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Hazards ControlDepartment

Hazards ControlDepartment

Annual Report1995

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

Annual Report

UCRL-LR-123896

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UCRL-LR-123896

Hazards Control Department

1995Annual Report

August 1996

Approved by:

George W. Campbell, Department Head DateHazards Control Department

8/19/96

iiiHazards Control Department

Contents

Acronyms.................................................................................................................................................................viPreface....................................................................................................................................................................viiiI. Overview............................................................................................................................................................1II. Organization......................................................................................................................................................3

Administrative Services Division ............................................................................................................3Environment, Safety, and Health Teams.................................................................................................3Technical Support and Policy Development Division ........................................................................4Safety Laboratories Division ...................................................................................................................4Emergency Management Division .........................................................................................................4Special Projects Division ..........................................................................................................................5Education, Training, and Safety Analysis Group..................................................................................5

III. Department Accomplishments—1995 ..........................................................................................................6Audits, Oversight, and Monitoring of Corrective Actions ..................................................................6

ICF Decommissioning Project....................................................................................................6Review of DTED Programs ........................................................................................................6Certification Panel for BEEF at NTS .........................................................................................6

Root-Cause Identification, Risk Assessment, and Control ..................................................................6Review of SAR and FSP for the Plutonium Facility...............................................................6Reconfiguration of the Tritium Facility ....................................................................................6Upgrade to the Criticality Alarm System in B332 ..................................................................6Review of Main Charge Explosive Component Manufacturing Proposal .........................6Preliminary SAR for NIF ............................................................................................................7Fire Protection System at Device Assembly Facility ..............................................................7W-55 Dismantlement Activities .................................................................................................7Industrial Hygiene Support .......................................................................................................7Radionuclide Sampling System Upgrade ................................................................................7W-79 High Explosives Dissolution Workstation.....................................................................7Full-Scale Fire Testing of Flammable Waste Drum Storage Areas .......................................7Stockpile Dismantlement Database ..........................................................................................8Safety Analysis Activities ...........................................................................................................8

Management Commitment and Involvement .......................................................................................8Support for Off-Shift H&S Technician Program .....................................................................8Human Resources........................................................................................................................8Wellness.........................................................................................................................................8Facilities Activities .......................................................................................................................8HCD Institutional Activities ......................................................................................................9HCD External Activities .............................................................................................................9

Solutions Through Innovation and Creativity ....................................................................................10Categorization of Chemicals for Impoundment ...................................................................10Reuse of Enclosed Hazardous Materials for DUS ................................................................10Waste HEPA Filter Sampling Project ......................................................................................10W-79 Dissolution Workstation .................................................................................................10Student and New Hire Safety Orientation ............................................................................10Budget and Financial Information Enhancements ...............................................................11Assurance Activities ..................................................................................................................11Fire Protection Support .............................................................................................................11New Analytical Method............................................................................................................11

iv 1995 Annual Report

Contents

SLD Activities .............................................................................................................................11Belarus Mobile Laboratory .......................................................................................................11Health and Safety Training Activities.....................................................................................12

Simplification of ES&H Elements..........................................................................................................13Health & Safety Manual ..............................................................................................................13Fire Protection Support.............................................................................................................13Radiation Protection Support ..................................................................................................13Training Development ..............................................................................................................14Development of NFPA Standard 115 ......................................................................................14Necessary and Sufficient Task Force Activities.....................................................................14ES&H Guide for the Safeguards and Security Department................................................14OSPs for Long- and Short-Term Facility Shutdowns...........................................................14Electric and Magnetic Fields Program for the California PUC ..........................................14

Emphasis on Real ES&H Issues .............................................................................................................14Support for USAF Peacekeeper Flight Tests..........................................................................14Support for W-79 Dismantlement at Pantex..........................................................................14Decontamination of Former Test Program Laboratories in B151.......................................15Fire Protection Support.............................................................................................................15Radiation Protection Support ..................................................................................................15Support for Programmatic Activities......................................................................................15Laser Guide Star Installation at Lick Observatory ...............................................................15LLNL Policy for Refrigerants...................................................................................................15

Two-Way Communication, Trust, and Perserverance ........................................................................16Record Keeping ........................................................................................................................................16

Quality Assurance .....................................................................................................................16Radiation Protection..................................................................................................................16

Recognition of Quality Work and ES&H Excellence ..........................................................................16National ACGIH Award ...........................................................................................................16Edgar Monsanto/Queeny “Safety Professional of the Year” Award from ASSE ............161993 Weapons Recognition of Excellence Awards................................................................16Radiation Safety Training .........................................................................................................17Radiation Instruments and Calibration..................................................................................17Personnel Dosimetry Projects ..................................................................................................17Analytical Laboratory Metals Certification ...........................................................................17Fire Prevention Education........................................................................................................18P-32 Intakes Project....................................................................................................................18Internal Dosimetry Assistance Team ......................................................................................18Beryllium Air Monitor ..............................................................................................................18Occupational Safety and Health Support ..............................................................................18NEST Support ............................................................................................................................18

Measurement and Feedback to LLNL ..................................................................................................19Industrial and Explosive Safety Support ...............................................................................19Injury, Illness, and Fire Loss Statistics ....................................................................................19Ionizing Radiation Trends ........................................................................................................21

IV. Customer Services ..........................................................................................................................................22ES&H Team Services................................................................................................................................22Safety Laboratories Division Activities.................................................................................................22Emergency Management Division Activities ......................................................................................23

Permits Issued by EMD ............................................................................................................24Fire Prevention Inspections......................................................................................................24

vHazards Control Department

EMD Dispatch Center (Bldg. 313) Activities .........................................................................24Cost of Fire Protection...............................................................................................................24Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) Serviced .......................................................25

Classes Given by Hazards Control........................................................................................................25PHAs and SARs Performed During 1995.............................................................................................25

V. Support to Significant LLNL Incidents...................................................................................................26Centrifuge Failure ....................................................................................................................................26Employee Fall ...........................................................................................................................................26Power Outage ...........................................................................................................................................26Finger-Ring Dosimeter Contamination ................................................................................................26Beamlet Spatial Filter Implosion............................................................................................................26

VI. Professional Publications and Presentations .........................................................................................28VII. Areas of Concern..........................................................................................................................................29

Off-Shift H&S Technician Program .......................................................................................................29DOE Order Reduction Effort..................................................................................................................29Safety Analysis Support ..........................................................................................................................29Hazards Control Design Review ...........................................................................................................30Inspection and Recertification of Pressure Vessels and Systems......................................................30Available Resources vs. Legacy Facility Issues ...................................................................................30Attrition in Key Personnel ......................................................................................................................30Injury and Illness Statistics .....................................................................................................................30Criticality Safety .......................................................................................................................................31

VIII. Plans for 1996 ................................................................................................................................................32ES&H Team Plans ....................................................................................................................................32

NIF Design..................................................................................................................................32Radioactivity Allowance Tracking System ............................................................................32Partnership Program Pilot........................................................................................................32Construction Subcontractor Safety Plan ................................................................................32Donation, Utilization, and Sales..............................................................................................32Accident Prevention Program and Strategic Plan ................................................................32

Administrative Services Division ..........................................................................................................33Technical Support and Policy Development Division........................................................................33

Direct Access to Material Safety Data Sheets ........................................................................33Electrical Safety Advisory Board.............................................................................................33

Education, Training, and Safety Analysis Group................................................................................33More CBT and WBT H&S Training.........................................................................................33Multimedia Hardware Evaluation..........................................................................................33

IX. References......................................................................................................................................................34

Contents

vi 1995 Annual Report

Overview

Acronyms

ACGIH American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists

AD Associate Director

AIHA American Industrial Hygiene Association

ANSI American National Standards Institute

APP Accident Prevention Program

ARG DOE Accident Response Group

ASD Administrative Services Division

ASSE American Society of Safety Engineers

BEEF Big Explosives Experimental Facility

BLS Bureau of Labor Statistics

C&MS Chemistry and Materials Science

CBT Computer-based training

CFIRS California Fire Incident Reporting System

CSL Calibrations and Standards Laboratory

DMSO Dimethyl sulfoxide

DNFSB Defense Nuclear Facility Safety Board

DoD Department of Defense

DOE Department of Energy

DOT Department of Transportation

DOELAP DOE Laboratory Accreditation Program

DTED Defense Technologies Engineering Division

DUS Donation, Utilization, and Sales

EM Environmental Management (DOE)

EMD Emergency Management Division

EPA Environmental Protection Agency

EPD Environmental Protection Department

ES&H Environment, Safety, and Health

ET&SAG Education, Training, and Safety Analysis Group

FSP Facility Safety Procedure

FTE Full-time equivalent [employee]

GPP General Plant Project

H&S Health and Safety

HA&SA Hazards Analysis and Safety Assessment

HCD Hazards Control Department

HEPA High-efficiency particulate air (filter)

HPS Health Physics Society

HWM Hazardous Waste Management

viiHazards Control Department

OverviewAcronyms

LANL Los Alamos National Laboratory

LBNL Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

LEDO Laboratory Emergency Duty Officer

LLNL Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

MIST Management Information System Team

MIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology

MSDS Material safety data sheets

NAI Non-Proliferation/Arms Control and International Security Directorate

NESHAP National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants

NEST Nuclear Emergency Search Team

NFPA National Fire Protection Association

NIF National Ignition Facility

NIH National Institutes of Health

NTS Nevada Test Site

OSHA Occupational Health and Safety Administration

OSP Operational Safety Procedure

PE Plant Engineering

PHA Preliminary Hazard Assessment

PUC Public Utilities Commission

R&D Research and Development

RCM Radiation Control Manual

RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act

RCT Radiation Control Technician

RPP Radiation Protection Plan

S&SD Safeguards and Security Department

SNL-CA Sandia National Laboratories/California

SNL-NM Sandia National Laboratories/New Mexico

SAR Safety Analysis Report

SCBA Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus

SDDB Stockpile Dismantlement Database

SLD Safety Laboratories Division

SPD Special Projects Division

TRADE Training Resource and Data Exchange

TSPD Technical Support and Policy Development Division

TSR Technical Safety Requirement

UC University of California

WBE Work Budget Element

WBT [World Wide] Web-based training

viii 1995 Annual Report

Preface

This annual report of the Hazards Control Department activities in 1995 is part of the department’sefforts to foster a working environment at LLNL where every person has the means, ability, anddesire to work safely. The significant accomplishments and activities, the various services provid-ed, and research into ES&H issues by HCD would not have been possible without the many andongoing contributions by its employees and support personnel. The HCD Leadership Team wouldlike to thank each and every one in the department for their efforts and work in 1995 and for theirpersonal commitment to keeping one of the premier research institutions in the world today a safeand healthy place.

If readers have any questions concerning the information in this report, feel free to contact theappropriate member of the HCD Leadership Team:

Department Head—George CampbellDeputy Department Head—Jim JacksonES&H Team 1 Division Leader—Yee Ping ChongES&H Team 2 Division Leader—Mike TrentES&H Team 3 Division Leader—Al CeloniES&H Team 4 Division Leader—Steve CarrAssistant Department Head/Administrative Services Division Leader—Joel WongTechnical Support and Policy Development Division Leader—Dave MyersSafety Laboratories Division Leader—Becky FailorEmergency Management Division Leader— John SharrySpecial Projects Division Leader—Chuck PrevoEducation, Training, and Safety Analysis Group Leader—Scott Hildum

Additional Contributors: Linda Achziger, Corky Burgin, Ralph Burklin, Thad Kedzierski, Sue Koopman, NancyKuret, Pete LaCurtis, Sharon Miraglia, Melody Pelzl, Evie Prevo, Dave Prokosch, andSharon Schumacher

General Editor: John Richards

1Hazards Control Department

Since its founding in 1952, Lawrence LivermoreNational Laboratory (LLNL) has evolved into aworld renowned, multidisciplinary scientific andengineering research facility operated by theUniversity of California (UC). Lawrence Livermorehas also become a leader in the area of health andsafety. The Hazards Control Department (HCD) atLLNL is a primary contributor to LawrenceLivermore’s success in protecting the health and safety of its workforce and that of the broader community, including the Department of Energy(DOE) Complex and the general public.

The department employs approximately 300 pro-fessional specialists and technical personnel whohave expertise in industrial safety, industrial hygiene,explosive safety, criticality safety, fire fighting, fireprotection, health physics, safety analysis, safety andhealth education, training, and research. HCD is oneof three Environment, Safety, and Health (ES&H)departments that report to the Associate Director(AD) of Plant Operations at LLNL. In collaborationwith the other two departments, Health Services andEnvironmental Protection, HCD leads in integratingrisk minimization and control of workplace hazardsinto the thoughts, plans, and actions of LawrenceLivermore management and staff.

