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Revised July, 2017
Laboratory
Safety
Manual
Denise Gillespie, BSN
Director
Campus Health & Safety
7525 Picardy Avenue
Baton Rouge, LA 70808
(225)‐768‐1755 [email protected]
Dawn Simms, MS
Chemical Hygiene Officer
5222 Brittany Drive, Suite B
Baton Rouge, LA 70808
(225)‐214‐1951 [email protected]
Franciscan Missionaries
of Our Lady University
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................................................................... 2
Campus Laboratory Safety Manual ........................................................................................................ 7
A. Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 7
B. How to Use This Manual ............................................................................................................. 7
1. Authorities and Responsible Parties .................................................................................... 8
2. System of Communications ................................................................................................... 12
3. System for Assuring Employee Compliance with Safe Work Practices .......................... 12
4. Health and Safety Training .................................................................................................... 13
5. Hazard Evaluation and Inspection ....................................................................................... 14
a. Evaluation of Safety Hazards ...................................................................................... 14
b. Laboratory Safety Inspections ..................................................................................... 14
1. Hazard Correction ............................................................................................................... 15
2. Accident Investigation ........................................................................................................ 15
3. Recordkeeping and Documentation ................................................................................... 16
C. Chemical Safety .......................................................................................................................... 16
D. Biosafety and Radiation Safety ................................................................................................ 16
Chemical Hygiene Plan .......................................................................................................................... 17
I. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 17
A. Purpose ........................................................................................................................................ 17
B. Scope ............................................................................................................................................. 17
C. Regulatory Requirements ......................................................................................................... 18
D. Rights and Responsibilities ....................................................................................................... 19
1. Responsibilities of Laboratory Faculty and Academic Staff Members ............................ 19
2. Responsibilities of Students, Student Workers, Researchers, & Visitors ........................ 20
3. Responsibilities of the University ......................................................................................... 21
4. Responsibilities of the Chemical Hygiene Officer .............................................................. 21
5. Responsibilities of Laboratory Coordinators ...................................................................... 21
II. Chemical Hazard Identification ................................................................................................... 22
A. Safety Data Sheets ...................................................................................................................... 22
B. Labels and Other Forms of Warning ....................................................................................... 22
C. Employee Information and Training ....................................................................................... 23
D. Novel Chemicals ........................................................................................................................ 23
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III. Classes of Hazardous Materials .................................................................................................. 24
A. Flammability and Combustibility Hazards ............................................................................ 25
B. Reactivity and Stability Hazards .............................................................................................. 26
C. Oxidizers...................................................................................................................................... 26
D. Health Hazards ......................................................................................................................... 26
1. Corrosive Substances .............................................................................................................. 27
2. Irritants ...................................................................................................................................... 27
3. Sensitizers ................................................................................................................................. 27
4. Hazardous Substances with Specific Target Origin Toxicity (STOT) .............................. 28
5. Particularly Hazardous Substances ...................................................................................... 28
a. Acute Toxins ........................................................................................................... 29
b. Reproductive Toxins .............................................................................................. 29
c. Carcinogens ............................................................................................................. 30
6. Nanomaterials .......................................................................................................................... 30
7. Compressed Gases & Cryogenic Liquids ............................................................................. 31
8. Pesticides ................................................................................................................................... 31
IV. How to Reduce Exposures to Hazardous Materials ................................................................ 32
A. Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 32
B. Safety Controls ............................................................................................................................ 32
1. Engineering Controls .............................................................................................................. 33
a. General Laboratory Ventilation ............................................................................ 33
b. Fume Hoods ............................................................................................................ 33
c. Glove Boxes and Ventilated Containment Devices ........................................... 35
d. Other Engineering Controls .................................................................................. 35
i. Biological Safety Cabinets ................................................................................ 36 ii. Laminar Flow Benches ...................................................................................... 36
iii. Autoclaves .......................................................................................................... 37 2. Administrative Controls ......................................................................................................... 38
3. Protective Apparel and Equipment ...................................................................................... 38
4. Safe Laboratory Habits ........................................................................................................... 39
a. Personal Protective Equipment ............................................................................ 40
b. Chemical Handling ................................................................................................ 40
c. Equipment Storage and Handling ....................................................................... 40
d. Laboratory Operations ........................................................................................... 41
e. Fire Protection & Prevention ................................................................................ 42
f. Food/Drink .............................................................................................................. 42
V. Inventory, Labeling, Storage and Transport .............................................................................. 43
A. Chemical Inventories ................................................................................................................. 43
B. Chemical Labeling ...................................................................................................................... 44
C. Chemical Storage & Segregation .............................................................................................. 44
1. General Recommendations for Safe Storage of Chemicals ................................................ 44
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2. Flammable and Combustible Liquids ................................................................................... 47
3. Pyrophoric and Water Reactive Materials ........................................................................... 48
4. Oxidizers ................................................................................................................................... 49
5. Peroxide‐Forming Chemicals (Time‐Sensitive Materials) ................................................. 49
6. Corrosives ................................................................................................................................. 49
7. Acutely Toxic Chemicals ........................................................................................................ 50
8. Special Storage Requirements ................................................................................................ 50
a. Compressed Gas Cylinders ................................................................................... 50
b. Cryogenic Liquids .................................................................................................. 51
D. On‐Campus Transport of Hazardous Chemicals .................................................................. 51
E. Off‐Campus Transport or Shipment of Hazardous Chemicals ........................................... 51
VI. Inspections and Compliance ....................................................................................................... 52
A. Laboratory Safety Inspections‐ Lab Personnel ...................................................................... 52
B. Laboratory Safety Inspections‐ Dept. of Health & Safety ..................................................... 52
C. Recordkeeping Requirements .................................................................................................. 52
VII. Hazardous Waste Management ................................................................................................ 53
A. Identification ............................................................................................................................... 53
B. Storage .......................................................................................................................................... 53
C. Segregation .................................................................................................................................. 54
D. Incompatible Waste Streams .................................................................................................... 54
E. Accumulation Time .................................................................................................................... 54
F. Drain Disposal ............................................................................................................................. 55
G. Bench Top Treatment ................................................................................................................ 55
H. Transportation and Disposal .................................................................................................... 55
1. Chemical Waste ....................................................................................................................... 56
2. Biological Waste ...................................................................................................................... 56
3. Sharps ....................................................................................................................................... 57
VIII. Accidents, Spills and Emergencies .......................................................................................... 58
A. Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 58
B. Accidents ...................................................................................................................................... 58
1. Burns to the Skin ..................................................................................................................... 59
2. Burns to the Eyes ..................................................................................................................... 59
3. Cuts and Abrasions ................................................................................................................. 60
4. Needle‐Stick Injuries ............................................................................................................... 60
5. Poisoning .................................................................................................................................. 61
C. Laboratory Safety Equipment .................................................................................................. 61
1. Fire Extinguishers ................................................................................................................... 61
2. Safety Showers and Eyewash Stations ................................................................................. 62
D. Fire‐Related Emergencies ......................................................................................................... 63
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E. Chemical Spills ............................................................................................................................ 64
1. Flammable and Toxic Liquids................................................................................................ 64
2. Corrosive Liquids .................................................................................................................... 65
3. Corrosive Solids ....................................................................................................................... 65
4. Toxic Solids ............................................................................................................................... 65
5. Gases .......................................................................................................................................... 65
6. Mercury ..................................................................................................................................... 66
7. Chemical Splashes to the Skin ............................................................................................... 66
8. Chemical Splashes to the Eyes ............................................................................................... 66
F. Biological Spills ........................................................................................................................... 67
1. Small Spills ............................................................................................................................... 67
2. Large Spills ............................................................................................................................... 67
3. Biological Splashes to the Eyes .............................................................................................. 68
4. Compressed Gas Leaks .......................................................................................................... 68
5. Severe Radiation Exposure .................................................................................................... 68
G. General Laboratory Power Outage Plan ................................................................................. 69
IIX. References ......................................................................................................................................... 69
IX. Appendices ........................................................................................................................................ 70
Glossary ............................................................................................................................................ 70
List of Acronyms ............................................................................................................................. 85
OSHA Hazard Communications .................................................................................................. 87
Hazard Communication: Standard Labels and Pictograms .................................................. 87
Hazard Communication: Standard Transfer of Chemicals ................................................... 96
Hazard Communication: Chemical Fume Hoods ................................................................... 98
Hazard Communication: Latex Allergy ................................................................................... 100
Standard Operating Procedures
SOP #900: General Laboratory Accidents ................................................................................. 102
SOP #901: Large Chemical Spills ............................................................................................... 103
SOP #902: Small Chemical Spills & Splashes ........................................................................... 104
SOP #903: Flammable & Toxic Liquid Spills ............................................................................ 105
SOP #904: Corrosive Liquid Spills ............................................................................................. 106
SOP #905: Corrosive Solid Spills................................................................................................ 107
SOP #906: Toxic Solid Spills ....................................................................................................... 108
SOP #907: Gas Leaks .................................................................................................................... 109
SOP #908: Mercury Spills & Splashes ....................................................................................... 110
SOP #909: Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) .................................................................... 113
University Building Inspection Form (Complete Audit) ............................................................ 116
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LABORATORY SAFETY
MANUAL
A. Introduction
Safety is an integral part of laboratory research and an essential component of workplace
practice. Laboratory operations involve the use of hazardous materials and equipment that may
pose physical and health hazards to laboratory personnel. These hazards can be managed and
minimized through appropriate facilities, protocols, and knowledgeable personnel. This
Laboratory Safety Manual is intended to aid faculty, staff, and students in maintaining a safe
environment to teach and conduct research.
All faculty, staff, students, and visitors have responsibilities to ensure a safe environment for
academic course work and research. Each laboratory using hazardous materials is required to
have a copy of this manual readily available to all laboratory personnel (hardcopy and/or
electronic is acceptable). Each laboratory worker must be familiar with the contents of the
manual and the procedures for obtaining additional safety information needed to perform their
duties safely. In order to maintain personnel protection, the Office of Health and Safety provides
assistance, training, and oversight to ensure safety and regulatory compliance for all uses of
laboratory equipment, biological agents, and hazardous chemicals.
B. How to Use This Manual This manual is intended to be a resource and to help laboratory personnel manage hazards and
mitigate associated risks. In view of the wide variety of chemical products handled and equipment
used in laboratories, it should not be assumed that the precautions and requirements stated in this
manual are all‐inclusive. Faculty, staff, and students are expected to learn about the hazards of
chemical products and laboratory equipment before handling or using them. Principal
Investigators (PIs) and Laboratory Supervisors must provide laboratory‐specific supplemental
information to augment the manual (e.g., written standard operating procedures (SOPs),
laboratory equipment manuals, safety data sheets, training records, etc.). Each individual
laboratory shall maintain a Departmental Safety Plan Volume specific to the program’s
curriculum and safety requirements.
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1. Authorities and Responsible Parties The authoritative chain of command for safety matters is as follows:
All employees and personnel working with hazardous chemicals have the responsibility to
conscientiously participate in training classes on general laboratory safety and read and be familiar
with the contents of the CHP. Those working with chemicals are responsible for staying informed
about the chemicals in their work areas, safe work practices (including available engineering
controls), and proper PPE required for the safe completion of their work activities.
Lab supervisors are responsible for the implementation and enforcement of laboratory safety
regulations in their areas of responsibility. Responsibility for laboratory safety during course work
lies with the faculty or staff member in charge of each laboratory course. It is faculty/staff
responsibility to evaluate any safety issues associated with experiments, and to ensure that safety
rules, guidelines, and regulations are being followed. Faculty/staff are responsible for daily clean‐
up, solvent storage, and waste disposal following their course.
University
President
Safety Committee
Laboratory Coordinators
Chemical Hygiene Officer
Laboratory Supervisors
Faculty, Staff, Students & Visitors
Dir. of Health & Safety
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Laboratory Coordinators are responsible for the following:
- Management and maintenance of their assigned laboratory
- Conducting regularly scheduled (frequency depends on hazard classification level)
internal laboratory audits
- Preparing incidence reports for assigned laboratory when needed
- Submitting all safety related documentation (including internal laboratory audits,
incidence reports, etc.) to the Chemical Hygiene Officer (CHO) and/or Director of Health
& Safety, as needed
- Reporting any and all laboratory safety concerns to the CHO and/or Director of Health &
Safety, as needed
- Identifying hazards in the laboratory, determining safe procedures and controls, and
implementing and enforcing standard safety procedures
- Providing and documenting a safety orientation for the workplace and training on
common processes on the first day an individual is granted access to or assigned work
activities within the laboratory
- Requiring laboratory personnel have access to and comply with the CHP and Laboratory
Safety Manual and ensuring they do not operate equipment or handle hazardous
chemicals without proper training
- Ensuring the availability of all appropriate PPE (e.g., laboratory coats, gloves, safety
eyewear, etc.) and that the PPE is maintained in working order
- Establishing SOPs (general and protocol specific) and performing literature searches
relevant to health and safety for laboratory‐specific work
- Maintaining an updated chemical inventory for the laboratory or facility
- Promptly disposing of unwanted or excess hazardous chemicals and materials following
campus, state, and federal waste disposal requirements.
