LamarckVsDarwinMrs. Mente

Name________________April 15, 2013

1. In his theory, Lamarck suggested that organisms will develop and pass on to offspring variations that they need in order to survive in a particular environment. In a later theory, Darwin proposed that changing environmental conditions favor certain variations that promote the survival of organisms. Which statement is best illustrated by this information?

1. Scientific theories that have been changed are the only ones supported by scientists.

3. Most scientific theories are the outcome of a single hypothesis.

2. All scientific theories are subject to change and improvement.

4. Scientific theories are not subject to change.

2. Base your answer on the passage below and on your knowledge of biology.

When Charles Darwin traveled to the Galapagos Islands, he observed 14 distinct varieties of finches on the islands. Darwin also observed that each finch variety ate a different type of food and lived in a slightly different habitat from the other finches. Darwin concluded that the finches all shared a common ancestor but had developed different beak structures.

The different beak structures mentioned in the last sentence were most like influenced by

1. selection for favorable variations 3. abnormal mitotic cell division

2. environmental conditions identical to those of the common ancestor

4. characteristics that are acquired during the bird's lifetime

3. Base your answer on the passage below and on your knowledge of biology.

When Charles Darwin traveled to the Galapagos Islands, he observed 14 distinct varieties of finches on the islands. Darwin also observed that each finch variety ate a different type of food and lived in a slightly different habitat from the other finches. Darwin concluded that the finches all shared a common ancestor but had developed different beak structures.

The 14 varieties of finches are most likely the result of

1. absence of biodiversity 3. asexual reproduction

2. biological evolution 4. lack of competition

4. Base your answer on the accompanying information and on your knowledge of biology.

Yes, This Big Lizard is PinkA new study from the University of Rome Tor Vergata shows that a rare strawberry-tinted land iguana [rosada iguana] in the Galapagos Islands is genetically distinct from other iguanas there, having diverged from them more than five million years ago as the archipelago [a group of islands] formed. The rosada iguana—which escaped Darwin's notice—was discovered only recently, largely because it lives on the desolate slopes of an active volcano.Source: Smithsonian, March 2009

According to information in the article, it is most likely that

1. the ancestors of this iguana were separated from ancestors of other Galapagos iguanas millions of years ago and adapted to different environments

3. gases released from an active volcano caused ancestral iguanas to mutate so they could adapt to the hot, dry environment near the volcano

2. the ancestors of this iguana came from the mainland of South America millions of years ago and needed to adapt

4. it is a color variation of the same species of iguana that lives elsewhere on the island, and it was not

to the conditions of the Galapagos discovered because it blended in with its environment near the volcano

5. Base your answer on the information below and on your knowledge of biology.

Yes, This Big Lizard is PinkA new study from the University of Rome Tor Vergata shows that a rare strawberry-tinted land iguana [rosada iguana] in the Galapagos Islands is genetically distinct from other iguanas there, having diverged from them more than five million years ago as the archipelago [a group of islands] formed. The rosada iguana—which escaped Darwin's notice—was discovered only recently, largely because it lives on the desolate slopes of an active volcano.Source: Smithsonian, March 2009

Which diagram best represents the evolutionary pathway of the strawberry-tinted iguana?

6. The information below was printed on a calendar of important events in the field of biology.

1859Darwin Publishes

On the Origin of Species by Natural Selection

This information is most closely associated with

1. an explanation for the change in types of minerals in an area through ecological succession

3. an attempt to explain the structural similarities observed among diverse living organisms

2. the reasons for the loss of biodiversity in all habitats on Earth

4. the effect of carrying capacity on the size of populations

7. The evolution of new insect populations that are resistant to chemical insecticides illustrates

1. biological control 3. natural selection

2. use and disuse 4. low survival value

8. Some of the concepts in Darwin's theory of natural selection are represented in the diagram shown.Which concept would be correctly placed in box X?

1. use and disuse 3. changes in nucleic acids

2. variation 4. transmission of acquired traits

9. Since the time of Darwin, increased knowledge of heredity has resulted in

1. the addition of use and disuse to Lamarck's theory 3. increased support for the theory of natural selection

2. the elimination of all previous evolutionary theories 4. disagreement with Mendel's discoveries

10. According to Darwin's theory of evolution, differences between species may be the result of

1. the disuse of body structures 3. natural selection

2. the transmission of acquired characteristics 4. mutagenic agents

11. Which concept includes the other three?

1. competition 3. natural selection

2. survival of the fittest 4. overproduction

12. Who proposed a theory of evolution stating that acquired characteristics can be passed on to the next generation?

1. Weismann 3. Morgan

2. Lamarck 4. Crick

13. "Spider monkeys developed a long grasping tail as a result of their need to feed in trees. This characteristic will appear in their offspring." These statements are most in agreement with the ideas of

1. Darwin 3. Lamarck

2. Mendel 4. Weismann

14. The concept that, due to a need, organisms acquired the ability to move from an aquatic environmnet onto land is most closely associated with a theory proposed by

1. Weisman 3. Miller

2. Lamarck 4. Mendel

15. In his theory of evolution, Charles Darwin was not able to explain

1. competition 3. reproduction

2. overproduction 4. variation

16. According to Charles Darwin, one factor that affects the evolution of a species is

1. variation due to genetic mutations 3. survival of the fittest

2. rapid fossil formation 4. exposure to environmental pollutants

17. One way that the modern theory of evolution dffers from the theory of evolution proposed by Charles Darwin is that the modern theory

1. includes the concept of use and disuse 3. identifies mutations as one explanation forvariations

2. does not include the concept of overproduction 4. does not consider the effects of genetic change