The primary purpose of HCD is to foster a work-ing environment where staff, subcontractors, and vis-iting researchers at LLNL have the means, ability, andthe desire to work safely. This is by no means a sim-ple task, given the diverse nature of the work ofLLNL’s 8,000 scientists, engineers, and support staffand 1,500 on-site contractors. Their efforts includeresearch into issues associated with national security,energy, the environment, and biomedicine; economiccompetitiveness; and science and mathematics educa-tion while continuing to carry out the Laboratory’shistorical role in nuclear weapons, stockpile manage-ment, and international treaty verification.

The Hazards Control Department vision is: “The individuals in Hazards Control will enhance the

mission of LLNL and its programs by being an integralpart of each program and by participating in the planningand execution of existing and new experiments and thedesign, construction, and maintenance of equipment andfacilities. The professional expertise of our department and

the personal integrity of its individual members will be heldin the highest esteem by our Laboratory colleagues, theUniversity of California, agencies of government, and thegeneral public. We will be a center of excellence andadvancement in the field of occupational health and safety.”

In support of this vision, HCD programs and staffhave become nationally recognized for participationand involvement in setting both national and interna-tional health and safety standards and policies. HCDstaff members actively participate in various ES&Hprograms for the DOE, and also work with other reg-ulatory agencies and related advisory committees tohelp draft new and revised health and safety stan-dards. In many cases, the research programs of HCD’sSpecial Projects Division (SPD) provide the scientificand technical basis for the development of new healthand safety standards that are used throughout thenation and, in some cases, the world.

In 1993, the department was reorganized in aneffort to better meet the needs of its LLNL customersand their changing missions. Removal of a completelayer of management gave more authority andresponsibility to the ES&H Teams that provide directsupport to the various Laboratory programs. At thattime, the Department Head committed HCD to a con-cept that came to be known internally as the AccidentPrevention Program (APP). The philosophy of theprogram is simple and straightforward. It provides acontinuously improving atmosphere in which

• Accidents are neither expected nor condoned bythe Laboratory

• The safety of people and the environment areheld in the highest regard

• Property is protected

• Potential causes of accidents are controlled

• Both the Laboratory and the individual are heldaccountable for unsafe behavior.

HCD employees identified the essential elements ofthe APP as

• Management leadership

• Establishment of ES&H controls

• ES&H education through training

Hazards Control Department Annual Report

I. Overview

2 1995 Annual Report

Overview

• Efficient and effective use of resources

• Employee commitment

• Integration of ES&H principles into research anddevelopment (R&D) and operations at LawrenceLivermore

• Clear assignment and acceptance of responsibili-ty and accountability

• Use of a behavior-based approach to ES&Hmanagement.

In addition, the department and its staff had to makea commitment to these elements by supportingefforts at

• Audits, oversight, and monitoring of correctiveactions

• Root-cause identification, risk assessment, andcontrol

• Management commitment and involvement

• Solutions through innovation and creativity

• Simplification of ES&H elements

• Emphasis on real ES&H issues rather than compliance

• Two-way communication, trust, and persever-ance within HCD and with clients, customers,and other contacts

• Record keeping

• Recognition of quality work by employees andexcellence in ES&H

• Measurement and feedback to LLNL on itsefforts to

—Reduce accidents

—Reduce environmental incidents

—Reduce occurrence reports

—Reduce worker compensation cases andcost.

This report summarizes the state of the depart-ment and HCD’s efforts on the APP for theLaboratory as a whole in calendar year 1995. Itdescribes the organization, accomplishments, cus-tomer services provided, significant incidents duringthe year, and HCD incident response. It also includesresults of health and safety (H&S) performance mea-sures, lists publications and presentations, discussesperformance areas of concern, and describes thedepartment plans for 1996.


The Hazards Control Department is composedof ten divisions: Administrative Services; the fourEnvironment, Safety, and Health Teams; TechnicalSupport and Policy Development; SafetyLaboratories; Emergency Management; SpecialProjects; and Education, Training, and SafetyAnalysis. The organization chart is shown in Fig. 1. A description of each division is given below.

Administrative Services DivisionThe Administrative Services Division (ASD) has

11 employees. It is tasked with providing support tothe Hazards Control Department in the followingareas: (1) human resources coordination; (2) budgetmanagement; (3) vehicle and facility management,including office and laboratory space; and (4) qualityassurance oversight.

Environment, Safety, and Health TeamsThe four ES&H Teams, which are separate divi-

sions of HCD, have about 25 employees each. Theyprovide environment, safety, and health support tothe various research and support organizations atLawrence Livermore. Each team supports specific

program areas; members include both techniciansand professionals from different fields of safety and health. In addition, specialists from theEnvironmental Protection Department (EPD) and Health Services are assigned to these teams(Fig. 2).

The mission of the teams is to provide bothhigh-quality and timely environmental, safety, andhealth support to Laboratory programs and organi-zations in alignment with not only the customerorganization’s mission, vision, and purpose, butalso with the mission, vision, purpose, and core val-ues and beliefs of the Hazards Control Department.

The ES&H Teams achieve their respective mis-sions by working closely with LLNL programs tofoster an atmosphere of cooperation in accident pre-vention and problem solving. As part of their dailyactivities, team members advise, monitor, and eval-uate programmatic activities; provide emergencyresponse services; and assist in training programpersonnel. The teams also perform audits andinspections, conduct incident analyses and accidentinvestigations, restrict operations that are imminenthazards, and inform top program management ofES&H issues when appropriate.

II. Organization

Technical Support and Policy

Development Division

Education, Training, and

Safety Analysis Group

Emergency Management

Division

Special Projects Division

Safety Labs

Division

ES&H

Team 1

ES&H

Team 3

ES&H

Team 4

ES&H

Team 2

Assistant Department Head

Administrative Services Division

Standing

Committees

Department Head

Deputy Department Head

Figure 1. Organization chart for the Hazards Control Department at LLNL.


Organization

Technical Support and PolicyDevelopment Division

The Technical Support and Policy DevelopmentDivision (TSPD) has 23 employees. TSPD is responsi-ble for providing technical leadership and support tothe safety and health discipline members and techni-cians in HCD. This division is also responsible forcoordinating the development and publication of theLLNL Health & Safety Manual1 and maintaining anelectronic version of the manual.

TSPD designates technical leaders for fire safety,criticality safety, industrial safety, industrial hygiene,and the health physics disciplines, and also desig-nates a lead person to represent the technicians.These technical leaders are responsible for workingwith the respective ES&H team members to developand disseminate safety and health guidance and poli-cies that are technically sound, compatible with regu-lations, and consistently applied across theLaboratory.

Safety Laboratories DivisionThe Safety Laboratories Division (SLD) has 42

employees. SLD provides analytical equipment andlaboratory services to Lawrence Livermore programsand organizations.

This division is tasked with providing qualityanalytical equipment and laboratory services in sup-port of the Industrial Hygiene and Health Physics

programs. SLD division facilities and services includethe Analytical Laboratory, Radiation MeasurementsLaboratory, Industrial Hygiene Instruments andMeasurements Laboratory, Calibration and StandardsLaboratory, Personnel Dosimetry Laboratory,Respirator Services, Bioassay Laboratory, and WholeBody Counter Laboratory.

Emergency Management DivisionThe Emergency Management Division (EMD) has

51 employees. The EMD, which is more commonlyknown as the LLNL Fire Department, responds 24 hours a day to emergency incidents on theLawrence Livermore site, at the Sandia NationalLaboratories/California (SNL-CA) properties, and inthe surrounding community.

This division’s charter is to respond to emergencyincidents to limit injuries, loss of life, and propertylosses at the Laboratory and in the surrounding com-munity. In support of its charter, EMD performs thefollowing functions: nonsecurity emergency dispatchand response, fire prevention, liaison and coordina-tion with emergency agencies of the communitiessurrounding LLNL, and emergency planning.

The division’s modern emergency dispatch centerlocated in Building 313 handles all nonsecurity dis-patching for the Laboratory. This includes:

• Dispatching fire department units at both LLNLFire Stations—#1 (Livermore) and #2 (Site 300)

HAZARDS CONTROL DEPT. • Health and Safety Technicians • Safety Engineers • Industrial Hygienists • Health Physicists • Fire Protection Engineers • Safety Analysis Specialists • Safety and Health Trainers • Nuclear Crit. Safety Specialists

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION DEPT. • Hazardous Waste Technicians • Environmental Analysts • Environmental Support Teams HEALTH SERVICES DEPT. • Occupational Physicians • Occupational Nurses • Employee Assistance Specialists

Team 2

Team 1

ES&H Organizations ES&H Teams Laboratory Organizations Supported

Team 3

Team 4

• Defense & Nuclear Technologies • Experimental Test Site • Director’s Office • Laser Programs • Biology & Biotechnology Research • Computation • Environmental Programs (MWMF) • Chemistry & Materials Science • Physics & Space Technology • Non-Proliferation/Arms Control & International Security • Engineering • Defense Technologies Engineering Division • Environmental Programs • Plant Operations • Business and Administration • Energy Programs

Figure 2. Teams of specialists and technicians provide services to the LLNL programs and overhead organizations.


Organization

• Serving as the 911 answering point for allLaboratory emergency calls

• Monitoring the site-wide Health and SafetyAlarm System

• Operating the Building Emergency VoiceAlarm/Notification system

• Serving as the off-hours contact point for off-siteresponse groups located at LLNL, such as theNuclear Emergency Search Team (NEST), theDOE Accident Response Group (ARG),Radiological Assistance Program, FederalRadiological Monitoring and Assessment Center,and Threat Credibility Assessment.

• Receiving and dispatching requests for mutualaid for the Twin Valley Area and throughoutAlameda County

• Dispatching and tracking the off-hours HazardsControl H&S Technician

• Coordinating the fire protection system impair-ment control process for LLNL buildings

• Receiving requests and dispatching personnel

• Serving as the primary contact point for theLaboratory Emergency Duty Officer (LEDO).

Special Projects DivisionThe Special Projects Division has 49 employees.

SPD is a multidisciplinary team of scientists and tech-nicians that provides solutions to current and antici-pated health, safety, and environmental problems.This division maintains specialized expertise andfacilities to identify problems, define and developsolutions, and provide transitional support for theimplementation of new technologies.

The SPD supports the HCD and Laboratory pro-grams at LLNL through regular interactions with

ES&H Team Leaders and discipline contacts. SPDserves as a technical resource for the DOE and othergovernment organizations and participates in thedevelopment of national and industrial standards.The division performs basic and applied research inthe disciplines of Fire Safety, Industrial Hygiene andSafety, Radiation Safety, Explosive Safety,Environmental Protection, and other safety-relatedsciences. SPD also has oversight responsibility forthe HCD Management Information System Team(MIST), which is tasked with the development andmaintenance of the various computer programs anddatabases that contain employee safety and healthrecords.

Education, Training, and Safety AnalysisGroup

The Hazards Control Education, Training, andSafety Analysis Group (ET&SAG), with 29 employ-ees, has three primary functions. First, ET&SAGinstructs Lawrence Livermore personnel about safe-ty and health hazards, regulatory requirements, andadditional LLNL management controls that arerequired to safely conduct hazardous activities. Thisdivision also teaches practical solutions for respond-ing to and controlling hazards.

Second, ET&SAG provides the technical exper-tise needed to conduct formal quantitative hazardanalyses of LLNL operations and facilities and actsas liaison with DOE personnel to reach agreementon the required format and content of these analy-ses.

Third, the ET&SAG operates the Safety GlassesOffice and manages the Safety Shoes contract forLLNL. These activities include dispensing prescrip-tion and nonprescription impact safety glasses, lasersafety glasses, computer workstation glasses, andsafety shoes to LLNL and some contract employees.


The major accomplishments of the HazardsControl Department for the calendar year 1995, assummarized below, reflect the department’s commit-ment to the APP. The emphasis here is upon the non-routine institutional, programmatic, and externalachievements, rather than on regularly performed,routine tasks and activities.

Audits, Oversight, and Monitoring ofCorrective Actions

ICF Decommissioning Project

An Industrial Hygienist traveled to the InertialConfinement Fusion facility in Ann Arbor, Michigan,on several occasions to support the facility decom-missioning project there. The hygienist planned andconducted the final hazardous materials survey,including the collection of mercury vapor, surfaceRCRA-metal, polychlorinated biphenyl, and volatileorganic vapor samples. Results of the survey wereused to release the facility for general use.

Review of DTED Programs

A Health Physicist participated in a review oftwo Defense Technologies Engineering Division(DTED) programs [W-48 Cracked Pit Cleanup andDimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) DissolutionWorkstation] conducted by the Defense NuclearFacility Safety Board (DNFSB). In general, DNFSBwas very pleased with the DTED programs and theintegration of safety into the planning and executionof these programs.

Certification Panel for BEEF at NTS

Two Explosive Safety Engineers were appointedby the Deputy AD for Nevada Experiments andOperations to serve on a certification panel for theBig Explosives Experimental Facility (BEEF) at NTS.Certification tests were completed, including a 25%overtest (7,788 lb of TNT). A report was written bythe panel to document the certification of this facilityfor manned operations.

