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Laura BiganzoliOncologia MedicaOspedale di Prato
Istituto Toscano Tumori
Le prospettive di ricerca
Established treatment option for advanced HR+HER2- breast cancer
Finn et al. N Engl J Med 2016 Di Leo et al. ESMO 2017Hortobagyi et al. N Engl J Med 2016
Cristofanilli et al. Lancet Oncol 2016
Sledge et al. J Clin Oncol 2017
PALBOCICLIB RIBOCICLIB ABEMACICLIB
Increased toxicity
Increased costs
Main Challenge
• Identification of the patients to be treated biomarkers of response/resistance
Part 1 PAL + LET(N=34)
LET(N=32)
Number of Events (%) 15 (44) 25 (78)
Median PFS, months(95% CI)
26.1(11.2, NR)
5.7(2.6, 10.5)
Hazard Ratio(95% CI)
0.299(0.156, 0.572)
p-value <0.0001
Part 2 PAL + LET(N=50)
LET(N=49)
Number of Events (%) 26 (52) 34 (69)
Median PFS, months(95% CI)
18.1(13.1, 27.5)
11.1(7.1, 16.4)
Hazard Ratio(95% CI)
0.508(0.303, 0.853)
p-value 0.0046
UNSELECTED (ER+/HER2 neg) CCD1 amplif. and/or p16 loss
Part 1 (N=66)
• Phase II, 1° line• ER+, HER2– BC status
Palbociclib 125 mg QD + Letrozole 2.5 mg QD
Letrozole 2.5 mg QDPart 2 (N=99)
• Same as part 1 but with CCND1 amplification and/or loss of p16
R
PALOMA 1- role of CCD1 and p16
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40Time (Month)
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0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40Time (Month)
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Finn R. et al Lancet Oncology 2015; 16: 25–35
PIK3CA WT PIK3CA Mut
PIK3CA status (exon 9 and 20 hotspots) was determined by BEAMING assay on circulating DNA in 395 pts in PALOMA 3
PIK3CA status does not impact the magnitude of benefit from palbociclib
PIK3CA mutation status- PALOMA-3
Cristofanilli M, et al. Lancet Oncol. 2016;17(4):425–439.
Biomarkers of resistance● Genetic loss of RB1 may be a marker of primary resistance to
CDK4/6 inhibitors; uncommon in HR+ subtypes● Functional loss of the Rb pathway can be measured by gene-
expression studies● Gene-expression signatures focusing on inactivation of the Rb
pathway have been developed and characterized in breast cancer patients datasets
● The correlation between these signatures with response to CDK 4/6 inhibitors has not been explored
Thangavel C et al. Endocr Relat Cancer 2011
Rb loss signature in Luminal BC
E2F1 and E2F2 high vs low breast cancers in the TCGA*
RBsig 87 genes
Expression data
Genes correlated with E2F1 and E2F2
expression
Functional analysisAssociation with molecular subtypes*TCGA: The Cancer Genome Atlas, CCLE: Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia
We have deriveda new signature of Rb
loss-of-function (RBsig) with the specific aim of
testing whether this might help in discriminating between palbociclibresistant vs sensitive
breast cancer cell lines
The RB Sig as a potential tool to predict primary resistance to CDK 4-6 inhibitors
Malorni et al. Oncotarget 2016
RBsig expression in BC subtypes
RBsig levels are higher basal BC and, among Luminal BC, are higher in LumB
Malorni et al. Oncotarget 2016
All tumors
p-value < 7e-32 p-value < 7e-11 p-value < 0.002
Luminal A/B Basal
Rb1 status Rb1 status Rb1 status
RBsig correlates with RB1 status in BC subtypes
RBsig levels are higher in BC samples with loss of Rb, across multiple BC subtypesMalorni et al. Oncotarget 2016
BC gene expression meta-dataset (N=3458)
Recurrence free survival (RFS) of pts with ER+ tumors, untreated or endocrine treated only
Prognostic value in BC patients
ER+, untreatedp= 2.22e-09HR=2.37 (1.8-3.2, p=1.87e-08)
Luminal A, untreatedp= 1.14e-11HR=3.34 (2.3-4.8, p=6.97e-10)
Luminal B, untreatedp= 0.0001HR=2.52 (1.55-4.08, p=0.0003)
200
RBsig
Does RBsig hold prognostic information in ER+ BC?
Malorni et al. Oncotarget 2016
Sensitive/Resistant info*
BC cell lines expression data from RNA-seq
experiment (GSE48213)
discriminate CDK4/6i sensitive vs resistant
BC cell lines
*Finn RS et al. BCR 2009; 11:R77
RBsig
RBsig identifies CDK4/6i resistant vs sensitive cell lines with and Area Under the
Curve (AUC) of 0,7778
Does RBsig predict response to CDK4/6 inhibitors?
