LACI_ing_02_CHAPTER Industrial Conservation and its taxonomy_10122011_s

Enrique Dounce Villanueva.

CHAPTER 2 INDUSTRIAL CONSERVATION AND ITS TAXONOMY

CAPÍTULO 2 INDUSTRIAL CONSERVATION AND ITS TAXONOMY 23

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CHAPTER 2 INDUSTRIAL CONSERVATION AND ITS TAXONOMY

CHAPTER’S OBJECTIVES

At the end of this chapter, the reader will:

Understand the General Theory of Systems.

Describe Industrial Conservation Philosophy.

Interpret the Taxonomy of Industrial Conservation.

Verify the confusion existing between maintenance and conservation.

Contenido

2.1 INTRODUCTION. .......................................................................................................................................... 24

2.2 INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY.............................................................................................................................. 25

2.3 GENERAL SYSTEMS THEORY. (GST) ....................................................................................................... 26

2.4 INDUSTRIAL CONSERVATION AND ITS TAXONOMY. ............................................................................. 33

2.4.1 Industrial Conservation General Strategies. ..................................................................................... 34

2.4.2 The Work Team. .................................................................................................................................. 34

2.4.3 Industrial Preservation. ...................................................................................................................... 35

2.4.4 Industrial Maintenance. ...................................................................................................................... 37

2.4.5 Industrial Taxonomy. .......................................................................................................................... 38

2.5 CONCLUSIONS. ........................................................................................................................................... 40


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2.1 INTRODUCTION.

From a scientific point of view, my first contact with the different aspects of Industrial Maintenance was during the

Maintenance Congress which took place from June 4 to 15, 1962, in Stockholm, Sweden. I had the opportunity to

attend this Congress through the invitation of L.M. Ericsson, a telephone equipment manufacturer and provider.

This event awakened in me, a deep interest in Industrial Maintenance, especially focused in communications. Since

then, through my work at Telefonos de Mexico, S.A. and later as a Consultant and Lecturer in this industrial branch,

I have closely followed its evolution and I have reached the following conclusion:

Industrial Maintenance has, since ancient times, been considered as a third rate labor that can be

performed by, usually, unskilled persons.

The tragedy is that even technical schools, universities, and technological institutes in our country regard the study

of industrial maintenance as optional courses. This approach minimizes the importance of maintenance and in

general, to consider it as a trivial subject.

Let us remember what we learned in chapter 1:

How since human intelligence started working in our planet, over 120,000 years ago, man learned to fix his

tools, since they insured his survival in Earth. Throughout the millennia, man took better care of his tools,

going from a complete lack of attention to them, to an incipient corrective “maintenance”, from there to a

preventive maintenance, etcetera, until current “Asset Management” was reached.

That since then the same criteria has been used to maintain our habitat, but, in spite of it, it is confirmed

that since the first industrial revolution in 1780, our habitat’s destruction has increased exponentially. The

above can be seen in the excessive population increase which was estimated at that time at 791 million

people, and it is now (2011) at about 6,930 million persons.

That Asset Management has promoted our planet’s destruction because it is not based on the knowledge

about ecologic systems conservation (see subtopic 2.4.3)

When industry is required to take care of the environment, they mistakenly use the same “maintenance

tools” assuming that our habitat is only matter. Nevertheless, it is necessary to think about a change to an

ecologic and systems focused philosophy that would lead to better results in achieving this objective.

For over 30 years, there seems to be a new philosophy floating around at World level, called Industrial

Conservation. This philosophy is looking for the implementing of the characteristics of an ecologic system

similar to the solar system which has built a habitat that provides life and conserves it by preserving the

matter and maintaining the quality of the service it provides. The above has given rise to entities and

persons interested in studying industrial Conservation development. Therefore, we become obligated

to acquire knowledge about Ecology and the application of Systems Theory, as well as to have a holistic

vision about all of industry’s spheres.


