. Kanade

Reliability Enhanced Overlay Structure for Peer-to-PeerVideo Streaming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1088B. Uma Maheswari and T. K. Ramesh

Driverless Train Using IoT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1097K. Sandhya and T. Sudha

An Overview of Privacy Preserving Schemes for VANET . . . . . . . . . . . 1103Kiran Salunke and U. Ragavendran

Comparison of Various Face Recognition Techniquesin Modelling Associations of Discriminant Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1113T. Vijayakumar, B. Kedarnath, and Achampet Harshavardhan

xxii Contents

A Review on Resource Allocation in HeterogeneousLTE-Advanced Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1122Vikas Chauhan and Amandeep

Application of Big Data for Medical Data AnalysisUsing Hadoop Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1128M. S. Roobini and M. Lakshmi

An Android-Based Solution for Solar Power Harvesting andIrrigation Using IoT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1136Sangeeta Kumari, Varun Modani, Shreya Oswal, Sagnik Sen Sarma,and Piyush Kulkarni

An Efficient Feature Selection Method Using Hybrid ParticleSwarm Optimization with Genetic Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1148Arya Narayanan and A. N. Praveen

Design and Analysis of a 4-Bit Flash ADC Architecturewith Modified Comparator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1156Anil Khatak, Manoj Kumar, and Sanjeev Dhull

A Novel Approach for the Monitor and Detection of NodeIsolation Attack in WANETs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1166Linny Sunny and T. K. Ratheesh

Novel Defence Scheme for Phishing Attacks in Mobile Phones . . . . . . . 1174C. Nivya Johny and T. K. Ratheesh

Optimization Technique for RF MEMS Reconfigurable AntennaUsing GSO Algorithm with ANN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1182Qazi Fasihuddin and M. S. S. Rukmini

Implementation of Confidentiality for Voice Traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1187W. Sherine Mary, S. Muthukumar, K. S. Akilanayaki, N. Sathya Priya,and S. Sathish Kumar

Swarm Intelligence Based Feature Selection Algorithmsand Classifiers for Gastric Cancer Prediction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1194L. Thara and R. Gunasundari

GHSA: Task Scheduling in Heterogeneous Cloud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1202K. Pradeep and T. Prem Jacob

Human Face Detection in Crowd and Density AnalysisUsing Neural Network Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1208Mayur D. Chaudhari and Archana S. Ghotkar

The Security Challenges, Issues and Countermeasures inSpatiotemporal Data: A Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1216M. Adimoolam, M. Sugumaran, and R. S. Rajesh

Contents xxiii

‘i-Campus’: Internet of Things Based Learning Technologiesfor E-Learning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1225M. R. M. Veeramanickam, N. Mohana Sundaram, Laxmi Raja,Sandip A. Kale, and Uday P. Mithapalli

Embedded Extended Visual Cryptography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1233T. Prem Jacob, A. Pravin, and P. Asha

ECG Monitoring System Based on Internet of Things Technology . . . . 1241Aryan S. Verma and Manisha R. Mhetre

Framework for Monitoring Patient Health Using Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . 1250A. Pravin, T. Prem Jacob, and P. Asha

Mining the Associated Patterns in Big Data Using Hadoop Cluster . . . . 1255P. Asha, T. Prem Jacob, A. Pravin, and A. Asbern

An Application of Vehicular Networks: Vehicle Tracking . . . . . . . . . . . 1264Teja Reddy, Bharathi Malakreddy, and H. N. Harinath

Efficient Nonuniform Digital FIR Filter Bank Based on MaskingApproach for Digital Hearing Aid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1269G. Parameshappa and D. Jayadevappa

Updating of ManufactOn Software in Collaborative, Cloudand Mobile Solution in Civil Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1277H. M. Veda and Shilpa Chaudhari

A Study on Meta Heuristic Algorithms for Feature Selection . . . . . . . . 1291Rajalakshmi Shenbaga Moorthy and P. Pabitha

Security and Privacy Issues in Cloud Computing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1299Asma A. Shaikh and Kamatchi Iyer

User Based Efficient Video Recommendatıon System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1307J. Albert Mayan, R. Aroul Canesaane, J. Jabez, M. D. Kamalesh,and G. Rama Mohan Reddy

Machine Learning for Opinion and Sector Assessment of ‘Makein India’ Based on User Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1317A. Mridula and C. R. Kavitha

Fuzzy and PID Controllers for Buck-Boost ConverterFed Bridgeless BLDC Motor over Cloud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1328Dinesh Gopal, Umasankar Periasamy, and Mohana Periyasamy

Reputation Based Malware Detection Using Support Vector Machine . . . 1338Urmila Kalshetti, Prashant Singh, Vaibhav Bhapkar, Manish Gaikwad,and Arvind Bhat

xxiv Contents

Enhancement of Cloud Security and Strength of ServiceUsing Trust Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1345Pragati Prakash, Nidhi Ekka, Tanmay Kathane, and Nishi Yadav

Li-Fi Based Building Safety System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1354F. Margret Sharmila, M. Akshaya, D. R. Aksshaya, K. V. Harini,and S. Harshini

Dynamic Resource Management Through Task Migration in Cloud . . . 1362K. S. Arya, P. V. Divya, and K. R. Remesh Babu

A Proposed Wireless Solar Piezo Hybrid Charging System . . . . . . . . . . 1370Rohit Kosamkar, Vinay Rai, Ajit Shedge, Pranav Thakur, and P. S. Sheeba

Fog-Based Smart Healthcare as a Big Data and Cloud Servicefor Heart Patients Using IoT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1376Sukhpal Singh Gill, Rajesh Chand Arya, Gurpreet Singh Wander,and Rajkumar Buyya

Phishing Site Detection and Blacklisting Using EVCS,Steganography Based on Android Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1384Ashitha Shaji, Mariya Stephen, Seethal Sadanandan, S. Sreelakshmi,and K. A. Fasila

Enhanced Algorithm for Load Rebalancing in CloudComputing Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1391T. Thiruvenkadam and Teklay Teklu

Cloud Computing for Image Based Condition Monitoringof Road Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1400K. Sujatha, P. Vijai Babu, A. Ganesan, N. P. G. Bhavani, P. Sinthia,V. Srividhya, and S. Ponmagal

A Surveillance Smart System for Air Pollution Monitoringand Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1407R. M. Bommi, V. Monika, A. Aloicius ArockiaKoncy, and Chandra Patra

IoT Based “Intelligent Light Sensing Backlit Keyboard” . . . . . . . . . . . . 1419Ashutosh Khetmalis, Urmik Joshi, Sachin Borse, Jay Biche,and Vaishali Barkade

Low Cost Head Gesture Controlled Wheelchairfor Quadriplegic Patients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1425A. Anitha, N. Dharshini, B. Raga Ravali, Shriya Chaurasia,and G. Christina

Comparative Study of Conflict Identification and Resolutionin Heterogeneous Datasets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1436I. Carol and S. Britto Ramesh Kumar

