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Launching a New Republic, 1789 – 1800. Washington’s Presidency. The leaders of the new nation face the challenges of establishing a strong economy and a stable, democratic government. Washington Takes Office. George Washington inaugurated, sworn in, as 1st U.S. President (1789) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Launching a New Republic, Launching a New Republic, 1789 – 18001789 – 1800
Washington’s PresidencyWashington’s Presidency
The leaders of the new nation face The leaders of the new nation face the challenges of establishing a the challenges of establishing a strong economy and a stable, strong economy and a stable, democratic government.democratic government.
Washington Takes OfficeWashington Takes OfficeGeorge Washington inaugurated, sworn in, George Washington inaugurated, sworn in, as 1st U.S. President (1789)as 1st U.S. President (1789)
John Adams, first vice-presidentJohn Adams, first vice-president
Washington knows every action as Washington knows every action as president will set a precedentpresident will set a precedent
Congress agrees to call Washington “Mr. Congress agrees to call Washington “Mr. President”President”
Setting Up the CourtsSetting Up the CourtsCongress passes the Federal Judiciary Act Congress passes the Federal Judiciary Act (1789)(1789)
Gives Supreme Court six membersGives Supreme Court six members
1 Chief Justice or Judge1 Chief Justice or Judge
5 Associate Judges5 Associate Judges
The number of Judges later grows to nineThe number of Judges later grows to nine
Act also provides for lower federal courtsAct also provides for lower federal courts
John Jay is named Chief JusticeJohn Jay is named Chief Justice
Washington’s CabinetWashington’s CabinetCongress creates 3 departments to help Congress creates 3 departments to help the president:the president:– War departmentWar department– State departmentState department– Treasury departmentTreasury department
Heads of departments are president’s Heads of departments are president’s cabinetcabinet
Secretary of StateSecretary of StateSecretary of State, Secretary of State, Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Jefferson, oversees oversees diplomatic diplomatic relationsrelations
Secretary of WarSecretary of WarSecretary of War, Secretary of War, Henry Knox, Oversees Henry Knox, Oversees the nation’s defensethe nation’s defense
Attorney GeneralAttorney GeneralAttorney general, Attorney general, Edmund Randolf, Edmund Randolf, gives legal advicegives legal advice
Secretary of TreasurySecretary of TreasurySecretary of the Secretary of the Treasury, Treasury, Alexander Alexander Hamilton, manages Hamilton, manages U.S. financesU.S. finances
FOR UNDERSTANDINGFOR UNDERSTANDING
______ was inaugurated as ______ was inaugurated as president on April 30, 1789.president on April 30, 1789.
1) Thomas 1) Thomas PainePaine
2) John Adams2) John Adams
3) George 3) George WashingtonWashington
4) Alexander 4) Alexander HamiltonHamilton
______ of Massachusetts ______ of Massachusetts became Washington’s Vice became Washington’s Vice
President.President.
1) John Adams 1) John Adams
2) Alexander 2) Alexander HamiltonHamilton
3) Thomas 3) Thomas JeffersonJefferson
4) John Jay 4) John Jay
In 1789, Congress passed the_______ which established the
federal court system.
1. Administration of Justice Act 2. Department of Justice3. Supreme Court4. Judiciary Act
The Supreme Court of 1789 The Supreme Court of 1789 was characterized by:was characterized by:
1) Eight associate 1) Eight associate justicesjustices
2) Nine Federal 2) Nine Federal Court justices Court justices and one chief and one chief justice.justice.
3) Three Supreme 3) Three Supreme Court justices.Court justices.
4) Five associate 4) Five associate justices and one justices and one chief justice.chief justice.
______ was appointed by ______ was appointed by Washington as the Supreme Washington as the Supreme
Court’s first chief justice.Court’s first chief justice.
1) John Adams1) John Adams
2) James 2) James MadisonMadison
3) John Jay 3) John Jay
4) Henry Knox4) Henry Knox
The heads of departments are known as the president’s…
1. Kitchen sink2. Closet3. Cabinet4. Committee
Washington’s secretary of Washington’s secretary of war was ______ . war was ______ .
1) Henry Knox1) Henry Knox
2) Thomas 2) Thomas JeffersonJefferson
3) John Jay3) John Jay
4) Edmond 4) Edmond RandolphRandolph
Washington’s secretary of Washington’s secretary of state was ______ . state was ______ .