Malorni et al. Oncotarget 2016
Possible role of CDK 4/6 inhibitors in HER2-positive BC
Rationale
• 50% of HER2+ BC co-express ER
• CDK4/6 pathway is downstream to both ER and HER2 pathways
• Combination of CDK4/6 inhibitors and endocrine therapies or anti-HER2 agents proved to be synergistic in vitro (Finn RS, et al. Breast Cancer Res 2009)
• CDK4/6 inhibitors have also shown activity in models of acquired resistance to endocrine or HER2-targeted therapies (Witkiewicz AK. et al. Genes & Cancer, 2014)
The NA-PHER2 StudyHPPF x 6 four-weekly cyclesHerceptin+pertuzumab+palbociclib+FLV Surgery
Pts with early/locally advanced HER2+ AND ER+ BC
H= trastuzumab 8mg/kg 6 mg/kg x 6P= pertuzumab 840 mg 420 mg x 6Palbociclib 125 mg/day x 21 days q 28 x 5FLV=fulvestrant 500 mg q 4 wks x 5
ITT population n=30
Gianni et al. SABCS 2016
pCR 30% in breast; 27% in breast & axilla
• De-escalation ie. take maximum benefit from targeted therapy avoiding chemotherapy is an extremely appealing concept in patients with triple positive breast cancer
• Chemotherapy+anti HER2 therapy = standard
BIOMARKERS
Meta-dataset of 10 neoadj. trials of CHT +/- anti HER2 therapy with GEP data RBsig was computed and the correlation with pCR was explored
(ER+ /HER2+ pts N= 211)
ttest: 0.09435
pCR
Non pCR
RBsig in ER+/HER2+ BC
ER+/ HER2+ CT+H (N=117) In ER+/HER2+ pts
treated with CHT+ anti-HER2:
RBsig LOW tumors had lower pCR
rates compared to RBsig HIGH
Risi E. et al SABCS 2016
Signature of RB deficiency have been shown to potentiallypredict response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Herschkowitz et al. Breast Cancer Res 2008; Ertel et al. Cell Cycle 2010
Hypothesis
RBsig may help selecting pts with ER+/HER2+ BC who could be spared CHT and treated with ET+ anti-HER2+ CDK4/6 inh
• Pts with RBsig LOW ET+ anti-HER2+ CDK4/6 inh. will be more active than CHT+ anti-HER2
• Pts with RBsig HIGHCHT+ anti-HER2 will be more active than ET+ anti-HER2+ CDK4/6 inh.
TOUCH: trial design
Stratification criteria:•G8 score (>14 vs ≤14)•N1 or T>5cm diameter vs. N0 and T 1-5 cm
Primary objective: To explore the interaction between the RBsig status (HIGH or LOW) and pCRPrimary endpoint: pCR (ypT0/ypTis ypN0)
Conclusions
• CDK4/6 inhibitors represent a new treatment option in ER+/HER2neg MBC
• Biomarkers for selecting patients more likely to benefit from CDK4/6 inhibition would be of great clinical utility to maximize benefit and containing costs
• Biomarkers would be of great utility also to develop new treatment strategies using multiple target blockades
Backup
Statistical assumptions
RBsig Prevalence
A: Palbociclib + letrozole +
trastuzumab
B: Paclitaxel + trastuzumab
Odds Ratio (A:B)
pCR rate
RBsig low 50% 30% 15% 2.429
RBsig high 50% 10% 50% 0.111
unselected 20% 32.5%
Hypothesized pCR rates in subgroups for sample size determination
An assessable sample size of 120 patients with successful RBsig results was determined to provide 86% power for the test of treatment-by-RBsig interaction (two-sided α=0.05).
The enrolled sample size is inflated by 20% to 144 patients to account for non-assessable RBsig status (which is determined after randomization).
RANDOMIZATION
Operable BC ER+/HER2+
Age ≥65 yo
Core biopsy mandatory
Palbociclib 125 mg/day x21 days q28x 4 Letrozole 2.5 mg/day orally x 16 weeksTrastuzumab 8 mg/kg 6 mg/kg q 3 wks x 5 Pertuzumab 840 mg 420 mg q 3 wks x 5
Surgery1:1
TOUCH: trial design
Stratification criteria:•G8 score (>14 vs ≤14)•N1 or T>5cm diameter vs. N0 and T 1-5 cm
Primary objective: To explore the interaction between the RBsig status (HIGH or LOW) and pCRPrimary endpoint: pCR (ypT0/ypTis ypN0)
Paclitaxel 80mg/m2 days 1,8,18 q 28 x4Trastuzumab 8 mg/kg 6 mg/kg q 3 wks x 5 Pertuzumab 840 mg 420 mg q 3 wks x 5
Acknowledgements
(MFAG 14371)
Translational Research Unit, Hospital of Prato
“Sandro Pitigliani” Medical Oncology Unit, Hospital of Prato
Functional Genomics & Bioinformatics Units, Proxenia S.r.l