Contents xxv

Identification of Profile-Injection Attacks in Recommendation System . . . 1442C. Santhiya and K. Indira

Quad-Rail Sense-Amplifier Based NoC Router Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1449N. Ashokkumar, P. Nagarajan, N. Vithyalakshmi, and P. Venkataramana

Design and Implementation of Adaptive Headlight ControlSystem Using CAN-LIN Protocols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1455Vrushali D. Ichake, Pranav Chipalkatti, and Ganesh Kadam

Improving Data Accuracy in Data Aggregation with ConcealingSalvation in Hierarchical Wireless Sensor Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1467Beema Naushad and U. Barakkath Nisha

Energy Efficient Threshold Based Cluster Head Selectionand Optimized Routing in LEACH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1475P. Nayana Prabha and Abdul Ali

Review on IoT Based Case Study: Applications and Challenges . . . . . . 1487Swati Kulkarni, R. M. Vani, and P. V. Hunagund

Enforcing Confidentiality and Authentication over Public CloudUsing Hybrid Cryptosystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1495N. Thillaiarasu, S. Chenthur Pandian, G. Naveen Balaji, R. M. BenithaShierly, A. Divya, and G. Divya Prabha

Device to Device Communication Underlaying Cellular Network . . . . . . 1504R. Nair Archana, V. Sindhu, and P. C. Neelakantan

Reputation Based Extensive Deep Packet Sc-Rutiny Algorithmfor Detecting Selfish Nodes in MANETs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1512V. Geetha, S. A. Hariprasad, and Priyanka Vanke

A Survey on Mobility Driven Clustering Techniques for WirelessSensor Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1521Ashay Jadhav and Sumedha Sirsikar

Study of Various Scheduling Procedures in Cloud Computingand Their Challenges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1529R. Anantha Kumar and K. Kartheeban

A Study on Asset Designation Techniques in Cloud Computing . . . . . . 1539G. Sumathi and G. Vijaya

Evaluating Resource Saturation Attack During Controller-SwitchCommunication in SDN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1548S. Sujitha, M. S. K. Manikandan, and R. Guru Roja

Voice Based Navigation System for Visually Impaired PeopleUsing RFID Tag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1557A. Reshma and G. M. Rajathi

xxvi Contents

New Automated Vehicle Crash Avoidance System Basedon Dipping and RF Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1565Pooja T. Shetty, R. Roopalakshmi, H. R. Manjunath, S. Pooja,M. Akshatha, and K. Sijas

Optimization of Distributed Energy Efficient Clustering Variantsfor Enhancing Lifetime in WSNs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1573G. Karthik Reddy and L. Nirmala Devi

Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1585

Contents xxvii

List of Contributors

Shafiqul Abidin HMR Institute of Technology & Management (GGSIPU), Delhi,IndiaAschalew Tirulo Abiko Faculty of Engineering and Technology, ComputerScience and Engineering, Parul University, Waghodia, IndiaM. Adimoolam Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SriVenkateswara College of Engineering, Chennai, Tamilnadu, IndiaH. B. Adithya Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,School of Engineering and Technology, Jain University, Bengaluru, Karnataka,IndiaGaurav Aggarwal CSE Department, Jagannath University, Jhajjar, Haryana,IndiaS. M. K. M. Abbas Ahmad Department of Electronics and CommunicationEngineering, JBREC, Hyderabad, IndiaTanvir Ahmad Department of Computer Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia, NewDelhi, IndiaJ. Aishvarya Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, AmritaSchool of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita University,Coimbatore, IndiaK. S. Akilanayaki Department of ECE, Adithya Institute of Technology,Coimbatore, IndiaS. G. Akojwar Department of Instrumentation Engineering, Government Collegeof Engineering, Chandrapur, Chandrapur, IndiaSudhir Akojwar Government Engineering College, Chandrapur, IndiaM. Akshatha Alva’s Institute of Engineering and Technology, Moodbidri,Karnataka, IndiaM. Akshaya Department of CSE, SNS College of Engineering, Coimbatore,Tamil Nadu, IndiaD. R. Aksshaya Department of CSE, SNS College of Engineering, Coimbatore,Tamil Nadu, India

xxix

J. Albert Mayan School of Computing, Sathyabama Institute of Science andTechnology, Chennai, IndiaAbdul Ali Department of Computer Science and Engineering, ICET,Muvattupuzha, IndiaAmandeep Department of Computer Science Engineering, Guru JambheshwarUniversity of Science and Technology, Hisar, IndiaY. Ambika Naik DSCE, Bengaluru, IndiaR. Anantha Kumar Department of CSE, Kalasalingam Institute of Technology,Krishnankoil, Tamilnadu, IndiaA. Anitha Department of ECE, Coimbatore Institute of Technology, Coimbatore,IndiaAnitha Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, AnnamalaiUniversity, Chidambaram, Tamilnadu, IndiaMohd Zeeshan Ansari Department of Computer Engineering, Jamia MilliaIslamia, New Delhi, IndiaM. Anudeep Department of Computer Science Engineering, JBREC, Hyderabad,IndiaP. S. Anusree Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, VidyaAcademy of Science and Technology, Thrissur, IndiaR. Nair Archana Adi Shankara Institute of Engineering and Technology, Kalady,IndiaA. Arockia Selvakumar School of Mechanical and Building Sciences, VITUniversity, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaA. Aloicius ArockiaKoncy Department of ECE, Jeppiaar Maamallan EngineeringCollege, Chennai, IndiaR. Aroul Canesaane School of Computing/ECE, Sathyabama Institute of Scienceand Technology, Chennai, IndiaMd Arshad Ali Department of Computer Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia, NewDelhi, IndiaP. Aruna Department of Computer Science and Engineering, AnnamalaiUniversity, Chidambaram, IndiaK. S. Arya Department of Information Technology, Government EngineeringCollege, Idukki, Kerala, IndiaRajesh Chand Arya Department of Cardiology, Hero Heart Institute, DayanandMedical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, IndiaA. Asbern Global Knowledge Network India Private Limited, Chennai, IndiaP. Asha Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sathyabama Instituteof Science and Technology, Chennai, IndiaK. Ashika Cisco Systems India Pvt Ltd., Bengaluru, India; Mu Sigma BusinessSolutions, Bengaluru, India; Ericsson, Bengaluru, IndiaAswathy Ashok Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Mar BaseliosCollege of Engineering and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India