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Let us focus on our subject:

In 1973, a publishing firm called Compañía Editorial Continental, S. A. (CECSA) published my first book: Maintenance

Management. In this book, I proposed the idea of Conservation, based on the fact that every physical resource in

operation has two attributes: the structure or parts that comprise it, and the service it provides. These attributes need to

be seen to separately (preserving the resource and maintaining the service).

In one of my last books “Productivity in industrial maintenance”, supported by the general theory of Systems and

Ecology, we verified that we, as professionals in this area, have the opportunity to improve and update our

knowledge and criteria so that it will aid in our professional development. But we need to be open to change, and to

follow a new way of thinking and acting in reference to what we currently call “Industrial Maintenance”.

In order to follow a sequence appropriate to our analysis, in this chapter we will first focus on Ecology, alter it we will see

General Systems Theory, to finish with Industrial Conservation..

2.2 INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY

The solid evolution of our World towards the search of a better life for all its inhabitants has caused, since the end of the last Century and the beginning of this XXI Century, the search for different knowledge alternatives about industrial maintenance. We have found that the solution is the study of scientific disciplines, particularly Natural Sciences.


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Since we seek to understand the structure and functioning inherent to live beings in their environment, we must look

for basis in Biology and one of its branches, Ecology, since the latter analyzes natural and human elements linked

by the symbiosis existing between them (rivers, climate, plants, animals, human beings, etc.). From all these

elements, man is special because he has the capability to act with intelligence to modify his environment rapidly

and according to his convenience whether that is for or against the system.

Industrial Ecology is a concept developed by industrial models scholars when comparing a Biologic System to an

Industrial System..

Industrial Ecology’s objective is the integration of knowledge about conservation in economic and

environment systems, where the production inputs and the product are considered an integral part of the

ecosystem. It seeks to reach an equilibrium between human and nature activity, developing methods to allow

reaching sustainable levels for both activities, and, at the same time, allow the production of satisfactors with the

required quality to reach the system’s and human welfare. Figure 2.1 shows the two branches in which

Manufacturing Industrial Ecology is divided. The first of them deals with the ecosystem’s structure and product; and

the second branch refers to its conservation.

Figure 2.1 Branches of Manufacturing Industrial Ecology

Let us make a pause in our advance to analyze the foundation of the General Systems Theory.

2.3 GENERAL SYSTEMS THEORY. (GST)

General Systems Theory will make it easy to deduct that to lengthen the life of an Ecologic system, it must be

preserved and maintained. In practical terms, an Ecologic System and a Manufacturing System have similar


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GST has provided the basis for many scientific studies to create the current “Systems Theory” (ST), which is

constantly being improved. The objective of ST is to find in human actions, structures that are similar to the

structures existing within our universe and that can be applied to our reality in a practical way. Figure 2.2 shows

some examples of systems.

Figure 2.2 Systems in general

Let us analyze the following definitions:

System: is a set of materials structured by elements or parts that are orderly related among themselves while

functioning thus contributing to reach a specific goal. There are two types of systems: open and closed

Open System.- It is a system which accomplishes symbiosis with its surrounding environment, from which it

feeds and which it helps.

Figure 2.3 Open system example

Closed System.- It is a system that does not interact with the environment: it is hermetic to any

environmental influence.

Figure 2.4 Closed Systems.

Complete System. It is a system integrated by an open system and all the necessary closed system so that

the system can function.

Environment

Environment

ProcessEntry ExitFrom other

Systems

To otherSystems

VAC AMP TEMP HYGR K/cm2 PH


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Figure 2.5 Complete System Example.

It is important to study in depth this latter system to gain a better understanding of it.

Complete system attributes.

In man produced industrial Systems, one can clearly see Newton’s third law applied since within them there are

two opposing forces, the Action, and the Reaction. Let us analyze each:

Action.

It is comprised by the following forces:

Entropy. It is the tendency of Systems to self-destroy because of consuming more energy than they

need

Defects It is the tendency of Systems to self-destroy caused by the different types of matter that

comprise it by being structured in series, in parallel, or in series-parallel.

Errors It is the tendency of Systems to self-destroy caused, unwillingly by men during the system’s

operation or conservation.