Root-Cause Identification, RiskAssessment, and Control

Review of SAR and FSP for the Plutonium Facility

ES&H Team 1 provided substantial contributionsto the preparation and review of the PlutoniumBuilding’s Safety Analysis Report (SAR) and the tri-ennial review of the Facility Safety Procedure (FSP).The SAR was approved by DOE and is the firstCategory 2 Nuclear Facility in the DOE Complex tohave an approved SAR that meets DOE Order5480.23 requirements.

Reconfiguration of the Tritium Facility

Team 1 assisted with the reconfiguration of theTritium Facility to provide a state-of-the-art, low-leveltritium and radioactive waste R&D capability. Thisfocuses in the near term on legacy waste and decont-amination projects, and also serves to maintain andnurture LLNL tritium expertise. In the near future,the facility will support low-inventory tritium experi-ments to a 5-g facility maximum and host selectednon-tritium, low-level radioactive waste activities.

Upgrade to the Criticality Alarm System in B332

Team 1 spent a significant amount of effort work-ing on the Criticality Alarm System upgrade inBuilding 332. The Criticality Safety Engineer present-ed the implementation plan to facility residents andparticipated in the development and execution of thein situ test plan. The changeover from the old to thenew system has been successfully completed.

Review of Main Charge Explosive ComponentManufacturing Proposal

Team 1 provided a significant amount of effort inreviewing documentation and preparation of theDOE-supported LLNL proposal to manufacture maincharge explosive components at the Site 300 ProcessArea for LLNL-designed weapons systems. There isconsiderable political controversy concerningwhether explosives main charge manufacturingshould be performed at Site 300 or the DOE Pantex

III. Department Accomplishments—1995


Accomplishments

Plant in Texas. A final DOE-HQ decision is expectedto be announced in early FY97.

Preliminary SAR for NIF

ES&H Team 2 coordinated and provided signifi-cant input and analysis into a preliminary SAR forthe National Ignition Facility (NIF). The DivisionLeader for Team 2 is also an ex officio member of theNIF Assurance Working Group, which has oversightof the various environment and safety issues associat-ed with the design, construction, and operation ofthis $1.3 billion facility. The team also contributed tothe production of the NIF Environmental ImpactStatement and Conceptual Design Report. Team 2plays a key role in the review of NIF designs in orderto identify and resolve ES&H issues as early in theprocess as possible. The team Health Physicist is pro-viding direction in concert with the externalArchitectural and Engineering firm on the design ofthe ionizing radiation shielding for the Laser Areaand Target Bay Facility, which will be approximatelyone football field wide, two long, and six stories high.

Fire Protection System at Device AssemblyFacility

A Fire Protection Engineer led a team from LLNLand Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) in asite visit to the Nevada Test Site (NTS) where theyprovided technical consultation, peer review, and afinal report on the Fire Protection System at theDevice Assembly Facility at NTS. The Fire ProtectionEngineer took the lead in drafting the report, whichincludes installation and quality control issuesobserved by the team and recommendations forshort- and long-term mitigation. His expertise contin-ues to be sought by stakeholders at NTS, LANL, andLawrence Livermore.

W-55 Dismantlement Activities

In early July 1995, members of Team 3, includingthe Team Leader, Deputy Team Leader, HealthPhysicist, Industrial Safety Engineer, IndustrialHygienist, and Explosive Safety Engineer, attended aW-55 Pre-Online meeting at Sandia NationalLaboratories/New Mexico (SNL-NM). From July11–20, the Health Physicist, Industrial Hygienist, andExplosive Safety Engineer were at the Pantex Plantfor the W-55 Trainer QED. The Health Physicist from

Team 3 and the Explosive Safety Engineer from Team 1 participated in the week-long W-55 WR QES.

Industrial Hygiene Support

Industrial Hygiene exposure assessments are per-formed to anticipate, recognize, evaluate, and controlpotential workplace health hazards so that allemployees are assured of a safe and healthful workenvironment. In April 1995, an Exposure Assessmentand Monitoring Plan2 was published to provide a con-sistent, systematic framework with which to evaluateand respond to workplace conditions. During 1995,only 3 worker exposures exceeded the ThresholdLimit Values/Permissible Exposure Limits for haz-ardous chemicals, physical, and biological agents outof nearly 3,000 measurements made.

Radionuclide Sampling System Upgrade

This upgrade for LLNL radionuclide air effluentsampling systems in several facilities was done toimprove compliance with the EnvironmentalProtection Agency (EPA) National EmissionStandards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP)regulatory requirements. Upgrades involved thedesign, fabrication, installation, and calibration ofmultinozzle aerosol extraction probes and multisen-sor velocity probes. All the probes have beendesigned, fabricated, assembled, and calibrated.

W-79 High Explosives Dissolution Workstation

SPD provided support on the design, fabrication,and testing of the ventilation system for the worksta-tion. The division established criteria for the ventila-tion design, conducted flammability studies in DMSOaerosols, and conducted studies on DMSO purging.

Full-Scale Fire Testing of Flammable Waste DrumStorage Areas

This project provided information on the fire per-formance of sprinklered waste drum storage areasthat contain flammable and mixed flammable liquidsin 55-gal drums. SPD conducted two full-scale firetests with the following results: (1) the sprinkler in anopen-sided structure might not activate quicklyenough to prevent drums from failing; (2) woodenpallets present a reignition hazard during postfireoperations; and (3) banding palletized drums stackedtwo-high helps prevent them from falling or topplingduring a fire.


Accomplishments

Stockpile Dismantlement Database

For a Weapons project, SPD helped develop aspreadsheet format that includes all the parts foundin LLNL-designed weapons. SPD was given informa-tion for each part, including its chemical and physicalproperties, its toxic, flammable, radioactive, andexplosive hazards, and recommended personnel pro-tection. SPD also entered information into the exist-ing Stockpile Dismantlement Database (SDDB)designed by SNL. The division assembled six spread-sheet booklets for this project and sent them to thePantex Plant. SPD also completed input into the SNLSDDB on six LLNL designs and characterized addi-tional military parts per a DOE request.

Safety Analysis Activities

A five-year effort in the development of safetybasis documentation for the entire Laboratory wascompleted during 1995, with the exception of docu-mentation for Site 300 that is scheduled for comple-tion in the summer of 1996. Progress by ET&SAG wasrecognized in the UC/DOE Contract PerformanceManagement assessment when DOE/OAK awardeda score of 80% on PM 4.1.a “Risk Assessment.”Completion of the five-year effort was greatly aidedby the successful negotiation of an agreementbetween HCD and DOE/OAK to allow the documen-tation of existing “Low Hazard” facilities in aPreliminary Hazard Assessment (PHA) rather than aSAR. This agreement has saved LLNL more than $1 million.

Management Commitment andInvolvement

Support for Off-Shift H&S Technician Program

ES&H Team 1 continued to manage and provideadministrative support for the Off-Shift H&STechnician Program. This program has two dedicatedtechnicians from Team 1 and also uses specially quali-fied H&S technicians from all four ES&H Teams. Theprogram provides routine, special, and emergencysupport at LLNL from 4:45 p.m. to 8:00 a.m., Mondaythrough Friday, and all day and night on weekendsand holidays. During 1995, the Division Leader forES&H Team 1 nearly completed transferring theentire 4.5-full-time equivalent employee (FTE) sup-port effort from HCD overhead funds to theLaboratory programs that use this off-shift support.

Human Resources

The Administrative Services Division establisheda new Mentoring Program and provided training tocurrent mentors and protégés. In 1996, the mentoringcommittee will make a presentation to the EPD seniorstaff and the LLNL Diversity Working Group abouthow to establish a mentoring program.

The division placed the following humanresources information on the HCD file server, Baloo,in 1995:

• An improved version of the workforce report thatincludes a spreadsheet to track present and his-torical headcount and FTE levels

• A current department organization chart

• Hiring and posting forms

• Position description form

• Brokering folder

• Names of HCD employees who currently serveas members or officers of national boards andcommissions and their terms of office.

Wellness

A Wellness event was successfully planned forthe department by the HCD Health Awareness Teamand ES&H Team 3. It was a noontime picnic, paid forby the employee fund, that included healthful foodand many other health and wellness activities.

Facilities Activities

Trailer 3275 was moved from Fire Station #1 to asite just east of Trailer 2526 and renumbered T2530.The trailer is used primarily by SPD.

The design of the Building 254 addition for theGeneral Plant Project (GPP) was completed and con-struction has begun.

The final Plant Engineering (PE) design for instal-lation of the new Vehicle Radiation Monitoring sys-tem was approved. The site is along Westgate Drive.It has a traffic turnout that will be shared by vehiclesto be monitored and a bus pick-up point.

Three fume hoods and exhaust systems wereinstalled in Building 255. These are used by SPD and,temporarily, by the Bioassay Laboratory during con-struction of their new building.

At the request of the EMD, a design was devel-oped for a patio/physical activity area south of FireStation #1 on the site of the temporary trailer area.


Accomplishments

The new design is consistent with the building layoutplan and the plan for future parking and landscapingin the area.

An augmented scope (Blue Book) was completedfor a proposed 1995 GPP to replace Fire Station #2 atSite 300. The AD for Defense and NuclearTechnologies supports the S300 Fire Station/MedicalFacility Project for FY98 funding as a first priorityproject. HCD will resubmit the project for FY98.

HCD contributed to a classified area, core con-traction study by the Safeguards and SecurityDepartment (S&SD) in cooperation with PE. One ofthe desired features is the Fifth Street extension to theInner Loop Drive to open up east–west access acrossthe Laboratory. HCD Trailer 2629 is in the path of thatextension. PE has proposed exchanging Trailer 2629for Trailer 2679. HCD accepted a request from PE SitePlanning to exchange HCD trailers 2629, 2626, and2633 for NAI trailer 2679. The affected groups wouldbe ET&SAG and MIST.

Official ownership of the ES&H Team 4 Trailerwas transferred to HCD from the Energy Directorate.This was part of a negotiated agreement involvingEnergy, Plant Operations, PE, and HCD.

HCD Institutional Activities

The ES&H leadership role of the departmentfrom an institutional standpoint was quite evident in1995, as HCD played a major part in the successfuldevelopment of the following:

• DOE Pilot Oversight Program of the three UC-operated national laboratories—LLNL, LawrenceBerkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), and LANL

• DOE Integrated Safety Management System

• Appendix F of the UC/DOE contract for LLNLthat contains the Performance Measures by whichDOE assesses UC’s management and operation ofLLNL.

HCD External Activities

HCD personnel remain active in many nationaland international organizations and committees thathave a direct impact on the standards and require-ments that affect LLNL, including the following:

• International Society for Respiratory Protection—President 1995-1997

• American Society for Testing and Materials, F-23Committee on Protective Clothing—ViceChairman 1995-1997

• American National Standards Institute (ANSI),Z88 Secretariat—Ongoing Chairman; Writinggroup for an ANSI standard on “EmergencyResponse to Criticality Accidents”; RewriteCommittee for American National Standard ofRadiation Protection Instrumentation Test andCalibration ANSI N323-1978—Member; ANSI Z-13 Committee on “Radiation Protection”—Member; ANSI Z-42 Committee—Member;Chairman of the ANSI 13.43 Working Group onanthropometric phantoms. This work will helpestablish appropriate standards for the use ofhuman surrogate structures in the measurementof internally deposited radionuclides.

• National Institute of Occupational Safety andHealth, Worker’s Family Protection Task Force—Member, September 1994–June 1998

• Board of Directors of the American IndustrialHygiene Association (AIHA)—1995–1998;Member of three AIHA committees—BiologicalMonitoring, Gas and Vapor Detection, andLaboratory Accreditation

• Member of the International Commission onRadiological Units Working Group on “TheDetermination of Internally DepositedRadionuclides.” This group will define appropri-ate methods for the measurement of internallydeposited radionuclides.

• Member of several National Fire ProtectionAssociation (NFPA) Committees: Structural FireFighting Protective Clothing and Equipment,Respiratory and Personal Alarm Equipment, Fireand Emergency Services Protective Clothing and

Noontime picnic and Wellness event sponsored by theAdministrative Services Division.


Accomplishments

Equipment, Laser Fire Safety, Fire ServiceTraining, Water Mist Fire Suppression,Computer Protection, Construction andDemolition, and Fire Service OccupationalSafety and Health

• Membership in the Health Physics Society(HPS); HPS Standards Committee—Chairperson, External Dosimetry; Membershipon the HPS Environmental Pathway ModelingWorking Group

• Participant of the Office of the Joint Chiefs ofStaff and the Office of the Under Secretary ofDefense for Policy, Emergency PlanningDirectorate, Partnership for Peace InternationalProgram

• The ARG Assessment and Evaluation ofNuclear Weapons Accidents—Chairperson ofWorking Group

• Predictive Modeling (HOCWOG 41F) WorkingGroup

• Committee for “Procedures andInstrumentation for Characterizing AirborneRadioactivity in the Workplace,” PLANCO 57(soon to be an ANSI Standard)—Chairperson

• DOE Industrial Hygiene Laboratory Directors’Working Group—Founder and Chairperson

• Accident Response Capabilities CoordinatingCommittee —Member of the H&S WorkingGroup and the Chairperson of the MobileLaboratories Sub-Working Group

• DOE Explosive Safety Committee—Member

• National Council on Radiation Protection, char-tered by the U.S. Congress to make recommen-dations regarding radiation protection stan-dards and practices in the United States—Member

• American Conference of Government IndustrialHygienists (ACGIH)—Chairperson.

