LAUCHING THE NEW SHIP OF STATE: (1789-1800) 111 Chapter 10...LAUCHING THE NEW SHIP OF STATE: (1789-1800) Period 3 (1754-1800) Key Concept 3.2:III New forms of national culture and

LAUCHING THE NEW SHIP OF STATE:(1789-1800)

Period 3 (1754-1800)

Key Concept 3.2:III New forms of national culture and political institutions developed in the

United States alongside continued regional variations and differences over economic, political,

social and foreign policy issues.

CHPTR 10: Launching the New Ship of State (1789-1800)1

CHPTR 10: Launching the New Ship of State (1789-1800) 2

SYNOPSIS

ISSUES OF A NEW NATION ON THE WORLD STAGE

Divided coming off the heels of a national ratification debate

between Federalists and Anti-Federalists

Domestically divided: citizens more loyal

to their regions than the big picture.

We were broke and disorganized; industry underdeveloped from

England’s mercantilist policies.

Politically

Socially

Economically

Lack of respect from Europe

Militarily No organization of national military to

protect borders

No Navy to protect American merchant ships

Spain to West and South; England

North and in our Ohio Valley


THE FEDERALIST ERA (1789-1791)

G. Washington

Administration

(1789-1795)

A job created for the man: what role does this “president” play?

“He shall have the power by and with advice of the Senate…appoint

ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, judges of the

Supreme Court, and all other officers of the United States.”

Department Heads: developed to fill a need

to help administer and enforce the laws of

the nation.

The Electoral College Election

THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH

Departments of State, Treasury and War

The Cabinet



The New Legislative Branch

Federalists organize Congress into

Committees of jurisdiction to study,

debate and pass bills.

First Amendment

Federalists fulfill a promise lead

by James Madison: Bill of Rights

“due process”

Ninth and Tenth Amendments

rights of expression: develop into the right to lobby

Congress: to influence legislation

Our written guarantee that the federal government

must protect our natural rights

Protection of peoples’ rights and state sovereignty



The New Legislative Branch

Set up S. Court:

Chief Justice; (5) Nine Associates

Federal Courts

Circuit Courts

Judiciary Act of 1789:

Organization of the Judicial BranchFirst Chief Justice John Jay

(1789-1795)

Established Office of Attorney General

Of the Executive Branch assist

in enforcing laws within the

powers of Constto appoint high officials to Exec Branch and Supreme

Court justices, with advice and consent of the Senate

Presidential Power:


THE NATION’S FINANCES

HAMILTON’S FINANCIAL PLAN

to stabilize a precarious economy, raise needed revenue and

encourage industrial growth and trade

Excise Tax on

Distilled Spirits

Protective Tariff

National Bank

Assumption of State Debt

To “protect” and support Am industrial growth

The new Congress’ newly added power to tax

establish a national

gov line of creditan organized, national system to provide

capital to support growing economy

a tax on imports

stablize economy, value of currency


National Bank

IS IT CONSTITUTIONAL?

Federalists Anti-Federalists

Strict ConstructionLoose Construction

Broad interpretation of the rules to

expand – make sure- the federal

Gov has the power it needs to keep

the US united

Strict interpretation of the rules to

keep the new powers of the federal

Gov limited

Elastic Clause

“…Congress may make any law that is necessary and proper…”

Intended to strengthen power of the

Cong in making national laws

and to keep Const flexible in

addressing changing needs/problems

Commerce Clause

“…Congress to regulate trade between the states…”

CHPTR 10: Launching the New Ship of State (1789-1800)

8

CHALLENGING THE AUTHORITY OF

THE NEW FEDERAL POWERS

The Whiskey Rebellion

Pennsylvania, 1794

“Liberty and No Excise”

Presidential Power (Role)

civilian head of the armed forces

“Commander in Chief”

Will the President Be Able to Muster Troops?

Volunteer soldiers answer the call: suppress

rebellion w/o bloodshed

Helped legitimize the new powers of the Const/Gov

President George Washington

(1789-1797)


9

No mention of Pol Parties in Const: lust for power; selfish, divisive in operation of

a republic

Hamiltonians (Fs) Jeffersonians (A-Fs)

A Two-Political Party System Develops

The Dangers of Political Parties

…but as it turns out, can perform an important

function in government.

the “outies” serve as the “loyal opposition”

keeping the power of the “innies” in check.

CHALLENGING THE AUTHORITY OF

THE NEW FEDERAL POWERS

developed naturally over ratification debate, National Bank, Whiskey

Rebellion, Alien and Sedition Acts… RE: the powers of new federal govt


10

CHALLENGES ON THE WORLD STAGE

to safeguard newly obtained independence

“Chief Diplomat”

politically and economically unable to risk war

The Neutrality Proclamation of (1793)

foreign policy based on self-interest

The President Assumes a New Role

to safeguard US trade rights and relationships in Europe and West Indies

to represent the US in international affairs

Jeffersonians not happy…

Can the president unilaterally decide the foreign policy of the US?

Is US taking the side of the British?

The Difficulty of Avoiding European Wars


CHALLENGES ON THE WORLD STAGE

Inciting Indians against settlers

The British

US negotiated with a weak hand

Jay’s Treaty with England (1794)

Concerned with new Am-Brit relations, Spain agrees to establish Florida boarder, stop

inciting An Inds, and open access to Mississippi and Port of New Orleans

Barely ratified by US Senate

Still manning forts in the NW Ohio Territory

Impressment: British boarding Am trade vessel and kidnapping

Am citizens/sailors of British descent

British troops to leave Ohio Valley

US right to freedom of seas; stop impressment

Pinckney’s Treaty (1795)

“Anglophiles v. Francophiles” Feds v. Anti-Feds

NE economic relationship with Engl

v. the French support of Rev

The French: “Citizen” Gene

French Ambassador to US

Poorly behaved/example of French

Pres Wash pressure France for his recall


12

warns to “stay clear of permanent alliances”

G. Wash’s “Farewell Address”

Pressure from France and Jeffersonians over foreign policy

President John Adams (Federalist)

Further dividing the country – even within his own

Federalist Party – some demanding war.

Avoiding War: XYZ Affair

Precedent established: two-term limit

In trying to keep peace, send delegation to France: told a

bribe is necessary to talk to the French

President John Adams

(1797-1801)

warns against divisiveness of pol parties

“Father of US Navy” to protect borders/trade


13

WHO HAS THE POWER TO DECLARE LAWS

UNCONSTITUTIONAL?

Giving the president powers to deport aliens dangerous to the US security Alien Laws

Madison and Jefferson:

Sedition ActUnlawful to criticize the government

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

the states created the federal government…

…states had the power of nullification: to void laws against the Constitution

The Federalist Controlled Congress

The French Revolution

Will Federalist heads roll in the American streets at the hands of the Jeffersonians?

Do we honor the Franco-American alliance? Support FrRev?

Pressure and Anti-Adams

criticism from Jeffersonians

Compact Theory

federal govt works

for the states

Documents

LAUCHING THE NEW SHIP OF STATE: (1789-1800) 111 Chapter 10...LAUCHING THE NEW SHIP OF STATE: (1789-1800) Period 3 (1754-1800) Key Concept 3.2:III New forms of national culture and