- Complying with all state and federal regulations for shipment of any hazardous
materials. Consult with the Dept. of Health & Safety for further information
- Ensuring the availability of appropriate resources and procedures for responding to an
accident, including the cleanup of small chemical spills
- Immediately reporting any fires or fire extinguisher discharge to the Fire Department,
even if the fire is extinguished
- Paying fines resulting from citations as a result of action or failure to comply with
health/safety or environmental laws and regulations.
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The CHO is responsible for the following:
- Administer the Universityʹs Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP) in compliance with OSHA
Laboratory Standards
- Maintain records of compliance to CHP, including SDS forms, safety and inspection
reports, safety training records, and documentation of compliance with chemical and
biological storage and disposal regulations
- Report problems and malfunctions of equipment to the Department Coordinator in a
timely manner and ensure that it is removed from student access and clearly identified
for repair
- Join the safety committee and attend monthly meetings to report on safety related
incidents, major updates to the CHP, instrument breakdowns, installations, new
requirements, etc.
- Ensure weekly and/or monthly safety checks and the annual safety inspections are
performed and reported by each laboratory coordinator
- Ensure policies for proper management and disposal of chemical, biohazard, and
radioactive waste are being implemented campus‐wide
- Provide training to students, faculty, and staff on biological, chemical and radiation
safety when necessary
- Review safety reports with administration and faculty members involved in laboratory
work and recommend corrective action when necessary
- Review and evaluate the effectiveness of the campus CHP at least annually and update
it as appropriate. Continually seek ways to improve the CHP
The Safety Committee is responsible for the following:
- Oversee implementation of laboratory health and safety requirements as described in this
Laboratory Safety Manual
- Advise the President of any situations involving non‐compliance with university or
departmental health and safety policies and procedures.
- Organize department health and safety activities
- Ensure that laboratory safety policies and procedures are effectively communicated to
Faculty, Staff, and students
- Receive and evaluate concerns, complaints, accident/incident reports, and recommend
corrective actions related to campus health and safety issues
- Facilitate the process of pro‐active hazard identification by way of regular laboratory
inspections and reviews of safety procedures
- Receive and review weekly, monthly, semiannual, and annual laboratory safety
inspection reports
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The Director of Health & Safety is responsible for the following:
- Preparation and presentation of laboratory safety and environmental management
training
- Development of laboratory safety rules and policies
- Incident/accident investigation with corrective action recommendations to enhance
safety and environmental procedure
- Implementation of the FMOLU Health and Safety policies at all facilities and properties
under campus control
- Establishing and maintaining programs for providing a safe and healthy work
environment
The University President is responsible for providing broad overview to the Safety
Committee, the Office of Health & Safety, the Director of Health & Safety, Laboratory
Coordinators, the Chemical Hygiene Officer, Faculty, Staff, Instructors, Students, and
Visitors at FMOLU. The President has the ultimate responsibility for the overall campus Health
and Safety policies. The University President has delegated responsibility for laboratory and
chemical safety to the individuals below:
Director of Campus Health and Safety: Denise Gillespie, BSN
(225)‐768‐1755 |[email protected]
Chemical Hygiene Officer (CHO): Dawn Simms, MS
(225) 214‐1951|[email protected]
Biology Laboratory Coordinator: Dawn Simms, MS
(225) 214‐1951|[email protected]
Chemistry Laboratory Coordinator: Daphne Oldendorf, BS
(225) 490‐1663|[email protected]
Clinical Laboratory Sciences Coordinator: Margaret Deviller, CLP.LAB, BS
(225) 214‐6974|[email protected]
Graduate Nursing Coordinator: Cole “Dusty” Pourciau CRNA
(225) 214‐6991|[email protected]
Undergraduate Nursing Coordinator: Carolyn Buancore RN
(225) 768‐1782|[email protected]
Physical Therapy Assisting Coordinator: Leah Geheber, PT, MS
(225) 768‐1746|[email protected]
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Radiological Technology Coordinator: Nicole St.Germain BSRT (R)
(225) 214‐1952|[email protected]
Respiratory Therapy Coordinator: Sue Davis, MA.Ed, RRT
(225) 768‐0802|[email protected]
SETH Lab Coordinator: Tabitha Jones‐Thomas, MSN, RN
(225) 978‐0305|tabitha.jones‐[email protected]
2. System of Communications
Effective communications with FMOLU employees is established using the following:
‐ FMOLU Safety Plan Manual
‐ Laboratory Safety Manual
‐ Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP)
‐ Standard Operating Procedures
‐ Safety Data Sheets
‐ Monthly Safety Committee meetings
‐ Internal media and training materials
3. System for Assuring Employee Compliance with Safe Work
Practices
Employees have been advised of adherence to safe work practices and the proper use of required
personal protective equipment. Conformance will be reinforced by discipline for non‐
compliance in accordance with University policy. If an employee neglects to follow proper safety
procedures, documented records are on file that clearly indicate training was provided for the
specific topic, and the employee understood the training and potential hazards, then corrective
action will be pursued. Corrective action includes, but is not limited to, the following: Letter of
Warning, Suspension, or Dismissal.
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4. Health and Safety Training
Effective training is a critical component of a safe work environment. All employees must be
trained in general safe work practices and be given specific instructions on hazards unique to
their job assignment and laboratory. Achieving safety training requirements is a cooperative
effort between departments, supervisors, laboratory personnel, and the Dept. of Health & Safety.
The use of an existing equivalent checklist documenting training of these topics is also
acceptable. An effective health and safety training program must include appropriate oversight,
proper recordkeeping, instruction on the proper use of equipment and personal protective
equipment (PPE) (e.g., safety eyewear, gloves, laboratory coats, respirators, etc.), and safe work
practices. Accurate recordkeeping of training activities demonstrates a commitment to the safety
and health of the community, integrity of research, and protection of the environment.
Health and safety training, covering both general work practices and job‐specific hazard training
is the responsibility of lab coordinators, immediate supervisor(s) and faculty teaching lab
courses, as applicable to the following criteria:
- Supervisors are provided with training to become familiar with the safety and health
hazards to which employees/students under their immediate direction and control may
be exposed.
- Faculty, Instructors, and Staff involved in Laboratory coursework or research shall be
trained annually on Laboratory Safety.
- All employees given new job assignments receive training on the hazards of their new
responsibilities prior to actually assuming those responsibilities.
- Training is provided whenever new substances, processes, procedures or equipment
(which represent a new hazard) are introduced to the workplace/classroom.
- Whenever the employer is made aware of a new or previously unrecognized hazard,
training is provided.
- Students enrolled in Biology and Chemistry Courses shall receive a safety lecture on the
first day of class and sign and date a Commitment to Laboratory Safety form.
- Students enrolled in clinical programs shall receive a Student Handbook at the program’s
orientation that covers Health & Safety and sign a document stating that they have
received the information, and that they agree to practice safe measures before each
Laboratory exercise.
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5. Hazard Evaluation and Inspection
a. Evaluation of Safety Hazards Administrative inspections and consultations are conducted periodically to identify and evaluate
potential hazards. Inspections are also conducted as required for accident investigations, injury
and illness cases and unusual occurrences. Laboratory safety reviews are performed on an annual
basis by Department of Health & Safety to assist laboratory supervisors and coordinators maintain
a safe laboratory environment and aid in compliance with Federal, State, County regulations and
University policies. The Department of Health & Safety conducts safety reviews, issues reports,
assists investigators with regulatory compliance, conducts follow‐up reviews to ensure timely
corrective actions and provides training on laboratory safety.
b. Laboratory Safety Inspections Each Laboratory Coordinator shall conduct the weekly and/or monthly (frequency depends on
determined level of safety hazard for each lab) Internal Lab Audits for his/her Laboratory, record
these checks on the appropriate form provided in the Appendix, maintain the completed forms
in the appropriate file on the G: drive (G:\DATA\College\Support Services\Health & Safety).
Programs in noncompliance with this policy shall be reported to the Director of Health & Safety
for further action.
In addition, the following safety equipment is to be monitored at the intervals listed:
- Refrigerators: Daily for refrigerators containing live bacterial samples (report average
temperature per week if no abnormalities), weekly for all others.
- Freezers: Daily for freezers containing live bacterial samples (report average temperature
per week if no abnormalities), weekly for all others.
- Safety Shower & Eyewash Stations: Monthly
- Fire Extinguishers: Monthly
- Biological Safety Cabinets: Annually
- Fire Blankets: Annually
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6. Hazard Correction
Hazards discovered either as a result of a scheduled periodic inspection or during normal
operations must be corrected by the supervisor in control of the work area, or by cooperation
between the department in control of the work area and the supervisor of the employees working
in that area. Supervisors of affected employees are expected to correct unsafe conditions as quickly
as possible after discovery of a hazard, based on the severity of the hazard.
Specific procedures that can be used to correct hazards include the following:
- Tagging unsafe equipment “Do Not Use until Repaired,” and providing a list of
alternatives for employees to use until the equipment is repaired.
- Stopping unsafe work practices and providing retraining on proper procedures before
work resumes.
- Reinforcing and explaining the need for proper personal protective equipment and
ensuring its availability.
- Barricading areas that have chemical spills or other hazards and reporting the hazardous
conditions to appropriate parties.
If an imminent hazard exists, work in the area must cease, and the appropriate supervisor must
be contacted immediately. If the hazard cannot be immediately corrected without endangering
employees or property, all personnel need to leave the area except those qualified and necessary
to correct the condition. These qualified individuals will be equipped with necessary safeguards
before addressing the situation.
7. Accident Investigation
All employees will immediately notify their supervisor when occupationally‐related injuries and
illnesses occur, or when employees first become aware of such problems.
Supervisors will investigate all accidents, injuries, occupational illnesses, and near‐miss
incidents to identify the causal factors or attendant hazards. Appropriate repairs or procedural
changes will be implemented promptly to mitigate the hazards implicated in these events.
Note: Serious occupational injuries, illnesses, or exposures must be reported to OSHA by a Dept.
of Health & Safety within eight hours after they have become known to the supervisor. These
include injuries/illnesses/exposures that cause permanent disfigurement or require
hospitalization for a period in excess of 24 hours.
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8. Recordkeeping and Documentation The following documents will be maintained at G:\DATA\College\Support Services\Health &
Safety for at least the length of time indicated below:
- Hazard Alert/Correction Forms.
Retain for three (3) years.
- Worksite Inspection Forms.
Retain for three (3) years.
- Laboratory Safety Inspections/Internal Laboratory Audits.
Retain for two (2) years.
- Incidence Reports.
Retain for three (3) years.
- Employee Safety Training Attendance Records.
Retain for three (2) years.
- Safety Committee Meeting minutes.
Retain for two (2) years.
C. Chemical Safety
The Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP) establishes a formal written program for laboratory personnel
to use to protect against adverse health effects and safety hazards associated with the use, storage,
and disposal of chemicals as required by OSHAʹs Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals
in Laboratories Standard. Personnel within a laboratory, or those whose work activities are
research‐related and involve the use of hazardous chemicals, are subject to the requirements of the
campus CHP. The campus CHP is now a component of this laboratory safety manual, providing
general guidelines for managing laboratory hazardous chemicals.
D. Biosafety and Radiation Safety
The Dept. of Health & Safety oversees the safe use of infectious biological agents, recombinant or
synthetic nucleic acids (rDNA), and the propagation and release of recombinant organisms
including plants, animals, and microbial agents as part of research at FMOLU, as required by . No
work with infectious biological agents or rDNA is permitted on the campus prior to approval,
based on guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National
Institutes of Health.
The Dept. of Health & Safety oversees the safe use of radioactive materials, x‐ray producing
machines, and high intensity light sources that include lasers. No work with these materials and
equipment can be performed on campus prior to approval, as required.
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CHEMICAL HYGIENE PLAN
I. Introduction
A. Purpose
This Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP) establishes a formal written program for managing the risks
posed by health and safety hazards associated with the use of hazardous chemicals in
laboratories and research. The CHP describes the proper use, handling, storage and disposal
practices and procedures to be followed by faculty, staff, students, visiting scholars, and all other
personnel working with hazardous chemicals at FMOLU. This plan is based on best practices
identified in, among others sources, “Prudent Practices for Handling Hazardous Chemicals in
Laboratories,” published by the National Research Council, and the American Chemical Society’s
Guidelines for Chemical Laboratory Safety in Academic Institutions and “Creating Safety Cultures in
Academic Institutions”, and must be made available to all applicable personnel.
The CHP is designed to protect employees and students from potential health and physical
injuries presented by chemicals used in the academic setting, and to keep chemical exposures
below specified limits. Laboratory operations involve the use of hazardous chemicals and
equipment, which may pose health hazards and physical hazards to laboratory personnel. These
hazards can be managed and minimized through appropriate facilities, protocols, and
knowledgeable personnel. Regulations that address these issues are intended to formalize
existing protocols and training practices. These protocols and practices are routinely practiced
and addressed in the private sector. Implementation, while legally mandated, also enhances the
academic experience of our students and prepares students to recognize regulatory aspects of
research operations at FMOLU and elsewhere. All faculty, staff, and lab personnel have
responsibilities to ensure a safe environment for academic course work and research.
B. Scope
The CHP applies to personnel within a laboratory where hazardous chemicals are used or stored,
or those whose work activities are research‐related and involve hazardous chemicals. ʺLaboratory
use,ʺ means that:
- Chemical manipulations are carried out on a “laboratory scale”.