Solutions Through Innovation andCreativity

Categorization of Chemicals for Impoundment

Team 1 helped to coordinate LawrenceLivermore’s response to a Notice of Violationreceived from the Central Valley Regional WaterQuality Control Board because of a leaking explo-sives process waste water impoundment. Theyassisted the Chemistry and Materials Science

(C&MS) Division and Site 300 management to catego-rize chemicals shown on the composite chemical listaccording to their compatibility with the surface ofthe impoundment liner. This allowed the defense ofliner compatibility using literature, rather than actualtesting.

Reuse of Enclosed Hazardous Materials for DUS

ES&H Team 3 provided support for excessingequipment to Donation, Utilization, and Sales (DUS)from Buildings 235, 241, and the 222 Complex. Team 3 Industrial Hygienists and Health Physicistsdeveloped agreements on hazardous materials thatare part of usable lab equipment (e.g., enclosedasbestos insulation in scientific ovens). Now workingequipment can be sent out intact for reuse (asopposed to being destroyed in the effort to removehazardous materials that presented no exposure con-cerns).

Waste HEPA Filter Sampling Project

Team 3 worked very closely with theEnvironmental Analytical Services Sampling Groupin C&MS to get the Waste High-Efficiency ParticulateAir (HEPA) Filter Sampling project (OSP 222.161)under way. The Industrial Hygienist provided hands-on specific training on the controls and work prac-tices for the samplers. The Team 3 Health Physicistprovided the safety briefing for the radiological haz-ards. This project will help Hazardous WasteManagement (HWM) reduce the inventory of thesefilters, which are out-of-compliance hazardous waste(i.e., over one year in the HWM facility).

W-79 Dissolution Workstation

Team 3 reviewed the final design of the W-79Dissolution Workstation. The first of several W-79Dissolution Workstation boxes was shipped to thePantex Plant in mid-July. Team 3 safety professionalswith expertise in Explosives Safety, Health Physics,Industrial Hygiene, and Industrial Safety and FireProtection worked with the Pantex Plant and safetypersonnel to ensure that the workstation was proper-ly identified and met Pantex acceptance criteria.

Student and New Hire Safety Orientation

Team 3 assisted the Physics & Space TechnologyDirectorate in the development of an innovative sum-mer student/new hire safety program that is beingemulated by other directorates and ES&H Teams. Inthis program, ES&H professionals from Team 3 giveorientation tours of Lawrence Livermore for students


Accomplishments

and new hires. The program was initiated in responseto a recommendation that was made after a 1993 acci-dent that involved two students.

Budget and Financial Information Enhancements

The Administrative Services Division placed thefollowing management information on the HCD fileserver, Baloo (located in the HC Appletalk zone):

• Current and projected HCD budget itemization

• A newly developed spreadsheet for tracking theannual capital equipment budget.This division developed HCD procurement poli-

cies that allow for Lawrence Livermore’s increasinguse of the Procard. These policies allow HCDemployees to purchase items quickly using Procardand, at the same time, maintain a certain level offinancial oversight over department spending. AllHCD Procard holders (approximately 12) are mem-bers of the Procurement Team, and the policies weredeveloped by members of the team.

ASD improved HCD budget projection methodsin 1995. In the normal budget process, projections arebased upon Cost Analysis Reports fromAdministrative Information Systems after makingsmall changes based upon unusual fluctuations inaverage costs anticipated by the Division Leaders. Inthe new method, each division enters its costs fromthe previous month from the Detail Ledger and anyexpected costs for the following months into aspreadsheet. More accurate department cost projec-tions are the result. Projections derived from bothmethods shows large variances from the plan earlyenough to make meaningful adjustments.

The division developed an enhanced WorkBudget Elements (WBEs) to Work Breakdown Systemthat makes each WBE self-contained. All of the itemsneeded for a function are incorporated into a singleWBE. Previously, new WBEs could be developed asdependent elements of a larger WBE. The problemwith the earlier system was that eliminating a high-cost WBE during prioritization would cause the lossof a low-cost WBE function dependent on it.

Assurance Activities

ASD worked with the SLD to successfully down-grade the classification of Building 255 from aNuclear Facility to a Radiological Facility. This build-ing now houses the Special Projects Division.

Fire Protection Support

In 1995, Lawrence Livermore developed a plan tophase out the use of fire protection Halons, beginningwith those used in portable fire extinguishers andfixed fire suppression systems. This managed processincludes interim measures to prevent inadvertent dis-charges of Halon to the environment until theLaboratory’s inventory of Halon systems can bereplaced with acceptable alternatives.

New Analytical Method

The Bioassay Laboratory developed a newmethod for analyzing urine samples for neptunium,uranium, and thorium.

SLD Activities

SLD distributed the Hotspot Health Physicscodes to the Ukraine and Kazakhstan.

The SLD Division Leader was a participant in theRussian Highly Enriched Uranium Project.

Belarus Mobile Laboratory

HCD, in collaboration with the Non-Proliferation/Arms Control and InternationalSecurity Directorate (NAI), fabricated a mobile labo-ratory for the nation of Belarus. The laboratory wasspecifically designed to monitor radiation from anaccident, should one occur, involving dismantlementof nuclear weapons. The mobile laboratory is a dual-axle trailer 12 m long (excluding cab) by 2.4 m wideby 3.8 m high. The trailer also has two self-containedgenerators for electrical power, heating, and cooling.The trailer contains radiation measurement equip-ment and supplies necessary for collecting samplesand measuring radiation levels. The interior of theBelarus mobile laboratory designed and built by the Special

Projects Division.


Accomplishments

trailer has three rooms: a sample entry and prepara-tion area, supply room/office, and a radiation mea-surement laboratory. The sample preparation areacontains a fume hood, water sink with hot and coldwater, hot plates, and counter space for preparingsamples before they enter the radiation measure-ment laboratory. The laboratory contains a liquidscintillation counter, low- and high-energy gammadetector systems, and an alpha-beta gas proportion-al counter. The trailer is also equipped with a largenumber of portable radiation measurement devicesdesigned for field measurements of contaminatedareas. SPD is now focusing its efforts on developinghighly portable, all-terrain, emergency transportand response laboratories.

Health and Safety Training Activities

Classroom instruction:

• Hazards Control has been active in upgradingH&S classroom training through the improve-ment of visual aids, the preparation of severalshort refresher courses, and the addition of newaudio-visual technology to the classroom.

• Many of the viewgraphs used in courses thatoriginated some years ago had become dam-aged with use and typically did not employcolor and graphics to help improve visual inter-est. Trainers worked with subject matter expertswho are the instructors in these courses to“sharpen” their message, making the view-graphs less cluttered and easier to read andadding graphics and color to improve emphasison the most important points of the presenta-tion. Student response to these changes hasbeen good.

• A common complaint from personnel required totake the same course periodically in order toremain qualified is that they need only a shortrefresher course, not the original introductorycourse. This year, several refresher courses weredeveloped by the trainers for the instructors.Typically, the refreshers are no more than half thelength of the introductory course, saving about 50labor hours per class. In the new RadiationControl Technician (RCT) training, the trainershave been especially careful to tailor the coursematerials in such a way that they can be handedout for preview. Then the technicians can “testout” of the classroom portion. This has been sosuccessful that approximately 4,600 labor hoursof classroom training have been avoided. (Eventhe proposed classroom training is about 3.5times shorter than the same training presented atother DOE contractor sites.)

• Classroom technology is also changing. Videotraining and direct electronic projection are nowin use for emphasis (including the possibility ofmotion) and good visual quality, and also toallow comparatively simple modification ofmaterial.

Computer-based training (CBT):

• HCD purchased computer workstations for indi-vidualized training last year. These are speciallyequipped as multimedia workstations with CDROM and laser disc readers. Most of the effortthis year was directed toward finding commercialor government software that was consideredacceptable for LLNL H&S training. It requiredsignificant effort to get these workstations on linebecause each one must be configured for an indi-vidual program. To date, there are courses in thediscipline areas of Industrial Safety, IndustrialHygiene, and Health Physics, and new course-ware is being sought. One CBT course, LaserSafety, so pleased a supervisor from the LaserPrograms that he registered all of his personnel,not just the ones required to take it. One coursewas written for LLNL by a contractor to demon-strate the capabilities of the technology. Severaltrainers are studying the authoring software sothat other courses may be developed in-house.

• So far, students are not demonstrating any timesavings in the use of CBT compared to classroominstruction. A charitable interpretation is thatthey tend to be so fascinated by the software thatthey go through the whole course even if theyknow the information. In one case, however, aStudents in a Health and Safety CBT training class.


Accomplishments

student initially complained about having to gothrough the whole CBT course for a refresher. Itwas explained that he could test out withoutreviewing the material and be finished in just 45minutes. He completed the course in 4 hours, andadmitted that he hadn’t remembered as much ashe thought. The savings is expected to appearwhen students return for refreshers and take thetest-out options.

World Wide Web-based training (WBT):

• Hazards Control trainers have been active inapplying the new Internet technology to training.This technology is highly user friendly, providingdesktop, just-in-time training. Several courseshave been prepared and placed on the LLNLTraining home page. They are different from thetraining provided in organizations outside ofLLNL because they are interactive and haveonline testing, as reported at the NovemberTraining Resource and Data Exchange (TRADE)conference. TRADE has now included theaddress of the LLNL Training home page in theirlist of training sites.

Simplification of ES&H Elements

Health & Safety Manual

In 1995, HCD implemented an Internet version of the H&S Manual that is hyperlinked to theEnvironmental Compliance Manual.3 This makes it easi-er for Lawrence Livermore employees to consult andreview ES&H policies and requirements online. Bypublishing this document online and hyperlinking itto companion documents, HCD has averted an esti-mated $2.8 million to develop and publish a com-bined ES&H manual. Because subject matter in theelectronic H&S Manual is linked to OccupationalHealth and Safety Administration (OSHA), DOE, andother documents, users can access the original sourceof the regulations. Besides being of use to LLNLemployees, the electronic H&S Manual is accessed byother DOE sites and outside organizations.


The Technical Leader for Fire ProtectionEngineering was appointed to a three-year term onthe Member Advisory Council of the NFPA. As amember of the council, he will be responsible forreporting directly to the association management andboard of directors in matters of membership feed-back, suggestions for improvements in the delivery of

NFPA services to its customers, and to serve as agoodwill ambassador for the NFPA.

The LLNL Fire Protection Program Manual4 wascompletely revised, targeting a wider audience thatnow includes managers, facility engineers, assurancemanagers, building coordinators, and ES&H Teammembers in addition to fire protection program staffmembers. This latest revision incorporates the use oficons to identify sections of interest to various usergroups, such as facility-related specialties or fire pro-tection staff.

Radiation Protection Support

Members of HCD spearheaded an effort amongthe DOE contractors to convert the DOE RadiationControl Manual (RCM) from a compliance documentto a guidance document. After a year and a half ofeffort, and with the support of the University ofCalifornia Office of the President, LANL, and LBNL,the effort was successful. The change of status willallow the RCM to be implemented in a cost-effectivemanner at LLNL and at other DOE contractor sites aswell. The cost averted is estimated to be $2 millionper year at LLNL alone.

Lawrence Livermore received final approval fromDOE for the six exemptions requested from 10 CFR

The Health & Safety Manual is now available on the Lab’sInternet Home Page.


Accomplishments

835. The approval of these exemption requests hasbeen incorporated into the electronic version ofSupplement 33.02 to the H&S Manual, which is theprimary implementation document for 10 CFR 835 atLLNL. These exemptions saved Lawrence Livermoreover $250,000 on implementation costs.

Training Development

In support of the DOE/EnvironmentalManagement (EM) Office, SPD was tasked withdeveloping standard courses and course material forrequired DOE training. SPD provided DOE with a listof information including course objectives, intendedaudience, duration, evaluation type, and the names ofcontacts for over 150 training courses received bySPD from vendors, universities, and other DOE con-tractors and facilities. These courses cover some 19technical areas ranging from organizational activitiesto engineering, geology, and hydrology. These cours-es are being evaluated for specific applicability toenvironmental management activities by SPD staffand others throughout DOE. EM intends to use thisinformation to assist in the technical qualificationprogram for EM employees and to provide a serviceto the rest of DOE. Information received as a part ofthis project is presented on the EM Training andEducation Home Page under the category “othercourses.” The Internet address ishttp://www.em.doe.gov/emtrain/index.html.

