Large glands Large glands of digestive systemof digestive system

PancreasPancreas

Function of liverFunction of liver::

1. 1. Syntesis:Syntesis:Bile Bile Plasma proteinePlasma proteinePlasma lypoproteines (vitamine K, D, E, A, Plasma lypoproteines (vitamine K, D, E, A, cholesterine)cholesterine)

2. 2. Detoxication Detoxication 3. 3. Destruction of spent red cell and Destruction of spent red cell and

reclamation of their constituensreclamation of their constituens4. 4. Universal haemopoetic organUniversal haemopoetic organ5. Endocrine - somatomedine5. Endocrine - somatomedine

LIVER & Pancreas

LIVER

Bile

Hepatic artery

Portal vein

GI wormHepatic veins

Liver vasculatureLiver vasculature

Liver lobuleLiver lobule

Liver specimenLiver specimen

Liver specimensLiver specimens

HEPATIC PARENCHYMA epithelial working tissue

Plate of hepatocytes

SINUSOID

Plate of hepatocytes

Endothelial cells

Space DisseSINUSOID

Kupffer cellblood PIT cell

Itto cell (stellate cell)

CELL TYPES & ARRANGEMENT OF LIVER

Microvilli

Hepatocytes in plates

Bile canaliculus SPACE OF DISSE

Fenestrated Endothelial cells

SINUSOID Kupffer cell

STELLATE CELL

HEPATOCYTE ENDOTHELIAL CELL KUPFFER CELL STELLLATE CELL

Hepatocyte, blood capilaries, bile canaliculusHepatocyte, blood capilaries, bile canaliculus

Hepatocyte electron microhpotoHepatocyte electron microhpoto

bile canaliculus electron microhpotobile canaliculus electron microhpoto

Hepatocyte, blood capilaries, bile canaliculusHepatocyte, blood capilaries, bile canaliculus

Schema of clasiccal and portal lobules Schema of clasiccal and portal lobules and liver acinusand liver acinus

gallbladdergallbladder

Epithelium of gallbladderEpithelium of gallbladder

pancreaspancreas

Acinus and duct of pancreasAcinus and duct of pancreas

Homogenic and zymogenic zonesHomogenic and zymogenic zones

pancreatocytepancreatocyte

Langerhans Langerhans isletsislets

Classification of insulocytesClassification of insulocytes::CellsCells %% hormonhormon funcionfuncion

ВВ 70-7570-75 insulininsulin Lowers blood glucose, Lowers blood glucose, activates the formation of activates the formation of glycogen in the cellsglycogen in the cells

АА 20-2520-25 glucagonglucagon Increases blood glucose by Increases blood glucose by glycogen clutchglycogen clutch

DD 5-105-10 VIPVIP ( (vasoactivevasoactive intestinal pep-intestinal pep-tidetide), ), gastringastrin

Reduces BP and simulates Reduces BP and simulates juice and hormonejuice and hormone secretion secretion

DD11-- 1-21-2 somatostatinsomatostatin Delays secretion of insulin Delays secretion of insulin and glucagonand glucagon

РР, РР, FF 2-52-5 pancreaticpancreatic polypeptidepolypeptide

Inhibits secretion of Inhibits secretion of pacreatic juicepacreatic juice

В В andand А А cells inside Langerhan’s Islands cells inside Langerhan’s Islands

Insulocytes and fenestrated blood capillaries Insulocytes and fenestrated blood capillaries

Salivary glandsSalivary glandsParotide, Submundibular, SublingualParotide, Submundibular, Sublingual+ + numerous minornumerous minor

FUNCTIONSFUNCTIONSІ. І. ExocrineExocrine1.1. Food moisteningFood moistening2. 2. DesinfectionDesinfection 3. 3. DigestionDigestion4. 4. ArticulationArticulationІІ. ІІ. EndocrineEndocrine ((parotinparotin, , insulin-like factorinsulin-like factor, , epithelium growth factorepithelium growth factor, ,

nerve growth factornerve growth factor, , vaso-active intestinal polypeptidevaso-active intestinal polypeptide, , glucagonglucagon, , callicreincallicrein, , reninrenin ...) ...)

ІІІ. ІІІ. ExcretionExcretionІІVV. . HomeostaticHomeostatic

SalivaSaliva1.Water1.Water-99%-99%2.Mineral2.Mineral ( (NaNa, , KK, , CCа, а, FeFe …) …)3. Organic3. Organic (enzymes(enzymes, , mucousmucous))

CellsCells ( (leukocytes, epitheliocytesleukocytes, epitheliocytes))

MFUMFU– – ACINUSACINUS secretory potionsecretory potion+ + intrecallated ductintrecallated duct+ + striated ductstriated duct

Parotid glandParotid gland

Submandibular glandSubmandibular gland

submandibularsubmandibular

Sublingual glandSublingual gland