xxx List of Contributors

N. Ashokkumar Sree Vidyanikethan Engineering College, Tirupati, AndhraPradesh, IndiaS. Ashwini Department of Telecommunication, R.V College of Engineering,Bengaluru, IndiaV. Athappan EIE Department, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore,IndiaA. R. Athira Nair Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,Sree Chithra Thirunal College of Engineering, Trivandrum, Kerala, IndiaAyushi Department of Telecommunication, DSCE, Bengaluru, IndiaArun Baby Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Muthoot Instituteof Technology and Science, Ernakulam, IndiaAjith Bailakare Digital Electronics, UTL Bangalore, Bangalore, IndiaK. Balachandran Department of Computer Science and Engineering, CHRIST(Deemed to be University), Bangalore, IndiaR. Balaji Department of EEE, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, IndiaDivya Bansal Punjab Engineering College, Chandigarh, IndiaU. Barakkath Nisha Department of Computer Science and Engineering, ICET,Muvattupuzha, IndiaVaishali Barkade Comp. Department, JSPM’s RSCOE, Tathawade, IndiaMd Chan Basha Department of Computer Science Engineering, JBREC,Hyderabad, IndiaFarhana Begum Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,National Institute of Technology Meghalaya, Shillong, IndiaR. B. Benisha Department of CSE, V V College of Engineering, Tisaiyanvilai,IndiaR. M. Benitha Shierly SNS College of Engineering, Coimbatore, IndiaR. S. Bhadade College of Engineering, Pune, Pune, IndiaR. Bhagya Department of Telecommunication, R.V College of Engineering,Bengaluru, IndiaRahul Bhandari Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Career PointUniversity, Kota, IndiaVaibhav Bhapkar Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, MH, IndiaK. Bhargavi Department of Computer Science, Quaid E Millath GovernmentCollege for Women, Chennai, IndiaArvind Bhat Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, MH, IndiaShankha Bhattacharya Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India; Cognizant SolutionsTechnology, Kolkata, IndiaN. P. G. Bhavani Department of EEE, Meenakshi College of Engineering,Chennai, IndiaSwati K. Bhavsar MCERC, Nashik, IndiaNayna Vijaykumar Bhosale Department of Electronics and TelecommunicationCollege of Engineering, Osmanabad, Maharashtra, India

List of Contributors xxxi

Jay Biche Comp. Department, JSPM’s RSCOE, Tathawade, IndiaM. S. Binsy Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Amrita School ofEngineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Bengaluru, IndiaD. Binu ECE Department, R V College of Engineering, VTU University,Belgaum, IndiaG. S. Biradar Department of ECE, PDACEG, Gulbarga, Karnataka, IndiaVarija Sai Bitra Department of Computer Science and Engineering, CHRIST(Deemed to be University), Bangalore, IndiaR. M. Bommi Department of ECE, Jeppiaar Maamallan Engineering College,Chennai, IndiaSachin Borse Comp. Department, JSPM’s RSCOE, Tathawade, IndiaRajkumar Buyya Cloud Computing and Distributed Systems (CLOUDS)Laboratory, School of Computing and Information Systems, The University ofMelbourne, Melbourne, AustraliaI. Carol Department of Computer Science, St. Joseph’s College, Trichy, IndiaR. Chandana Department of CSE, NMIT, Bangalore, IndiaB. S. Chandrasekar CVLI, Jain University, Bangalore, IndiaK. Chandrasekaran Department of Computer Science and Engineering, NationalInstitute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangalore, IndiaMadhumita Chatterjee Department of Computer Engineering, PCE, New Panvel,IndiaMadhumita Chatterjee Computer Engineering, PCE, Mumbai University, NaviMumbai, IndiaDevendra Chaudhari Department of Electronics and TelecommunicationEngineering, Government College of Engineering, Amravati, Maharashtra, IndiaMayur D. Chaudhari Computer Engineering, Pune Institute of ComputerTechnology, Pune, IndiaShilpa Chaudhari Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, IndiaSruti Gan Chaudhuri Jadavpur University, Kolkata, IndiaVikas Chauhan Department of Computer Science Engineering, GuruJambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, IndiaShriya Chaurasia Department of ECE, Coimbatore Institute of Technology,Coimbatore, IndiaS. Chenthur Pandian SNS College of Technology, Coimbatore, IndiaRajendra Chikkanagouda M S Engineering College, VTU, Bengaluru,Karnataka, IndiaR. Chinnaiyan Department of Master of Computer Application, New HorizonCollege of Engineering, Bengaluru, IndiaPranav Chipalkatti Department of Electronics and Telecommunication, Pune,IndiaG. Christina Department of ECE, Coimbatore Institute of Technology,Coimbatore, India

xxxii List of Contributors

P. Cyril Prasanna Raj R & D Centre, M S Engineering College, VTU,Bengaluru, Karnataka, IndiaP. Cyril Prasanna Raj Department of ECE, M.S. Engineering College,Bangalore, IndiaP. Cyril Prasanna Raj Department of ECE, MSEC, Bangalore, IndiaAnup Dandapat Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,National Institute of Technology Meghalaya, Shillong, IndiaManuj Darbari Department of Computer Science, Babu Banarasi Das University,Lucknow, Lucknow, IndiaSubir Kr Debnath Production Engineering Department, Jadavpur University,Kolkata, IndiaPankaj Deshwal Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology, New Delhi, IndiaShyam Prasad Devulapalli CVR College of Engineering, Ibrahimpatnam, IndiaN. Dhamayanthi Department of Computer Science, University of Madras,Chennai, IndiaL. Dhanalakshmi Department of Telecommunication, DSCE, Bengaluru, IndiaN. Dharshini Department of ECE, Coimbatore Institute of Technology,Coimbatore, IndiaJayant Dhole College of Engineering, Pune, Pune, IndiaSanjeev Dhull Department of ECE, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana, IndiaG. Divya Prabha SNS College of Engineering, Coimbatore, IndiaA. Divya SNS College of Engineering, Coimbatore, IndiaP. R. Divya Department of Telecommunication, R.V College of Engineering,Bengaluru, IndiaP. V. Divya Department of Information Technology, Government EngineeringCollege, Idukki, Kerala, IndiaR. Divya Department of Master of Computer Application, New Horizon Collegeof Engineering, Bengaluru, IndiaRahul Dubey Coimbatore Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, IndiaP. V. Durge Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Akola,IndiaAjoy K. Dutta Production Engineering Department, Jadavpur University, Kolkata,IndiaNidhi Ekka Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Guru GhasidasVishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, IndiaAsma Farheen Department of Telecommunication, R.V College of Engineering,Bengaluru, IndiaQazi Fasihuddin Department of ECE, VFSTR University, Guntur, AndhraPradesh, IndiaK. A. Fasila Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Muthoot Instituteof Science and Technology, Ernakulam, Kerala, India

