702132/702835 European Architecture B

landscape and architecture

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garden scene from a C15th manuscript of the Roman de

la Rose

Christopher Thacker, The History of Gardens(Berkeley [California]

1979), p 87

Monreale Cathedral, Palermo, Sicily, 1176-82:cloisters of the Benedictine Monastery

commercial slide

RENAISSANCE RENAISSANCE & MANNERISM& MANNERISM

gardens of the Villa Borghese, Rome: C17th paintingJ D Hunt & Peter Willis, The Genius of the Place: the English Landscape Garden

1620-1820 (London 1975), p 61

Villa Medici di Castello, Florence, with gardens as improved by Bernardo Buontalenti [?1590s], from the Museo Topografico, Florence

Monique Mosser & Georges Teyssot [eds], The History of Garden Design: The Western Tradition from the Renaissance to the Present Day (London 1991 [1990]), p 39

Chateau of Bury, built by Florimund Robertet, 1511-1524, with gardens possibly by Fra Giocondo

W H Adams, The French Garden 1500-1800 (New York 1979), p 19

Chateau of Gaillon (Amboise), begun 1502, with gardens designed by Pacello de Mercogliano

Adams, The French Garden, p 17

Casino di Pio IV, Vatican gardens, Rome, by Pirro Ligorio, begun 1559

L H Heydenreich & Wolfgang Lotz [translated Mary Hottinger], Architecture in Italy 1400 to 1600 (Harmondsworth [Middlesex] 1974), pl 269

Casino diPio IV,

courtyard

Heydenreich& Lotz

Architecture in Italy, pl 27

Hortus Palatinus, Heidelberg, Germany, by Salomon de Caus, ?c 1620 Mosser & Teyssot, The History of Garden Design, p 158

garden of Weldam Castle, Overijssel, Holland, C17th, reconstructed in the C19th

Country Life, CLX, 4130 (26 August 1976), p 542

garden of the

Chateau de

Villandry, near Tours,

France, early C17th

parterre at

Villandry: detail

MUAS 14,744

designs for flower beds, from a sixteenth century watercolour, Biblioteca Universitaria, PisaMosser & Teyssot, The History of Garden Design, p 83

topiary at Levens Hall, Westmoreland, Cumbria, England, originally late C17thMosser & Teyssot, The History of Garden Design, p 371

topiary and orange treesSaloman Kleiner, Vera et Accurata Delineatio Omnium Templorum et Coenobiorum (1724-)

Villa d'Este, Tivoli, gardens by Pirro Ligorio, 1550; completed c 1565-72Heydenreich & Lotz, Architecture in Italy, pl 268

Villa d'Este, fountains of the

Rometta

Heydenreich & Lotz, Architecture in Italy, pl

272

Pitti Palace, Florence, by Filippo Brunelleschi & Luca Fancelli, c 1458-65, rear wings and court by Bartolomeo Ammanati, 1558-70

Miles Lewis

Boboli Gardens, by Tribolo, 1550: the 'amphitheatre'commercial slide, no 50

Boboli Gardens, by Tribolo, 1550, view in a lunette by Giusto UtensMuseo Topografico, Florence

Boboli Gardens: diagrammatic viewJ C Shepherd & G A Jellicoe, Italian Gardens of the Renaissance (New York, nd [c 1993] [1953]), pl 30

grotto in the Boboli Gardens,

by Giorgio Vasari, 1556-70,

& Bernardo Buontalenti, 1583-1593

Heydenreich & Lotz, Architecture in Italy, pl

356

grotto in the Boboli GardensHeydenreich & Lotz, Architecture in Italy, pl 357

Grotto at La Bastie d'Urfe(Auvergne)

Country Life, 31 October 1974, p 1273

'January', bronze garden sculpture by Bartolommeo Ammannati Villa

Medici diCastello, Florence

Puppi, 'Nature and Artifice', p 51

BAROQUE IN FRANCE BAROQUE IN FRANCE

Chateau of Richelieu, near Chinon, by Jaques Lemercier, 1631-42

Reginald Blomfield, A History of French Architecture from the Reign of Charles VIII till the death of Mazarin, 1494-1661 (2 vols, London 1921), II, pl cxxxiii, p 81

portrait of André le Nôtre, by Carlo Maratta, 1678Pierre-André Lablaude, The Gardens of Versailles (London 1995), p 24

Vaux-le-Vicomte, garden frontDiapofilm 5437 JH-2

Vaux-le-Vicomte, view across the poolAnthony Blunt, Art and Architecture in France (London 1979), pl 103