Reaction.

It is comprised by the following forces:

Homeostasis It is the tendency of Systems to keep the basic characteristics they were given by their

design.

Feed – Back It is the set of reactions within a system originated by a servomechanism or by man to get

the system to remain in equilibrium.

These attributes interact according to Newton’s laws during the time the system is operating. If these forces remain

equal throughout time, the system stays in equilibrium.

Environment

ExitFEEDBACKAMP

Closed System

Complete System

Entry PROCESS

Open System


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Let us use a control graph to explain the operation of a system called AC current generator with which we have

committed to deliver the user 120 VAC as an optimum, with a minimum variation of 110 VAC and a maximum of

130 VAC. These parameters are shown in figure 2.6, marked as three areas, the control area, which includes

values we accept as adequate; and two failure areas, which include values we do not accept. The ideal is that,

through sustainability, we can get the system to operate over the force equilibrium line until the end of its useful

life..

Figure 2.6 System’s parameters

Let us think that the generator was put to work as a system and during a time, the voltmeter showed the system in

equilibrium point “0” 120 VAC (see figure 2.7). However, imperceptibly, due to the difference between action and

reaction, the system reaches point “1” where slowly and subtly the system starts loosing its equilibrium until it

reaches a time when we perceive the changes announcing a Potential Failure, point “2”. This perception is due to

the fact that we notice variations in temperature, pressure, wattage, etcetera. At this time we begin to research

whatever is necessary to find out the reason for the deviation, plan its solution and act in order to return the system

to its equilibrium point “0”.

Figure 2.7 Forces disequilibrium

Errors

Defects

Entropy

Homeostasis

Feed-back

Control

Areal

Failure area

Failure area

Time

130 Vac

120 Vac

110 Vac

Equilibrium of forces line

Action = Reaction

Controlarea

Failure area

Failure area

Time

130 Vac

120 Vac

110 Vac

1

2a

a) Force disequilibrium line Action = Reaction

0 0

a


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Let us assume that you are the generator’s operator and that at the beginning of your turn, at 8 AM, you start the

generator, which starts working efficiently in point “0”. About 10:45, you noticed that velocity and wattage had

increased, reaching point “2”, so, using the accelerator, you returned the system to equilibrium point “0”. Similar

situations occurred at 12:50 and 13:50, problems which you attended to appropriately. At 14:45 you had to go to a

site far from the machine which was left unattended. At 14:55, you were informed of the system’s failure, which

required costly emergency tasks, with the ensuing displeasure from users. Imagine this type of problem in a Bullet

Train or an Airplane.

Figure 2.8 Returning system ot equilibrium

Systems level of Importance.

In reference to the importance Systems have for users, these are classified as: Vitals These are Systems that when they shut down, or their operation is degraded, there is danger of harm to human life or they cause catastrophic damages. Important These are Systems that when they shut down or their operation is degraded, considerable costs are incurred. Trivial These are Systems that when they shut down or their operation is degraded, it is not important.

In order to avoid failures in vital or important systems, since the XIX century, man started to develop systems

capable of auto-regulation, called servomechanisms. This type of mechanism when installed within a complete

system’s environment, capture the information provided by the closed systems and perform the necessary

modifications to restore the equilibrium between action and reaction of the complete system.

The Servomechanisms

Figure 2.9 considers that the three subsystems are working at the same time, but Number 1 is the one in charge of

the Service. When an anomaly arises, it sends an “Out of Service” message to the exchange box, which will then

obtain the Service form subsystem 2. The process is repeated in a similar way if subsystem 2 fails, getting the

service from subsystem 3.

Controlarea

Failure area

Failure area

Time

130 Vac

120 Vac

110 Vac

10:45 hrs.

12:50 hrs.13:50 hrs.

14:55 hrs.

16:00 hrs.

System’s failure or system’s death

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

0 0 0 0

08:00 hrs.


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Figure 2.9 Servomechanism

It should be noted that every time one of the subsystems fail, the Dependability of the system only decreases,

providing time for its rehabilitation and perennial Reliability..