List of Contributors xxxiii

V. S. Felix Enigo Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SSNCollege of Engineering, Chennai, IndiaManish Gaikwad Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, MH, IndiaA. Ganesan Department of EEE, RRASE College of Engineering, Chennai, IndiaAmal Ganesh Computer Science Department, Vidya Academy of Science andTechnology, Thrissur, IndiaAmit Kumar Garg ECE Department, DCRUST University, Sonipat, Haryana,IndiaRitu Garg Department of Computer Engineering, NIT Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra,IndiaV. Geetha Information Science and Engineering, RVCE, Bengaluru, IndiaB. Geethanjali Department of Biomedical Engineering, SSN College ofEngineering, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaD. I. George Amalarethinam Department of Computer Science, Jamal MohamedCollege, Trichy, IndiaArchana S. Ghotkar Computer Engineering, Pune Institute of ComputerTechnology, Pune, IndiaSukhpal Singh Gill Cloud Computing and Distributed Systems (CLOUDS)Laboratory, School of Computing and Information Systems, The University ofMelbourne, Melbourne, AustraliaN. Girish BMS College of Engineering, Bangalore, IndiaM. Gobi Department of Computer Science, Chikkanna Government Arts College,Tripur, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDinesh Gopal Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, MahendraEngineering College, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, IndiaChandrashekhar Goswami Department of Computer Science and Engineering,K L University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, IndiaSharvari Govilkar Department of Computer Engineering, Pillai College ofEngineering, University of Mumbai, Navi Mumbai, IndiaR. Gunasundari Department of Information Technology, Karpagam Academy ofHigher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, IndiaArbind Gupta Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bengaluru, IndiaGovind P. Gupta Department of Information Technology, National Institute ofTechnology, Raipur, C.G., IndiaTarun Gupta ECE Department, DCRUST University, Sonipat, Haryana, IndiaR. Guru Roja Department of Information Technology, Thiagarajar College ofEngineering, Madurai, IndiaS. P. Guruprasad Department of ECE, Jain University, Bangalore, IndiaH. N. Harinath IoT Lab, BMS Institute of Technology and Management,Bengaluru, Karnataka, IndiaK. V. Harini Department of CSE, SNS College of Engineering, Coimbatore,Tamil Nadu, India

xxxiv List of Contributors

S. A. Hariprasad Jain University, Bengaluru, IndiaAchampet Harshavardhan Guru Nanak Institution of Technology, Hyderabad,IndiaS. Harshini Department of CSE, SNS College of Engineering, Coimbatore, TamilNadu, IndiaD. Harshitha Department of CSE, NMIT, Bangalore, IndiaSable Hema Electronics and Telecommunication, MGMCET Kamothe, NaviMumbai, IndiaVidya Honguntikar Department of ECE, VTU, Belgaum, Karnataka, IndiaP. V. Hunagund Department of Applied Electronics, Gulbarga University,Gulbarga, IndiaVrushali D. Ichake Department of Electronics and Telecommunication, Pune,IndiaK. Indira Department of IT, TCE, Madurai, IndiaK. P. Indulekha Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, IndiaAnam Iqbal School of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Jamia Hamdard,New Delhi, IndiaKamatchi Iyer CSE, Amity School of Engineering and Technology, Mumbai,IndiaJ. Jabez School of Computing/ECE, Sathyabama Institute of Science andTechnology, Chennai, IndiaAshay Jadhav Maharashtra Institute of Technology, Pune, IndiaMahir Jain Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Instituteof Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangalore, IndiaPritesh Jain CSE, Patel College of Science and Technology, Indore, IndiaP. Janani Veltech University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaD. Jayadevappa JSS Academy of Technical Education, Bangalore, Karnataka,IndiaDrishya Jayan Department of Telecommunication, DSCE, Bengaluru, IndiaN. Jayapandian Department of Computer Science and Engineering, CHRIST(Deemed to be University), Bangalore, IndiaG. Jayasree Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, NationalInstitute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, IndiaV. Jeevika Tharini Department of Computer Science, Bharathiar University,Coimbatore, IndiaA. Jesudoss Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, IndiaJisha John Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Mar BaseliosCollege of Engineering and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, IndiaJeexson Jose Department of Computer Science and Engineering, MuthootInstitute of Technology and Science, Ernakulam, India

List of Contributors xxxv

Kartik Joshi Army Institute of Technology, Dighi Hills, Pune, Maharashtra, IndiaUrmik Joshi Comp. Department, JSPM’s RSCOE, Tathawade, IndiaGanesh Kadam Department of Electronics and Telecommunication, Pune, IndiaSandip A. Kale Trinity College of Engineering and Research, Pune, IndiaShrutika Kale Department of Computer Engineering, PCE, University ofMumbai, Navi Mumbai, IndiaUrmila Kalshetti Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, MH, IndiaM. D. Kamalesh School of Computing, Sathyabama Institute of Science andTechnology, Chennai, IndiaSudhir S. Kanade Department of Electronics and Telecommunication College ofEngineering, Osmanabad, Maharashtra, IndiaLavish Kansal Electronics and Communication Engineering, Lovely ProfessionalUniversity, Phagwara, Punjab, IndiaAmitava Kar Department of Computer Application, Asansol EngineeringCollege, Asansol, IndiaB. S. Kariyappa ECE Department, R V College of Engineering, VTU University,Belgaum, IndiaK. Kartheeban Department of CSE, Kalasalingam Academy of Research andEducation, Krishnankoil, Tamilnadu, IndiaG. Karthik Reddy Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,College of Engineering, Osmania University, Hyderabad, IndiaV. M. Vikhash Karthik Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,Amrita School of Enginnering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, IndiaRakesh Katariya SS Agrawal Institue of Engineering and Technology, Navsari,Gujarat, IndiaTanmay Kathane Department of Computer Science and Engineering, GuruGhasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, IndiaGurpreet Kaur Electronics and Communication Engineering, LovelyProfessional University, Phagwara, Punjab, IndiaNavjot Kaur Electronics and Communication Engineering, Lovely ProfessionalUniversity, Phagwara, Punjab, IndiaC. R. Kavitha Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Amrita Schoolof Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Bengaluru, IndiaS. Kavitha Department of Computer Science, Saradha Gangadharan College,Pondicherry, IndiaB. Kedarnath Guru Nanak Institution of Technology, Hyderabad, IndiaTabeen Afzal Khan Department of CSE, SEST, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi,IndiaZ. J. Khan R.C.E.R.T, Chandrapur, Chandrapur, IndiaAnil Khatak Department of BME, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana, IndiaAshutosh Khetmalis Comp. Department, JSPM’s RSCOE, Tathawade, IndiaSourabh Khujat College of Engineering, Pune, Pune, India