Vaux-le-Vicomte

garden plan by Israel Silvestre

Mosser & Teyssot, The History of Garden

Design, p 114

grand allée

Rond

Point

rond point

patte d’oie

Vaux-le-Vicomte, detail of the east parterreMiles Lewis

Vaux-le-Vicomtesouth view & parterre

MUAS 16,150

Vaux-le-Vicomte, view south from the terraceMiles Lewis

Vaux-le-Vicomte,

aerial view

Germain Bazin, The Baroque, p

100

Vaux-le-Vicomte, aerial viewEdward Hyams, A History of Gardens and Gardening (New York 1971), p 158

VERSAILLESVERSAILLES

Versailles, Chateau of Clagny, garden plan by Le Nôtre, engraved by PérelleRené Huyghe, Larousse Encyclopedia of Renaissance and Baroque Art] (London 1964), p 284

Versailles, park front, in a contemporary paintingMUAS 11,461

Versailles: aerial view by Pierre Patel, 1668Pierre-André Lablaude The Gardens of Versailles (London 1995) p 32

the Machine de Marly and the Aqueduct: detail of a painting by Pierre-Denis Martin, 1724

Lablaude, Gardens of Versailles, p 47

VersaillesBosquet de

Théatre d'Eaupainting by Jean

Cotelle

Lablaude, Gardens of Versailles, p 85

Versailles, Basin of LatonaLa Goélette

Versailles, the Grand PerspectifMiles Lewis

Versailles, aerial view from the Basin of Apollo back to the chateauLa Goélette

Versailles, the Basin of Apollo, by J B TubyMiles Lewis

Versailles: the chateau seen from the Basin of ApolloMUAS 6,834

Versailles, view east from the Basin of ApolloMUAS 11,438

Versailles: plan of the gardens at the end of the reign of LouisXIV, by Le Pautre (inverted) and modern aerial photo

Dunlop, Versailles, pl 8; Pérouse de Montclos, Versailles, p 414

Versailles, the Apollo fountain, Grand Canal and flotilla, engraved by PerellePérouse de Montclos, Versailles, p 39

Versailles, water parterre and sculpture of the River Garonneby Antoine Coysevox

MUAS 11,452

Marly, by Pierre-Denise MartinMillon, Triumph of the Baroque, p 285

the cascade, Marly, created in the 1690s, destroyed 1728Thacker, History of Gardens, p 159

the cascade , detail of a painting by J-B Martin Mitford, The Sun King, facing p 64

Basin of the Pyramid by François Girardon; l'Allée des Marmosets. MUAS 11,444; 11,441

Versailles, Basin of Flora, or Spring, by J B Tuby

Miles Lewis; MUAS 11,449

VersaillesBasin of

Saturn, or Winter, by Girardon

MUAS 11,448

Versailles, Fountain of

Enceladus, by Gaspard

Marsy, 1675-7

Pérouse de Montclos, Versailles, p 339

Versailles, Fountain of Enceladus, by Gaspard Marsy, 1675-7, detailPérouse de Montclos, Versailles, p 339

Versailles, Basin of NeptuneLa Goélette

Versailles, Diana by François Girardon

MUAS 11,451

Versailles, the Bosquet d'ApollonMUAS 11,489

Versailles, the ‘Colonnade’MUAS 11,454

topiary designs for yews bordering the fountain of Latona, from an album at the Musée de Versailles

Dams & Zega, Pleasure Pavilions and Follies, p 13

Versaillesthe South Parterre

Mitford, The Sun King,

facing p 120

Versailles, the South ParterreMiles Lewis

Versailles, the OrangeryMiles Lewis

garden plan from DezallierD'Argenville, Théorie et la Pratique du

Jardinage, 1709

Hunt & Willis, The Genius of the Place, p

126

three parterres: (A) in the English manner; (B) of cutwork for flowers; (C) of orange trees

A-J Dezallier D'Argenville, La Théorie et la Pratique du Jardinage (1709)

Het Loo, Netherlands, garden by 1680Roy Strong, Royal Gardens (London 1992), p 23

RENAISSANCE ENGLANDRENAISSANCE ENGLAND

Wimbledon House, Surrey, possibly by John Thorpe, 1588Girouard, Robert Smythson, pl 10

Pierrepoint House, Nottingham, garden of the 1680s, illustrated c 1705Harris, Artist and Country House, p 114

New College, Oxford, with the Mount: early C17th engraving Fleming & Gore, The English Garden, pl 23

WadhamCollege, Oxford

garden, with the Mount

(illustration of 1675)