Development of NFPA Standard 115A Team 2 Fire Protection Engineer was a member

of the Technical Committee on Laser Fire Protection,a principal member of NFPA, and was activelyinvolved in the development of NFPA Standard 115,Recommended Practice on Laser Fire Protection. Thisstandard was officially issued by the NFPA on July21, 1995.

Necessary and Sufficient Task Force ActivitiesES&H Team 4 supported the Health and Safety

Subgroup of the Necessary and Sufficient Task Force.This subgroup was co-chaired by Steve Carr, DivisionLeader for ES&H Team 4, with the assistance of SPDstaff. Team support included a Health Physicist,Industrial Hygienist, Industrial Safety Engineer, aSafety Analyst, and an Administrative Specialist. Afinal draft of the Necessary and Sufficient ES&HStandards was issued for the HWM Project and wasforwarded to the External Confirmation Team. Inaddition, several members from LLNL participated ina Necessary and Sufficient “Lessons Learned” Sessionsponsored by the DOE/Chicago Operations Office.

ES&H Guide for the Safeguards and SecurityDepartment (S&SD)

Team 4 worked on the ES&H Guide for S&SD.This document, which is due for completion in thefirst half of 1996, is based on the LLNL H&S Manual.It is a compilation of the relevant ES&H proceduresand practices that apply to S&SD activities.

OSPs for Long- and Short-Term FacilityShutdowns

Team 4 supported the Legacy Facility Task Forcein developing generic Operational Safety Procedures(OSPs) for both the long-term and short-term shut-down of facilities not containing process contamina-tion. These procedures would be especially useful forpermanent closure of office trailers and like facilitieswhen there is little or no expectation of unusual cont-amination (e.g., radioactivity, beryllium, PCBs).

Electric and Magnetic Fields Program for theCalifornia PUC

A Team 2 Industrial Hygienist has participatedon the Stakeholders Advisory Committee sinceSeptember of 1995 and has been appointed chair ofthe committee for 1996. This committee advises theState of California’s Electric and Magnetic FieldsProgram, which develops policy options for dealingwith concerns about the potential hazards of power-line fields. It is managed by the CaliforniaDepartment of Health Services for the Public UtilitiesCommission (PUC).

Emphasis on Real ES&H Issues

Support for USAF Peacekeeper Flight Tests

Under the auspices of ES&H Team 3, the DeputyDivision Leader for ES&H Team 1 provided on-sitesafety support to the Air Force Flight Systems TestGroup for Peacekeeper Flight Tests at the KwajaleinMissile Range. This support will continue in 1996.

Support for W-79 Dismantlement at Pantex

Eight H&S Technicians from HCD supported theW-79 Preparation for Dismantlement at the PantexPlant. The technicians traveled to Pantex for two-week assignments every six weeks. They wererequired to maintain their Personnel AssuranceProgram and limited plutonium handler status aswell as remaining current on Pantex-required site-specific training. The Team 3 Health Physicist actedas the H&S contact for this project, holding regularmeetings with the H&S Technicians, ensuring that


Accomplishments

safety equipment such as radiation survey instru-mentation and dosimetry were available to crews,and responding to several unusual occurrences.

Decontamination of Former Test ProgramLaboratories in B151

H&S Technicians from ES&H Teams 2 and 3cleaned up and decontaminated five former test pro-gram laboratories in Building 151. These laboratoriesand their contents were surveyed for radioactivecontamination. After completion of the surveys, thelaboratories were retrofitted to receive the occupantsfrom Building 281.


Fire Protection Engineering continued to active-ly participate in the development of DOE-prescribedcodes and standards through membership on sever-al national and international technical committees ofthe NFPA.

Fire Protection Engineering led an effort to closemany of the outstanding Factory Mutual audit find-ings using the Equivalency Process. After extensiveanalysis under currently existing conditions, it wasdetermined that many of the original audit recom-mendations were either no longer valid or not costeffective. Using an equivalency process developed

by LLNL that was agreed to by Fire ProtectionEngineering in the DOE/Oakland Operations Office,12 of the original recommendations for HCD wereclosed out, thus avoiding unnecessary major expenditures.

Radiation Protection Support

The Laboratory continues to make an aggressiveeffort to minimize occupational radiation doses to itsemployees. Beginning in 1993, this effort was incor-porated into the UC Contract Performance Measures.Since that year, the collective doses have decreasedfrom 30 to 11 person-rem. Although some of thereduction has been the result of decreased workload,much of the dose reduction is the result of the posi-tive impact of the dose reduction procedures imple-mented during the inventory reduction effort in thePlutonium Facility.

Support for Programmatic Activities

Team 1 provided significant safety support forongoing and new programmatic activities. Two newmajor activities in the High Explosives ApplicationsFacility that required significant ES&H team supportincluded the Molten Salt Destruction Unit, which isan R&D project for the Department of Defense (DoD)for thermally treating explosives waste, and theLLNL Detonator Surveillance Program, which wastransferred to the Laboratory from EG&G Mound.

Laser Guide Star Installation at Lick ObservatoryTeam 2 supported the Laser Guide Star installa-

tion at the Shane Telescope at Lick Observatory,which is a UC facility. Team members made severaltrips to Lick to review the proposed installation, pro-vide laser safety training to Lick personnel, designfire protection for the installation, and evaluatemicrowave radiation levels throughout the Shanetelescope dome while the aircraft intrusion detectorradar mounted adjacent to the Guide Star laserassembly was operating.

LLNL Policy for Refrigerants

A Team 2 Industrial Hygienist drafted aLaboratory-wide policy for refrigerants. This effortwas driven by the concerns of PE employees aboutthe possibility of a refrigerant leak creating danger-ous conditions in the basement of Building 490. Thepolicy was issued to assure that refrigerant issues arehandled consistently throughout the Laboratory.ES&H Team 4, the EMD, and PE were also involvedin the development of this policy.An ES&H Technician is being checked by another team mem-

ber before entering a hazardous area.


Accomplishments

Two-Way Communication, Trust, andPerserverance

The LLNL Pressure Safety Manager chaired aDOE contractor and private industry Pressure Safetyworkshop December 5–7 at the Research DriveTraining Facility. Over 75 DOE contractors, privatecompany personnel, and vendors attended. Theworkshop provided Lawrence Livermore with anopportunity to see what other DOE contractors andprivate industry are doing and the new productsavailable.

A TSPD Explosive Safety Engineer arranged theagenda and served as Program Chairman for the 34thDOE Explosives Safety Engineering Conference, host-ed by Lawrence Livermore from May 10–12.Presentations were given on explosives safety, explo-sives waste disposal, and environmentally relatedtopics. Approximately 60 DOE contractors and DOEOperations Office representatives attended.

Explosives safety experts participated in negotia-tions with DOE-HQ and UC managers concerningthe wording and use of the DOE Explosives SafetyManual with respect to the new DOE Order 440.1.The UC position, strongly supported by the HazardsControl Department, was to have the DOE ExplosivesSafety Manual referenced in DOE Order 470 as a non-mandatory (rather than mandatory) technical stan-dard. This was not supported by other DOE contrac-tors and DOE representatives. However, DOE con-tractors were given significant flexibility concerningthe manual’s applicability to R&D operations.

Record Keeping

Quality Assurance

HCD developed and completed a QualityAssurance Plan, with implementation plans at boththe department and division level.

The department also provided information aboutrecent successful quality efforts to the AD for PlantOperations for presentation to the DOE QualityCouncil. The AD used three of the four projects sub-mitted by HCD in the presentation.

Radiation Protection

Members of HCD worked closely with programpersonnel to develop the LLNL Radiation Protection

Plan (RPP)5 required for the implementation of 10 CFR 835, the new federal law on occupationalradiation protection. This effort involved the develop-ment of the customized facility RPPs for each of theseven nuclear facilities and the 60 radiological facili-ties. This RPP was submitted to the DOE as requiredin December 1995.

Recognition of Quality Work and ES&HExcellence

National ACGIH Award

A Team 4 Industrial Hygienist, David Zalk, washonored with a National Award from the AmericanConference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists.David is the recipient of the John J. BloomfieldAward. This award was established in 1978 and ispresented annually to an Industrial Hygienist whohas made significant contributions to the professionby pursuing occupational health hazards, primarilythrough field work. The Bloomfield Award recipientis invited to serve as a special guest member of theBoard of Directors for one year, followed by a one-year term on the ACGIH Chemical SubstancesThreshold Limit Values Committee and a subsequentone-year term on the Industrial VentilationCommittee.

Edgar Monsanto/Queeny “Safety Professional ofthe Year” Award from ASSE

A Team 4 Industrial Safety Engineer, SteveMcConnell, received the Edgar Monsanto/QueenySafety Professional of the Year award from the SanFrancisco Chapter of the American Society of SafetyEngineers (ASSE). The award is sponsored by theBullard Company. In addition, Steve was named 1995Safety Professional of the Year for Region One of theASSE, making him eligible to compete for the nation-al honor.

1993 Weapons Recognition of Excellence Awards

On August 16, 1995, Admiral Beers presented1993 Weapons Recognition of Excellence awards tosix Hazards Control personnel. Those from Team 1receiving awards were Jim Lewis, radiological controlsupport; Joe Schmitz, radiological control support;and Dave Prokosch, explosives safety support. Thosefrom Team 3 were Peter Baylacq, Pantex Tri-Lab


Accomplishments

Office; Patricia Billy, FSP/OSP Coordinator; andAlbert Celoni, Division Leader, ES&H Team 3. Theawards are for their outstanding contributions as partof the W-48 Cracked Pit Cleanup Team that complet-ed its operations successfully in January 1993.

Radiation Safety Training

The technical leader for the Calibrations andStandards Laboratory (CSL) is the subject matterexpert on portable radiation safety equipment forother HCD organizations. During 1996, CSL providedtechnical expertise, documents, and training in sup-port of the Belarus Mobile Laboratory. Similar exper-tise was supplied to the ET&SAG in assembling thejob performance measure training guides for all radi-ation survey meters in use at LLNL.

Radiation Instruments and Calibration

CSL evaluated and purchased two new types oftraining survey meters for ET&SAG. One type uses aremote control to dial-in survey meter response; theother uses a radio frequency source to simulate radia-tion.

In support of the LLNL project at the Pantexplant, the CSL provided procedures and training forequipment calibration both at LLNL and at Pantex.The alpha survey meters and continuous air monitorsfrom LLNL were serviced by Pantex calibration tech-nicians, using CSL procedures.

With funding from DOE (DP-3) and help fromSPD, information about the CSL was first uploadedonto the Internet under the auspices of the HealthPhysics Instrumentation Committee, an organizationof DOE calibration facilities. The CSL now has itsown Home Page that contains instrument inventorydata, staffing and organization, and workflow infor-mation at the following address:http://www.llnl.gov/HPIC/RADINST/LLNLINST.HTML.

The CSL also completed the DOE intercompari-son testing with instrumentation from PacificNorthwest National Laboratory. Results of the cali-bration of neutron, beta, gamma, and x-ray measure-ments were excellent.

Personnel Dosimetry Projects

Special dosimetry for Lawrence Livermoreemployees, including CR-39 neutron foils, was pro-vided to support the LLNL efforts at the Pantex plant.

The Personnel Dosimetry Laboratory contin-ues to share resources with LBNL. LawrenceLivermore shares its CR-39 track reader withLBNL, and LBNL shares its finger ring reader withLLNL. The two laboratories also share the cost ofdevelopment of the personnel dosimetry databasesystem. This system is being developed at LLNLand will soon be running at both laboratories.

Analytical Laboratory Metals Certification

The Analytical Laboratory was certified by theState of California for metals in drinking waterand waste waters.

This laboratory also submitted an applicationto the Environmental Lead Proficiency TestingProgram for accreditation by the AIHA for envi-ronmental lead analyses.

The SLD lung-counting system is used to determine thepresence of radioactivity in the lungs.


Accomplishments

Fire Prevention Education

EMD was an integral part of providing fire pre-vention education throughout the Livermore JointUnified School District. The division cooperated withthe City of Livermore Fire Department in implement-ing the NFPA “Learn Not To Burn” program in localschools. This integrated curriculum teaches fire prevention concepts in all phases of the school pro-gram, rather than just during Fire Prevention Week.The EMD is responsible for this program at fourschools.

P-32 Intakes Project

The P-32 Intakes Project at the MassachusettsInstitute of Technology (MIT) and National Institutesof Health (NIH) was another interesting SPD projectthat was highly publicized. SPD assisted in the evalu-ation of the internal doses received by personnel atMIT and NIH after someone intentionally contami-nated food with P-32 in nonradiation areas of theseinstitutions. Both incidents were investigated by theFBI and Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and theassistance provided by SPD was greatly appreciatedby all involved.

Internal Dosimetry Assistance Team

This team was formed to provide assistance toDOE and DOE contractors for the performance ofcurrent and retrospective dosimetry, documentationof dosimetry programs, etc. SPD developed an inter-face for multiple intakes using the computer code

CINDY, and performed retrospective dose calcula-tions for EG&G Mound.

