DIGESTI PACE In the fish

By:

Name : Novi AriyantiNIM : B1J012205The group : IGroup : IAssistant : Ivan Aprianto

CONSOLIDATED PRACTICUM PHYSIOLOGY ANIMALS I

MINISTRY of education and cultureJENDERAL SUDIRMAN UNIVERSITY

FACULTY of BIOLOGYPURWOKERTO

2013

I. DISCUSSION

1.1. Background

Nutrient is mixed with all kinds of material food that are usually called raw

materials or materials and is a component that is very important in the growth

animals. Fish Feeds might be a vegetable fats that is processed or in such a

manner so easy to eat, and absorbed by the body of fish. Nutrition that contained

in livestock feed has arranged to meet nutrient value fish and fish can make

growth with good (Kimball, 1983).

Digesti is the process of the destruction nourishment macro molecules to

substances that dissolved micro molecules so easily absorbed these foods and

then used in the process of metabolism. Based on equipments used, digesti

happened mechanical and chemical. Digesti mechanics are done in order to

break down food than use their teeth or muscle system. In various animal digesti

mechanical this happened in his mouth or in all along the channel digesti in a

cavity. Digesti protease enzyme (chemical involved, lipase, karbohidrase) as a

catalyst to speed up the process (Yuwono, 2001).

The process digesti needed time to digest the food or called at the rate

digesti. These heavy equipments digestive system consists of two channels that

digestive glands and the digestive tract. The process digesti that happened in the

stomach can be measured in the knowledge stomach emptiness pace. Affected

by high temperatures, the speed digesti also influenced by feeds that will be

consumed. For in livestock feed that will be consumed by fish there are many

womb-mineral content that will be absorbed by intestines fish, through digestive

system  that has taken place for fish consuming feeds. Fish feeds is varied will

affect quickly slow pace digesti or rapid stomach emptiness slow pace in a fish.

This is in accordance with the statement (Marshal, 1980), that the rapid pace

increased the stomach digesti, or the energy per unit time by the burning of fish

feeds that should be consumed to obtain the energy.

During this time using a fish Lele (Clarias batrachus). The reason the fish

Lele is because easily, the price at affordable prices, have a quite big stomach

organs so that it is easy to be observed in practicum digesti pace.

1.2. The goal

The purpose of practicum this time was to see the digesti or stomach

emptiness fish, know the shape empty stomach and contains a livestock feed and

can calculate the rate stomach emptying the contents.

2. MATERIALS and METHODS

2.1. Matter

As well as the tools that used in practicum is an aquarium glass of 30 x 50

x 30 cm as many as four surgical instruments, in weight, analytical, screening,

tweezers, scissors and as regards.

The materials dugunakan in practicum is Ikan (Clarias

batrachus), pelet, and water. 

2.2. How to work 

1. Aquarium is prepared and filled with water as high as 25 cm, then given

aeration.

2. Fish feeds given as much as 2.5 percent from weight total body of the fish

and fish left to consume feeds for 15 to 20 minutes .

3. All the fishes taken on one of the aquarium and done surgery to take

stomach fish, after stomach taken will be done considering to know the

stomach. The stomach , as the weight stomach in being full or zero hour

after meal .

4. All the fishes taken on one of the aquarium another after 30 minutes the

livestock feed and done surgical procedures such as above. The

weight advanced stomach by percentage is reflected in the stomach in 30

minutes after eating the weight of stomach at the time were satisfied.

5. All the fishes taken on one of the aquarium another after 60 minutes the

livestock feed and done surgical procedures such as above. The

weight advanced stomach by percentage is reflected in the stomach in 60

minutes after eating the weight of stomach at the time were satisfied.

6.  Observation Data diplotkan graphics in the form relationship

between observation with a percentage point values stomach.