xxxvi List of Contributors

Shrikant H. Koppad Department of MCA, Rashtreeya Vidyalaya College ofEngineering, Bengaluru, IndiaRohit Kosamkar Department of Electronics Engineering, Lokmanya TilakCollege of Engineering, Navi Mumbai, IndiaC. S. Krishna Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Amrita Schoolof Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Bengaluru, IndiaPiyush Kulkarni Department of Computer Engineering, Vishwakarma Institute ofTechnology, Pune, IndiaSwati Kulkarni Department of Applied Electronics, Gulbarga University,Gulbarga, IndiaAmish Kumar Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Maulana AzadNational Institute of Technology (MANIT), Bhopal, IndiaAnil Kumar Computer Science Department, MUST, Lakshmangarh, IndiaAnuj Kumar Department of Computer Science, Gurukul KangriVishwavidyalaya, Haridwar, UK, IndiaHemant Kumar Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology, New Delhi, IndiaManoj Kumar USICT, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi,IndiaS. Anupama Kumar Department of MCA, Rashtreeya Vidyalaya College ofEngineering, Bengaluru, IndiaS. Britto Ramesh Kumar Department of Computer Science, St. Joseph’s College,Trichy, IndiaSreedhi Deleep Kumar Computer Science Department, Vidya Academy ofScience and Technology, Thrissur, IndiaParveen Kumari Jagannath University, Jhajjar, Haryana, IndiaSangeeta Kumari Department of Information Technology, National Institute ofTechnology, Raipur, C.G., IndiaSangeeta Kumari Department of Computer Engineering, Vishwakarma Instituteof Technology, Pune, IndiaUma Kumari Computer Science Department, MUST, Lakshmangarh, IndiaBineeth Kuriakose Department of Computer Science and Engineering, MuthootInstitute of Technology and Science, Ernakulam, IndiaL. Lakshmanan Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, IndiaM. Lakshmi Institute of Science and Technology, Sathyabama Institute of Scienceand Technology, Chennai, IndiaB. Lavanya Department of Computer Science, University of Madras, Chennai,IndiaL. Logeshwari PG & Research Department of Computer Science, Quaid -E-Millath Govt College for Women (Auto), Chennai, IndiaHarish M. B. Department of ECE, NMAMIT, Nitte, IndiaC. Madhan Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Amrita Schoolof Enginnering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, India

List of Contributors xxxvii

P. Madhumathy DSATM, Bengaluru, IndiaC. V. Madhusudan Reddy Department of Computer Science Engineering,JBREC, Hyderabad, IndiaS. P. Mahajan College of Engineering, Pune, Pune, IndiaV. Mahesh Department of Biomedical Engineering, SSN College of Engineering,Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaM. Mahithaa Sree School of Computing, Sathyabama Institute of Science andTechnology, Chennai, IndiaEkta Maini Dayananda Sagar University, Bengaluru, IndiaBharathi Malakreddy IoT Lab, BMS Institute of Technology and Management,Bengaluru, Karnataka, IndiaB. Malarkodi Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, IndiaS. Malathi PG and Research Department of Computer Science, Quaid-E-MillathGovernment College for Women (Autonomous), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaJyoteesh Malhotra Department of Electronics, GNDU RC Jalandhar, Jalandhar,Punjab, IndiaR. Ruba Mangala Department of Computer Science, Alagappa University,Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, IndiaM. S. K. Manikandan Department of Electronics and CommunicationEngineering, Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai, IndiaP. S. N. V. V. Sai Manindra Department of Electronics and CommunicationEngineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AmritaUniversity, Coimbatore, IndiaH. R. Manjunath Alva’s Institute of Engineering and Technology, Moodbidri,Karnataka, IndiaPhalguna D. Mankar Department of ECE, PES University, Bengaluru, IndiaM. Manohar Department of Computer Science Engineering, JBREC, Hyderabad,IndiaF. Margret Sharmila Department of CSE, SNS College of Engineering,Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, IndiaVarghese Mathai Department of Computer Science and Engineering, MuthootInstitute of Technology and Science, Ernakulam, IndiaAjay Mathur Department of Computer Science, Government PolytechnicCollege, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, IndiaPridhvi Krishna Meduri Army Institute of Technology, Dighi Hills, Pune,Maharashtra, IndiaMeenakshi Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Nitte MeenakshiInstitute of Technology, Bangalore, IndiaV. Meghana Cisco Systems India Pvt Ltd., Bengaluru, India; Mu Sigma BusinessSolutions, Bengaluru, India; Ericsson, Bengaluru, India

xxxviii List of Contributors

Somesh Mehta Army Institute of Technology, Dighi Hills, Pune, Maharashtra,IndiaNaveena Reddy Mettu Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Amrita School of Engineering, Bengaluru, India; Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham,Coimbatore, IndiaManisha R. Mhetre Department of Instrumentation, Vishwakarma Institute ofTechnology, Pune, IndiaAmit Mishra Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jodhpur Instituteof Engineering and Technology, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, IndiaSandeep Mishra Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,Indian Institute of Information Technology Pune, Sudumbare, IndiaUday P. Mithapalli MIT Academy of Engineering, Pune, IndiaVarun Modani Department of Computer Engineering, Vishwakarma Institute ofTechnology, Pune, IndiaN. Mohana Sundaram Department of Computer Science Engineering, KarpagamAcademy of Higher Education, (Deemed to be University), Coimbatore, IndiaSasmita Mohapatra Department of ECE, Sapthagiri College of Engineering,Bangalore, IndiaMoumita Mondal Jadavpur University, Kolkata, IndiaV. Monika Department of ECE, Jeppiaar Maamallan Engineering College,Chennai, IndiaA. Mridula Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Amrita School ofEngineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Bengaluru, IndiaRakeash Mukati CSE, Patel College of Science and Technology, Indore, IndiaPriyanka Muniyandi Research Department of Computer Science, Quaid -E-Millath Government College for Women, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaVinayak Musale Department of Computer Science and Engineering, GovernmentCollege of Engineering, Amravati, Maharashtra, IndiaS. Muthukumar Department of ECE, Adithya Institute of Technology,Coimbatore, IndiaP. Nagarajan Sree Vidyanikethan Engineering College, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh,IndiaV. Nagarajan Department of ECE, Adhiparasakthi Engineering College,Melmaruvathur, IndiaDarshana A. Naik Department of CSE, MSRIT, Bangalore, IndiaRahul Vasant Nale VLSI and ESD, Vel Tech University, Chennai, IndiaK. Namana Shenoy Department of Telecommunication, DSCE, Bengaluru, IndiaB. Namitha Cisco Systems India Pvt Ltd., Bengaluru, India; Mu Sigma BusinessSolutions, Bengaluru, India; Ericsson, Bengaluru, IndiaArya Narayanan Department of Information Technology, GovernmentEngineering College Idukki, Idukki, Kerala, India

List of Contributors xxxix

Jayapandian Natarajan Department of Computer Science and Engineering,CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Bangalore, IndiaS. Natrajan Department of ECE, Veltech University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaBeema Naushad Department of Computer Science and Engineering, ICET,Muvattupuzha, IndiaG. Naveen Balaji SNS College of Technology, Coimbatore, IndiaC. M. Naveen Kumar Department of E&I Engineering, Malnad College ofEngineering, Hassan, Karnataka, IndiaNarem Navya Department of Computer Science and Engineering, CHRIST(Deemed to Be University), Bangalore, IndiaP. Nayana Prabha Department of Computer Science and Engineering, ICET,Muvattupuzha, IndiaP. C. Neelakantan Adi Shankara Institute of Engineering and Technology,Kalady, IndiaL. Nirmala Devi Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,College of Engineering, Osmania University, Hyderabad, IndiaK. Nisha Jose Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SreeChithra Thirunal College of Engineering, Trivandrum, Kerala, IndiaK. K. Nithya Department of IT, Government Engineering College, Idukki, Kerala,IndiaC. Nivya Johny Department of Information Technology Idukki, GovernmentEngineering College, Idukki, Kerala, IndiaShreya Oswal Department of Computer Engineering, Vishwakarma Institute ofTechnology, Pune, IndiaP. Pabitha Department of Computer Technology, Madras Institute of Technology,Anna University, Chennai, IndiaB. Padmaja Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Schoolof Engineering and Technology, Jain University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, IndiaA. Padmapriya Department of Computer Science, Alagappa University,Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, IndiaG. Parameshappa JSS Academy of Technical Education, Bangalore, IndiaAakash Parmar SS Agrawal Institue of Engineering and Technology, Navsari,Gujarat, IndiaRonak R. Patel Information Technology Department, SPCE, Gandhinagar,Gujarat, IndiaSatvik Patel Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Computer Science andEngineering, Parul University, Waghodia, IndiaSwachil J. Patel Computer Engineering Department, SPCE, Gandhinagar,Gujarat, IndiaVatsal Patel SS Agrawal Institue of Engineering and Technology, Navsari,Gujarat, India