- Multiple chemicals or chemical procedures are used.
- Activities are not part of or simulating a production process.
- Protective laboratory practices and equipment are available and in common use.
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At a minimum, this definition includes employees who use chemicals in teaching and research
laboratories at the FMOLU Campus and School of Nursing. The information presented in the CHP
represents best practices and provides a broad overview of the information necessary for the safe
operation of laboratories that utilize hazardous chemicals. It is not intended to be all inclusive.
Laboratories, technical areas, or other work units engaged in activities with hazardous chemicals
possessing unusual characteristics, or are otherwise not sufficiently covered in the written CHP
and supporting materials, must augment the CHP with a laboratory‐specific Laboratory Safety
Plan (LSP) addressing the hazards and how to mitigate their associated risks, as appropriate.
Contact the Department of Health & Safety for assistance with determining the need for a LSP and
assistance with development of these materials.
C. Regulatory Requirements
This document describes the Chemical Hygiene Plan for Franciscan Missionaries of Our Lady
University (FMOLU), formerly Our Lady of the Lake College, of Baton Rouge, Louisiana as
required by OSHAʹs Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories Standard.
29CFR1910.1450.
In order to comply with the Standard, FMOLU has established a plan to ensure that our
workplace is capable of protecting employees from Health Hazards associated with Hazardous
Chemicals in the laboratory, and capable of keeping exposures below the Permissible Exposure
Limits (PEL) specified in 29CFR1910 Subpart Z.
Other applicable regulations include those promulgated by the U.S. Department of Labor
including 29 CFR 1910.1450 Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories (the
ʺLaboratory Standardʺ). These regulations require that the CHP be readily available wherever
potentially hazardous chemicals are used, handled or stored. Also applicable is the General Duty
Clause of the Occupational Safety and Health Act which states:
Each employer:
- Shall furnish to each of his employees employment and a place which are free
from recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious
physical harm to his employee.
- Shall comply with occupational safety and health standards promulgated under
this Act.
Each employee shall comply with occupational safety and health standards and all rules,
regulations, and orders issued pursuant to this Act which are applicable to his own actions
and conduct.”
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D. Rights and Responsibilities
Employees and other personnel who work in University facilities have the right to be informed
about the potential health hazards of the chemicals in their work areas and to be properly trained
to work safely with these substances. This includes custodial staff and other personnel who work
to clean and maintain laboratories. All employees and other personnel working with hazardous
chemicals have the responsibility to conscientiously participate in training classes on general
laboratory safety and read and be familiar with the contents of the CHP. Those working with
chemicals are responsible for staying informed about the chemicals in their work areas, safe work
practices (including available engineering controls), and proper PPE required for the safe
completion of their work activities. Failure to comply with these requirements will result in
progressive disciplinary action in accordance with University policy, and may result in temporary
suspension of work activities until corrective action is implemented.
1. Responsibilities of Laboratory Faculty and Academic Staff
Members
Faculty and academic staff members in charge of laboratory courses and/or any research projects
that are both affiliated and not affiliated with FMOLU are immediately responsible for chemical
safety. The faculty and/or academic staff member should evaluate all risks associated with each
experiment, and avoid conducting experiments that cannot be executed without excessive risk to
personnel or property. Faculty and academic staff members should also ensure that every person
working under their supervision is aware of the chemical hazards and OSHA regulations that
are applicable to their laboratory. Each program director or laboratory coordinator should post a
set of general laboratory safety rules in a convenient location for students and employees to
reference during laboratory work. Faculty and academic staff members in charge of research
projects should post additional safety rules as necessary. Faculty and academic staff members
are charged with the responsibility of enforcing regulations on solvent storage, chemical waste
disposal, personal protective equipment (PPE), and reporting problems in any of these areas to
the university’s appointed CHO.
Whenever it is not feasible to monitor an experiment that is in progress for an extended period of
time, the faculty or academic staff member in charge of the experiment shall attach the following
indicator to each laboratory door which gives:
- The name of the student and employee in charge of the experiment
- Who should be contacted in case of emergency
- The phone number(s) of the person to be contacted
- Special precautions (if any)
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The following notification cards shall be available in the instructor’s desk of each
laboratory for easy access.
Program directors are responsible for ensuring that all refrigerator/freezer checks, emergency
equipment checks, and weekly/quarterly internal audits are performed and documented in the
manner which is specified by the current CHO. These records must be sent to the CHO via email
within one week of the completion of each semester. Program directors may delegate this
responsibility to laboratory coordinators or laboratory faculty members as appropriate. Only
licensed personnel may conduct safety checks in laboratories that require clinical licensure by a
state or medical board.
2. Responsibilities of Students, Student Workers, Researchers, &
Visitors
Persons engaged in the use of chemicals and apparatus are responsible for protecting themselves
and their neighbors. The individual student, student worker, researcher, or visitor must take the
initiative in protecting himself or herself from hazards which have been explained to them. Their
next responsibility is to their peers.
UNATTENDED EXPERIMENT IN PROGRESS
Faculty/Staff Member: ___________________________________________
Student (if applicable): ___________________________________________
Emergency Phone Number: _______________________________________
Special Hazards:
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
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3. Responsibilities of the University
The university shall coordinate with Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center
(OLOLRMC) to provide the following services for employees, students, and visitors regarding
chemical hazards:
- Appropriating disposal of chemical waste
- Appropriating testing, maintenance, and distribution of laboratory fire extinguishers
- Testing, certification, and maintenance of building fire alarm equipment
- Providing the means for safety committee meetings and training on chemical hazards
associated with laboratory work
4. Responsibilities of the Chemical Hygiene Officer
The university’s designated CHO shall be responsible for the following:
- Attending safety committee meetings
- Updating and maintaining the university’s CHP
- Maintaining the appropriate safety records as they pertain to the CHP
- Reviewing safety reports with the Director of Health & Safety
- Assist program directors and laboratory coordinators with resolving chemical‐related
safety issues as requested
5. Responsibilities of Laboratory Coordinators
The Laboratory Coordinators are indicated in the Campus Laboratory Safety Manual. Their
responsibilities include the following:
- Conduct weekly and quarterly internal audits
- Prepare safety reports for assigned laboratory
- Submit all safety reports to the Chemical Hygiene Officer
- Report all safety concerns to the Chemical Hygiene Officer
- Monitor refrigerators, emergency showers/eyewash stations, and fire equipment
- Train all of his/her program’s students and student workers on laboratory safety
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II. Chemical Hazard Identification
A. Safety Data Sheets
An SDS must be available for each hazardous substance in a laboratory’s or facility’s chemical
inventory. Laboratory Supervisors and/or coordinators are responsible for keeping SDSs current
and making them available to all employees throughout the work day. HARD COPIES of the
SDSs must be in a central location that can be accessed immediately in the event of an emergency.
Electronic copies may also be used, but must be accessible to all laboratory personnel.
B. Labels and Other Forms of Warning
Labeling requirements for all hazardous substances are summarized as follows:
- All manufacturer containers of hazardous materials must be labeled with the identity of
the hazardous substance.
- The label must contain all applicable hazard warning statements.
- The name and address of the chemical manufacturer or other responsible party must be
present.
- Manufacturer’s product labels must remain on all containers, and must not be defaced in
any manner. Appropriate hazard warning statements must be present. If not, that
information must be added.
- Labels must be legible, in English, and prominently displayed.
- Symbols or other languages are required for non‐English speaking employees.
- Secondary containers (i.e., containers used for storing commercial chemicals that are not
the original manufacturer packaging, such as spray bottles) must be labeled with the
identity of the substance and appropriate hazard warnings.
- Laboratory‐prepared solutions of hazardous chemicals and analytical samples containing
hazardous chemicals should be labeled with the identity of the chemical(s), an appropriate
hazard warning(s), and the identity of the responsible party whenever possible and
practical.
- New synthesized compounds must be labeled with the appropriate hazard warnings based
on the knowledge of the chemical and physical properties of that substance. If a lab‐specific
system of identifying synthesized compounds is developed, the system must be
documented in the lab’s LSP or a SOP.
- If a system of abbreviations is used within the laboratory for labeling, the abbreviations
and their meanings must be posted in a conspicuous place and available to all personnel,
including emergency response personnel.
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C. Employee Information and Training
Employee training on specific workplace hazards must be provided at the time of initial
assignment, whenever a new hazard is introduced into the workplace, and whenever employees
may be exposed to hazards in other work areas. All training must be in the appropriate language,
educational level, and vocabulary for laboratory personnel. Employees must be given the
opportunity to ask questions.
D. Novel Chemicals
Unique chemical hazard identification situations exist when novel materials are prepared in
research. For new materials synthesized in the laboratory, the following campus requirements will
be implemented:
- When the chemical composition is known and the material is produced only for use in the
laboratory of origin the Laboratory Supervisor will provide and document training on the
hazards as described in this CHP.
- New chemical substances synthesized or produced in a laboratory, and used or shared
outside of the laboratory of origin may require the preparation of a SDS.
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III. Classes of Hazardous Chemicals Chemicals can be grouped into several different hazard classes. The hazard class will determine
how similar materials should be stored and handled and what special equipment and
procedures are needed to use them safely. Each chemical container, whether supplied by a
vendor or produced in the laboratory, must include labels that clearly identify the hazards
associated with that chemical. More detailed hazard information for specific chemicals can be
found by referencing the SDS for that chemical.
Health Hazard
Flame Exclamation Mark
• Carcinogen
• Mutagenicity
• Reproductive
Toxicity
• Respiratory Sensitizer
• Target Organ Toxicity
• Aspiration Toxicity
• Flammables
• Pyrophorics
• Self‐Heating
• Emits Flammable Gas
• Self‐Reactives
• Organic Peroxides
• Irritant (skin and eye)
• Skin Sensitizer
• Acute Toxicity (harmful)
• Narcotic Effects
• Respiratory Tract Irritant
• Hazardous to Ozone Layer
(Non Mandatory)
Gas Cylinder
Corrosion Exploding Bomb
• Gases under Pressure • Skin Corrosion/ burns
• Eye Damage
• Corrosive to Metals
• Explosives
• Self‐Reactives
• Organic Peroxides
Flame over Circle
Environment
(Non Mandatory)
Skull and Crossbones
• Oxidizers • Aquatic Toxicity • Acute Toxicity (fatal or
toxic)
Page 25 of 119
A. Flammability and Combustibility Hazards
A number of highly flammable substances are in frequent use in campus laboratories. Flammable
liquids include those chemicals that have a flashpoint of less than 100 degrees Fahrenheit (°F), and
combustible liquids have a flashpoint between 100‐200 °F. These materials must be stored in
flammable storage cabinets if aggregate quantities of 10 gallons/room or more are stored in the
lab.
Flame‐resistant laboratory coats must be worn when working with large volumes of flammable
materials (>1L) and/or with procedures where a significant fire risk is present (e.g., when working
with open flame, pyrophorics, etc.) as described in Protective Clothing and Equipment. These
materials pose a significant risk and should be treated with care, even though use of these
materials is fairly common in the laboratory setting. Particular attention should be given to
preventing static electricity and sparks when handling flammable liquids.
It is the vapors from flammable liquids that burn, rather than the liquids themselves. For a fire to
occur, there must be: 1) vapor concentration between the lower and upper flammability limits; 2)
source of oxygen (often air); and 3) an ignition source. Careful handling of chemicals and use of
chemical fume hoods are typically sufficient to prevent high vapor concentrations. Do not use
open flames where flammable vapors may be present. Ensure that containers are properly
bonded and grounded before transferring flammable liquids between metal containers or
equipment.
Pyrophoric chemicals are a special class of materials that spontaneously ignite when in contact
with air and require laboratory‐specific training. Flame‐resistant (FR) laboratory coats and hand
protection must be worn when handling pyrophoric chemicals. Individuals working with
pyrophoric materials must know the appropriate method(s) to quench the chemicals being used.
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B. Reactivity and Stability Hazards
Reactive and unstable substances are materials which may violently decompose, rapidly
condense, vigorously polymerize, or become self‐reactive under conditions of shock, friction,
temperature, pressure, light, or contact with other materials, with the release of large volumes of
gas or heat. Some examples of such chemicals include explosives, peroxides, azo compounds, and
azido compounds. These substances pose an immediate hazard and procedures for their use and
storage must be carefully reviewed and followed. Such materials must also be stored in a manner
to protect from light, heat, shock, friction, static discharge, contact with a catalyst, or other
conditions to which they are sensitive. Some materials, such as peroxide formers, may not be
explosive, but may form explosive substances over time or upon concentration.
C. Oxidizers
Oxidizers present a fire and explosion hazard when they come in contact with flammable,
combustible materials, or other fuels. They can: 1) speed the development of a fire and increase
intensity, 2) cause substances which are normally stable in air to rapidly burn, and 3) lead to
spontaneous combustion of materials without an obvious ignition source. Oxidizers are classified
on a scale of 1‐4 by the NFPA based on their potential to initiate spontaneous combustion, with 1
being the lower hazard and 4 being a greater hazard. In addition to the flammability hazards
posed by oxidizers, they can also be corrosive or toxic.
