LEARNING

Prof. K. Sivapalan

CHILDREN FOLLOW ADULTS.

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Why learn? ? To obtain certificate for jobs ?Financial benefits ?social recognition ?self benefits ?social benefits ?[justifying dominant persons needs] ?natural instinctual behaviour

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Reward and Punishment in Learning and Memory

Stimuli that cause neither of these are not remembered.

The limbic system has much to do with selecting the information to be learnt and thrown away.

About 99% of the input is thrown away and only 1% is learnt.

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Learning

Emotional and Logical Brains

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LEARNING A process that results in change of behavior. Learning is acquiring new knowledge,

behaviors, skills, values, preferences, understanding, and may involve synthesizing different types of information

Human learning may occur as part of education or personal development

It may be goal-oriented and may be aided by motivation

Learning

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. LEARNING is the insatiable curiosity that drives the student to absorb everything that is seen, heard or read.

The student who says, "I am discovering, drawing in from the outside, and making that which is drawn in a real part of me" is learning.

The experience of the learner should progresses along this line: • "No, no, that's not what I want"; • "Wait! This is closer to what I am interested in, what I

need"; • "Ah, here it is! Now I'm grasping and comprehending

what I need and what I want to know!"

Learning

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Teaching Methods

Factory ModelSPICES Model.

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Learning

Traditional Teaching

SPICES Teaching/Learning

Teacher Centred Student centredInformation

gatheringProblem based

Discipline based Integrated

Hospital based Community based

Uniform Electives

Apprentice based Systematic

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Learning and Teaching

Done by……. Purpose…..? Result of not doing…… Whose responsibility ……

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Teaching and LearningWHAT IS LEARNING?WHAT IS TEACHING? Acquiring knowledge, skills

and attitude Learning results in change of

behavior Done by the student and the

student only Starts at 35 weeks of

gestation and never ends Wisdom is acquired

Trying to impart knowledge, skills and attitude.

Teaching may result in learning or not.

Done by the teacher, books, other students, etc.

Starts on admission and ends with certification

Can we teach wisdom ?

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Learn what? Cognitive- such as learning to recall facts, to

analyze, and to solve a problem Psychomotor- such as learning to perform

the correct steps in a dance, learning to swim, learning to ride a bicycle, or drive a car

Affective- such as learning how to like someone, "to hate sin", to love one's country (patriotism), to worship God, or to move on after a failed relationship.

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Learning

Attitudes

It is a tendency to respond to various aspects

Directional- favourable direction Based in knowledge component Linked to feelings or emotion Linked to stable [core] factors Enduring character over a period of time Susceptible to change

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Remembering Short term and long term memory. Repetition. Association.[ mnemonics] Reasoning.

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Forms of Memory Explicit memory Implicit memory Short-term memory Working memory Long term memory

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Explicit Memory Also called declarative and recognition

memory. It is associated with consciousness or at

least awareness. Events [episodic], rules, words and language

[semantic] Dependant on hippocampus and parts of

temporal lobe.

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Implicit Memory Does not involve awareness Also called nondeclarative or reflexive

memory. Includes skills, habits, and conditioned

reflexes. It does not involve hippocampus. Explicit memory can become implicit once it

is learnt thoroughly.

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Short-term Memory Lasts for seconds to hours during which

processing in hippocampus or elsewhere lays down long term memory.

Memory traces are subject to disruption by trauma and drugs.

Working memory is a form of short term memory.

It keeps information for very short periods while the individual plans actions on it.

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Long term Memory Involves changes in synaptic strength. Stores memories for years or sometimes for

life. Memory traces are remarkably resistant to

disruption. Involves protein systhesis. Importance of good nutrition for good

learning and memory.

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Basis of Memory. The key to memory is the strength of

selected synapses. It involves protein synthesis during

conversion of short term memory into long term memory.

Protein deficiency is associated with poor memory.

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Teaching Methods. Lectures. Practicals Tutorials Giving objectives. Examination.

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Assist learning

Lecture Tutorial Practical Library Facilitate discussion Facilitate self learning Are the above enough to fulfill the vision and

mission of the university? Do the examinations signify satisfactory

fulfillment of the objectives04/19/2023Learning

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Learning Methods. Listening actively – lectures, tutorials etc. Reading. Writing notes. Discussions- tutorials, approach teachers, peer

groups, seniors. Answering. Experimenting and reasoning. Experience and participation. Dealing with patients and people.

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LEARNING AND RETENTION- QA council

Teach others / immediate use of learning – 90%

Practice by doing- 75%Discussion group- 50%

Demonstration- 30%Audio-visual- 20%

Reading- 10%

Lecture- 5%

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