Beryllium Air Monitor

SPD worked on this project to evaluate the tech-nical utility of Laser Induced BreakdownSpectroscopy instrumentation developed by LANLand to implement a plan for commercialization andinstrument production. A potential commercial part-ner was identified and specifications for the commer-cial instrument were generated.

Occupational Safety and Health Support

In support of the DOE/Defense Programs Office,SPD engineers worked to provide technical supporton environment, safety, and health matters. SPD pro-vided technical training in safety disciplines to DOEstaff and management, generated monthly statusreports and occasional safety information noticeshighlighting important ES&H issues, issued technicalreviews of existing and proposed ES&H regulatoryconcerns, provided technical support to DOE onES&H planning issues, and participated in DOEES&H strategic plan development and review.

NEST Support

A group of SPD and other HCD staff developedthe Hazards Analysis and Safety Assessment(HA&SA) for the 1995 NEST Training Drill (JIGSAW-95). The drill, which was conducted as a readinessactivity by Nevada Test Operations and NAI,occurred during the week of December 4, 1995, atArea 27 NTS. It included over 100 DOE technical andDoD Explosives Ordnance disposal personnel andwas witnessed by members of the DNFSB staff. Thedrill utilized a simulated nuclear device that con-tained special nuclear material. The HA&SA, whichwas developed during mid-September to earlyNovember, covered the assembly and disassembly ofthe device as well as an analysis of the potential haz-ards associated with the drill. The project was com-pleted on time and did not receive any comments orquestions from the DOE/Nevada Operations Officeduring the approval process. NAI, DOE, and DoDstated that JIGSAW-95 was highly successful andgreatly contributed to the readiness of the NEST per-sonnel and operations.

In September 1995, the SPD, members of ES&HTeams, and other HCD personnel participated in theweek-long Display Select exercise in the State of

Firefighters demonstrating their equipment to a group ofyoung students.


Accomplishments

Virginia in support of NEST efforts for theEmergency Response Program. HCD personnel wereheavily involved in the year-long planning for thisexercise, and during the actual exercise were playersand served as controllers/evaluators.

Measurement and Feedback to LLNL

Industrial and Explosive Safety Support

In 1993, HCD identified the top three injury typesand initiated a campaign to reduce their frequencyand severity. The three types were repetitive motioninjuries at workstations, overexertion injuries tobacks, and other overexertion injuries. The reductionin frequency and severity of these injuries was alsoidentified as a UC Contract Performance Measure. Abenchmark was established for these injury types byreviewing data from 1991 through 1993. In the initialphases of the corrective action plan developed toreduce these injuries, HCD acted as a catalyst toincrease management and employee awareness. HCDhas performed more than 500 workstation evalua-tions per year since 1992, conducted ergonomics safe-ty training classes, prepared Newsline articles, andevaluated new ergonomic equipment. These effortshave significantly decreased the severity rates forthese repetitive motion injuries. In 1995, the severitybased on lost and restricted workdays decreased by afactor of 2 from 1993.

The total number of reported electrical shocks hasbeen decreasing for the past few years. However, asshown in Fig. 3, the number of serious electricalshocks increased during the past two years. Inresponse to this trend, HCD initiated a new campaignto reduce the number of serious electrical shocks.This effort included the development of electricalsafety awareness briefings, the publication of several“Lessons Learned” on electrical safety incidents, thedevelopment of a draft on-the-job electrical safetytraining policy and program, revisions to Chapter 23and Supplements 23.01 and 26.13 of the Health &Safety Manual,1 and development of a new Web-basedelectrical safety training course. In addition to theseefforts, Hazards Control has established a new LLNLElectrical Safety Review Committee that replaces theold Electrical Safety Committee.

Injury, Illness, and Fire Loss Statistics

This section contains loss statistics for LLNLoperations. The injury and illness data cover both UC and supplemental labor employees working for LLNL.

Injury and Illness FrequencyInjury and illness statistics from Lawrence

Livermore’s H&S Program indicate that the numberof lost and restricted workday cases per 200,000 per-son hours [i.e., the number of hours worked by 100 FTEs in a year] has been steadily declining sincethe first quarter of 1993 (see Fig. 4). LawrenceLivermore statistics also indicate that LLNL hasmaintained a frequency rate significantly below theU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) five-year aver-age for general industry.

Nu

mb

er p

er y

ear

45

40

30

35

20

25

10

15

1991 1992 1993 1994 19950

5

Potentially lethal

Serious

Minor

Figure 3. Electrical shocks at LLNL.

Cas

es/1

00 F

TE

s

4

3

2

1

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q41993

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q41994

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q41995

5-year industry average (BLS)

0

Figure 4. Frequency of lost and restricted workday cases atLLNL per 200,000 person hours.


Accomplishments

Injury and Illness SeverityIn 1993, HCD identified and focused resources

on the top three causes of injuries and illnesses atLLNL (all repetitive stress injuries). The departmentassisted in the development and then implemented aLawrence Livermore corrective action plan. Since1993, LLNL severity rates for these types of injurieshave dropped dramatically (Fig. 5).

Figure 6 shows the overall LLNL severity ratesfor injuries and illness from all causes between 1993to 1995.

Fire Loss StatisticsThe Laboratory suffered no reportable loss due to

fire in 1995.One EMD emergency response goal is a 5-minute

total response time to emergency incidents at theSNL-CA and LLNL sites for 95% of the incidents.Figure 7 shows the EMD response record for 1994and 1995.

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

L/R

wo

rkd

ays/

100

FT

Es

1991–93 1994 1995

RMI

Back

Other

Figure 5. Accident severity rates at LLNL as lost and restrictedworkdays per 200,000 person hours.

L/R

wo

rkd

ays/

100

FT

Es

40

30

20

10

1993 1994 19950

50

60

70

Figure 6. Overall LLNL injury and illness severity rates asmeasured in lost and restricted workdays per 200,000 personhours (i.e., per 100 FTEs).

% o

f re

spo

nse

s in

<5

min

.

100

90

95

80

85

70

75

65

60Feb Mar Apr

Goal

May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec FebJan JanMar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec1994 1995

Figure 7. Fire Department emergency response time.


Accomplishments

Ionizing Radiation Trends

Since 1993, the person-rem doses incurred atLLNL have decreased from 30 to 11 person-rem (Fig. 8). Although some of the dose reductionwas the result of decreased workload, much of itis attributable to the procedures implementedduring the inventory reduction effort in thePlutonium Facility.

Figure 8. Annual LLNL employee external person-rem datafrom 1988–1995.

Per

son

-rem

40

30

20

10

1988 19891990 1991 1992 1993 1994 19950


Safety Laboratories Division ActivitiesThe number of analyses and other activities per-

formed by SLD in 1995 are summarized below bylaboratory:

Analytical LaboratoryAnalyses 14,000

Bioassay LaboratoryAnalyses 4300

Calibrations & Standards LaboratoryRadiation survey instruments calibrated 2200

IH Instruments LaboratoryInstruments calibrated 1000Instruments repaired 140HEPA filters tested 450

Personnel Dosimetry LaboratoryPersonnel dosimeters/monitoring samples evaluated 50,000

Radiological Measurements LaboratoryGross alpha-beta samples analyzed 50,000Liquid scintillation samples analyzed 8700

Respirator Services LaboratoryClients trained 800Respirators tested 3200Filters tested 6100Respirators processed 10,000

Whole Body Counter LaboratoryWhole body counts 480Alpha spectroscopy 470

IV. Customer Services

ES&H Team Services

Table 1. Major ES&H Team services and scope of support activities for 1995 at LLNL.

Team 1 Team 2 Team 3 Team 4 Totals

Gross Program Covered (ft2)a 513,360 1,636,403 2,224,097 1,924,261 6,298,121

LLNL Population Supportedb 590 2713 2934 4586 10,823

Safety Procedures Processed in 1995New OSPs 39 8 48 13 108

Canceled OSPs 51 13 87 15 166

New FSPs 5 0 4 1 10Canceled FSPs 0 0 1 2 3

Active Safety Procedures as of December 1995OSPs 128 77 162 50 417

FSPs 12 9 29 12 62

Health Hazards Assessments, Initial 30 50 56 100 236Safety Evaluations, or Project Work Plans Issued

Asbestos Work Permits Issued 7 4 30 41 82

Design Reviews 36 37 103 211 387

Reviews of Supervisor’s Accident 46 130 212 578 966Analysis Reports

Number of buildings inspected 14 72 78 112 276

aEstimate based on responsibility by Facility AD. bIncludes UC-LLNL employees, supplemental labor and other contract employees, visiting staff, and on-site DOE employees.


EMD uses the California Fire Incident ReportingSystem (CFIRS) to document and report fire experi-ence. This system is a subset of the National FireIncident Reporting System; information is reported ina standard, comparable format. Table 3 is in CFIRSformat. It gives a breakdown of the situations foundfor fire-related incidents in 1995.

Table 4 lists the buildings with the most frequentdemands for service from EMD in 1995. The 14 build-ings listed account for 25% of EMD’s emergencyresponses.

Table 3. Fire-related incidents reported in 1995.

Situation Responses (%)

Fire 3Hazardous condition 4Excess heat or overheat 8Odor of smoke 10System malfunction 10No cause found 11Electric arc or short 15False alarm 19Unintentional alarm 20

Emergency Management Division Activities

Table 2. Incident responses by the Emergency Management Division.

On-Site Emergency Responses

To LLNL To Site 300Type from Station 1 To SNL–CA from Station 2 Total

Fire related 416 40 35 491Ambulance 143 12 7 162HazMat 75 1 1 77Service 58 0 0 58

Total On-Site 692 53 43 788

Automatic Aid Calls (Fire)a 350 NA 8 358

Automatic Aid Calls (Ambulance)a 30 NA 1 31Mutual Aid Callsb 24 NA 0 24

Total Off-site 404 NA 9 413

Total 1096 53 52 1201

aA cooperative unconditional agreement to automatically provide reciprocal assistance when called by another fire department.bAn agreement to provide assistance to another fire department that is involved in containing a major emergency in their juris-diction, and which has depleted its fire/rescue resources and needs additional resources in order to handle the emergency.

Customer Services

Table 4. Buildings at LLNL with the highest service demands in 1995.

Building # Fire Ambulance Other Subtotals

490 28 4 106 138332 7 4 125 136391 17 3 81 101131 15 5 52 72511 4 1 63 68132 15 3 45 63231 7 3 43 53551 15 6 27 48141 8 2 29 39241 4 0 27 31121 6 2 21 29321 7 1 19 27191 1 1 25 27222 6 0 20 26

Total 140 35 683 858


Permits Issued by EMD

A total of 1436 fire permits were issued in 1995for open flame use. The Fire Permit Program isdesigned to prevent unwanted fires from any opera-tion that involves an open flame. Fire Fighters inspecteach location and issue a permit for the use of theopen flame if the operation meets certain safety criteria.

The total number of Fire Control/AlarmImpairment Permits issued by the EmergencyManagement Division were:

• 733 fire alarm system impairments

• 372 extinguishing system impairments.These permits were approved and tracked by

EMD Duty Chiefs to ensure proper restoration of thesystems. This Impairment Control Program isdesigned to confirm that installed fire protection sys-tems are operational. Fire alarm or detection systemsand fire extinguishing systems cannot be placed intoany mode except fully operational unless a change instatus is approved by the Duty Fire Chief. Theseimpairments are tracked and the status verified daily.Fire department personnel also restore these systemsafter use to reduce the chances of accidental waterdamage.

Fire Prevention Inspections

As part of the EMD fire prevention program,each fire extinguisher, sprinkler system control valve,water supply block valve, and required emergencylight is inspected monthly. Inspections ensure thateach piece of equipment is in place and in operationalcondition. Each inspection is documented via barcode reader and records are maintained on a comput-er system. The equipment inspected during 1995 issummarized in Table 5.

The division also maintain pre-plans for everybuilding at LLNL. These contain key plans, maps,information about utilities and shut-off locations, and

information about special hazards or high-valueequipment. The pre-plans are provided and updatedby the H&S Technician assigned to the building. Thepre-plans are verified by Division Fire Fighters dur-ing each monthly inspection.

EMD Dispatch Center (B313) Activities

Dispatch center activity is usually measuredusing the term “demands for service.” That termrefers to a transaction that requires the dispatcher totake an action involving dispatching, alerting, or noti-fying a person, LLNL organization, external agency,or apparatus (e.g., City of Livermore FireDepartment). The second measure of dispatch centeractivity is the number of telephone calls handled,including 911 emergency calls. Telephone calls maybe a demand for service or the dispatcher may simplyprovide information to the caller. Table 6 describesthe activity of the EMD Emergency Dispatch Centerin 1995 by day of the week.

