LATIN AMERICAN AND AFRICA

ANCIENT AFRICA Human origins—great rift valley (Lucy) Traditional cultures Animism—oldest religion

BANTU MIGRATION

NORTH AFRICA—MEDITERANEAN Egypt Roman Empire (and Alexandria-Greece) Islamic caliphates

GOLD AND SALT TRADE Sahara trade routes Trade kingdoms- (Ibn Battuta)

West Africa Ghana Mali Songhai

East Africa Mogadishu Axum

SLAVE TRADE

IMPERIALISM 1884 Congress of Berlin

INDEPENDENCE Post-world war 2 Rise of nationalism Borders follow colonial boundaries Challenges—democracy and ethnic

tensions

APARTHEID Bishop Tutu Nelson Mandela Deklerk

ANCIENT SOUTH AMERICA migration

MAYANS Agriculture (Chinampas) Temples Writing and calendars

AZTECS Ruled empire Montezuma Conquistadors-Cortez

INCA Mountain empire (geography,

infrastructure) Conquistadors- Pizarro

LATIN AMERICAN REVOLUTIONS Encomienda system Influenced by… Simon Bolivar Jose San Martin

MEXICO Peasant revolution Father Hidalgo and Morales (1800s) Revolution of 1910-20

MOVEMENT TOWARD DEMOCRACY Military juntas ruled Slow steps toward democracy/reform