III. RESULTS and DISCUSSION

3.1. Result

Table observation pace Digesti Ikan ( Clarias batrachus)

No. Group0 Minutes 30 Minutes 60 Minutes

Present Present By By (%) Bz (g) Bz (%)

on (g) on (%) (g)1. 1 0.51 100 0.37 72.55 0.39 76.4

2. 2 0.71 100 0.75 105 0.37 52

3. 3 0.81 100 0.87 107 0.7 86

4. 4 0.68 100 1.148 169 0.6419 94

5. 5 0.6 100 0.62 103 0.66 110

Note:

Bx  (g) : Bobot stomach first 0 minutes 

Present on (%) : The percentage point values stomach 0 minutes

By (g) : Bobot stomach 30 minutes 

By (%) : The percentage point values stomach 30 minutes 

Bz  (g) : Bobot stomach 60 minutes 

Bz (%) : The percentage point values stomach 60 minutes 

Counting result weight Stomach Ikan (Clarias batrachus) Group 6

Time: 0  minutes = Present on  x 100% = 0.51   x 100% = 100 PERCENT.

  Present on     0.51

      30 Minutes = By    x 100%  = 0.37 x 100% = 72.55 PERCENT.   Present on     0.51

   60 Minutes   = Bz   x 100%  = 0.39  x 100% = 76.4 percent.     Present on      0.51

3.2. Discussion 

0 30 600

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

Relations between The weight Graphics stomach and Time observation kElom-

pok IGroup I

Time observation ( min )

Th

e w

eig

ht

sto

mac

h f

ish

 

0 30 600

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

Relations between The weight Graphics stomach and Time Watching The group I

Group 1

2nd Group

Group 3

Group 4

Group 5

Time observation ( min )

We

igh

t S

tom

ac

h f

ish

 

Based on observation group I nutrient that is consumed by fish Lele

(Clarias batrachus) before given feeds pelet (0 min), , severe stomach

of 0.51 percentage 100%, then after 30 minutes are livestock feed and  severe

stomach that increased by 0.37 percentage with 72.55 percent, and after 60

minutes are left without livestock feed produced by severe stomach with a

percentage of 0.39 76.44 percent. This was not appropriate in accordance with

the verdict (Yuwono, 2001, and that the enough food, the fish will consume food

to meet their energy needs. When the time observation 0 minutes, proved to be

fish eat up to 100 percent, but more time watching his stomach fullness added,

the percentage decreases.

Stomach emptiness pace (pace digesti) had been found that based on the

table group 1 , experienced and weight gain stomach, while 2nd group, 3, 4, and

5, gains and losses weight stomach in 30 minutes after the administration

feeds. The experience of increase and decrease the weight stomach does not in

accordance with libraries, should be more time measurements after having been

given livestock feed, the more weight small stomach. Inaccuracy was can be

caused by factors such as age, gender, reproductive status, the food in the

intestines, stress physiological, aktivitasi, seasons, body size, and temperatures

environment (Yuwono, 2001).

The rate at the fastest pace digesti speed to solve food from the body of

fish from a complex molecules to molecules that are simple, and then will be

absorbed by the body of fish. The process digesti that happened in the stomach

can be measured in the knowledge stomach emptiness pace. Stomach is a body

organs animals that have a role in  digestive system , has a role in screening

food which go into the body, neutralize toxins that are in food, unuseful which is

profitable for the body (Elliot and Elliot,1997).

The rate digesti feeds in general metabolic rate is correlated with fish. The

temperature is optimal for the fish and metabolic rate fish increased metabolic

rate and as well as this should be compensated with supply , from the

neighborhood feeds. General fish that is poikiloterm, in water

temperature increased appetite that fish, the increase, while if there is a

decrease appetite temperature water, fish also decreased (Siregar, 1995).

Digesti is the process of the destruction nutrients (macro molecules) to a

substance dissolved (micro molecules) so easily absorbed these foods and then

used in the process of metabolism . The process digesti needs more time in

digestion of food. Time needed to digest food is called the digesti pace. These

heavy equipments digestive system consists of two channels that digestive

glands and the digestive tract. The digestive tract on his mouth, oral cavity

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, pilorus, intestines, rectum, and anus.