Cost of Fire Protection

Government property is uninsured for propertyloss resulting from fire. The ultimate cost of any loss,with or without replacement, is borne by theAmerican taxpayer. This, and the unique and criticalnature of many LLNL facilities, places a premium onthe effectiveness of Lawrence Livermore fire-fightingcapabilities. The DOE philosophy historically hasbeen that it is worth maintaining a high level ofemergency response if the cost of providing this ser-vice is less than the cost of fire insurance. In order toassure that the Fire Department is cost effective, HCD

Customer Services

Table 6. EMD Dispatch Center activity in 1995 by dayof the week.

Demands for TelephoneDay of Week Service Calls

Sunday 482 964

Monday 844 2110

Tuesday 1009 2522

Wednesday 1043 2607

Thursday 1029 2572

Friday 926 2315Saturday 680 1360

Total 6013 14,450

Table 5. Fire prevention inspections performed byequipment type.

Type Inspections /month

Fire extinguishers 3485

Sprinkler valves 836

Emergency lights 285


evaluates the cost of fire protection as a ratio to thevalue of property protected. Table 7 summarizes thecost of emergency response over the past three years.

Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)Serviced

Over 100 SCBA units were checked, serviced, andrebuilt by EMD. This division maintains all SCBAand supplied air-line apparatus used for various spe-cialized operations at LLNL.

Classes Given by Hazards ControlA total of 1398 H&S classes were given and

10,376 individual course completions were enteredinto the Laboratory Repository of CompletedCourses, the LLNL employee education tracking sys-tem. The number of courses will rise compared to thenumber of completions as more CBT/WBT training isprovided because these are counted as one class perstudent. RCT training will also move the statistics inthis direction since much of the practical training isone-on-one. The “academic” RCT training was pro-vided to 40 H&S Technicians in batches this year. In future years, it will be nearly one-on-one becauseonly a few new H&S Technicians will be hired.

PHAs and SARs Performed During 1995The ET&SAG was very active working with pro-

gram customers in 1995 to prepare safety analysisdocumentation for LLNL facilities. The six FTEsassigned to this work were responsible not only forcoordinating the numerous PHAs and SARs, but alsoperformed the detailed technical analyses that wereincorporated into these documents. Each of theseextensive and lengthy documents typically requiredhundreds of hours for HCD to prepare and runthrough the internal LLNL customer approval cycle.The PHAs and SARs are very important in establish-ing the hazard classification or safety envelope for abuilding that makes it possible to use a gradedapproach to implement ES&H controls within thebuilding.

A PHA for determining facility classification wascompleted for each of the following buildings: 132S,222, 231, 241, 321A/C, 334, 341, 344, 345, B381 LabWing, 391, 394, 518/518A, 406, 520, and 840.

A SAR was completed for each of the followingbuildings: 231V/232FA/233V, 322, 816, and theExplosive Waste Treatment Facility at Site 300.

In addition, a Justification for ContinuedOperation was completed for Building 829.

Customer Services

Table 7. Cost of emergency response in total dollars and as cost of fire protection vs cost of insurance per $100 value.

Emergency response Value protected Insurance cost / Cost of EMDYear cost ($million) ($million) $100 value protection/$100 value

1993 $4.652 $4280 $0.23 $0.11

1994 4.652 4701 0.23 0.101995 4.974 5174 0.23 0.10


Overview

Centrifuge FailureOn April 26, 1995, the rotor of a small bench-top

centrifuge in Building 281, Room 1311, disintegratedand injured a Seaborg Institute Student. The DivisionLeader, a Health Physicist, Industrial Hygienist,Industrial Safety Engineer, and H&S Technicians fromTeam 3 and the Health Physics Technical Leader fromTSPD responded to the incident. The studentreceived cuts on the right index finger, neck, and chinthat were contaminated with high specific activityradioactive materials. EMD paramedics transportedthe student to the Health Services DecontaminationFacility. The decontamination of Room 1311 was com-pleted in June, thanks to Building 332 personnel andTeam 3 H&S Technologists. An Incident Analysis wascompleted and a “Lessons Learned” article publishedregarding the incident, along with articles in theLLNL Newsline, the DOE Operating Weekly Summary,and the local newspaper.

The SLD also supported the response to this inci-dent. The Bioassay Lab Team prepared samples to becounted on the gamma counter; processed medicalwaste, urine, and fecal samples; and analyzed sam-ples for uranium on the Kinetic PhosphorescenceAnalyzer.

The Whole Body Counter Team completed manywound and whole body counts to assist in determin-ing the total dose. The Analytical Laboratory andRadiological Measurements Teams responded to rushsample counts, and the Industrial HygieneInstrument Lab and Respirator Lab Teams respondedwith equipment. The dose received from the incidentis in the process of evaluation by the InternalDosimetry Coordinator. Many of the early woundcounts were performed at the Health Services Facilityusing a portable system brought on line earlier in the year.

Employee FallThe Team 3 Industrial Safety Engineer responded

to a call involving an Engineering Technical Associatewho slipped and fell backwards while climbing stairsin Building 321A, R-1037. The employee unknowing-ly stepped backwards into a pool of vacuum pumpoil that had leaked out of a stored pump just before

he started climbing the metal stairs. When he slipped,he was carrying items in his hands that apparentlyprevented him from holding onto the handrail. Thefall resulted in momentary unconsciousness and trau-ma to his head, neck, and spinal cord that requiredhospitalization. This injury was recordable as a lostworkday injury. It was also reported to the DOE as anOff-Normal Occurrence. Due to the severity of theincident, DOE convened a Type B accident investiga-tion to which Team 3 provided support.

Power OutageES&H Team 1 staff provided emergency and

investigative support to the following incident, whichwas reported to DOE as an Unusual Occurrence. Amaintenance mechanic on a weekend tour of thePlutonium Facility noted an abnormal accumulationof rainwater in a conduit run. When he attempted toremove a sealing compound from the conduit using alarge, long-bladed screwdriver, the screwdriver con-tacted the high-voltage conductors (480 V). Thescrewdriver was also in contact with the conduit thatsupplied the ground path. The maintenance mechanicwas not injured in the incident. Power to the facilitywas interrupted for approximately 9 hours whileelectricians replaced the damaged conductor.

Finger-Ring Dosimeter ContaminationA glove failed during use for personnel protec-

tion during P-32 work, contaminating the skin of aresearcher. ES&H Team 2 staff investigated the inci-dent. They consulted with the manufacturer of theglove, who indicated that this particular type wasonly intended for clean room operations (i.e., protec-tion of products, circuit boards, etc.) and not for per-sonnel protection. Supplies of the glove type in ques-tion were removed from stock, replaced by a moredurable glove, and a “Lesson Learned” was issued.

Beamlet Spatial Filter ImplosionDuring evening operations in early April 1995, a

Beamlet laser spatial filter fractured and implodedunder vacuum, causing an estimated $128,000 dam-age and temporarily halting the project. The area in

V. Support to Significant LLNL Incidents

Support to Significant LLNL Incidents


Building 381 where this occurred was unmannedduring a system shot, and therefore no one wasendangered by the incident. The DOE/OaklandOperations Office reviewed the situation and formeda Type B Accident Investigation Board to determineroot causes of the incident and fix judgments of needfor corrective actions. An Industrial Safety Engineerfrom ES&H Team 2 served on the Board and also onthe three-member interview team that developed a

case history and sequence of events for the incident.The safety engineer assisted with calculations forestablishing a “keep out” exclusion zone around theBeamlet spatial filters when they are under vacuum.The exclusion zone provides a safeguard against eardrum rupture in the event of another spatial filterimplosion. Additional inspection methods to assessoptics damage were developed and will be incorpo-rated into the operation of the NIF.

Support to Significant LLNL Incidents


Overview

As always, many important health and safetyrelated papers, articles, and other professional docu-ments were published by HCD staffers in 1995. A par-tial list of some of the significant works and presenta-tions is given here.

Beason, Donald G., James S. Johnson, Kenneth L.Foote, and William Weaver, Summary ReportCalifornia Department of Forestry and Fire ProtectionEvaluation of Full-Face Respirators for Wildland FireFighting Use, Lawrence Livermore NationalLaboratory, Livermore, CA (UCRL-CR-122559) 1995.

Borzileri, Chuck, “High Pressure Facility at LLNL,”NASA/DOD Pressure Systems Seminar, Orlando,Florida, 1995.

Borzileri, Chuck, “LLNL/DOE Pressure SafetyProgram,” NASA/DOD Pressure Systems Seminar,Orlando, Florida, 1995.

Brereton, S. J., T. Altenbach, W. Banks, G. Brumburgh,S. Cantlin, J. Halstead, D. Heinrichs, T. Ladran, J. Mason, D. Pomplun, D. Serpa, and H. Woo,“Inadvertent Criticality Accident Analysis forLLNL’s Plutonium Facility,” 5th Annual DOEEnergy Facilities Contractor Group Meeting, SafetyAnalysis Workshop, June 19–23, 1995.

Campbell, George, and Joel Wong, “EnvironmentalSafety and Health Requirements at a FederalFacility,” Proceedings of the 12th Annual HAZMA-CON, April 1995.

Counts, David, and Joel Wong, “Repetitive StressInjury Reduction at LLNL through EmployeeInvolvement,” DOE Quality Summit, May 1995.

Homann, Steve, Hotspot Health Physics Codes for the PC(Russian version), Lawrence Livermore NationalLaboratory, Livermore, CA (UCRL-MA118617)1995.

Johnson, James S., and S. Z. Mansdorf, Eds.,Performance of Protective Clothing, 5th ASTMSymposium, 1995. This publication improved stan-dards for the performance of protective clothingfor all personnel at LLNL.

Lipska-Quinn, Anne E., Ronald Lopez, Conrad Woods,Ray Mazuch, and Kenneth Lee, Pantex MaterialsDatabase for W-56 Dismantlement and Disposition ofParts, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory,Livermore, CA (UCRL-ID-121390) 1995.

Lipska-Quinn, Anne E., Ronald Lopez, Debra Mason,and Kenneth Lee, Pantex Materials Database for W-70 Dismantlement and Disposition of Parts,Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory,Livermore, CA (UCRL-ID-121386) 1995.

Lipska-Quinn, Anne E., Ronald Lopez, RobertSchuldheiz, Elvis Spencer, and Kenneth Lee,Pantex Materials Database for W-71 Dismantlementand Disposition of Parts, Lawrence LivermoreNational Laboratory, Livermore, CA (UCRL-ID-121391) 1995.



Mallett, M. W., D. P. Hickman, D. A. Kruchten, and J. W. Poston, Sr., Development of a Method forCalibrating In Vivo Measurement Systems UsingMagnetic Resonance Imaging and Monte CarloComputations, Lawrence Livermore NationalLaboratory, Livermore, CA (UCRL-JC-106915)1991.

Prokosch, D. W., R. L. Simpson, and R. W. Swansiger,Explosives Handling and Stability Review IntervalProgram at LLNL, Lawrence Livermore NationalLaboratory, Livermore, CA (UCRL-ID-120263)1995.

Singh, Mike S., G. W. Campbell, and H. N. Kornblum,Radiation dose levels generated by the interactions ofintense short laser pulses with substances, LawrenceLivermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA(UCRL-JC-119765ABS) 1995.

Sutcliffe, W. G., R. H. Condit, W. G. Mansfield, D. S.Myers, D.W. Layton, and P.W. Murphy, APerspective on the Dangers of Plutonium, LawrenceLivermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA(UCRL-JC-118825) 1995.

VI. Professional Publications and Presentations


Overview

Effects due to changes in resources (e.g., funding,staff) or requirements that may impact operations atLawrence Livermore or are of concern to the HCDLeadership are discussed in this section.

Off-Shift H&S Technician ProgramDuring off-shift hours, weekends, and holidays,

HCD keeps a single H&S technician on duty at LLNLto provide ES&H support for on-site emergencies.The technician is also available to perform specialES&H-related activities (e.g., conduct building tours,issue roof access permits, monitor areas) at therequest of various programs. Currently, no institu-tional (overhead) dollars are used to fund this pro-gram. All the cost (4.5 FTEs) is borne by the organiza-tions requesting special activities. Recently, someorganizations have been reluctant to pay for a pro-gram that also directly benefits areas outside theirorganization. If one or two organizations that fundthe lion’s share of the off-shift program withdrawtheir funding allocations, the overall program will beinsufficiently funded and will have to end. This couldseriously impact the time it takes for specially quali-fied personnel (e.g., all off-shift H&S technicians arecertified as Radiation Control Technicians) to respondto emergencies. It will also impact HCD’s ability toprovide appropriate health and safety guidance toothers (e.g., fire fighters, maintenance personnel,security personnel) responding to emergencies atLLNL. While HCD has explored other ways of meet-ing the needs for off-hours ES&H support (e.g., call-out list, on-call emergency duty officers, additionaltraining in ES&H for EMD fire fighters), the currentoff-shift technician program has consistently beenshown to be the most cost-effective option.

