LECTURE 1: INTRODUCTION TO RAN

PREPARED BY:MOHD ‘ARIFF BIN ABDUL JALIL

B. ENG. (AEROSPACE)(HONS) - IIUMAVIATION MANAGEMENT COLLEGE

RADIO AIDS & NAVIGATIONAL SYSTEM

Lesson Timeline

4 CREDIT HOURS 7 Weeks in March Semester 11 LECTURES TO BE COVERED Midterm Exam on 18th April 2011 Midterm Examination will be up to LECTURE

6 Gantt Chart

RADIO AIDS AND NAVIGATIONAL SYSTEMS : RAN 2204

FULL CARRY MARKS - RESULTS

Attendance: 5% Mid Term Test: 10% Public Speaking: 10% Assignment: 15% Final Exam: 60% TOTAL: 100%

RADIO AIDS AND NAVIGATIONAL SYSTEMS : RAN 2204

AMC GRADING SCALE

Mark Grade Grade Points

(80–100) A 4.00

(75-79) A- 3.67

(70-74) B+ 3.33

(65-69) B 3.00

(60-64) B- 2.67

(55-59) C+ 2.33

(50-54) C 2.00

(45-49) C- 1.33

(40-44) D 1.00

(0-39) F 0.00

RADIO AIDS AND NAVIGATIONAL SYSTEMS : RAN 2204

GPA CALCULATION

Credit Hours Grade Grade Points

3 B (3.00) 9.00

3 B (3.00) 9.00

4 B (3.00) 12.00

4 B (3.00) 12.00

Total Cr Hrs: 14 GPA 42/14=3.00

RADIO AIDS AND NAVIGATIONAL SYSTEMS : RAN 2204

Course Outlines

Lecture 1: Introduction to RAN Lecture 2: Radio Theory Lecture 3: Automatic Direction Finder (ADF) &

Non Directional Beacon (NDB) Lecture 4: VHF Omni Directional Range (VOR) Lecture 5: Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) Lecture 6: RADAR Lecture 7: Global Positioning System (GPS) Lecture 8: Instrument Landing System (ILS &

MLS) Lecture 9: Global Proximity Warning System

(GPWS) Lecture 10: Traffic Collision Avoidance System

(TCAS) Lecture 11: Approach Lightings System (ALS)

RADIO AIDS AND NAVIGATIONAL SYSTEMS : RAN 2204

Course Outline

Objective and OutcomeRADIO AIDS AND NAVIGATIONAL SYSTEMS : RAN 2204

MOTIVATIONAL QUOTESRADIO AIDS AND NAVIGATIONAL SYSTEMS : RAN 2204

Learning Outcomes

At the end of this lecture, the student should be able to: Define Navigation Describe basic methods use for navigation List navigational aids system for aircraft

during departure, en-route and approach.

RADIO AIDS AND NAVIGATIONAL SYSTEMS : RAN 2204

INTRODUCTIONRADIO AIDS AND NAVIGATIONAL SYSTEMS : RAN 2204

Do you know what is this subject is all about?

RADIO AIDS & NAVIGATIONAL SYSTEMS??

INTRODUCTIONRADIO AIDS AND NAVIGATIONAL SYSTEMS : RAN 2204

What is NAVIGATION?

Navigation: The process of plan and direct the route of aircraft by using MAPS or NAVIGATIONAL AID SYSTEMS.

Air Navigation – The action of plotting and directing the route of an aircraft through the air from one place to another. Adapted from the United States Air Force

Dictionary.

RADIO AIDS AND NAVIGATIONAL SYSTEMS : RAN 2204

Objectives of navigation

Know your position Efficient use of fuel Maintain a flight schedule Avoid other air traffic Avoid ground-to-air missiles Minimize exposure to enemy

radar

RADIO AIDS AND NAVIGATIONAL SYSTEMS : RAN 2204

1927: Charles LindberghFirst flying across the Atlantic ocean

(New York-Paris) using the Spirit of St. Louis

His journey cover 5,815km and took about 33 and 1/2 hours. Fly without

any navigation instruments

Ways of Navigation

There are three common ways for aircraft navigation. PILOTAGE DEAD RECKONING RADIO NAVIGATION

RADIO AIDS AND NAVIGATIONAL SYSTEMS : RAN 2204

Pilotage Pilotage: navigation by reference to

landmarks or checkpoints Pilot uses a chart and flies from one visible

landmark to another. Requires relatively low altitudes so that

landmarks can be seen and recognized more easily

Advantages: easy to perform does not require special equipment

Disadvantages: direct course is usually impractical as it is often

necessary to follow a zigzag route to well-known landmarks, resulting in longer flights

Dead Reckoning

Dead Reckoning: navigation of an aircraft solely by means of computations based on time, airspeed, distance, and direction.

Advantages: straighter line courses possible

Disadvantages requires calculations prior to flight may be inaccurate as weather changes rapidly on

some cases More typically, a course is determined and flown by

calculations made from dead reckoning, and then backed up by pilotage during the flight

RADIO AIDS AND NAVIGATIONAL SYSTEMS : RAN 2204

Radio navigation

Radio navigation: the location of the airplane is determined by referring to instruments such as VOR, ADF, or GPS.

RADIO AIDS AND NAVIGATIONAL SYSTEMS : RAN 2204

Flight ProfileRADIO AIDS AND NAVIGATIONAL SYSTEMS : RAN 2204

Navigational Aids System

• For En-Route/Cruise, the navigational aids system are:• NDB (Non Directional Beacon) & ADF (Automatic Direction Finding)

• VOR (VHF Omni-directional Range)• DME (Distance Measuring Equipment)

• RADAR(Radio Detection & Ranging)• GPS(Global Positioning System)

RADIO AIDS AND NAVIGATIONAL SYSTEMS : RAN 2204

Navigational Aids System

• For Approach and Landing, the navigational aids system are:• ILS (Instrument Landing System)• MLS (Microwave Landing System)• ALS (Approach Lighting System)• RADAR(Radio Detection & Ranging)

RADIO AIDS AND NAVIGATIONAL SYSTEMS : RAN 2204

Instrumentation

Aircraft Installations: Indicator System in the Cockpit Aircraft’s Antenna

Ground Installations Ground Antenna

RADIO AIDS AND NAVIGATIONAL SYSTEMS : RAN 2204

Indicator System in the Cockpit

RADIO AIDS AND NAVIGATIONAL SYSTEMS : RAN 2204

Aircraft’s AntennaRADIO AIDS AND NAVIGATIONAL SYSTEMS : RAN 2204

Navigational Aid Systems

ILS

MLS

NDB

VOR

DME