D. Health Hazards
OSHA uses the following definition for health hazard:
“A chemical that is classified as posing one of the following hazardous effects: Acute toxicity
(any route of exposure); skin corrosion or irritation; serious eye damage or eye irritation;
respiratory or skin sensitization; germ cell mutagenicity; carcinogenicity; reproductive
toxicity, specific target organ toxicity (single or repeated exposure); aspiration hazard.”
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1. Corrosive Substances
As a health hazard, corrosive substances cause destruction of, or alterations in, living tissue by
chemical action at the site of contact. Major classes of corrosive substances include:
- Strong acids – e.g., sulfuric, nitric, hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids.
- Strong bases – e.g., sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and ammonium hydroxide.
- Dehydrating agents – e.g., sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, phosphorus pentoxide and
calcium oxide.
- Oxidizing agents – e.g., hydrogen peroxide, chlorine, bromine, perchloric acid, and nitric
acid.
Symptoms of exposure for inhalation include a burning sensation, coughing, wheezing,
laryngitis, shortness of breath, nausea, and vomiting. For eyes, symptoms include pain, blood
shot eyes, tearing, and blurring of vision. For skin, symptoms may include reddening, pain,
inflammation, bleeding, blistering and burns. As a physical hazard, corrosive substances may
corrode materials they come in contact with and may be highly reactive with other substances. It
is important to review information: 1) regarding the materials they may corrode, 2) on their
reactivity with other substances, and 3) on health effects. In most cases, these materials should be
segregated from other chemicals and require secondary containment during storage.
2. Irritants
Irritants are non‐corrosive chemicals that cause reversible inflammatory effects on living tissue
by chemical action at the site of contact. A wide variety of organic and inorganic compounds,
including many chemicals that are in a powder or crystalline form, are irritants. Consequently,
eye and skin contact with all laboratory chemicals should always be avoided. Smoke is a common
example of an irritant which can irritate the nasal passages and respiratory system. Symptoms of
exposure can include reddening or discomfort of the skin and irritation to respiratory systems.
3. Sensitizers
A sensitizer (allergen) is a substance that causes exposed people to develop an allergic reaction
in normal tissue after repeated exposure to the substance. Examples of sensitizers include
diazomethane, chromium, nickel, formaldehyde, isocyanates, arylhydrazines, benzylic and
allylic halides, many phenol derivatives, and latex proteins. Sensitizer exposure can lead to all of
the symptoms associated with allergic reactions, or can exacerbate an individual’s existing
allergies.
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4. Hazardous Substances with Specific Target Organ Toxicity
(STOT)
Personnel working with the following materials should review the SDS for the specific chemical
being used, and take special note of the symptoms of exposure:
- Hepatotoxins –substances that produce liver damage, such as nitrosamines and carbon
tetrachloride.
- Nephrotoxins –agents causing damage to the kidneys, such as certain halogenated
hydrocarbons.
- Neurotoxins – substances which produce their primary toxic effects on the nervous
system, such as mercury, acrylamide and carbon disulfide.
- Agents which act on the hematopoietic system – e.g., carbon monoxide and cyanides
which decrease hemoglobin function and deprive the body tissues of oxygen.
- Agents which damage lung tissue – e.g., asbestos and silica.
5. Particularly Hazardous Substances
Substances that pose such significant threats to human health are classified as ʺparticularly
hazardous substancesʺ (PHS). The OSHA “Laboratory Standard” requires that special provisions
be documented in laboratory SOPs to prevent the exposure of laboratory personnel to PHSs,
including:
- Establishment of designated areas
- Use of containment devices (e.g., fume hoods, glove boxes)
- Procedures for contaminated waste disposal
- Decontamination procedures
Particularly hazardous substances are divided into three primary types:
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a. Acute Toxins
Substances that have a high degree of acute toxicity are interpreted by OSHA as being
substances that ʺmay be fatal or cause damage to target organs as the result of a single
exposure or exposures of short duration.” These chemicals, their associated chemical
waste, and storage containers must be handled with care to prevent cross contamination
of work areas and unexpected contact. These chemicals must be labeled as “Toxic.” Empty
containers of these substances must be packaged and disposed of as hazardous waste
without rinsing trace amounts into the sanitary sewer system. Many of these compounds
can also be classified as corrosives, irritants, sensitizers, Select Agent Toxins, or Specific
Target Organ Toxins.
b. Reproductive Toxins
Reproductive toxins include any chemical that may affect the reproductive capabilities,
including causing chromosomal damage (mutagenesis), effects on fetuses (teratogenesis),
and adverse effects on sexual function and fertility. Reproductive toxins can affect the
reproductive health of both men and women if proper procedures and controls are not
used. For women, exposure to reproductive toxins during pregnancy can cause adverse
effects on the fetus; these effects include embryo lethality (death of the fertilized egg,
embryo or fetus), malformations (teratogenic effects), and postnatal functional defects. For
men, exposure can lead to sterility.
Examples of embryo toxins include thalidomide and certain antibiotics such as
tetracycline. Women of childbearing potential should note that embryo toxins have the
greatest impact during the first trimester of pregnancy. Because a woman often does not
know that she is pregnant during this period of high susceptibility, special caution is
advised when working with all chemicals, especially those rapidly absorbed through the
skin (e.g., formamide). Pregnant women and women intending to become pregnant
should consult with their personal physician, supervisor, and Dept. of Health & Safety
before working with substances that are suspected to be reproductive toxins.
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c. Carcinogens
Carcinogens are chemical or physical agents capable of causing cancer or tumor
development. Generally, they are chronically toxic substances; that is, they cause damage
after repeated or long‐duration exposure, and their effects may only become evident after
a long latency period. Chronic toxins are particularly insidious because they may have no
immediately apparent harmful effects.
The following control procedures and handling techniques shall be used when handling
carcinogens, reproductive toxins, chemicals with a high degree of acute toxicity, and chemicals
of unknown toxicity in greater than negligible quantities:
- Conduct the procedure in the area designated by the instructor.
- Wear appropriate PPE.
- Use caution when dispensing and weighing salts to avoid the creation of a powder
aerosol of the salt.
- Use the smallest amount of the chemical consistent with the procedure to be performed.
- Clean and decontaminate the work area immediately upon completion of the procedure.
6. Nanomaterials
The increasing use of nanomaterials in research laboratories warrants consideration of the
hazards they may pose. As is the case with many new technologies, the health effects of
nanomaterials have not been thoroughly investigated. Consequently, the uncertainty
surrounding the toxicity of nanomaterials merits a cautious approach when working with them.
Nanomaterials include any materials or particles that have an external dimension in the nanoscale
(~1 – 100 nanometers, 10‐9 meter). Nanomaterials occur naturally in the environment, are products
of incomplete combustion, and are produced via chemical synthesis. Synthesized nanomaterials
are referred to as Engineered Nanomaterials (ENMs). Materials whose properties do not differ
significantly between their nanoscale and larger forms are generally excluded from ENMs. Some
examples of ENMs include fullerenes (carbon buckyballs C60), carbon nanotubes, carbon
nanofibers, quantum dots, and metal oxide nanoparticles.
Nanomaterials can be categorized by the risk of potential exposure they pose to personnel based
on the physical state of the materials and the conditions in which they are used. In general, the
risk of exposure is lowest when nanomaterials are bound in a solid matrix with little potential to
create airborne dust or when in a non‐volatile liquid suspension. The risk of exposure increases
when nanomaterials are used as fine powders or are suspended in volatile solvents or gases. The
parent compound of the nanomaterial should also be taken into consideration when evaluating
the potential hazards associated with exposure (e.g., a highly toxic compound such as cadmium
should be anticipated to be at least as toxic and possibly more toxic when used as a nanomaterial).
Laboratory personnel using or preparing nanomaterials must utilize a combination of
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engineering controls, SOPs, and personal protective equipment to minimize potential exposure
to their self and others.
7. Compressed Gases & Cryogenic Liquids
Compressed gases and cryogenic liquids present pressure and asphyxiation hazards in the
workplace. Both compressed gases and cryogenic liquids may also present additional health
hazard and/or flammability concerns. Given these hazards, special handling and storage
requirements must be followed to mitigate the associated risks.
8. Pesticides
Pesticides are chemicals used to control unwanted species including, but not limited to,
insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, rodenticides, nematicides, plant growth regulators,
fumigants, and desiccants. In many instances these chemicals present known or suspected human
health hazards, and shall be managed accordingly. While pesticides may be involved in research
activities, it is how these materials are being applied that determines regulatory obligations.
If the chemical is being used as directed by the manufacturer, its use must include one of the
following:
- Person applying the chemical (Applicator) is in possession of a Qualified Applicator
Certificate (QAC) or Qualified Applicator License (QAL).
- Applicator is under the direct supervision of an individual with a QAC or QAL.
- Applicator with a QAC or QAL has been contracted to apply the chemical in question.
When the use of pesticide differs from the manufacturers’ directions then this use of material
would be considered research use. Some examples of research use of pesticides may include, but
are not limited to, the following:
- Applying different concentrations of the chemical for efficacy assessment.
- Applying multiple chemicals at the same time to examine synergistic effects, toxicity
effects, degradation timelines, etc.
- Applying novel chemicals to examine pesticide efficacy.
Application of pesticides within enclosed spaces that are located within other enclosed spaces
(e.g., growth chambers, growth rooms, etc.) may present challenges with respect to ventilation
control and pesticide exposures.
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IV. How to Reduce Exposures to Hazardous
Chemicals
A. Introduction
Hazardous chemicals require a carefully considered, multi‐tiered approach to effectively manage
their associated risks. There are four primary routes of exposure for chemicals which have
associated health hazards (illustrated in Figure IV‐I):
- Inhalation
- Absorption (through the skin or eyes)
- Ingestion
- Injection (skin being punctured by a contaminated sharp object or uptake through an
existing open wound)
Of these, the most likely route of exposure in the laboratory is via inhalation. Many hazardous
chemicals may affect people through more than one of these exposure routes, so it is critical that
protective measures are in place for each of these uptake mechanisms.
The methodology for controlling exposures to hazardous chemicals typically proceeds through
the following hierarchy:
- Elimination
- Substitution
- Engineering Controls
- Administrative Controls
- Personal Protective Equipment
B. Safety Controls
Beyond Elimination and Substitution control approaches, Safety Controls are grouped into three
main classifications:
- Engineering Controls
- Administrative Controls
- Protective Apparel and Equipment
Elements of these three classes are typically applied in a layered approach to mitigate the risks
associated with hazardous chemicals. The principles of each safety control group are described
in the following materials.
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1. Engineering Controls
The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) states that:
“Engineering Controls are used to remove a hazard or place a barrier between the worker and
the hazard. Well‐designed engineering controls can be highly effective in protecting workers
and will typically be independent of worker interactions to provide this high level of
protection.”
Engineering controls can be very effective and are the preferred method for reducing exposures.
Examples of engineering controls include, but are not limited to, general room ventilation,
chemical fume hoods, glove boxes, “elephant trunks” (or “snorkels”), flammable material storage
equipment, ventilated balance enclosures, and downdraft tables. Note that elements of
“Isolation” and “Segregation” accompany use of various engineering controls.
a. General Laboratory Ventilation
Laboratory spaces shall have mechanically generated and conditioned supply and exhaust air.
All laboratories shall exhaust 100% to the outside. Air intakes for laboratory ventilation systems
shall supply outside fresh air. General laboratory room ventilation should meet a minimum of 6
air change per hour (0.1 cfm of mechanical exhaust per cubic foot of laboratory gross room
volume) whenever the laboratory is occupied. Laboratories should be kept at negative pressure
to adjoining low‐hazard non‐laboratory space to prevent the spread of hazardous chemicals. In
cases where 100% exhaust and/or negative pressure are not desirable, a formal evaluation must
be made by Dept. of Health & Safety to determine what work can be done in the space and under
what special conditions or limitations.
b. Fume Hoods
Chemical fume hoods are an effective way to control exposure to hazardous chemicals. Fume
hoods are the most commonly used local exhaust system on campus. Other methods include
vented enclosures for large pieces of equipment or chemical storage, and portable exhaust
systems for capturing contaminants near
the point of release. Some systems are equipped with air cleaning devices (HEPA filters or carbon
absorbers). The exhausts from fume hoods are designed to terminate at least ten feet above the
roof deck or two feet above the top of any parapet wall, whichever is higher. Figure IV‐II displays
the key components of a fume hood. It is important to note that the correct type of fume hood to
be used is dependent upon the materials involved in the activities. A helpful fume hood overview
video is available from Dow Chemical.
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Chemical fume hoods should be used for the safe handling of noxious, corrosive, or volatile
chemicals whenever possible. In addition, a laboratory hood or other suitable containment
device must be used for all work with PHS. Note, that a fume hood should not be used as a
substitute for a biosafety cabinet or a laminar flow hood. Fume hoods are evaluated and certified
at least once per year. These evaluations verify the proper fume hood air flow velocity to ensure
that the unit will operate as designed.
Each chemical fume hood should have a current calibration sticker and a marker indicating the
highest sash height to be used when working with hazardous materials. Air flow for fume hood
ventilation is measured at nine points. The average of the nine readings must be at least 100 feet
per minute (fpm) with a minimum of 70 fpm for any measurement. The average face velocity
should not exceed 120 fpm. All chemical fume hoods must have an audible and visual alarm to
show proper operation.
