Landscape Management: April 13 - 29 EEES 4760/6760

Landscape Management: April 13 - 29Landscape Management: April 13 - 29

EEES 4760/6760EEES 4760/6760

• Term Paper II (final) is due on 5/6/2009. Again, do not wait until the last minute!

• 5% penalty for each delayed day will be applied for Term Paper II

• Field trip on April 27, 2009 (required)

• Final schedule for the remaining 3 weeks had been posted on the class Webpage

• Major topics: fire management, HARVEST model and applications, LE case study in Inner Mongolia (Nan Lv), and challenges in landscape management

Ecology & Management of Disturbed LandscapesEcology & Management of Disturbed LandscapesChallenges and OpportunitiesChallenges and Opportunities

Jiquan ChenJiquan Chen

Landscape Ecology & Ecosystem ScienceLandscape Ecology & Ecosystem ScienceUniversity of ToledoUniversity of Toledo

Apr 13, 2009Apr 13, 2009

Fires, Management, and Land Mosaics Interactions: Fires, Management, and Land Mosaics Interactions:

A Generic Spatial Model and Toolkit from Stand to A Generic Spatial Model and Toolkit from Stand to Landscape ScalesLandscape Scales

Jiquan Chen (University of Toledo)

Thomas Crow (USDA Forest Service)

Bo Song (Clemson University)

Jacob LaCroix (University of Toledo)

Soung – Ryoul Ryu (University of Toledo)

Daolan Zheng (University of New Hampshire)

Xianli Wang (University of Alberta)

Spatial Explicit, Fire Management Toolkit

Cause-effect analysisVisualization system

Community Composition and Function (N & C)

Climate Individual Fire Fires in the Landscapecumulative effects

Landscape Mosaic

Fuel Load PatternFuel LoadPredicted Land

Mosaic over Time

StandDynamics

StandDynamics

cumulative effects

ic

(4) fire-communityinteractions

Management

[5] future land mosaics feedbacks

[4]current land mosaics feedbacks

[3] climate Feedbacks

[1]

fuel

load

& d

ist r

ibu t

ion

feed

b ack

s

Di s

turb

a nce

s[2

] di

stur

ban c

e fe

e dba

cks

Development of a generic, spatially-explicit management toolkit Development of a generic, spatially-explicit management toolkit based on 4 key interactions among fire, fuels, vegetation, & based on 4 key interactions among fire, fuels, vegetation, &

management practicesmanagement practices

Fuel Loading

Litter Wood Debris

ANPP Litter

BiomassHarvest

Wood Debris

litterfall

Accumulation

Harvesting Decision

Woody SlashHarvesting

Ps

Litter DecompositionACP Max

ACP MinLocation

SlopeLitter Slash

ANPP Curve PatternLitter loss

WD Decomposition

StemWoodPortion

Litter decay rate

BranchPortion

Rotation

Harvesting Age

Rotation

Maximum ANPP

Harvesting Decision

LitterPortion

WD decay rate

Ryu et al. (2007)

But, managers need “cookbooks”But, managers need “cookbooks”

Simulated fire spreads in Simulated fire spreads in different parts of a different parts of a managed forest managed forest landscape in Northern landscape in Northern Wisconsin. Wisconsin.

Pattern-ProcessPattern-Process

Animations of A Simulated Fire (FARSITE) in N. WIAnimations of A Simulated Fire (FARSITE) in N. WI

Wang et al. (2006)

FARSITE Surface Fire InteractiveFARSITE Surface Fire Interactive Chequamegon National Forest, WI

• Introduction• Fire Spread

– Red Pine• Site Photos• Simulation• Data Table• Graph

– Hardwood• Site Photos• Simulation• Data Table• Graph

– Jack Pine• Site Photos• Simulation• Data Table• Graph

• Acknowledgments• Contact

– [email protected]• About

– FARSITE– JFSP– LEES Lab University of Toledo

Objective: to place fires on the Chequamegon National Forest (FARSITE simulations of 15-day fires) in different patches/habitats to examine the fire-mosaic interactions.

Choose a locationfrom the map.

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.farsite.org/

http://jfsp.nifc.gov/

http://research.eeescience.utoledo.edu/lees/

Choose a LocationChoose a Location

Red Pine StandsNorthern HardwoodsJack Pine Barrens

No more activities, end.