While the digestive secretions consists of heart, gall bladder and pancreas (The

examples were, 2004).

The process digesti fish started from the stomach (the fish which has a

stomach) and continued in intestine that will end in a hole exile waste materials.

The process digesti started from the food into his mouth, they are digested

mechanical and helped by the saliva and go to pharynx, esophagus and

accomodated dilambung to digest chemically with the help activated digestive

enzymes. Food that has been a tiny molecules and then entered into the

intestines to process the absorption or absorption , amounting to rectum

and anus to be removed. Digesti result in the form amino acids, fatty acid and

monosaccharide will be absorbed by epithelial intestine then circulated

throughout the body by circulation system (Kay, 1998).

Livestock Feed that should be consumed by fish will experience digesti

process in the digestive system before the nutrition feeds diaborbsi which will be

used for biological process on the body of fish. The process digesti fish on the

digestive system will involve activated digestive enzymes produced by the body.

The result was a digesti amino acids, fatty acid, and monosaccharide that will

diasorbsi by epithelial intestin then scattered throughout the body by circulation

system (Kay, 1998).

Nutrient molecules that great and compound designate molecules

which small and simple so that it can diabsorbsi and are used in animal body

through the process digesti. To solve this molecule took place over the channel

digesti animals. Based on a device used digesti happened mechanical and

chemical that involve enzyme ( protease, lipase, karbohidrase) that have a role

as a catalyst. While feeds component that can be used by the animal called

nutrition, which can be grouped in nutrition macro (protein, fat, carbohydrate )

and nutrition micro- that consists of  vitamins and  minerals (Yuwono, 2001).  

On digestive system food, the food digested designate simpler molecules

are so easily absorbed through the wall intestines and entered into the blood

stream. Digestive System is a process that took place on an ongoing basis.

Capability for the discerning fish feeds raw materials were influenced by several

factors such as chemical, the water, water temperature, the kind of livestock feed,

size, age fish, the nutrient livestock feed, the frequency feeds the physical and

chemical properties, and the number of livestock feed and various digestive

enzymes that was found in the digestive system ability feeds fish in digest food is

very dependent on complete digestive organs and availability digestive enzymes

(Fitriliyani, 2011).

The process digesti affected by performance and organs enzymes in the

body, is also associated with nutrient that is consumed by (Ritchie, 1985).

Digesti process can go on smoothly with the enzymes. Such an enzyme

influenced by factors such as pH and high temperatures. Almost all enzyme is

sensitive to pH. High temperature determine degrees their activities. Production

of the enzyme decreased in the fish with the temperature on appropriate

temperature range. Such an enzyme (per unit enzyme) much more increased

with the increase in temperatures (Zonneveld, 1991). According to Supriyanto et

al., (2007) in the case  , the number of normal copper (Cu )  are derived

enzymatically necessary for usually very little. In the state environment that

has hampered system enzyme ( enzyme inhibitor), the  Cu is found in the

network several species of animal waters of the world that has been very bad

regulations of the metal 

Connection to the pattern which related to environmental related with

water , a nutritionist fish are well aware a mistake and various difficulties in

determining digestibilitas procedures in  vivo. Measurements digestibilitas for

food ingredients that are different, especially in the case proteins, the nucleus

of an experiment is directing evaluation raw materials. Biochemical Engineering

offers a wide range of practical applications, such as a three-step (Alarcon,

2006).

IV. CONCLUSION

Based on observation that has been done can be concluded that:

1. The rate is the rate at a speed digesti solving food in the body of fish from a

complex molecules to molecules which are more simple, in the form glucose,

fatty acid, gliserol and nutrition and other nutrients.

2. The weight stomach in the fish Lele practicum result from 0 minutes, 30

minutes, and 60 minutes each of which is 0.37 grams;

0.37 grams; and 0.39 gram. 

3. Stomach forms that were filled with more stuffed and when pressed beads will

come out food while empty stomach form, thin and small.

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