The use of perchloric or hydrofluoric acids in chemical fume hoods necessitates additional
considerations. Perchloric acid when heated above ambient temperature can form potentially
explosive perchlorate salts in a fume hood and its associated duct system and hood fan. Perchloric
acid can also form explosive mixtures with organic compounds. Hydrofluoric acid can dissolve
glass, and is very corrosive to many metals. For these reasons, the use of perchloric and
hydrofluoric acids in fume hoods must be carefully evaluated prior to use, contact Dept. of Health
& Safety to schedule an evaluation.
The following general rules should be followed when using laboratory fume hoods:
- Fume hoods should not be used for work involving hazardous substances unless they
have a certification label that confirms certification has occurred within the past year.
- Before beginning work in a fume hood check the fume hood flow indicator to verify
proper air flow and make sure the audio alarm has not been disabled.
- Always keep hazardous chemicals more than six inches behind the plane of the sash.
- Never put your head inside an operating laboratory hood. The plane of the sash is the
barrier between contaminated and uncontaminated air. Keep the sash clean so your
vision is unobstructed.
- Work with the hood sash in the designated operating height range. The maximum
operating sash height for vertical sash hoods should be clearly marked. Contact FM
there is no sash height indicated on your fume hood. The sash also acts as a physical
barrier in the event of an accident.
- Do not clutter your hood with unnecessary bottles or equipment. Keep it clean and clear.
Only materials actively in use should be in the hood. Clutter inside the hood may
disrupt air flow and thus reduce capture efficiency.
- Do not make any modifications to hoods, duct work, or the exhaust system without first
contacting Dept. of Health & Safety.
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- Do not use large equipment in laboratory hoods unless the hood is dedicated for this
purpose, as large obstructions can change the airflow patterns and render the hood
unsafe.
- Avoid sudden movements while working in the fume hoods. Such movements can create
turbulence which may disrupt air currents and pull vapors out of the fume hood.
- For energy efficiency, make sure to shut your sash when the hood is not in use.
Chemical fume hoods must be inspected upon installation, renovation, when a deficiency is
reported, or a change has been made to the operating characteristics of the hood. Whenever
possible volatile/semi‐volatile chemicals and PHSs should be handled under ventilation
engineering controls (e.g., fume hoods).
c. Glove Boxes and Ventilated Containment Devices
In addition to chemical fume hoods, some laboratories use contained glove boxes (dry boxes) or
other ventilated containment units for working with reactive chemicals under an inert
atmosphere, working with very toxic substances in a completely closed system, or for creating a
stable, draft‐free, system for weighing hazardous or reactive materials. These units can be very
effective because they offer complete containment. Personnel must be trained in the proper use
of this equipment, and the training must be documented.
d. Other Engineering Controls
In addition to the elements listed above, consideration must be given to providing sufficient
engineering controls for the storage and handling of hazardous materials. No more than 10
gallons of flammable chemicals may be stored outside of an approved flammable storage cabinet.
For refrigerator or freezer reduced‐temperature storage, flammable and explosive materials must
be kept in units specifically designed and rated for storing these respective materials. It is
common for laboratories to use a “lab‐safe” refrigerator approved for the safe storage of
flammable chemicals. These units should be visibly labeled with a rating from Underwriters
Laboratory or other certifying organization. Lab‐safe refrigerators do not contain internal
electrical components that could spark and trigger an ignition, and the cooling elements are
external to the unit. While lab‐safe refrigerators can safely store chemicals which may emit
flammable vapors, these refrigerators should not be used in locations that contain explosive
vapors. If you need a refrigerator or freezer for chemical storage in a location with explosive
vapors, contact the Dept. of Health & Safety for assistance with an explosion‐proof refrigerator.
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i. Biological Safety Cabinets
Biological Safety Cabinets (BSCs or biosafety cabinets) are primary containment devices used in
laboratories for working safely with biological hazardous agents. There are three types of
cabinets: Classes I, II, and III, each with different performance characteristics and applications.
The most commonly used BSCs at FMOLU are Class II BSCs.
Class II BSCs provide protection for the user, biological agents used, and the environment. Class
II BSCs use High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filters to control airborne particles and may
be ventilated into the room or ducted out of the building.
Class II BSCs must be tested and certified by Dept. of Health & Safety when first installed. On an
annual basis, and whenever they are moved, the campus ‐contracted testing firm tests and
certifies BSCs. Purchase and placement of BSCs within the laboratory must be approved by Dept.
of Health & Safety.
Recommended practices when using a biological safety cabinet include the following:
- Whenever possible, place all materials needed for a procedure inside the cabinet before
starting. Avoid bringing non‐essential equipment and supplies into the cabinet.
- Place supplies, equipment and absorbent towels so that air intake or exhaust grilles are
not obstructed.
- Keep opening and closing of lab doors and other personnel activity to a minimum.
- If a burner is deemed to be indispensable, use one that has a pilot flame.
- Attach a HEPA filter cartridge between the vacuum trap and the source valve.
- Work at least 4‐6 inches inside the cabinet window.
- Carry out work on an absorbent pad to contain small spills. Clean up spills as soon as
they occur. Remove and disinfect the grille if contaminated.
- Designate separate areas within the cabinet for contaminated and clean materials. Place
contaminated material at the rear of the work area.
ii. Laminar Flow Benches
Laminar flow benches (“clean benches”) provide a high quality, clean work surface and
environment for manipulation of materials. There are three types of laminar flow benches:
a. Forward flow (towards the operator): The operator sits directly downstream from the
clean bench airflow. This type of clean bench must never be used for handling toxic,
infectious or sensitizing materials. Only handling of non‐hazardous materials is allowed
in this type of laminar flow bench. While it is understood that ethanol solutions are
typically used with such equipment, note that this puts the operator at an increased risk
of injury should a fire ignite where the flames may be blown towards the operator.
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b. Vertical flow (top to bottom): These benches are designed to protect samples and
processes from contamination where operator protection is not required. Only handling
of non‐hazardous materials is allowed in this work setting.
c. Reverse flow (away from operator): The operator sits upstream of the clean bench
airflow ‐ the airstream blows away from the operator. These benched provide effective
laboratory protection for a variety of low to moderate hazard materials ‐ aqueous
liquids, small quantities of volatile materials, etc.
iii. Autoclaves
Do not autoclave materials containing corrosives, solvents, volatiles, or radioactive
materials.
Observe the following precautions when using an Autoclave:
- If the steam must be generated by heating water, see that there is plenty of water in
the boiler before turning on the heat.
- When placing articles to be sterilized in the chamber, leave room so that the steam
can pass around and about each object. Do not pack articles too close together and
do not jam the autoclave full.
- Allow the steam to enter the jacket until the gauge shows a pressure of about 15
pounds, Keep the valve controlling the exhaust from the inner chamber open, so
that the air in the chamber may escape Now allow the steam to enter the inner
chamber by manipulating the proper valve, meanwhile leave the exhaust valve
open.
- Allow the steam to run in for several minutes with the exhaust open, until nothing
but dry steam comes out of the exhaust. This is necessary because all the air in the
chamber must be driven out and entirely replaced by steam.
- Note the time when the steam in the chamber reaches the pressure of 15 pounds and
maintain this pressure continuously for the next 20 to 30 minutes.
- At the end of this period turn off the gas under the boiler, or shut off the steam
supply and allow the autoclave to cool down. When only linens, dressing or similar
materials are being sterilized, the exhaust valve may be opened to allow the steam
to escape quickly; but if any liquids are present in tubes or flasks, the exhaust valve
must not be opened at all until the pressure has returned to 0, for otherwise the
liquids will boil violently and cotton plugs will be blown out.
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2. Administrative Controls
Administrative controls consist of policies and procedures to reduce or prevent exposures to
laboratory hazards. These controls are generally not as reliable as engineering controls in that the
user has to carefully follow the appropriate procedures and must be fully trained and aware in
order to do so. Note that elements of “Isolation” and “Segregation” may be contained in an
administrative control. In addition to the identified committees and programs with their
respective emphasis, the campus Chemical Hygiene Officer is available to work with
investigators prior to beginning laboratory operations that involve any of the following:
- Working with potentially explosive chemicals, extremely reactive chemicals, acutely
toxic chemicals, or large quantities of material that could potentially be released to the
environment.
- When it is likely that an OSHA Action Level or Permissible Exposure Limit (see Chapter V)
could be exceeded.
The Laboratory Supervisor is strongly encouraged to establish rules for the following activities
and chemical usage in laboratory operations that involve an increased level of risk:
- Working alone in the laboratory. A laboratory‐specific SOP that defines laboratory
activities that may not be undertaken while alone in the laboratory is strongly
recommended, and a template has been prepared.
- Unattended laboratory operations.
- Modifying a procedure in such a manner that the overall hazard is increased
substantially. One such example is the scale‐up of a reaction. The capability of the
existing protective mechanisms to accommodate the changes in the thermodynamics of
the chemical system must be considered.
3. Protective Apparel and Equipment
Personal protective equipment serves as a researcher’s last line of defense against chemical
exposures. The primary goal of PPE is to reduce the risk associated with handling hazardous
substances and performing hazardous activities. Additional more protective PPE may be needed
for certain activities and chemical hazards.
Basic PPE requirements include but are not limited to the following:
- Full length pants and closed‐toe/closed‐heel shoes, or equivalent.
- Protective gloves, laboratory coats, & eye protection when working with, or adjacent to,
hazardous chemicals.
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- Flame resistant laboratory coats for pyrophoric and high‐hazard flammable materials
use. Additionally, it is strongly recommended that safety eye protection be worn in the
laboratory at all times.
Personal protective equipment should be kept clean and stored in an area where it will not
become contaminated. PPE should be inspected prior to use to ensure it is in good condition. It
should fit properly and be worn properly. If it becomes contaminated or damaged, it should be
cleaned or repaired when possible, or replaced and properly discarded.
Typically, respiratory protection is not needed in a laboratory. Under most circumstances, safe
work practices, small scale usage, and engineering controls (fume hoods, biosafety cabinets, and
general ventilation) adequately protect laboratory workers from chemical, radiological, and
biological hazards.
Under certain circumstances respiratory protection may be needed, including:
- An accidental spill such as:
o a chemical spill outside the fume hood.
o a spill of biohazardous material outside a biosafety cabinet.
- Performance of an unusual operation that cannot be conducted under the fume hood or
biosafety cabinet.
- When weighing powdered chemicals or microbiological media outside a glove box or
other protective enclosure. Disposable filtering face‐piece respirators are generally
recommended for nuisance dusts. If the chemicals are toxic, contact the Dept. of Health
& Safety for additional evaluation.
- When exposure monitoring indicates that exposures exist that cannot be controlled by
engineering or administrative controls.
- As required by a specific laboratory protocol or as defined by applicable regulations.
4. Safe Laboratory Habits
As detailed above, a safety program must include policies and protective equipment to promote
a safe working environment, but to truly achieve effectiveness, a number of fundamental
elements must become an integral part of our safety culture.
According to the American Chemical Society (ACS):
“To build a strong safety culture, all faculty, staff, and students need the skills to recognize
hazards, to assess the level of risk of exposure to those hazards, to minimize the risk, and to be
prepared to respond to laboratory emergencies.”
Some of fundamental or operational elements of an effective safety program are detailed below.
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a. Personal Protective Equipment:
- Wear closed‐toe/closed‐heel shoes and full length pants, or equivalent, at all times
when in the laboratory. Open shoes, sandals, bare feet, bare shins, bare midriffs, and
bare shoulders are prohibited.
- Use appropriate PPE while in the laboratory and while performing procedures that
involve the use, movement, or disposal of hazardous chemicals or materials. Perform
hazard assessments to determine the necessary PPE.
- Wear appropriate eye protection in the laboratory. Use of contact lenses in the
laboratory is discouraged. If they are used, inform the Laboratory Supervisor and the
other laboratory personnel that they are being worn. Do not manipulate contact
lenses while in the laboratory.
- Long hair should be tied back or otherwise confined.
- Secure neckties or other articles of clothing or jewelry that might become entangled in
equipment.
- Remove laboratory coats or gloves immediately on significant contamination, as well
as before leaving the laboratory. Do not touch common surfaces (e.g., door handles,
elevator button, telephone, etc.) with a gloved hand.
b. Chemical Handling:
- Review the SDS to better understand the hazards of any new chemical to be handled,
- Properly label and store all chemicals.
- Deposit chemical waste in appropriately labeled receptacles and follow all other waste
disposal procedures specified in the Chemical Hygiene Plan and SOPs.
- Do not dispose of any hazardous chemicals through the sewer system.
- Do not smell or taste chemicals or use mouth suction for pipetting or siphoning.
c. Equipment Storage and Handling:
- Use the proper safety equipment for your activities, which may include a chemical
fume hood, glove box, biosafety cabinet, shields, or other equipment.
- Use certified fume hoods, glove boxes, or other ventilation devices for operations
which might result in release of toxic chemical vapors or dust. Preventing the escape
of these types of materials into the working atmosphere is one of the best ways to
prevent exposure.
- Store laboratory glassware with care to avoid damage.
- Inspect all glassware and equipment prior to use; do not use damaged items.