LegendRed = Litter with no under

story, Red PinesGreen = Litter with under

story, Northern HardwoodsYellow = Brush < 2 ft high,

Pine BarrensBrown = Light Logging Slash, Clear cuts

Moquah NaturalArea

Fire Tower

Pipeline

Pipeline

Bladder Lake

Lake Lenawee

Twin LakesCampground

Horseshoe LakeHorse Camp

N

1 2 3 Miles

Back to outline

Northern Northern HardwoodsHardwoods Forest Type Forest Type

Characterized by FARSITE as fuel with litter and under story.

Northern Hardwoods may include species like Sugar Maple, Red Maple, Red Oak, White Oak,Ironwood, Hazelnut and can, in this exercise, include softer Birches and Aspens.

http://www.fs.fed.us/r9/cnnf/reports/report1999/ http://sevilleta.unm.edu/research/crosssite/carbon/images.htm

Back to outline

http://www.fs.fed.us/r9/cnnf/reports/report1999/

http://sevilleta.unm.edu/research/crosssite/carbon/images.htm

Northern Hardwoods:Choose the number of days for the fire to last and the level of rain desired.

Low Rain Average Rain High Rain

5 Days 5_Lo Rain 5_Ave Rain 5_Hi Rain



End

Back to locations Back to outline

Fuel Loading within AEI and AMEI Scenarios Effect Fire Fuel Loading within AEI and AMEI Scenarios Effect Fire Size and MovementSize and Movement

Jacob LaCroix

Questions:Questions: • Does AEI and AMEI (area of multiple edge influence)

affect fire movement? (Li et al., 2006)

• Can managing fuel loading in AEI impact fire spread?

• Which ecosystems resist edge influences? • Can we manage burned area outside of a

prescribed fire at the landscape level?

HypothesesHypotheses

1. Adding and manipulating the fuel loading within AEI and AMEI landscape scenarios will change burned area and fire movement

• Using multiple measures, BA and fire front vector direction and loading

2. AEI will override the role of the dominant ecosystem fuel in which a fire is located and control fire front direction and vector loading

ObjectivesObjectives

• Overall: to examine edge fuel loading structural scenarios for contributions to fire movement with multiple levels of fuel loading in AEI and AMEI

• To determine: – The impacts of AEI and AMEI on fire size and movement– Fire front direction and vector loading without edges to

isolate the AEI and AMEI effects • FARSITE parameterization: to demonstrate an

application of a GIS AMEI delineating procedure – Algorithm developed in the LEES Lab (Li et al. 2006)

MethodsMethods

• Six landscapes: 1 no edge, 3 with single edge, each with different fuel loading, 2 AMEIi – 3 levels of fuel

• Dependent variables (predictions):

– Burned area (ha), fire front direction (az. degrees), and vector loading, (% of 5/7 fuels)

• Analysis by ecosystem

• Focus on daily fire front vector responses

Model#

Description Fuel Loading(mg/ha)

1 hour 10 hour 100 hour

Rate of Spread(m/min)

Flame Length(m)

5 Brush 2.24 1.12 0.00 4.8 1.3

20 Low Edge 1.68 1.12 2.80 0.3 0.2

8 Red Pine 3.36 2.24 5.60 0.7 0.3

21 Medium Edge 3.27 0.46 0.17 1.5 0.5

11 Light Slash 3.36 10.11 12.35 2.0 1.1

10 Hardwood 6.75 4.48 11.23 2.5 1.5

22 High Edge 10.12 6.72 16.85 3.7 2.1

31 AMEI 1 10.12 6.72 16.85 3.7 2.1

32 AMEI 2 10.80 7.17 17.97 4.0 2.3

33 AMEI 3 12.15 8.06 20.21 4.5 2.5

Fuel loading for Anderson (1982) and custom fuels

Percent Area in Each Classification

Anderson’s (1982) Fuel Model #’s

Custom Fuel Model #’s

Brush Red Pine

Hardwood

Slash Low Med High AMEI 1

AMEI 2

AMEI 3

Scenarios 5 8 10 11 20 21 22 31 32 33

No Edge 25 14 52 9 0 0 0 0 0 0

Low 15 9 42 5 29 0 0 0 0 0

Medium 15 9 42 5 0 29 0 0 0 0

High 15 9 42 5 0 0 29 0 0 0

AMEIi30 15 9 42 5 0 0 0 25 3 1

AMEIi60 8 5 32 2 0 0 0 42 11 1

Landscape ScenariosLandscape Scenarios

Landscapes

Edge Structure Influences Burned AreaEdge Structure Influences Burned Area

AMEI 30, loc 16, day 1Burned area = 51.6 haFire front dir = 174o

Vector loading HW = 9%, slash = 20%,AMEI 2 = 61%, AMEI 3 = 10%.