Systems Feedback.

Feedback is the set of actions and reactions that take place within a system caused by the system’s characteristic

opposing forces, and governed by servomechanisms or by man to reach the goal of maintaining the system in

equilibrium during its useful life time.

Figure 2.10 Servomechanisms and man.

Satisfactor’s operation analysis.

Based on this general understanding of GST, let us develop an example, using a simple system, a light bulb. We

know that this product is formed by several material parts, rationally structured, such as tungsten, glass, copper,

sealing glue, etcetera. Each of them have their own characteristics and the set is structured to fulfill a specific

objective, which in this case, it to provide illumination with a quality defined by the product’s targeted market.


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Let us imagine what happens when we pass electric current through it. An intense current flows through the

filament, that causes it to become incandescent, thus giving light. To avoid the burning of the filament, the set of

materials are put into a glass bulb at high vacuum. We can now clearly see that the product has now become a

system, which turns electronic energy to thermal energy, and from there to luminous energy, among others.

The Light bulb, as a unit, is the product made by the manufacturer and which he guarantees that it will provide a

service. The product remains idle and available to the final user until it is required that it provides an illumination

service. From that moment onward, the product becomes a system; that is, it becomes a Satisfactor, (see figure

2.11).

Figure 2.11 Conversion of Product to Satisfactor

The satisfactor’s sustainability will be obtained applying Conservation’s criteria; that is, preserving the quality of

matter and maintaining the quality of its service. This is the foundation to understand what Industrial

Conservation is (figure 2.12).

Figure 2.12 Industrial Conservation

Interrelated Matter

Product in operation = System = Satisfactor

Idle ProductFunctioning System = Satisfactor

Working product Service obtained

Lightning


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2.4 INDUSTRIAL CONSERVATION AND ITS TAXONOMY. A concept similar to that existing in Ecology must be applied to the Conservation of productive systems. The

machine or operating product is an ecologic system formed by matter intelligently arranged so that when

operating, it will provide the service expected by the user.

Figure 2.13 Ecologic System’s Branches We can clearly see that there are three attention points in an Ecologic system, the system, the matter, and the

service it provides. Figure 2.13, above, clarifies this statement and it is precisely the criteria applied to Industrial

Conservation (Figure 2.14).

Figure 2.14 Industrial Conservation Branches

We define Industrial Conservation as the human action on a system which, through the application of scientific

and technical knowledge, contributes to the optimum use of resources in the human habitat, thereby promoting with

it the integral development of man and his ecosystem. Industrial Conservation is divided in two large branches,

Preservation which refers to the material part of the system, and Maintenance which is related to the service

provided by said matter.

Industrial Conservation needs information regarding the attention required by an item so that it functions properly

within its useful life time; that is, it requires general conservation strategies

INDUSTRIAL CONSERVATION

Preservation Maintenance


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2.4.1 Industrial Conservation General Strategies.

Strategies are those actions performed at any moment to obtain future results. Anything focused on future

results and that is using our current time is a strategic function. For example, for a product manufactured by

our firm, the specialized personnel, ever since its design stages, studied what was necessary to determine

the precise tasks required in order to attain the sustainability for this satisfactor both, from the point of view

of Preserving the quality of the material that forms the product as well as Maintaining the quality of the

service that the matter provides within the specific parameters. . At that time, the tasks required to maintain

the quality of the service provided by the matter within the specific parameters was also established. These

recorded ideas comprise what is known as Industrial Conservation General Strategies and are

included in the specific manual for this product provided by the manufacturer, and mistakenly known as the

“Maintenance Manual”. This manual is given to the client so that jointly with the supplier, they can perform

the Conservation tasks corresponding to both preservation and maintenance, which must be done

throughout the product’s life.

2.4.2 The Work Team.

Let us think about a company created by its partners to serve a market that demands light bulbs of a

specific quality. In their design, they decided to structure it with 15 “Work teams” so that each team can

consciously manufacture the Light bulbs. The team is formed by a man and a machine to join their

exclusive characteristics that, when operating, will become the production system (Figure 2.15).