- Use extra care with Dewar flasks and other evacuated glass apparatus; shield or wrap
them to contain chemicals and fragments should implosion occur.
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- Handle broken glass and sharps with caution and appropriate hand protection;
properly dispose of these materials.
- Do not use uncertified fume hoods or glove boxes for hazardous chemical handling.
- Keep fume hood sash closed when you are not working in the fume hood.
- Avoid storing materials in fume hoods.
- Do not allow the vents or air flow to be blocked.
d. Laboratory Operations:
- Know the location of all exits for the laboratory and the building.
- Know the location and operation of safety showers, eyewashes, and first‐aid kits.
- Know where fire extinguishers and alarm boxes are located and how they operate.
- Know the location of the nearest phone that can be used in an emergency. Critical
phone numbers should be posted near the phone.
- Be prepared for laboratory accidents, chemical spills, and other emergency situations.
- Know the potential hazards of the materials, facilities, and equipment with which you
will work. If uncertain, ask your supervisor or Dept. of Health & Safety.
- Keep the work area clean and uncluttered.
- Perform only authorized experiments. Do not create shortcuts to procedures.
- If unattended operations are unavoidable, and have been approved by the Laboratory
Supervisor, place an appropriate sign on the door, leave lights on, and provide for
containment of toxic substances in the event of failure of a utility service (e.g., cooling
water). Highly exothermic, potentially explosive reactions, or sudden polymerization
reactions must never be left unattended.
- Be alert to unsafe conditions and ensure that the Laboratory Supervisor is notified of
such conditions and they are corrected promptly.
- Do not move or disturb equipment in use without consent of the user.
- Do not engage in distracting behavior such as practical jokes in the laboratory. This
type of conduct may confuse, startle, or distract another worker.
- If personal electronic devices (e.g., laptop, cellular phone, etc.) are used in the
laboratory, take precautions to prevent contamination with hazardous materials.
- Wash hands carefully before leaving the laboratory. Clean bench tops, work areas, and
equipment regularly.
- Prevent the accumulation of dirty glassware, unneeded samples/chemicals, etc.
- Keep aisles and areas around eyewashes and showers clear to allow for unobstructed
exit and easy access to safety equipment in emergency situations.
- Ensure all compressed gas cylinders are properly restrained.
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e. Fire Protection & Prevention:
- Minimize the quantities of flammable liquids kept in the laboratory
- Do not exceed the maximum container sizes specified by the National Fire Protection
Association (NFPA), as listed in the Appendix
- Except for the quantities needed for the work at hand, keep all flammable liquids in
NFPA or UL (Underwriterʹs Laboratories) approved flammable liquid storage
cabinets. Keep cabinet doors closed and latched at all times. Do not store other
materials in flammables cabinets
- Use and store flammable liquids and gases only in well‐ventilated areas. Use a fume
hood when working with products that release flammable vapors
- Keep flammable solvent containers, including those for collecting waste, well capped.
- Store flammable chemicals that require refrigeration in non‐sparking lab refrigerators
- Keep flammable chemicals away from ignition sources, such as heat, sparks, flames and
direct sunlight. Avoid welding or soldering in the vicinity of flammables
- Bond and ground large metal containers of flammable liquids in storage. To avoid the
build‐up of static charges, bond containers to each other when dispensing
- Use portable safety cans for storing, dispensing and transporting flammable liquids.
- Clean spills of flammable liquids promptly
- All Faculty, Instructors, Staff Members, and students should familiarize themselves
with the location of the fire extinguishers and fire alarm actuators in the areas that
they occupy
f. Food/Drink:
There is to be no eating, drinking, gum chewing, tobacco chewing, handling contact lenses, or
applying cosmetics (including lip balm) where biological hazards, radioactive materials, or
hazardous chemicals will be stored or used. Food must not be kept in refrigerators or cold rooms
used for hazardous chemicals or other hazardous materials. Refrigerators used for food and
beverage storage should not be located in the laboratory.
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V. Inventory, Labeling, Storage, and Transport
A. Chemical Inventories
Each Laboratory Supervisor is required to maintain a current comprehensive chemical inventory
which lists the hazardous chemicals and compressed gases used and stored in the labs and the
quantity of these chemicals. This inventory needs to be updated:
- At least annually.
- Whenever new chemicals are introduced into the laboratory.
- Whenever a chemical is completely removed from the laboratory.
Specific storage locations must be kept as part of the inventory list to ensure that chemicals are
easily located. The chemical inventor is used to aid compliance with storage limits, reporting
requirements, fire and life safety regulations, and may be used in emergency situations to identify
potential hazards to emergency response personnel. Additionally, an accurate chemical inventory
aids the operational and financial management of laboratory activities. Active chemical inventory
management can also deter chemical diversion, and quickly identify instances where diversion
may have occurred.
Management of the laboratory chemical inventory should include the following aspects:
- Chemical purchases target the minimum quantities necessary for the research, and never
exceed quantities that can be consumed within one year.
- When new chemicals are added to the laboratory, each laboratory group must update their
information to reflect the addition of the chemicals.
- Each chemical container is dated upon receipt so expired chemicals can be easily identified
for disposal.
- Chemicals beyond their expiration dates should be removed via proper disposal
- Chemical quantities are updated frequently, especially after large changes.
- Chemicals are returned to their designated storage area when not in use.
- Chemical storage locations are inspected regularly.
Access to hazardous chemicals, including toxic and corrosive substances, should be restricted at
all times. These materials must be stored in laboratories or storerooms that are kept locked when
laboratory personnel are not present. Locked storage cabinets or other precautions may be
required in the case of acutely toxic or hazardous chemicals, tax‐free alcohol, select toxins, and
controlled substances. Acutely toxic chemicals may include those associated with very low IDLH
conditions.
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B. Chemical Labeling
All chemicals found in the laboratory should be properly labeled. Hazardous chemicals, including
dilute solutions, must be labeled properly including the associated hazards. Commercial
chemicals come with a manufacturer’s label which contains the necessary information. Care
should be taken to not damage or remove these labels. Commercial chemical labels should be
augmented with the date of receipt and date of opening, to aid in determining if chemicals are
expired and require disposal. When novel chemicals are synthesized, their containers must be
labeled with the identification name, date, and hazard information; the generator or other party
responsible for this chemical should be noted on the container so they may be contacted if
questions arise about the contents.
Peroxide forming chemicals (e.g., ethers, alkenes, alkynes, etc.) must be labeled with: A) date of
receipt, and B) date of opening; a useful label for this purpose is contained in Safety Net #23. These
chemicals can degrade to form highly reactive compounds sensitive to shock, heat and friction,
and need to be stored and labeled very carefully. Chemicals which may form peroxides have
varying shelf lives.
PHSs have additional labeling requirements; consult the Dept. of Health & Safety for guidance.
The storage area for these materials must be labeled with the appropriate hazard information. It
is advised to store PHSs segregated from less hazardous chemicals to aid access restriction,
inventory control, and hazard identification.
C. Chemical Storage & Segregation
1. General Recommendations for Safe Storage of Chemicals
Acceptable chemical storage locations may include corrosive cabinets, flammable storage cabinets,
laboratory shelves/cabinets, and appropriate refrigerators or freezers. Fume hoods should not be
used as general storage areas for chemicals, as this may seriously impair the ventilating capacity
of the hood and its capture efficiency.
Chemicals should not be routinely stored on bench tops or stored on the floor. Additionally, bulk
quantities of chemicals (i.e., larger than 1 gallon) should be stored in a separate storage area, such
as a stockroom or supply room. Laboratory shelves used for chemical storage must have a raised
lip along the outer edge or a railing to prevent containers from falling. Hazardous chemicals
should not be stored above a height of 5 feet, and chemicals which are highly toxic or corrosive
should be stored in unbreakable secondary containers.
Chemicals must be stored at an appropriate temperature and humidity level and should never be
stored in direct sunlight or near heat sources, such as laboratory ovens. Be sure to consider
chemical compatibility before storing laboratory chemicals.
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There will always be some chemicals which will not fit neatly in one category or another, but with
careful consideration of the hazards involved, most of these cases can be handled in a reasonable
fashion. For instances where a chemical has multiple hazardous properties (e.g., corrosive and
oxidizer) the initial assignment would be the hazard of greatest risk. When this assignment results
in chemical incompatibility, the multiple‐hazard chemical will require additional segregation
within its assigned hazard class. All chemical containers and research samples must be
appropriately labeled and tightly capped to prevent vapor interactions and to alleviate nuisance
odors. Flasks with cork, rubber or glass stoppers should be avoided because of the potential for
leaking.
Laboratory refrigerators and freezers must be labeled appropriately with “No Food/Drink” and
must never be used for the storage of consumables. Freezers should be defrosted periodically so
chemicals do not become trapped in ice formations. Storage of peroxide formers (e.g., ether) in a
refrigerator is not recommended. Keep in mind that most chemicals have multiple hazards and a
decision must be made as to which storage area would be most appropriate for each specific
chemical.
First you have to determine your priorities; for example, a material that is an extreme poison but
is also flammable, should be locked away in the flammable storage cabinet to protect it against
accidental release:
- Flammability. When establishing a storage scheme, the number one consideration
should be the flammability characteristics of the material. If the material is flammable,
it should be stored in a flammable cabinet or refrigerator/freezer rated for the storage
of flammable liquids.
- Isolate. If the material will contribute significantly to a fire (e.g., oxidizers), it should be
isolated from the flammables. Water‐reactive material must be sufficiently segregated
from flammable and combustible materials.
- Corrosivity. Isolate acids from bases, and further segregate by organic vs. inorganic
origin. Segregate oxidizing inorganic acids from flammable and combustible materials.
- Special Hazard. Be sure to consider chemicals requiring special handling and storage
(e.g., air/water reactive, peroxide forming chemicals, reduced temperature storage,
inert atmosphere storage, etc.).
- Toxicity. Finally, consider the toxicity of the material, with particular attention paid to
regulated materials. In some cases, this may mean certain chemicals will be isolated
within a storage area.
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2. Flammable and Combustible Liquids
Large quantities of flammable or combustible materials should not be stored in the laboratory. No
more than 10 gallons of flammable or combustible liquids, including flammable/combustible
hazardous waste, are allowed to be kept outside a flammable storage cabinet, safety can, or
approved refrigerator/freezer. The maximum total quantity of Class 1A flammable liquids must
not exceed 60 gallons within a flammable storage cabinet. Total volume of flammable and
combustible liquids must not exceed 120 gallons per cabinet.
Flammable materials must never be stored in domestic‐type refrigerators/freezers and should not
be stored in a refrigerator/freezer if the chemical has a flash point below the temperature of the
equipment. Flammable or combustible liquids must not be stored on the floor or in any exit access.
Always segregate flammable or combustible liquids from oxidizers, including oxidizing acids
(e.g., nitric, perchloric, chromic, sulfuric). Only the amount of material required for the experiment
or procedure should be stored in the work area.
Handle flammable and combustible materials only in areas free of ignition sources and use the
chemical in a fume hood whenever possible. Ignition sources may include electrical equipment,
open flames, static electricity, and hot surfaces. If heating of a flammable liquid is required, it
should be limited to heating mantles, heating tapes, and water/oil/sand baths.
Always transfer flammable and combustible chemicals from glass containers to glassware or from
glass container/glassware to plastic. If transferring flammable liquids between metal equipment
ensure that the containers are bonded together and connected to a common ground. Failure to
follow these guidelines for flammable liquid transfer may present a fire hazard due to static
electricity. The transfer of flammable liquid from 5 gallon or larger metal containers should not
be performed in the laboratory. Flammable and combustible liquids may be stored in safety cans,
less than 2 gallons in volume.
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3. Pyrophoric & Water Reactive Materials
Because pyrophoric substances can spontaneously ignite on contact with air and/or water, they
must be handled under an inert atmosphere and in such a way that rigorously excludes air and
moisture. Some of these chemicals are also toxic, and many are dissolved or immersed in a
flammable solvent. Other common hazards include corrosivity, teratogenicity, or peroxide
formation. All users of pyrophoric and water‐reactive materials at FMOLU must know and follow
the appropriate quenching methods, and the use of these materials is never to be performed when
alone in the laboratory.
Examples of pyrophoric and water‐reactive chemicals include:
- Grignard Reagents: RMgX (where R = alkyl group, X = halogen atom)
- Metal alkyls and aryls: Alkyl lithium compounds; tert‐butyl lithium
- Metal carbonyls: Lithium carbonyl, nickel tetracarbonyl
- Metal powders (finely divided): Zinc, iron, cobalt, zirconium
- Metal hydrides: Sodium hydride (NaH), lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4)
- Non‐metal hydrides: silane phosphine
- Non‐metal alkyls: R3B, R3P, R3As, tetramethyl silane, tributyl phosphine, diethyl arsine
- White and red phosphorus
- Group I (alkali) metals: Li, K, Na, sodium‐potassium alloy (Na‐K), Ru, Cs
- Gases: silane, dichlorosilane, diborane, phosphine, arsine
Only minimal amounts of reactive chemicals should be used in experiments or stored in the
laboratory. Reactive materials containers must be clearly labeled with the correct chemical name,
in English, along with a hazard warning.