AEI high, loc 16, day 1Burned area = 47.5 haFire front dir = 176o

Vector loading HW = 9%, slash = 26%AEI = 65%.

Landscape Classification Changes Fire Front Direction Landscape Classification Changes Fire Front Direction and Fuel Loadingand Fuel Loading

Brush Red pine HW Slash Water AEI = AMEI1

AMEI2 AMEI3


Vector loading HW=9%, slash=20%AMEI 1 = 61%, AMEI 2 = 10%.


Vector loadingHW=7%, AMEI 1 = 48%AMEI 2 = 35%, AMEI 3 = 10%

AMEI Landscape Classification ChangesAMEI Landscape Classification ChangesUsing Different DEIUsing Different DEI


AMEI2 AMEI3

AMEI 60, loc 6, day 1Burned area = 44.4 haFire front direction = 140o Vector loadingHW = 20%, AMEI 1 = 65%, AMEI 2 = 15%.

AMEI 60, loc 6, day 2Burned area = 255.4 haFire front direction = 195o Vector loadingHW = 14%, AMEI 1 = 47%, AMEI 2 = 30%, AMEI 3 = 9%.

Daily Changes in Fire Front Vector for the Daily Changes in Fire Front Vector for the AMEI 60 ScenarioAMEI 60 Scenario


AMEI2 AMEI3

Edge Influence in Jack PineEdge Influence in Jack Pine

Edge Influence in HardwoodsEdge Influence in Hardwoods

Amei30

5

8

10

11

31

32

33

98

N

c

d

Fire Front Vectors Differ Among LandscapesFire Front Vectors Differ Among Landscapes

Vector Fuel LoadingYellow = BrushBlack = Edge/AMEI 1Grey = AMEI 2Green = HardwoodBrown = SlashRed = Pine

ReferenceLandscape

cd

bc

dc

0 5 102.5 Kilometers

Amei30, Loc 3

5

8

10

11

31

32

33

98

0 650 1,300325 Meters

N

abc

d

ef

LandscapeEdge Fuel Loading Scenariosa = low b = medium c = no edged = high e = AMEI 30f = AMEI 60

Fire Front Vectors Differ Among LandscapesFire Front Vectors Differ Among LandscapesJack Pine EcosystemJack Pine Ecosystem

Vector Fuel LoadingYellow = Brush, Black = Edge/AMEI 1Grey = AMEI 2, Green = HardwoodBrown = Slash, Red = Pine

ReferenceLandscape

Amei30, Loc 8

5

8

10

11

31

32

33

98

N

abc

d

ef


Fire Front Vectors Differ Among LandscapesFire Front Vectors Differ Among LandscapesHardwoods EcosystemHardwoods Ecosystem


ReferenceLandscape

0 900 1,800450 Meters

a

b

cd

ef

Amei30, Loc 14

5

8

10

11

31

32

33

98

N

abc

d


Fire Front Vectors Differ Among LandscapesFire Front Vectors Differ Among LandscapesRed Pines EcosystemRed Pines Ecosystem


ReferenceLandscape

b

cd

0 890 1,780445 Meters

a

bc

d

ef

ConclusionsConclusions

• Harvest changed patch configuration and thereby burned area (BA) Rain influences BA

• AEI fuel loading altered BA

• AEI and AMEI changed modeled projection of fire size and movement

• AMEI gave more details and delineated complex edge locations to place fuel

• Low edge fuel loading changed fire front vector direction

• High edge fuel loading acted as a corridor for fire spread and can over ride the dominant ecosystem fuel

Questions?Questions?

Documents

Landscape Management: April 13 - 29 EEES 4760/6760