Ralph Dutton, The English Garden

(London 1945), pl 21

the Garden at Wilton, Wiltshire, by Isaac de Caus: view in about 1640Thacker, History of Gardens, pl 25

Stoke Park, Stoke Bruerne,

showing the ornamental pool, c 1650

Rickett Encyclopedia of Slides, no 33670

THE FRENCH CONNECTIONTHE FRENCH CONNECTION

Hampton Court Palace, view along the east garden axisMUAS 24,438

Hampton Court Palace, view by Leonard Knyff, c 1702Strong, Royal Gardens, pp 26-7

Hampton Court Palace, Middlesex, garden by Daniel Marot, in Knyff & Kip's view, c 1690

Fleming & Gore, The English Garden, p 49

Hampton Court Palace, pool garden and William III Banqueting HouseDepartment of the Environment, no 6

frontispiece to Charles

Evelyn, The Lady's

Recreation(1717), detail

Hunt & Willis, The Genius of the Place, p 135

Chatsworth, Derbyshire, cascade, by Grillet, c 1699Miles Lewis

Chatsworth, the Cascade House, by Thomas Archer, 1702Miles Lewis

GARDEN BUILDINGS GARDEN BUILDINGS & ASSOCIATIONISM& ASSOCIATIONISM

Rotunda and Queen's Theatre, Stowe, Bucks, by Vanbrugh, c 1719-24

Christopher Hussey, English Gardens and Landscapes 1700-1750 (London 1967), pl 122

the Pyramid, Stowe, between c 1719 and

1724

Hussey, English Gardens and Landscapes, pl 121

Castle HowardBrian & Hilary Lewis

Castle Howard: the fountainPitkin RH102LZ, TS418/6.

Castle Howard, the Pyramid, by Vanbrugh and Hawksmoor, 1728Downes, Hawksmoor, p 193

Castle Howard, the Gatehouse, by Vanbrugh, 1719MUAS 8,487

design for the south entrance of Holkham, Norfolk, by William Kent, undatedRudolf Wittkower, 'Lord Burlington and William Kent', p 131

Castle Howard: the Mausoleum, by Hawksmoor, begun 1729TS 417/2, Colourmaster International

INFORMALITYINFORMALITY

SHARAWADGITheir greatest reach of Imagination is employed in contriving Figures, where the Beauty shall be great and strike the Eye,

but without any order or disposition of parts, that shall be commonly or easily observ'd. And though we have hardly any Notion of this sort of Beauty, yet they have a particular word to express it; and when they find it hit their eye at first

sight, they say the Sharawadgi is fine or admirable ...

William Temple, The Gardens of Epicurus, 1665

plan of Tusculum (the villa of Pliny the Elder)Robert Castell, Villas of the Ancients, 1728

Chinese artificial mountains and cavernsFischer von Erlach, Entwurfeiner Historischen Architektur

THE BURLINGTON CIRCLETHE BURLINGTON CIRCLE

FREEDOM

... critic learning flourished most in France;The rules a nation, born to serve, obeys,

And Boileau still in right of Horace sways, But we, brave Britons, foreign laws despise ..

Alexander Pope, Essay on Criticism, 1711

THE GENIUS OF THE PLACE

Consult the Genius of the Place in all;That tells the Waters or to rise or fall,

Or helps th'ambitious Hill the heav'n to scale,Or scoops in circling theatres the vale,

Calls in the Country, catches opening glades,Joins willing woods, and varies shades from shades,

Now breaks or now directs, th'intending Lines;Paints as you plant, and, as you work, designs.

Alexander Pope

Pope's Villa at TwickenhamPevsner, Studies in Art, Architecture and Design, I, p 89

UNADORNED NATURE

There is certainly something in the amiable simplicity of unadorned nature, that spreads over the mind a more noble sort of tranquillity, and a loftier sensation of pleasure, than can be raised

from the nicer scenes of art ... This was the taste of the ancients in their gardens, as we may

discover from the descriptions extant of them.

Alexander Pope

plan of Pope’s garden by Serle, 1744

MUAS 13,440

Pope's Villaplan of the

grotto

Diana Balmori, 'Architecture, Landscape,

and the Intermediate Structure: Eighteenth-

Century Experiments in Mediation', Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, L, 1 (March

1991), p 46

Pope's grotto: sketch of the 1730s; modern viewHunt & Willis, The Genius of the Place, p 251; MUAS 12,442

design by William Kent for Pope's garden at TwickenhamMargaret Jourdain, The Work of William Kent: Artist, Painter, Designer and

Landscape Gardener (London 1948), fig 4