xl List of Contributors

Manjunath K. Patgar Department of Electronics and Communication, BVBCET,Hubballi, IndiaHeman Pathak Department of Computer Science, Gurukul KangriVishwavidyalaya, Haridwar, UK, IndiaRajita Pathak Department of Computer Science, Babu Banarasi Das University,Lucknow, Lucknow, IndiaMeenakshi Patil Department of ECE, PDACEG, Gulbarga, Karnataka, IndiaSoumya Patil Department of Electronics and Communication, BVBCET,Hubballi, IndiaSpoorty S. Patil Department of Computer Science and Engineering, PoojyaDodappa Appa College of Engineering, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, IndiaVarsha H. Patil MCERC, Nashik, IndiaChandra Patra Department of ECE, Jeppiaar Maamallan Engineering College,Chennai, IndiaA. C. Pavankumar Electronics and Communication Department, BVBCET,Hubballi, IndiaUmasankar Periasamy Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,Mahendra Engineering College, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, IndiaMohana Periyasamy Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,Government Polytechnic College, Palacode, Dharmapuri, Tamil Nadu, IndiaSneha Ann Philip Department of ECE, Karunya Institute of Technology andSciences, Coimbatore, IndiaS. L. Pinjare Department of ECE, NITTE Meenakshi Institute of Technology,Bangalore, IndiaNitish Polke Computer Engineering Department, Vishwakarma Institutes ofTechnology, Pune, IndiaS. Ponmagal Department of CSE, Dr. MGR Educational and Research Institute,Chennai, IndiaR. Ponnusamy Department of CSE, CVR College of Engineering, Hyderabad,Telungana, IndiaS. Pooja Alva’s Institute of Engineering and Technology, Moodbidri, Karnataka,IndiaE. Prabhu Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, AmritaSchool of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita University,Coimbatore, IndiaK. Prabu Department of CS, Sudharsan College of Arts and Science, Pudukkottai,IndiaK. Pradeep Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SathyabamaInstitute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India; Department ofInformation Technology, St. Joseph’s College of Engineering, Chennai, Tamilnadu,India

List of Contributors xli

Andrea Prakash Department of Computer Science and Engineering, CHRIST(Deemed to Be University), Bangalore, IndiaPragati Prakash Department of Computer Science and Engineering, GuruGhasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, IndiaPrajwal Prakash Department of ECE, PES University, Bengaluru, IndiaG. Prasanthi Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SSN College ofEngineering, Chennai, IndiaC. Benin Pratap Department of EEE, Karunya Institute of Technology andSciences, Coimbatore, IndiaM. Vishnu Prathap Department of IT, Government Engineering College, Idukki,Kerala, IndiaA. N. Praveen Department of Information Technology, Government EngineeringCollege Idukki, Idukki, Kerala, IndiaA. Pravin Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SathyabamaInstitute of Science and Technology, Chennai, IndiaS. Prayla Shyry School of Computing, Sathyabama Institute of Science andTechnology, Chennai, IndiaT. Prem Jacob Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SathyabamaInstitute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, IndiaK. G. Priyanka Department of Telecommunication, R.V College of Engineering,Bengaluru, IndiaRajendra Purohit Department of Computer Science and Engineering, JodhpurInstitute of Engineering and Technology, Jodhpur, IndiaN. Puviarasan Department of Computer and Information Science, AnnamalaiUniversity, Chidambaram, IndiaB. Raga Ravali Department of ECE, Coimbatore Institute of Technology,Coimbatore, IndiaU. Ragavendran SVKM’s NMIMS MPSTME, Shirpur, Maharashtra, IndiaP. J. P. Rahul Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, AmritaSchool of Enginnering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, IndiaVinay Rai Department of Electronics Engineering, Lokmanya Tilak College ofEngineering, Navi Mumbai, IndiaP. Cyril Prasanna Raj MS Engineering College, Bangalore, Karnataka, IndiaS. Raja Ratna Department of CSE, V V College of Engineering, Tisaiyanvilai,IndiaLaxmi Raja Karpagam Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, IndiaA. Rajaiah Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, JBREC,Hyderabad, IndiaA. Rajasekaran Department of ECE, SCSVMV University, Kanchipuram, India

xlii List of Contributors

G. M. Rajathi Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SriRamakrishna Engineering College, Coimbatore, IndiaM. Rajesh Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Amrita School ofEngineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Bengaluru, IndiaR. S. Rajesh Department of Computer Science and Engineering, ManonmaniamSundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, IndiaHarish Rajurkar Rajiv Gandhi College of Engineering Research andTechnology, Chandrapur, IndiaN. Rakesh Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Amrita School ofEngineering, Bengaluru, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Bengaluru, IndiaG. Rama Mohan Reddy Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, IndiaA. C. Ramachandra Department of Computer Science and Engineering, NitteMeenakshi Institute of Technology, Bangalore, IndiaT. K. Ramesh Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,Amrita School of Engineering, Bengaluru, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham,Bengaluru, IndiaSagar Rane Army Institute of Technology, Dighi Hills, Pune, Maharashtra, IndiaRangaraj Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, AnnamalaiUniversity, Chidambaram, Tamilnadu, IndiaAmitkumar Ranit Department of Civil Engineering, PRMCEAM, Amravati,IndiaKruthi Vaseeshwar Rao Department of Electronics and CommunicationEngineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AmritaUniversity, Coimbatore, IndiaT. K. Ratheesh Department of Information Technology, Government EngineeringCollege, Idukki, Painavu, Kerala, IndiaRevathy K. Ravi Department of Information Technology, GovernmentEngineering College, Idukki, Painavu, Kerala, IndiaTeja Reddy IoT Lab, BMS Institute of Technology and Management, Bengaluru,Karnataka, IndiaPooja Redekar Department of Computer Engineering, PCE, New Panvel, IndiaRekha Department of Computer Engineering, NIT Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra,IndiaK. R. Remesh Babu Department of Information Technology, GovernmentEngineering College, Idukki, Kerala, IndiaA. Reshma Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SriRamakrishna Engineering College, Coimbatore, IndiaE. U. Reshma Computer Science Department, Vidya Academy of Science andTechnology, Thrissur, IndiaHongal Rohini Electronics and Communication Department, BVBCET, Hubballi,India