Figure 2.15 Work team

Man is a unique “Machine”, very special; composed of two essential attributes: a physical part that

allows him to move and do jobs, and a psychic part that relates his intellect with his conscience

states. Man’s evolution made possible the development of tools to aid him in acquiring his

satisfactors. These tools eventually became what we usually call a “Machine”; that is, a set of

intelligently combined elements to manufacture a Product, with more velocity and accuracy than

man.

The machine does not possess a psyche, that is, human intelligence. Therefore, to be productive, the

machine will require to be operated by man, who can operate several machines at the same time. From this

we can conclude that for a conscious, intelligent, productive, reliable, fast, and exact set to exist in our

=+man machine Team


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environment, we need to form an efficient “Work Team” consisting of a human being and a machine to

obtain the product, which in turn, must work as a system to provide its user the appropriate satisfactor.

From the above, we can infer that our manufacturing resources make products which need to become

systems, and to attain their sustainability we must perform two human tasks:

1. The Product Preserve it.

2. The Service Maintain it.

2.4.3 Industrial Preservation.

Preservation is defined as the human action in charge of protecting the materials that form the resources

existing in the habitat. There are two type of Preservation: Preventive and Corrective, the difference

between the two being whether the work is done before of after there is a damage in the resource. For

example, painting a newly installed Hopper is a Preventive Preservation task, but if it is done to repair it,

then it becomes a Corrective Preservation task. We need to be aware that the matter that comprises an

item requires, during its life cycle to always be cared for by one of these two types of preservation.

For a system to achieve its expected life time (reliable operation for “n” hours), we need to carefully think

how to protect it from wear or random failures. For example, an electricity generating group needs, among

other things, oiling to decrease wear, fuses to Project its electric circuits, cleaning to avoid damage due to

dust, etc. We must analyze any resource we wish to protect and plan carefully the tasks we will perform.

This labor is called Preservation and is focused exclusively to care for the matter of the item we are

attending to. The criteria to observe is based on the fatigue time of matter, which generally does not follow

just one pattern, as it was believed at first (Bathtub Curve). As we will see in other chapters, the research

done from 1950 to 1978, made public in 1980 with the presentation of MSG-3, verified that there was more

than the failure pattern portrayed in the above mentioned curve, but found six additional failure patterns. All

these patterns indicated that, given an adequate conservation, the failures suffered by an item during its

useful life time are random in origin. In the case of Preservation, it certainly obeys to the alloys and

combinations of matter (in series, in parallel, or in series-parallel) that are currently arranged in to work

according to design. These tasks must be performed by the company’s personnel who are the interested

party in the company’s productivity, and the product’s supplier, who is the specialist in its operation. There

are three Preservation sequences in the useful life of matter: Periodic, Progressive and Total (Figure

2.16).


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Figure 2.16 Preservation

Periodic Preservation refers to the machine’s care and rational protection

during and in the place of operation. It is divided in two levels: the first level

refers to the resource’s user and the second level to a midlevel technician

(Figure 2.17).

First level. It corresponds to the resource’s user, who, as a first

responsibility must know in depth the operation manual and pay careful

attention to the preservation tasks he is assigned (Cleaning, oiling, small

adjustments, and minor repairs). These are usually performed at the place

the machine is operating.

Second level. It refers to the tasks assigned to the midlevel technician and

for which test equipment and essential tools are required to provide First

Aid to the machine at the working place.

Figure 2.17

Progressive Preservation. After a long operation time, machines must be

checked and repaired more thoroughly, thus requiring it to be performed

outside of its place of operation. In some cases it is less expensive for

companies to have their own personnel and shops to attend these tasks for

those equipments that require frequent manual tasks. In other cases, when a

more specialized preservation labor is required, it is better to hire nearby

shops. Due to the above, this preservation form is divided in two levels

(Figure 2.18):

Third level (Technician). It is attended by the company’s general repair

shop by personnel with strong craft characteristics, where the good labor

force is more important than the analysis work.

