34
Language Documenta-on in the Age of Smartphones EUGENE BUCKLEY UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA Native American Studies at Penn: Indigenous Knowledge in the Academy 7–8 November 2014

Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’

  • Upload
    others

  • View
    1

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’

Language  Documenta-on  in  the  Age  of  Smartphones  

EUGENE  BUCKLEY  UNIVERSITY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA  

 Native  American  Studies  at  Penn:  

Indigenous  Knowledge  in  the  Academy    

7–8  November  2014      

Page 2: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’

Indigenous  languages  in  the  US  

2  

Page 3: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’

UNESCO  endangerment  criteria  

3  

Page 4: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’

Languages  in  the  Southwestern  US  

4  

Kashaya  

NE  Pomo  

SE  Pomo  

Yavapai  

Havasupai  

Hualapai  

Navajo  

Page 5: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’

Documenta-on  

•  compiling  information  about  a  language  –  written  transcription  –  audio  recordings  –  video  recordings  

•  for  academic  interest  –  to  understand  languages  in  general  –  their  structure  and  how  they  work  –  how  they’re  historically  related  to  one  another  

•  in  the  community  interest    –  to  sustain  and  revitalize  endangered  languages  –  to  revive  languages  with  no  native  speakers  

•  these  goals  sometimes  overlap  –  but  often  lead  in  quite  different  directions  

5  

Page 6: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’

Language  families  of  California  

6  

Page 7: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’

sʼuʔnuʔnu  šinal  :  Huckleberry  Heights  

7  

Page 8: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’

Consul-ng  with  speakers  

8  

Essie  Parrish                        &  Robert  Oswalt      at  Stewart’s  Point  Rancheria    (sʼuʔnuʔnu  šinal,  Huckleberry  Heights)      1960      

Page 9: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’

Words  and  sentences  

•  Kashaya  “bear”  by  itself  (provided  by  Essie  Parrish)  –  [what  is  the  word  for]  “bear”  –  buṭaqá  ;  buṭaqá  

•  Kashaya  “bear”  in  a  narrative  (told  by  Herman  James)  – mulídom  pʰiʔtʼan  duwéʔli  buṭaqá  ʔem  ma·dúʔ.  –  “Suddenly,  in  the  evening,  the  bear  arrived  home.”  

9  

Page 10: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’

Taking  notes  (1957)  

10  

Page 11: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’

Organizing  informa-on  

11  

Page 12: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’

Use  of  informa-on  

•  technical  papers  about  language  structure  –  typically  necessary  for  academic  progress  –  but  not  useful  to  communities  

•  grammars  written  for  specialists  – may  contain  many  useful  examples  of  the  language  –  but  mainly  accessible  only  to  specialists  –  sketches  of  the  grammar  can  be  written  with  more  familiar  terms  

•  dictionaries  are  an  essential  resource  –  but  like  grammars  they  may  be  very  technical  – most  community  members  prefer  simpler  wordlists  –  audio  recordings  make  pronunciation  much  clearer  

12  

Page 13: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’

A  xeroxed  wordlist  (1975)  

13  

Page 14: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’

DraV  of  a  dic-onary  

14  

Page 15: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’

Prac-cal  problems  

•  even  if  we  include  cross  references  for  all  the  possible  forms,  this  becomes  cumbersome  in  a  printed  volume  –  simply  takes  up  too  much  space  on  paper  

•  also  frustrating  to  dind  the  root  and  then  have  to  dlip  to  the  main  entry  many  pages  away  –  or  vice  versa,  if  organized  by  roots  

•  much  easier  to  search  electronically  for  a  particular  form  and  click  to  be  taken  directly  to  the  relevant  entry  –  similarly,  click  between  various  related  entries  

15  

Page 16: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’

A  computer  database  

16  

Page 17: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’

A  new  wordlist  (2014)  

17  

Page 18: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’

Kashaya-­‐English  

18  

Page 19: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’

A  full  web  dic-onary  

19  

Page 20: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’

Special  characters  

•  a  new  problem  is  how  to  input  special  characters  that  are  often  needed  –  this  didn’t  happen  in  books,  at  least  

•  special  keyboard,  or  letters  to  click  for  insertion  –  an  issue  for  many  national  languages  also  – more  challenging  when  the  character  is  not  found  in  common  European  languages,  such  as  ṭ  or  ų  

•  another  option:  search  under  basic  letters,  be  shown  a  range  of  matching  options  –  such  as  typing  ta  and  getting  all  the  Kashaya  t  options  –  interesting  use  of  this  concept  in  (printed)  Zapotec  

20  

Page 21: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’

Zapotec  language  family  

21  

Page 22: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’

Valley  Zapotec  

22  

Page 23: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’

Zapotec  vowels  

•  four  kinds  of  PHONATION  – modal  (plain)  [a]  –  creaky  [à]  –  post-­‐glottalized  [a’]  –  breathy  [ah]  

•  four  tones  –  high,  low,  rising,  falling  

•  in  total,  33  different  possible  combinations    –  on  any  particular  vowel  or  diphthong  

•  this  leads  to  very  complex  spellings  –  a’  ,  aa  ,  àa  ,  a’aah  ,  a’àa  ,  a’àa  ,  aàa’  ,  àa’a  ,  etc.  –  but  necessary  if  the  exact  pronunciation  is  to  be  shown  

23  

Page 24: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’

Simplified  Zapotec  spelling  

A  bgyahcdaàa'n  gu'uh  te'ihby  bùunny    nih  ràa'p  x:o'p  zhìi'iny  zhyàa'pih.    

A  bgyacdan  gu  teiby  buny    ni  rap  xop  zhiny  zhyapi.    

“Once  upon  a  time  there  was  a  man  who  had  eight  daughters.”  

24  

Page 25: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’

Simplified  headwords  

25  

Page 26: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’

Autocorrec-on  

•  Google  can  correct  our  spelling  

•  and  suggest  what  we  can’t  remember  

26  

Page 27: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’

Autocorrec-on  in  Spanish  

•  it  can  supply  special  characters  

•  or  correct  typos  

27  

Page 28: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’

•  it  could  suggest  similar  words  

•  no  word  begins  exactly  with  mayu,  but  there  are  some  fairly  close  (“fuzzy”)  matches  – ma·yu      ‘dove’  – maya      ‘you’  – mahyuṭʰmaw    ‘poke  or  stir  (a  dire)’  – maʔyuʔyuw      ‘walk  painfully  (on  gravel)’  

28  

Autocorrec-on  in  Kashaya?  

Page 29: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’

Match  for  Navajo  dloo  

29  

Page 30: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’

Smartphone  dic-onaries  

30  

Page 31: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’

Smartphone  learning  tools  

31  

Page 32: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’

Specialized  keyboards  

32  

Page 33: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’

Conclusion  

•  digital  technology  creates  new  challenges  for  academics  –  it’s  no  longer  enough  to  produce  traditional  printed  materials  

– we  have  to  learn  how  to  use  these  technologies  •  but  it  also  creates  new  opportunities  – modern  dictionaries  are  created  with  computers  anyway  

– we  just  need  to  take  that  information  and  create  resources  for  the  age  of  smartphones  

33  

Page 34: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’

Yahwiy!  

34