Suitable storage locations may include inert gas‐filled desiccators or glove boxes; however, some
pyrophoric materials must be stored in a refrigerator or freezer rated for the storage of flammable
liquids. It is further recommended that an inert gas‐filled desiccator also be used in conjunction
with reduced temperature storage. If pyrophoric or water reactive reagents are received in a
specially designed shipping, storage or dispensing container (such as the Aldrich Sure/Seal
packaging system), ensure that the integrity of that container is maintained. Ensure that sufficient
protective solvent, oil, kerosene, or inert gas remains in the container while pyrophoric materials
are stored. Don’t store reactive chemicals with flammable materials or in a flammable storage
cabinet with other flammable liquids. A flammable storage cabinet may be used but it must be
dedicated to storing pyrophoric or water reactive materials only.
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4. Oxidizers
Oxidizers (e.g., hydrogen peroxide, halogens, potassium permanganate, ferric chloride, potassium
dichromate, sodium nitrate) should be stored in a cool, dry place and kept away from flammable
and combustible materials, such as wood, paper, Styrofoam, plastics, flammable organic
chemicals, and away from reducing agents (e.g., zinc, alkaline metals, metal hydrides, formic acid).
5. Peroxide‐Forming Chemicals (Time‐Sensitive Materials)
Peroxide forming chemicals (e.g., ethers, alkenes, alkynes, etc.), should be stored in airtight
containers in a dark, cool, and dry place and must be segregated from other classes of chemicals
(e.g. , acids, bases, oxidizers) that could create a serious hazard to life or property should an
accident occur. The containers must be labeled with the date received and the date opened. This
information, along with the chemical identity should face forward to minimize container handling
during inspection. These chemicals may be periodically tested for the presence of peroxides and
the results documented. Minimize the quantity of peroxide‐forming chemicals stored in the
laboratory and dispose peroxide‐forming chemicals within one year of receipt or six months after
opening. Refer to
Keep an inventory of peroxide‐forming chemicals for your workplace, and never purchase more
quantity than can be consumed prior to the manufacturer’s expiration date. If old containers of
peroxide‐forming chemicals are discovered in the laboratory, (greater than five years past the
expiration date or if the date of the container is unknown), do not handle the container. If
crystallization is present in or on the exterior of a container, do not handle the container. Secure
the immediate area and restrict access to the container until it can be evaluated by Dept. of Health
& Safety.
6. Corrosives
Store corrosive chemicals (i.e., acids, bases) below a height of five feet and in secondary
containers that are large enough to contain at least 10% of the total volume of liquid stored
or the volume of the largest container, whichever is greater. Acids must always be
segregated from bases and from active metals (e.g., sodium, potassium, magnesium) at all
times and must also be segregated from chemicals which could generate toxic gases upon
contact (e.g., sodium cyanide, iron sulfide, potassium ferricyanide, sodium nitroprusside,
etc.). Specific types of acids require additional segregation. Mineral acids must be kept
away from organic acids, and oxidizing acids must be segregated from flammable and
combustible materials.
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Picric acid must be stored wet with at least 30% water, in a cool, dry, well‐ventilated area,
away from heat sources. Picric acid is considered a flammable solid when wet >30% water.
Incompatibilities for picric acid include oxidizers, metals, reducing agents, and bases.
Recurring inspection and rehydration should be completed every six months to ensure it
does not dry out to <10% water, at which point picric acid becomes unstable and may pose
an explosion hazard.
7. Acutely Toxic Chemicals
Acutely toxic chemicals should be stored based on their hazards and physical properties. Storage for
acutely toxic solids and liquids includes secondary containment in a well‐ventilated area.
Containers should be closed with tape or other sealant. Storage areas for acutely toxic chemicals
and their containers must be meticulously labeled.
8. Special Storage Requirements
a. Compressed Gas Cylinders
Compressed gas cylinders must be stored with the safety cap in place when not in use and
segregated by hazard class. Secure cylinders to prevent hazards posed by tipping, falling, or
rolling, and ensure bracing/restraint materials are non‐combustible. Cylinders must be restrained
by at least one non‐combustible restraint but preferably two non‐combustible restraints; one
restraint at 1/3 from the top of the cylinder, and the other at 1/3 from the bottom of the cylinder.
Bolted “clam shells” may be used in instances where gas cylinders must be stored or used away
from the wall. Cylinders containing certain gases are prohibited from being stored in a
horizontal position, including those which contain a water volume of more than 5 liters. Do not
expose cylinders to excessive dampness, corrosive chemicals, fumes or temperatures >125 °F.
Certain gas cylinders require additional precautions. Compressed oxygen gas cylinders must be
stored at least 20 feet away from combustible materials and flammable gases. Liquefied fuel gas
cylinders must be stored securely in the upright position. Piping and tubing for flammable,
corrosive and toxic gases must be made of compatible materials.
Gas cylinder connections must be inspected frequently for deterioration and must never be used
without a regulator. Never use a leaking, corroded or damaged cylinder and never refill
compressed gas cylinders. When stopping a leak between cylinder and regulator, always close the
valve before tightening the union nut. The regulator should be replaced with a safety cap when
the cylinder is not in use. Gas cylinders must be moved with the safety cap in place using carts
designed for this purpose. Separate empty from full cylinders in storage areas, and arrange full
cylinders such that the oldest materials are utilized first.
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b. Cryogenic Liquids
Because cryogenic liquid (e.g., Nitrogen, Argon, Helium, etc.) containers are at low pressure and
have protective rings mounted around the regulator, they are not required to be affixed to a
permanent fixture such as a wall. However, additional protection considerations should be
addressed when storing cryogenic liquids in a laboratory. The primary risk to laboratory
personnel from cryogenic liquids is skin or eye damage caused by contact with the material.
Additionally, all cryogenic liquids have large expansion volumes, typically greater than 500:1
when transitioning from a cryogenic liquid to a room temperature gas. This volumetric increase
can create high pressure hazards if confined to a closed system; pressure relief valves must always
be functional and unobstructed. While the gases are usually not toxic, a significant risk of
asphyxiation is a possibility due to oxygen displacement. Consult with the Dept. of Health &
Safety prior to locating cryogenic liquids in confined spaces or areas without adequate ventilation.
Always use appropriate thermally insulated gloves when handling cryogenic liquids. Face shields
may be needed in cases where splashing can occur.
D. On‐Campus Transport of Hazardous Chemicals
Precautions must be taken when transporting hazardous materials between laboratories and
buildings. Chemicals must be transported in break‐resistant, secondary containers such as
commercially available bottle carriers made of rubber, metal, or plastic, that include carrying
handle(s) and which are large enough to hold the contents of the chemical container in the event
of breakage.
When transporting cylinders of compressed gases, always secure the cylinder with straps or chains
onto a suitable hand truck (dolly) and protect the valve with a safety cap. Avoid dragging, sliding,
or rolling cylinders and use a freight elevator when possible.
E. Off‐Campus Transport or Shipment of Hazardous Chemicals
The transportation of hazardous chemicals and compressed gases over public roads, or by air, is
strictly governed by international, federal, and state regulatory agencies, including the U.S.
Department of Transportation (DOT) and the International Air Transport Association (IATA). Any
person who prepares and/or ships these types of materials must ensure compliance with pertinent
regulations regarding training, quantity limits, packaging, labeling, documentation and hazard
communication. Without proper training, it is illegal to ship hazardous materials. Those who
violate the hazardous materials shipment regulations are subject to criminal investigation and
penalties. FMOLU campus personnel who sign hazardous materials manifests, shipping papers,
or those who package hazardous material for shipment, must be properly trained and certified.
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VII. Inspections and Compliance
A. Laboratory Safety Inspections – Lab Personnel
The primary goal of safety inspections is to identify both existing and potential accident‐causing
hazards, activities, procedures, and faulty operations that can be corrected before an accident
occurs. Regular laboratory inspections performed by laboratory personnel have been shown to
substantially improve laboratory safety conditions, reduce accidents and incidents, and should
help to ensure fewer findings when inspections are performed by regulatory personnel or other
campus inspectors.
Laboratory Supervisors are required to self‐inspect their laboratories on a routine basis. Follow‐
up and documentation related to any identified corrective actions is very important. Inspection
documentation for recent inspections and follow‐up actions should be maintained and readily
available.
B. Laboratory Safety Inspections – Dept. of Health & Safety
These safety reviews are meant to supplement laboratory self‐inspections. The safety reviews can
also help to identify weaknesses that may require more systematic action across a broader
spectrum of laboratories, and strengths that should be fostered in other laboratories. Once the
review is completed to identify deficiencies in the laboratory, both serious and non‐serious.
Serious deficiencies are those which have the potential to lead to serious injuries or be of critical
importance. Corrective action for serious deficiencies must be initiated within 3 days. Non‐
serious deficiencies must have corrective action initiated within 30 days. If corrective action is not
undertaken in the identified time period, an escalation process will be initiated. Depending on
the severity of the deficiency, the Dept. of Health & Safety may temporarily suspend research
activities until the deficiency is corrected.
C. Recordkeeping Requirements
Per OSHA regulations, departments or laboratories must document health and safety training,
including safety meetings, one ‐on‐one training, classroom training, and online training.
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VII. Hazardous Waste Management
A. Identification
All the chemical constituents in each hazardous waste stream must be accurately identified by
laboratory personnel, even those components present at trace levels. This is a critical safety issue
for both laboratory personnel and hazardous waste technicians who handle the waste once it is
turned over to the Dept. of Health & Safety. Mixing of incompatible waste streams has the
potential to create violent reactions and is a common cause of laboratory accidents. If there is
uncertainty about the composition of a waste stream resulting from an experimental process,
laboratory personnel must consult the Laboratory Supervisor, the Chemical Hygiene Officer, or
the Director of Health & Safety. In most cases, careful documentation and review of all chemical
products used in the experimental protocol will result in accurate waste stream characterization.
The manufacturer’s SDS provides detailed information on each hazardous ingredient in
laboratory reagents and other commercial chemical products; and also the chemical, physical,
and toxicological properties of the ingredients.
B. Storage
The hazardous waste storage area in each laboratory is considered a Satellite Accumulation Area
(SAA) by the EPA. According to EPA requirements, this area must remain under the control of
the persons producing the waste. This means the SAA should be located in an area that is
supervised and is not accessible to the public. The chosen SAA within the laboratory should be
properly labeled and located in such a place as to minimally impact normal laboratory activities.
Other SAA requirements include the following:
- Hazardous waste containers must be labeled at all times.
- Waste must be collected and stored at or near the point of generation.
- According to State law, the maximum amount of waste that can be stored in a SAA is 55
gallons of a hazardous waste or one liter of extremely hazardous waste. If you reach
these volumes for a specific waste stream, you must dispose of the waste within three
days.
- The maximum amount of flammable solvents allowed to be stored in a laboratory is 60
gallons; this limit also includes waste solvents.
- All hazardous waste containers in the laboratory must be kept closed when not in use.
- Hazardous waste streams must have compatible constituents, and must be compatible
with the containers in which they are stored.
- Hazardous waste containers must be stored in secondary containment at all times.
Primary waste containers must be in good condition with leak proof lids.
- Containers must be less than 90% full.
- Dry wastes must be double‐bagged in clear, three‐mil plastic bags.
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C. Segregation
All hazardous waste must be managed in a manner that prevents spills and unexpected reactions.
Additionally, proper waste segregation can help reduce disposal costs. Whenever possible,
recommended segregation approaches include:
- Segregate acids from bases.
- Segregate oxidizers from organics.
- Segregate cyanides from acids.
- Segregate halogenated solvents from non‐halogenated solvents.
- Segregate radioactive waste from chemical waste.
- Exclude metals from solvent wastes.
D. Incompatible Waste Streams
Mixing incompatible waste streams, or selecting a container that is not compatible with its
contents, is a common cause of accidents in laboratories and waste storage facilities. Reactive
mixtures can cause catastrophic container failure, resulting in serious injury and property
damage. All chemical constituents and their waste byproducts must be compatible for each waste
container generated. Waste labels must be immediately updated when a new constituent is added
to a waste container, so personnel in the laboratory can manage the container and waste
accordingly.
Oxidizers added to any fuel can create an exothermic reaction and may cause catastrophic
container failure. The most frequent is acids oxidizing flammable liquids. Piranha etch solution
is a specific waste stream which contains sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide. This forms a
reactive mixture often still fuming during disposal. For this waste stream, and other reactive
mixtures like it, vented caps are mandatory.
E. Accumulation Time
Hazardous waste may not accumulate anywhere on campus for more than one year. This one‐
year period includes the 60‐90 days the Dept. of Health & Safety may need to store the waste prior
to shipment. As such, hazardous wastes must be removed from laboratories no more than 270
days after the accumulation start date.
One major exception to the one year maximum accumulation period pertains to extremely
hazardous wastes. Extremely hazardous wastes (e.g., hydrofluoric acid, arsenic or bromine‐
containing wastes) may not be accumulated for more than 90 days if certain volume limits are
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exceeded. For this reason, the Dept. of Health & Safety advises removal of all hazardous waste as
soon as containers are full or at least every 90 days.
F. Drain Disposal
FMOLU does not permit drain disposal of chemical wastes, unless a specific dilution and/or
neutralization method for a consistent waste stream has been reviewed and approved by the
Dept. of Health & Safety. This applies to weak acid and base solutions. Drain disposal of properly
disinfected infectious or bio‐hazardous liquids is acceptable.