1) Edmond 1) Edmond RandolphRandolph
2) Alexander 2) Alexander HamiltonHamilton
3) John Knox3) John Knox
4) Thomas 4) Thomas JeffersonJefferson
Washington’s attorney Washington’s attorney general was ______ . general was ______ .
1) Edmond 1) Edmond RandolphRandolph
2) Thomas 2) Thomas JeffersonJefferson
3) John Jay3) John Jay
4) Alexander 4) Alexander HamiltonHamilton
Washington’s secretary of Washington’s secretary of the treasury was ______ . the treasury was ______ .
1) Edmond 1) Edmond RandolphRandolph
2) John Knox2) John Knox
3) Alexander 3) Alexander HamiltonHamilton
4) John Jay4) John Jay
Economic ProblemsEconomic Problems
By 1789, U.S. has a huge national By 1789, U.S. has a huge national debt - $52 milliondebt - $52 million
U.S. must pay debt to gain respect of U.S. must pay debt to gain respect of other countriesother countries
Hamilton’s PlanHamilton’s Plan
Alexander Hamilton’s financial plan Alexander Hamilton’s financial plan shows his belief in:shows his belief in:– A strong central governmentA strong central government– Government encouraging business, Government encouraging business,
industryindustry– Pay debt to nation’s wealth, gain their Pay debt to nation’s wealth, gain their
support for governmentsupport for government
Hamilton’s Financial PlanHamilton’s Financial Plan
Alexander Hamilton proposes 3 step Alexander Hamilton proposes 3 step financial plan to Congress (1790)financial plan to Congress (1790)– Pay off all war debtsPay off all war debts– Raise government revenuesRaise government revenues– Create a national bankCreate a national bank
Problems and SolutionsProblems and Solutions
Many southern states have paid war Many southern states have paid war debts, northern states have notdebts, northern states have not
To gain southern support, U.S. To gain southern support, U.S. agrees to place capital in Southagrees to place capital in South
Hamilton’s financial plan Hamilton’s financial plan continuedcontinued
Hamilton supports tariffs (tax on Hamilton supports tariffs (tax on imported goods) because:imported goods) because:– Raises money for U.S. governmentRaises money for U.S. government– Encourages growth of U.S. industryEncourages growth of U.S. industry– Encourages people to buy American Encourages people to buy American
goodsgoods
Hamilton calls for National bank, safe Hamilton calls for National bank, safe for government investmentsfor government investments
Bank would make loans to Bank would make loans to businesses, issue bank notesbusinesses, issue bank notes
Interpreting the Constitution Interpreting the Constitution
Thomas Jefferson, James Madison Thomas Jefferson, James Madison against a national bankagainst a national bank
Claim that the Constitution does not Claim that the Constitution does not allow for a national bankallow for a national bank
Thomas Jefferson has a Thomas Jefferson has a strict strict interpretationinterpretation of the Constitution of the Constitution
Alexander Hamilton has a Alexander Hamilton has a flexible flexible or loose interpretationor loose interpretation of of ConstitutionConstitution
Claims Congress has power to set up Claims Congress has power to set up bankbank
George Washington approves a George Washington approves a national bank (1791)national bank (1791)
FOR UNDERSTANDINGFOR UNDERSTANDING
Hamilton proposed raising Hamilton proposed raising money by placing a tax, called money by placing a tax, called a ______, on imported goods. a ______, on imported goods.
1) duty1) duty
2) tariff2) tariff
3) ratification3) ratification
4) debt4) debt
Alexander Hamilton had a Alexander Hamilton had a _____ interpretation of the _____ interpretation of the
Constitution.Constitution.1. Weak1. Weak
2. Expensive2. Expensive
3. Faulty.3. Faulty.
4. Loose4. Loose
Thomas Jefferson had a _____ Thomas Jefferson had a _____ interpretation of the interpretation of the
Constitution.Constitution.
1. Weak1. Weak
2. Expensive2. Expensive
3. Strict3. Strict
4. Faulty4. Faulty
•One of the ways that the national One of the ways that the national government raised money was bygovernment raised money was by
1.1. putting a tariff on goods imported putting a tariff on goods imported from other countries.from other countries.
2.2. Income taxIncome tax
3.3. Selling land acquired after the Selling land acquired after the RevolutionRevolution
4.4. Borrowing money from other Borrowing money from other countries countries