Fourth level (Specialists). It is attended by third parties with specialized

personnel and repair shops, usually to perform Preservation tasks focused

on specific company areas (Computers, Air conditioning, internal combustion

or electric motors, civil or electric engineering works, etcetera).

Figure 2.18

Preservation

(Company and Supplier)

Periodic ProgressiveTotal

(Overhaul)

Periodic

1st.

level

User

In th

e p

lace o

f

op

era

tio

n

2º

level

Middle

technician

In m

ini w

ork

sh

op

Progressive

3rd.

Level

Technician

In co

mp

an

y’s

wo

rksh

op

4th.

Level

Specialists

In s

pecia

lized

wo

rk s

ho

p

(Th

ird

part

y)


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Fifth level Total Preservation (Overhaul). Depending on the machine, a

time can be reached, that due to the long operating time, and despite having

been subjected to proper work at the other four preservation levels, an

intervention in a large quantity of the machine parts, a total rehabilitation or

Overhaul may be required. This fifth preservation level is usually performed

by the machine’s manufacturer in its own repair shops, in which any type of

reconstruction, repair or modification can be made (Figure 2.19).

At present there are technical regulations proponed by the Federal Aviation

Administration (FAA) that have the advantage of being applicable to any

machine and are a useful guide to know exactly up to what level of repairs to

make. For example, a reconstructed machine or motor is one that has been

repaired with new or used parts but approved by the manufacturer who will

deliver it to the client with a new useful life time and zero operation hours.

Figure 2.19

2.4.4 Industrial Maintenance.

Defining Maintenance .- It is the human activity that guarantees the existence of a service with a specified

quality.

From an ecologic point of view, Industrial Maintenance is the second branch of Industrial Conservation

and its work is exclusively focused on taking care of the system that comprises the item or satisfactor to

be cared for. These tasks must be performed by the item’s selling and buying companies personnel

since the former is interested in the product operating in accordance to the guarantee given to the client,

and that the product is installed with the appropriate maintainability and the buyer or user of the

product will demand the fulfillment of their agreement, verifying the item’s reliability and productivity.

For Maintenance, when a product is functioning as a system for the user, the product only has two types of

condition or “Status”, Accepted or Rejected. (Figure 2.20).

If the satisfactor is accepted Preventive Status

If the satisfactor is rejected Corrective Status

Figure 2.20

Total

(Overhaul)

5th.

Level

Specialists

In w

ork

sh

op

s

sim

ilar

to

Man

ufa

ctu

rer

(Su

pp

liers

)

Maintenance(Company and User)

Preventive

Status

Corrective

Status


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Maintenance strategies. Remember that the so called strategies, both for Maintenance as for

Preservation, are included in what the manufacturer gives the client as the “Maintenance manual”.

Preventive Maintenance Strategy. Set of operations and care necessary at

programmed intervals so that a system can continue providing service within

the expected quality and does not reach failure.

Predictive Maintenance Strategy. It is the verification through electronic and

statistical means of the present or future service behavior provided by a

resource, in order to proceed according to the condition it was found in. (Figure

2.21)

Figure 2.21

Corrective Maintenance Strategy. Repair services on items with an

unexpected failure. This strategy is based on the refitting or substitution of an

item’s parts once they fail. Repairing the failure is presented as an emergency.

Detector Maintenance Strategy. It consists of checking with a programmed

frequency the machine parts that have hidden functions, such as meters for

pressure, temperature, etc. to verify that they are working correctly. If not, the

failure is repaired without reaching an emergency status. (Figure 2.22)

Figure 2.22 We must emphasize that all Industrial Maintenance strategies are programmable, except corrective

maintenance for a vital resource. This type of emergency work is called Contingency Maintenance and

is covered through a Contingency Plan.

