Learning Objectives

• Know the definitions of Health and fitness

• Know the different components that make up Health

• Understand what these components are and how they help us in every day life and in sport.

• Understand the different somatotypes.

Health FitnessMuscular strength speed power

cardiovascular endurance flexibility agility

Balancemuscular endurance coordination

Body composition reaction time

State of complete, physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease.

The ability to meet the demands of the environment.

Components of Health

Health related exercise

Muscular strength

Muscular endurance

Body Composition

Cardiovascular endurance

Flexibility

Definitions• Cardiovascular endurance: The ability to

exercise the entire body for long periods of time.

• Muscular Strength: The amount of force a muscle can exert against a resistance.

• Muscular endurance: The ability to use voluntary muscles many times without getting tired

• Body Composition: The percentage of body weight, which is fat, muscle and bone.

• Flexibility: The range of movement possible at a joint

Cardiovascular Endurance

Important for health because if unchecked it could lead to High Blood pressure, heart attacks, strokes and death. Exercise can help maintain cardiovascular fitness.

Questions • What is the definition of cardiovascular

endurance?

• What body organs make up the cardiovascular system?

• If someone has a poor cardiovascular system what illnesses could they suffer?

• How can you maintain a good cardiovascular system?

Muscular strength

The greater the muscular strength the greater or the easier it is to lift, throw and carry heavy objects. This could be important for manual workers and for sportsmen/women. Can you think of an example of both where somebody might need muscular strength?

Muscular Endurance

Athletes like Julio Baptista need their muscles to be able to continue working throughout their game/event allowing them to maintain a high quality performance. This is the same for anyone in a job that requires them to keep moving all day. Can you think of a job which requires you to be working/walking all day?

Flexibility

An increase in flexibility can help prevent muscle injury it can also allow an athlete to perform better because they have the ability to stretch and reach for a ball that maybe otherwise out of reach. Good flexibility is important as it will help prevent joint and muscle injuries and maintain good muscle tone and posture in every day life.

BODY COMPOSITION/SOMATOTYPES

Somatotyping is a method of classifying people by their body shape. Your body type is something you are born with because it is genetically defined. Changing your diet taking part in exercise can remove fat and increase muscle mass BUT it can’t change your height or basic bone structure.

Endomorph• D is for dumpy characteristics of an endomorph

are:• Wide hips narrow shoulders.• Large Head.• Tendency to put on fat • Short tapering limbs• Round shape.

Mesomorph• M is for muscular, characteristics of a

mesomorph are• Broad shoulders and narrow hips.• Heavy chest• Muscular body• High proportion of muscle• Strong arms and legs.• Wedge shaped

EctomorphT is for tall and thin, characteristics of an ectomorph are:•Narrow shoulders and narrow hips.•Fragile delicate body.•Thin, narrow chest, abdomen and limbs•Very little muscle or body fat.•Thin straight rectangular shape

William Sheldon designed the system in which he categorised people according to their body shape. He then scored them out of 7 so for example

An extreme endomorph would be given a score 7,1,1

An extreme mesomorph would be given a score 1,7,1

An extreme Ectomorph would be given a score 1,1,7

An average person would be given a score of 4,3,3

Endomorph

Mesomorph

Ectomorph

Average Person

See if we can work out this persons somatotype score.

Mesomorph

Endomorph Ectomorph Theo Walcott

Consider his body shape and the characteristics of each of the somatotypes, discuss with the person sitting next to you and give him a score out of 7 for each of the categories starting with Endomorph, then mesomorph and finally ectomorph.

Endomorph Mesomorph Ectopmorh

1. Round in shape

2.

3.

4.

1. Muscular body

2.

3.

4.

1.Fragile and delicate frame

2.

3.

4.

Draw a table like this and add three characteristics that describe each of the somatotypes. Examples are provided

QUESTIONS• What component of Health would help someone

who has to lift and carry objects all day?• What component of health would you need to be

able to run a marathon?• Why is good flexibility important to a tennis player?• If your body shape was thin and small what

somatotype would you be and what sport would best suite your body shape.

• Dave wants to play rugby and be part of a team but he feels his size and weight is against him. How would you direct Dave if you was his PE teacher.

• Name a sports person of your choice and give him/her a somatotype score and decide which somatotype s/he is most like.

Learning Objectives

• Know the definitions of Health and fitness

• Know the different components that make up Health

• Understand what these components are and how they help us in every day life and in sport.

• Understand the different somatotypes.

• Can we answer yes to the above