List of Contributors xliii

M. S. Roobini Institute of Science and Technology, Sathyabama Institute ofScience and Technology, Chennai, IndiaR. Roopalakshmi Alva’s Institute of Engineering and Technology, Moodbidri,Karnataka, IndiaM. S. S. Rukmini Department of ECE, VFSTR University, Guntur, AndhraPradesh, IndiaP. S. Saarika Department of Electronics and Communication, NSS College ofEngineering, Palakkad, Kerala, IndiaSeethal Sadanandan Department of Computer Science and Engineering, MuthootInstitute of Science and Technology, Ernakulam, Kerala, IndiaH. Sai Srujan Department of ECE, GMR Institute of Technology, Razam, IndiaK. V. S. S. S. S. Sairam Department of ECE, NMAMIT, Nitte, IndiaKiran Salunke SVKM’s NMIMS MPSTME, Shirpur, Maharashtra, IndiaDuney D. Sam New Horizon College of Engineering, Bangalore, Karnataka, IndiaV. Saminadan Department of ECE, Pondicherry Engineering College,Puducherry, IndiaNalini Sampath Department of Computer Science and Engineering, AmritaSchool of Engineering Bengaluru, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore,IndiaNalini Sampath Department of Computer Science and Engineering, AmritaSchool of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Bengaluru, IndiaMakrand Samvatsar CSE, Patel College of Science and Technology, Indore,IndiaR. S. Sandhya Devi Department of EEE, Kumaraguru College of Technology,Coimbatore, IndiaK. Sandhya Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, NSSCollege of Engineering, Palakkad, Kerala, IndiaC. Santhiya Department of IT, TCE, Madurai, IndiaHimali Sarangal PTU Kapurthala, Kapurthala, Punjab, IndiaM. Saranya School of Computing, Sathyabama Institute of Science andTechnology, Chennai, IndiaM. Saravanabalaji EIE Department, Kumaraguru College of Technology,Coimbatore, IndiaU. Saravanakumar Vel Tech, Chennai, IndiaSagnik Sen Sarma Department of Computer Engineering, Vishwakarma Instituteof Technology, Pune, IndiaSmita Sarma Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,National Institute of Technology Meghalaya, Shillong, IndiaG. Sasibhushana Rao Department of E.C.E, AU College of Engineering,Visakhapatnam, IndiaT. Sasikala Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Amrita School ofEngineering, Bengaluru, India; Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, India

xliv List of Contributors

T. Sasikala Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Amrita School ofEngineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Bengaluru, IndiaG. Sathesh Kumar Department of ECE, Pondicherry Engineering College,Puducherry, IndiaS. Sathish Kumar Department of ECE, Adithya Institute of Technology,Coimbatore, IndiaN. Sathya Priya Department of ECE, Adithya Institute of Technology,Coimbatore, IndiaP. Sathya Priya Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita University,Coimbatore, IndiaK. Satya Prasad Viziayanagram, KL University, Vizayawada, IndiaAlka P. Sawlikar Department of Electronics Engineering, R.C.E.R.T,Chandrapur, Chandrapur, IndiaS. Seema Department of CSE, MSRIT, Bangalore, IndiaAbhey Sehrawat Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology, New Delhi, IndiaS. Selvi Department of Computer Science, PSG College of Arts and Science,Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, IndiaS. Senthil School of Computer Science and Applications, REVA University,Bengaluru, IndiaApurva Shah M. S. University, Vadodara, IndiaVatsalkumar Shah Computer Science and Engineering Department,M. S. University, Vadodara, IndiaAsma A. Shaikh Amity School of Engineering and Technology, Mumbai, IndiaAshitha Shaji Department of Computer Science and Engineering, MuthootInstitute of Science and Technology, Ernakulam, Kerala, IndiaPurva Sharma Department of Computer Science and Engineering, JodhpurInstitute of Engineering and Technology, Jodhpur, IndiaAjit Shedge Department of Electronics Engineering, Lokmanya Tilak College ofEngineering, Navi Mumbai, IndiaP. S. Sheeba Department of Electronics Engineering, Lokmanya Tilak College ofEngineering, Navi Mumbai, IndiaRajalakshmi Shenbaga Moorthy Department of Computer Science andEngineering, St. Joseph’s Institute of Technology, Chennai, IndiaW. Sherine Mary Department of ECE, Adithya Institute of Technology,Coimbatore, IndiaAnanthi Sheshasaayee PG and Research Department of Computer Science,Quaid-E-Millath Government College for Women (Autonomous), Chennai, TamilNadu, IndiaRajashekhar B. Shettar Department of Electronics and Communication,BVBCET, Hubballi, India

List of Contributors xlv

Pooja T. Shetty Alva’s Institute of Engineering and Technology, Moodbidri,Karnataka, IndiaG. Shine Let Department of ECE, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences,Coimbatore, IndiaG. Shivakumar Department of E&I Engineering, Malnad College of Engineering,Hassan, Karnataka, IndiaK. S. Shivaprakasha Department of E&CE, N. M. A. M. Institute of Technology,Nitte, Karkala, Karnataka, IndiaValasani Usha Shree Department of Electronics and CommunicationEngineering, JBREC, Hyderabad, IndiaR. Shreyas Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Schoolof Engineering and Technology, Jain University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, IndiaV. Shruthip Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Amrita Schoolof Enginnering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, IndiaM. Siddappa Sri Siddhartha Academy of Higher Education, Tumakuru, IndiaFarheen Siddiqui Department of CSE, School of Engineering Sciences andTechnology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, IndiaK. Sijas Alva’s Institute of Engineering and Technology, Moodbidri, Karnataka,IndiaV. Sindhu Department of ECE, Adi Shankara Institute of Engineering andTechnology, Kalady, IndiaAbhinav Singh CloudxLab Inc., Bangalore, IndiaAmarpal Singh Department of ECE, KCET, Amritsar, Punjab, IndiaChandra Singh Department of ECE, NMAMIT, Nitte, IndiaGeetika Singh Department of CSE, MSRIT, Bangalore, IndiaGurdit Singh Punjab Engineering College, Chandigarh, IndiaIndrasen Singh Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, IndiaNeharika Singh Computer Engineering, PCE, Mumbai University, Navi Mumbai,IndiaNiraj Pratap Singh Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, IndiaPrashant Singh Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, MH, IndiaSugandha Singh CSE Department, G.H. Raisoni College of Engineering, Nagpur,IndiaSuraj Singh Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Instituteof Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangalore, IndiaUpendra Singh CSE, Patel College of Science and Technology, Indore, IndiaAditya Kumar Sinha CDAC, Pune, IndiaP. Sinthia Department of EIE, Saveetha Engineering College, Chennai, IndiaSumedha Sirsikar Maharashtra Institute of Technology, Pune, India