DOE Order Reduction EffortThe DOE Order reduction effort has led to less

prescriptive DOE requirements. This has been wel-comed by DOE contractors. HCD not only supportsthis but was also very involved in the effort to con-vince DOE to allow greater flexibility in meetingrequirements. However, in some areas, the neworders have added more items for LLNL to do, whichcould increase the cost of Laboratory operations. For

example, the new transportation safety order, ifaccepted by UC for use at LLNL, would requireLLNL to package and handle the internal (i.e., withinthe boundaries of LLNL-Livermore or LLNL-Site 300)movement of hazardous/radioactive materialsbetween buildings just as if the materials were beingshipped outside LLNL on public roadways. Meetingthe Department of Transportation regulations ontraining, shipping containers, certification of drivers,and vehicle specification would add several hundredthousands of dollars annually to the cost of movingitems around LLNL.

In addition to the direct reduction and consolida-tion of DOE orders, some orders are being convertedinto federal regulations (e.g., 10 CFR 835).Noncompliance would no longer be just a contractualissue between UC and the DOE, but a potential viola-tion of federal law that could subject UC/LLNL as aninstitution, or even individual UC/LLNL managers,to civil or criminal prosecution. As such, more atten-tion is given to strict compliance to the requirementsof these laws with less allowance for interpretationbased upon LLNL operations. In the past, the concernthat LLNL might unknowingly fail to comply with aportion of a new regulation mandated that HCDdevelop detailed implementation plans and timelinesfor LLNL compliance with the development costabsorbed by the institution.

Lastly, less prescriptive mandates, reduced fund-ing, and a general move toward industry standards,coupled with hazards that are unique to an R&Denvironment, will require LLNL line managers toremain on guard against inadvertently increasing riskin their operations. More than ever, HCD will contin-ue to work with LLNL programs to help themachieve and maintain the level of safety that is bothcost effective and appropriate for the work they arepursuing.

Safety Analysis SupportThere will be a continuing need for effort in the

safety analysis area, directed toward maintenance ofexisting documentation and support for developmentof the safety basis for new programs or operations.As part of the maintenance effort, there will be a

VII. Areas of Concern


need—and in some cases a requirement—for formalannual or triennial reviews of approved safety analy-sis documents. This will also require a more formallink between the limitations, such as technical safetyrequirements (TSRs), contained in the safety analysisdocumentation for a facility and the review ofOSPs/FSPs intended to cover operations in the facility.

Present plans call for HCD to significantly reduceits capability to prepare and review safety analysisdocumentation for program customers.

Hazards Control Design ReviewThe lack of a formal HCD review requirement for

all contractor submittals on major construction pro-jects was identified as a concern in 1995. Whiledesign reviews by HCD are required for conceptualdesign and overall design, there is no signaturerequirement for subsequent contractor submittals ofdetail drawing packages and work plans (e.g., firesprinkler system designs, shop drawings, asbestosabatement plans). Failure to properly identify andresolve issues in all design phases, as well as otherpre-construction phases, is of particular concern tothe programs because problems noted after construc-tion is completed are frequently corrected at programexpense. HCD will be working with PE to resolve thisconcern and ensure that ES&H-related issues areproperly identified and corrected during every stageof design and project planning.

Inspection and Recertification ofPressure Vessels and Systems

Significant downsizing in the High PressureLaboratory has contributed to the number of pressurevessels and systems that are overdue for triennialreinspection. More than 100 are overdue now, and therisk will increase as more vessels and systemsbecome overdue for either inspection or recertifica-tion. HCD will be working with Program AssuranceMangers to help them develop efficient approaches(i.e., removing from service, derating, inspecting) andpriority-based schedules to resolve the backlog ofvessels and systems due for inspection.

Available Resources vs. Legacy FacilityIssues

Space and Site Planning, PE Maintenance andOperations, and the ES&H Teams in HCD are work-ing on legacy facility issues in order to return excess

facilities to a caretaker representing LLNL as an insti-tution. There are four paramount areas of concernregarding legacy facilities:• No designated accounts for routine shutdown,

surveillance, and maintenance activities are avail-able to the ES&H teams

• No specific personnel identified as representa-tives of the institution

• No funding with which to dispose of or demolishfacilities in Returned-To-Institution status

• Too many groups working on the issue withoutcommunicating with each other sufficiently.The Facility Assessment Team, led by Space and

Site Planning, is actively seeking solutions to theseissues, and has established some interim procedures.HCD is represented on this team and is actively pur-suing measures to enhance communications betweenthe various groups working the same or similarissues.

Attrition in Key PersonnelHCD is continuing to lose key personnel from its

cadre of subject matter experts. As a consequence,certain technical positions within the department areclose to being understaffed. Due to the special set ofskills, knowledge, and abilities needed for these posi-tions, finding qualified individuals inside LawrenceLivermore is difficult. Given LLNL-wide restrictionson the hiring of external individuals as career-indefi-nite UC employees, the ability to fill critical positionsis a concern. The HCD divisions are making everyeffort to meet the needs of department clients or cutsupport, where appropriate. HCD is filling vacatedpositions with transfers from other divisions ordepartments inside the Laboratory. Unfortunately,this strategy does not work particularly well becausethe learning curve for many HCD positions is quitesteep, and most customers want support from quali-fied HCD staff right now.

Injury and Illness StatisticsIn the current atmosphere of cost cutting and

downsizing at Lawrence Livermore, HCD is con-cerned about the changes in injury and illness statis-tics that appear to stem from the “do more with less”approach. For example:• Individuals unaccustomed to moving furniture

and heavy boxes are being asked to do so to con-serve declining funds. This, unfortunately, hasresulted in back injuries that ultimately cost theprograms more money.

Areas of Concern


• Conscientious employees who continue to worklong stretches at their computers to get the jobdone can very easily experience more repetitivetrauma disorders than if they took time for ade-quate breaks and exercises.

In times like these, it is important for line man-agers and supervisors to continue to strongly empha-size that it does not pay to shortcut safety to savetime, and that the performance of activities in a man-ner that inappropriately risks the health of employeesis not acceptable.

Criticality SafetyStaffing for Criticality Safety is of concern, given

the limited number of criticality safety engineers atLLNL and the effect this has on the timelines forreviews of procedures and documents. The difficultyin hiring qualified individuals is exacerbated by thesmall number of criticality safety experts in theworld. Hiring has also been impacted by a generalunwillingness of external candidates to take limited-term UC or contract positions at LawrenceLivermore.

Areas of Concern


Overview

In 1996, HCD will continue to emphasize its com-mitment to the APP and work with customers andstakeholders to improve the quality of departmentservices. HCD will look for ways to provide servicesin a cost-wise manner and continue to carry out itsmission using technically sound and responsiblesolutions to ES&H issues.

In the past, the department has proactively met theES&H needs of LLNL, and is committed to doing soin the future. As Lawrence Livermore continues tomove forward in an era distinguished by changes inmission, levels of funding, and external regulationsand oversight, HCD must stay dynamic yet maintaincore technical competencies in order to support theLaboratory in whatever direction is required.

Some of the department activities planned for thecoming year are described below.

ES&H Teams

NIF Design

ES&H Team 2 will continue to support thedetailed design efforts for the NIF, including siteselection and the design of ancillary buildings neededfor it.

Radioactivity Allowance Tracking System

H&S Technicians from ES&H Team 3 will beimplementing a new Radioactivity AllowanceTracking System within C&MS facilities. This newsystem will allow C&MS to keep track of the typesand quantities of radioactive materials as they aremoved into and out of C&MS facilities. H&STechnicians will be responsible for entering all trans-actions into the new system.

Partnership Program Pilot

ES&H Team 4 is exploring a Partnership ProgramPilot with ES&H Team 1. Teams 1 and 4 believe thatthis type of working partnership will enhance thedepth of each team’s support structure, facilitate anunderstanding of the partner team’s work, andexpand networking capabilities with clientele. Thepilot program will be designed to retain the individu-ality of the teams and maintain client-team bound-

aries as appropriate. It is hoped that the pilot canenhance an integrated response to client needs andinvigorate innovation at the grass-roots level. Someexperimental objectives could focus on the advan-tages of load sharing, cross-training, and adminis-trative cooperation. The primary aims are to facili-tate inter-team transfers, furnish deeper ES&Hinsight into generic problems, and field an expand-ed issue resolution capability.

Construction Subcontractor Safety Plan

ES&H Team 4 is upgrading Supplement 1.11,“Construction Subcontractor Safety Plan,” in theH&S Manual to enhance the LLNL approach to con-struction safety. The “Safety, Accident Prevention,and Fire Protection Plan” in this Supplement isintended to make all personnel working on a con-struction subcontract thoroughly aware of the needto eliminate all possible causes of accidents. Thisrevision will better enable subcontractors to under-stand just how important ES&H issues are to theLaboratory. ES&H Team 4 is promoting the conceptthat a good safety plan is only useful when a sub-contractor has a good safety attitude.

Donation, Utilization, and Sales

ES&H Team 4 is supporting DUS by determin-ing the safety requirements for a generic pilot sub-contract for demolition services. This pilot subcon-tract differs from the usual contract for services letby Lawrence Livermore in that the subcontractorspay the Laboratory for the right to come on site andremove specified program-owned equipment. Thesubcontractors then realize financial considerationfor their efforts via the salvage value of the equip-ment removed.

Accident Prevention Program and Strategic Plan

All four ES&H Teams will continue to workwith the programs in support of the department’sAPP and Strategic Plan. This support includes the following:

1. Focusing team resources to reduce risk and promote workplace safety while providing the

Areas of Concern

VIII. Plans for 1996


proper balance between institutional and regula-tory requirements.

2. Continuing to work with the programs to provide and maintain sufficient levels of high-quality ES&H support while making appropri-ate adjustments to meet programmatic needs.

3. Maintaining good communications with pro-gram management.

4. Reviewing discipline safety programs toimprove efficiency and effectiveness and furtherreduce workplace hazards.

5. Providing cooperative support within HCD tomeet budget reductions.

Administrative Services DivisionMost ASD customers are internal to HCD. The division is continuing to look for ways to

improve efficiency and effectiveness. For example,ASD is currently transferring human resource andpayroll data into a new relational database so thatfuture reports can be generated more efficiently.

Technical Support and PolicyDevelopment Division

Direct Access to Material Safety Data Sheets

TSPD will implement a new computer-basedmaterial safety data sheet (MSDS) management sys-tem. This will allow employees to view and printdata sheets from their work areas. Data for all prod-ucts on the ChemTrack inventory are being request-ed and entered into the database.

Electrical Safety Advisory Board

Hazards Control has established a new ElectricalSafety Advisory Board. The primary purpose of theBoard is to provide LLNL with a competent techni-cal resource for identification, recommendations,communications, and guidance regarding electricalsafety issues.

Education, Training, and Safety AnalysisGroup

More CBT and WBT H&S Training

The primary area of effort in H&S Training is tomake more courses available in the CBT or WBT for-mat. HCD trainers are upgrading their authoringskills to understand the capabilities and limitations ofthe present authoring software so that they can gen-erate or modify courses. Some commercial software isavailable and is being reviewed for possible purchaseand use. ET&SAG experience to this point is thatsuch software is usually of low quality; perhaps onlyone program in 30 seems appropriate for LLNL train-ing.

Multimedia Hardware Evaluation

ET&SAG is also continually reviewing the state-of-the-art in multimedia hardware. This is changingvery rapidly and will affect the balance struck at anyone time between classroom presentation, CBT, andWBT. Technical limitations (bandwidth and compati-bility) and equipment limitations (recabling LLNLand upgrading desktop computers) must be consid-ered at the present time because improvements inthese areas lie outside the control of HCD. Trainersare keeping current on hardware development toensure the appropriate mix of high-quality (high-bandwidth) CBT and WBT, which has lower visualquality but is more readily accessible. A particularconcern is to avoid spending time on cutting-edgetechnologies that will be unavailable to the generalLLNL population unless ET&SAG can provide accessthrough workstations at the CBT center.

In the 10 months since ET&SAG started to pro-vide CBT, the student load has increased from one ortwo students a week to the point where all eightworkstations are full. Continued growth at this ratemay require the purchase of more workstations,although coordination of HCD’s efforts with those ofEPD and Safeguards and Security may reduce ordelay the need for further purchases.

Plans for 1996


Overview

1. Health & Safety Manual, Lawrence LivermoreNational Laboratory, Livermore, CA (HazardsControl Department, M-010) latest edition.

2. Exposure Assessment and Monitoring Plan,Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory,Livermore, CA, April 1995.

3. Goodwin, S., Environmental Compliance Manual,Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory,

Livermore, CA (UCRL-MA-118090-REV-1)August 1995.

4. Leeds, S. G., Fire Protection Program Manual,Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory,Livermore, CA (UCRL-MA 116646) June 1994.

5. LLNL Radiation Protection Plan, LawrenceLivermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA,December 1995.

IX. References

Techn

ical In

formation

D

epartmen

t • L

awrence L

ivermore N

ational Laboratory

University of C

alifornia • L

ivermore, C

alifornia 94551

Documents

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