The most outstanding strategy due to its versatility and assurance of the quality of the items in which it is

applied is the Predictive strategy, since it utilizes two branches of human knowledge: Prediction and

Condition. In this way, with scientific basis, we can predict something that will happen during the

functioning of a system and through human feedback we can help correct the condition found

2.4.5 Industrial Taxonomy.

The above leads to the importance of having an adequate classification. Industrial taxonomy allows us to

verify the presence of the existing confusion in the current concept of “maintenance” and to rationalize the

technical and administrative activities applied to resource conservation, mostly in the following points:

Preventive

Status

Pre

ven

tive

Main

ten

an

ce

Str

ate

gy

Pre

dic

tive

Main

ten

an

ce

Sta

tues

Corrective

Status

Co

rrecti

ve

Main

ten

an

ce

Str

ate

gy

Dete

cti

ve

Main

ten

an

ce

Str

ate

gy


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Understanding industrial conservation concepts, since we will be speaking the same language,

worldwide.

It is possible to rank, in reference to the quality of the service provided by the systems (capital

resources and products), its importance to the company and group them in vital, important, and

trivial. This is profitable not only from an economic standpoint, but also for the company’s image,

prestige and reputation.

The service of quality that must be provided to the user attains priority, both to the

production as well as to the preservation and maintenance personnel, since all these tasks have

the same objective: the Service expected by the user.

Frictions between the production and conservation personnel decrease since all of them are

interested in attaining a common denominator: the quality of the service obtained by the user.

Down time is minimized, when contingency corrective maintenance is appropriately attended to

in resources classified as vital.

Quality, type of personnel, and Conservation labor that should be employed in the different

company’s resources is rationalized.

Personnel development becomes easier based on the knowledge and abilities they must

have to perform the resource conservation technical and administrative activities.

The organization of the conservation departments is done in a logical and functional way, when considering

the aspects that are required for its performance, which allows doing the following work:

1. Plan and program conservation at whole company level.

2. Company’s Conservation centralized control through an “integral conservation plan” that

attends to planning (strategy) and programming (tactics) for this function.

3. Appropriate attention to contingent conservation for “vital” and “important” resources

through contingency plans which allow to restore the service frequently before the machine is

repaired.

4. Appropriate attention to defects and errors following specific work orders.

Concluding, it is necessary to emphasize that if in other sciences, techniques, or arts we seek to obtain the

quality of service expected to be provided to the user from each human endeavor, we can state that this is

the center of our universe; that is, the common denominator of our interests. Said service can assume a

thousand forms, but it leads to one point, our expectations as users.


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In order to facilitate our analysis, let us see a complete Taxonomy of Industrial Conservation (Figure 2.23).

Figure 2.23 Taxonomy of Industrial Conservation

2.5 CONCLUSIONS.

Since the middle of the XX Century, Conservation and Management, specially at high levels, are experiencing a

notable interdependent evolution, so that at the end of last Century, and based on “maintenance,” “Asset

Management” emerged, from which the British norm PASS 55 is derived. We should emphasize that the

“maintenance” concept considered by asset Management is a concept that through the last five or six years, I have

proved it is mistaken since it is only based on scientific knowledge, that although needed, they must be

complemented by ecology and systems theory which involve a profound knowledge about our habitat and the

systemic knowledge to understand in depth how to reach our habitat’s Sustainability.

From the above, we consider that the next step is to take advantage of the knowledge we acquired here to reach

the appropriate development of companies without damaging their environment and their ecologic

surroundings. We need to search for a greater symbiosis within the companies so as to minimize the ecologic

damage to our habitat, and to use the wastes generated by each system. This will result in a better use of matter

and energy to generate satisfactors for men.

It is here where a change in focus is needed! Here where we must start our evolution!

To progress from current Asset Management to

Ecologic Management of Systems.

INDUSTRIAL

CONSERVATION

Preservation

(Company and Supplier)

Maintenance(Company and User)

Periodic ProgressiveTotal

(Overhaul)

Preventive

Status

Corrective

Status

1st.

level

User

In th

e p

lace o

f

op

era

tio

n

2º

level

Middle

technician

In m

ini w

ork

sh

op

3rd.

Level

Technician

In co

mp

an

y’s

wo

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LACI_ing_02_CHAPTER Industrial Conservation and its taxonomy_10122011_s