xlvi List of Contributors

P. Sivakumar Department of EEE, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore,IndiaC. Sivamathi Department of Computer Science, Bharathiar University,Coimbatore, IndiaSanjeev Sofat Punjab Engineering College, Chandigarh, IndiaShridevi Soma Department of Computer Science and Engineering, PoojyaDodappa Appa College of Engineering, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, IndiaShruthi Sreedharan Department of Computer Science and Engineering, AmritaSchool of Engineering, Bengaluru, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Bengaluru, IndiaS. Sreelakshmi Department of Computer Science and Engineering, MuthootInstitute of Science and Technology, Ernakulam, Kerala, IndiaG. M. Sreerama Reddy Department of ECE, CBIT, Kolar, IndiaB. Sreevidya Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Amrita Schoolof Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Bengaluru, IndiaT. Sri Sudha Department of E.C.E, CMR Technical Campus, Hyderabad, IndiaRoyyuru Srikanth Department of Computer Science Engineering, JBREC,Hyderabad, IndiaCh. Srinivasa Rao University College of Engineering, Hyderabad, IndiaShruti Srivastava Department of Computer Engineering, Pillai College ofEngineering, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, IndiaShubham Srivastava CDAC, Pune, IndiaV. Srividhya Department of EEE, Meenakshi College of Engineering, Chennai,IndiaMariya Stephen Department of Computer Science and Engineering, MuthootInstitute of Science and Technology, Ernakulam, Kerala, IndiaR. Subashini Department of Biomedical Engineering, SSN College ofEngineering, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaT. Sudha NSS College of Engineering, Palakkad, Kerala, IndiaA. Sudhakar Department of ECE, GMR Institute of Technology, Razam, IndiaM. Sugumaran Department of Computer Science and Engineering, PondicherryEngineering College, Puducherry, IndiaK. Sujatha Department of EEE, Center for Electronics, Automation and IndustrialResearch (CEAIR), Dr. MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, IndiaS. Sujitha Department of Information Technology, Thiagarajar College ofEngineering, Madurai, IndiaParveen Sultanah School of Computer Science and Engineering, VIT University,Vellore, Tamilnadu, IndiaM. R. Suma DSCE, Bengaluru, IndiaG. Sumathi Department of IT, Kalasalingam Institute of Technology,Krishnankoil, Tamilnadu, IndiaM. P. Sunil Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Schoolof Engineering and Technology, Jain University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

List of Contributors xlvii

C. Sunitha Computer Science Department, Vidya Academy of Science andTechnology, Thrissur, IndiaLinny Sunny Department of Information Technology, Government EngineeringCollege, Idukki, Idukki, Kerala, IndiaP. S. N. Suryavamsi School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, VITUniversity, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaS. Swapna Kumar Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,Vidya Academy of Science and Technology, Thrissur, IndiaK. Tanuja Coimbatore Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, IndiaTeklay Teklu Department of Information Technology, College of Engineeringand Technology, Adigrat University, Adigrat, EthiopiaPranav Thakur Department of Electronics Engineering, Lokmanya Tilak Collegeof Engineering, Navi Mumbai, IndiaSimrandeep Singh Thapar Department of Computer Applications, ACETAmritsar, Meharbanpur, Punjab, IndiaL. Thara Department of Computer Science, PSG College of Arts & Science,Research scholar of KAHE, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, IndiaN. Thillaiarasu SNS College of Engineering, Coimbatore, IndiaM. N. Thippeswamy Department of Computer Science and Engineering, NitteMeenakshi Institute of Technology, Bangalore, IndiaT. Thiruvenkadam Department of Information Technology, College ofEngineering and Technology, Adigrat University, Adigrat, EthiopiaSurya Susan Thomas PG & Research Department of Computer Science,Quaid-E-Millath Government College for Women, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaNamita Tiwari Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Maulana AzadNational Institute of Technology (MANIT), Bhopal, IndiaSharda Tiwari Department of Computer Science, Babu Banarasi Das University,Lucknow, IndiaAbrar Ul Haq Department of EEE, Presidency University, Bangalore, IndiaV. Ulagamuthalvi Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai,IndiaP. Ullas Department of E&CE, P. E. S. College of Engineering Mandya, Mandya,Karnataka, IndiaB. Uma Maheswari Department of Computer Science and Engineering, AmritaSchool of Engineering, Bengaluru, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Bengaluru, IndiaSyed Umar Department of Computer Science Engineering, JBREC, Hyderabad,IndiaUmasoni Computer Science Department, MUST, Lakshmangarh, IndiaPratheek S. Upadhyaya Department of ECE, PES University, Bengaluru, IndiaM. Vadivukarassi Department of Computer Science and Engineering, AnnamalaiUniversity, Chidambaram, India

xlviii List of Contributors

Brijesh Vala Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Computer Science andEngineering, Parul University, Waghodia, IndiaR. M. Vani University Science Instrumentation Centre, Gulbarga University,Gulbarga, IndiaPriyanka Vanke Software Engineering, RVCE, Bengaluru, IndiaH. M. Veda Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, IndiaM. B. Veena BMS College of Engineering, Bangalore, IndiaM. R. M. Veeramanickam Department of Computer Science Engineering,Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, (Deemed to be University), Coimbatore,India; Department of Computer Science Engineering, Vignan’s Institute ofInformation Technology(A), Duvvada, Visakhapatnam, IndiaP. Venkataramana Sree Vidyanikethan Engineering College, Tirupati, AndhraPradesh, IndiaBondu Venkateswarlu Dayananda Sagar University, Bengaluru, IndiaAryan S. Verma Department of Instrumentation, Vishwakarma Institute ofTechnology, Pune, IndiaSiddhant Verma CDAC, Pune, IndiaP. Vijai Babu Department of EEE, Dr. MGR Educational and Research Institute,Chennai, IndiaL. Vijay Mani Shankar Department of Biomedical Engineering, SSN College ofEngineering, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaB. T. Vijay Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, NationalInstitute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, IndiaA. Vijaya Kumar Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, IndiaG. Vijaya Department of CSE, Kalasalingam Institute of Technology,Krishnankoil, Tamilnadu, IndiaT. Vijayakumar Guru Nanak Institution of Technology, Hyderabad, IndiaA. Vijayakumari Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, AmritaSchool of Enginnering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, IndiaJ. Vijayalakshmi Department of CS, Sudharsan College of Arts and Science,Pudukkottai, IndiaS. Vijayarani Department of Computer Science, Bharathiar University,Coimbatore, IndiaN. Vithyalakshmi Sree Vidyanikethan Engineering College, Tirupati, AndhraPradesh, IndiaK. Vivek Raj Department of Telecommunication, DSCE, Bengaluru, IndiaGurpreet Singh Wander Department of Cardiology, Hero Heart Institute,Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India

List of Contributors xlix

Mu Lin Wong School of Computer Science and Applications, REVA University,Bengaluru, IndiaAkshit Yadav Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology, New Delhi, IndiaNishi Yadav Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Guru GhasidasVishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, IndiaT. R. Yashavantha Kumar Department of ECE, REVA University, Bangalore,India; Government Engineering College, Haveri, India

l List of Contributors