G. Bench Top Treatment
EPA regulations allow some limited bench top treatment of certain chemical waste streams in
laboratories provided specific procedures are followed. Due to the stringent nature of these
requirements, any treatment of hazardous waste in labs must be reviewed and approved by the
Dept. of Health & Safety. The EPA requirements for treating hazardous waste in laboratories
generally follow the National Research Council ʺPrudent Practices in the Laboratoryʺ 2011, Chapter 8
procedures, or other peer‐reviewed scientific publications. The quantity of waste treated in one
batch cannot exceed 5 gallons of liquid or 18 kilograms of solid/semi‐solid waste.
H. Transportation and Disposal
It is a violation of DOT regulations to transport hazardous waste in personal vehicles. Removal
of the liquid hazardous chemical waste collected in the designated 55 gallon container shall be
performed in accordance with the contract that the university has with Clean Harbors
Environmental Services, Inc.:
- The Waste Material Profile Sheet Annual Re‐Certification Form must be completed each
year.
- The Waste Materials Profile Sheet must be completed each time chemical waste is picked
up by Clean Harbors.
- The Land Disposal Restriction Notification Form must be completed each time chemical
waste is picked up by Clean Harbors.
- The Uniform Hazardous Waste Manifest must be completed each time chemical waste is
picked up by Clean Harbors.
To arrange a pickup of hazardous waste by Clean Harbors:
- Complete the Clean Harbors Waste Materials Profile Sheet the Hazardous Waste Label
and attach it to each drum.
- Contact Clean Harbors by phone to request pick up.
- Fax the completed Waste Materials Profile Sheet to Clean Harbors.
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- Clean Harbors will provide a price quote for the pickup. The Clean Harbor quote must
be reviewed and signed by the Science Department Chair or the Dean of the School of
Arts and Sciences.
- Fax the signed quote to Clean Harbors.
- Upon receipt of the signed quote, Clean Harbors will contact you to schedule a date and
time for pick up.
1. Chemical Waste
The following policies shall be followed in disposing of all chemical waste:
- Sink disposal of chemical waste shall be confined to uncontaminated dilute acids and
bases and the washing of empty laboratory glassware.
- Hazardous chemical waste shall be separated, to the extent practicable, according to
chemical class and hazard.
- Hazardous chemical waste must be stored in appropriate containers.
- Ensure that containers are impervious to their contents.
- Only one container at a time should be used to collect each type of waste. Do not
attempt to store incompatible chemicals in the same container.
- Keep chemical waste containers closed except when adding or removing waste.
- All chemical waste containers shall be completely and appropriately labeled to describe
all contents.
- If a funnel is used to pour waste into a chemical waste container, insert the funnel only
when pouring the waste.
- Liquid waste can be stored temporarily in approved self‐closing explosion proof
containers if keep under a chemical hood. These containers should be emptied each day
by the laboratory coordinator.
- Any cabinet used to accumulate chemical waste should be kept locked and under the
control of laboratory instructors and the laboratory coordinator.
- Chemical waste storage cabinets should be inspected weekly by the laboratory
coordinator for any sign of leakage and container integrity.
- Liquid waste should be transferred to a Hazardous Chemical Waste Drum.
2. Biological Waste
Labels for all biohazardous waste containers are in a brown Stericycle envelope that is kept in
the Biological Learning and Research Building.
- Label all containers.
- The large (18 gallon) sharps containers are picked up “as is” after labeling. Place labels
on one side of these containers.
- Small (2 gallon) sharps containers are placed directly in biohazardous waste boxes.
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- Waste collected in red biohazardous liner bags must be double bagged and then placed
in the cardboard biohazardous boxes. Label each cardboard biohazardous waste box in
the place indicated on the box.
3. Sharps
The following procedures apply to the disposal of all laboratory sharps, including both
infectious waste used sharps and sharps that may pose a safety hazard to custodians or other
personnel.
The following definitions apply:
- Laboratory Sharp: Any device/item having corners, edges, or projections capable of
cutting or piercing the skin.
- Infectious Waste Used Sharp: Sharps, including hypodermic needles, syringes (with or
without attached needle), Pasteur pipettes, scalpel blades, blood vials, needles with
attached tubing, culture dishes, suture needles, slides, cover slips, and other broken or
unbroken glassware or plastic ware that has been in contact with infectious agents or
that has been used in animal or human patient care or treatment.
- Infectious Waste Sharps Containers: Containers that are non‐breakable, leak proof,
impervious to moisture, rigid, tightly lidded, puncture resistant, red in color, and
marked with the universal biohazard symbol.
Infectious waste sharps containers shall be placed near any area of sharps generation in each
laboratory. Infectious waste sharps containers shall be disposed of as biohazardous waste when
they are no more than ¾ full. Do not overfill a sharps container.
It is the policy of FMOLU that the following items (contaminated or not with infectious
material) shall be placed in infectious waste containers and disposed of as biohazardous waste:
- Needles (including suture needles)
- Syringes with or without needles
- All blades
- Glass microscope slides and coverslips
- Glass and plastic vials
- Glass and plastic pipettes
- Broken glassware and broken plastic ware
- Any other item that could break, cut or puncture
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VIII. Accidents Spills and Emergencies
A. Overview
Laboratory emergencies may result from a variety of factors, including serious injuries; fires and
explosions; spills and exposures; and natural disasters. All laboratory employees should be
familiar with and aware of the location of their laboratory’s or department’s emergency action
plan and safety manuals. Before beginning any laboratory task, know what to do in the event of
an emergency situation. Identify the location of safety equipment, including first aid kits, eye
washes, safety showers, fire extinguishers, fire alarm pull stations, and spill kits. Plan ahead and
know the location of the closest fire alarms, exits, and telephones in your laboratory. For all
incidents requiring emergency response, call 911.
B. Accidents
In the event of an injury or illness:
‐ Seek medical attention if needed.
‐ Notify the Laboratory Supervisor immediately.
‐ File a Worker’s Compensation claim through the
The most common examples of a serious injury is anytime an employee is hospitalized,
suffers permanent disfigurement (facial burn), or amputation (bony involvement with a
finger cut).
Laboratory Supervisors are responsible for ensuring that their employees receive
appropriate medical attention in the event of an occupational injury or illness. All
accidents and injuries requiring medical care must be reported to the Dept. of Health &
Safety. At a minimum, each laboratory should have the following preparations in place:
‐ Access to a first aid kit.
‐ Posting of emergency telephone numbers and locations of emergency treatment
facilities. This information should be reviewed and updated if needed at least
annually.
‐ Training of adequate number of staff in basic CPR and first aid.
‐ Training of staff to accompany injured personnel to medical treatment site and to
provide medical personnel with copies of SDS(s) for the chemical(s) involved in
the incident.
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In the event of physical injury, the following procedures shall be followed:
1. Burns to the Skin:
1. If the burn is electrical in origin, be sure that the individual is not still in contact with
the power source before touching them.
2. If the individual remains in contact with a power source, unplug the device or shut off
the main power breaker at the electrical distribution panel.
3. Dial 911 if the burn is serious or for any electrical burn.
4. Remove jewelry including watches from the burned area.
5. Expose the burned area if possible, but avoid removing clothing or other items that are
stuck to the skin.
6. If possible, immerse the burned area in cold water for at least 10 minutes, or apply cold
wet packs. If this is not possible, cover first and second degree burns with a moist
bandage. Apply dry compresses to third degree burns and to the entry and exit
wounds of electrical burns.
7. Do not apply lotions, ointments or disinfectants to any burn.
8. First and second degree burns can be washed with soap and water after a cool down
period of 30 minutes.
9. Do not burst forming blisters.
2. Burns to the Eyes:
1. Prevent the individual from rubbing or touching the eyes.
2. Flush the eyes with cool water for 15‐30 minutes.
3. Cover the eyes with dry sterile gauze pads. Apply a wet compress to the eyes if it is
too painful to close them.
4. Send the individual to medical care or call 911. If burn is the result of exposure to a
laser, advise medical personnel of the characteristics of the laser and the distance
between the victim and the laser.
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3. Cuts and Abrasions:
1. Wash the wound and surrounding area with mild soap and running water.
2. Remove any dirt from around the wound.
3. Cover the wound with an adhesive dressing or gauze square taped on all sides with
adhesive tape.
4. Send the individual to medical care or call 911.
5. If the wound is bleeding profusely, attempt to stop the bleeding as quickly as possible
by imitating the following until Baton Rouge EMS arrives:
‐ Elevate the injured area above the level of the heart, if possible, to reduce blood
pressure to the area of the wound.
‐ Apply direct pressure to the wound unless an object is protruding from it. If
protruding object prevents direct pressure to the wound, apply pressure around the
injury. Direct pressure can be applied with the fingers, the palm of the hand, or a
pressure dressing.
‐ If bleeding cannot be controlled with direct pressure, apply pressure to the arteries
supplying the injured area. This involves compressing the artery between the heart
and the wound against a bone.
‐ Do not remove a dressing that has become soaked with blood. Apply additional
dressings on top of the first as necessary.
‐ Don not cut off the blood circulation to the limbs.
‐ A tourniquet completely stops blood flow beyond the point of application and should
be used only as a last resort.
4. Needle‐Stick Injuries:
‐ Treat bleeding needle‐stick injuries as described above in Cuts and Abrasions.
‐ Consult a physician immediately for any needle‐stick injury for post exposure
prophylaxis or immunization.
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5. Poisoning
Laboratory Faculty, Instructors, and Staff Members conducting class are responsible for
immediate response to poisonings. In instances where extensive medical treatment is required,
call 911.
In the event of a poisoning, the following procedures shall be followed:
‐ Call 911 for serious poisoning.
‐ Be sure that the area is safe to enter before attempting to aid a poisoned individual.
‐ Move the individual away from the contaminated area and provide first aid as
necessary.
‐ Do not induce vomiting unless advised to do so by a reliable authority such as the
Poison Control Center (1‐800‐256‐9822), a physician, or emergency medical personnel
(911).
‐ Provide emergency medical personnel with a copy of the SDS for the poisonous
product.
‐ If the individual was overcome by an unknown poison and has vomited, provide the
emergency medical personnel with a sample of the vomitus.
‐ Send the individual to medical care.
C. Laboratory Safety Equipment New personnel must be instructed in the location of fire extinguishers, emergency eyewashes,
safety showers, and other safety equipment before they begin work in the laboratory. This training
is considered part of the laboratory‐specific training all lab personnel must complete.
1. Fire Extinguishers
All laboratories working with combustible or flammable chemicals must be outfitted with
appropriate fire extinguishers. All extinguishers must be mounted on a wall in an area free of
clutter or stored in a fire extinguisher cabinet. Personnel should be familiar with the location, use,
and classification of the extinguishers in their laboratory.
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Laboratory personnel are not required to extinguish fires that occur in their work areas and
should not attempt to do so unless:
‐ It is a small fire (i.e., small trash can‐sized fire).
‐ Appropriate training has been received.
‐ It is safe to do so.
‐ The person wishes to do so and is capable.
Any time a fire occurs or a fire extinguisher is used, no matter for how brief a period, the
Laboratory Supervisor, or most senior laboratory personnel present at the time of the incident,
must immediately report the incident to the Fire Department at 911.
2. Safety Showers and Eyewash Stations
Immediate access to emergency eyewash stations and safety showers is required where the risk
of chemical exposure can cause:
‐ eye damage
‐ severe irritation
‐ permanent tissue damage
‐ toxicity by absorption
Access must be available in 10 seconds or less for a potentially injured individual; and access
routes must be kept clear. Safety showers must have a minimum clearance of 16 inches from the
centerline of the spray pattern in all directions at all times; this means that no objects should be
stored or left within this distance of the safety shower. Sink based eyewash stations and drench
hoses are not adequate to meet this requirement and can only be used to support an existing
compliant system. Additionally, keg‐type shower/eyewash systems are only acceptable as a
temporary solution and are not intended to replace emergency safety showers/eyewash stations.
In the event of contact with a chemical or substance, immediately irrigate the eyes and/or other
parts of the body for 15 minutes. Individuals using the emergency eyewash and/or safety shower
should be assisted by an uninjured person to aid in decontamination and to encourage the
individual to use the eyewash and/or shower for the full 15 minutes. Clothing that has been in
contact with hazardous materials must be removed. Fire blankets and clean lab coats may be used
to cover the injured person for warmth and modesty. Medical attention must be sought
immediately, and the event reported to the Laboratory Supervisor and Dept. of Health & Safety.
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To use an emergency shower:
‐ Walk swiftly to the Shower
‐ Turn on the shower, and stand directly under the stream
‐ Remove any soiled clothing
‐ Remain in the shower for 15‐30 minutes
To use an emergency eyewash station:
‐ Remove glasses and/or contact lenses immediately
‐ Walk swiftly to the Eyewash Station
‐ Hold eyelids forcibly open and place eyes on the designated spot of the Station
‐ Have a second individuals hold the water switch while your eyes rinse for 15‐30 minutes
D. Fire‐Related Emergencies
Everyone working in a laboratory should know the location and correct use of fire extinguishers.
If you encounter a fire, or a fire‐related emergency (e.g., abnormal heating, smoke, burning odor),
immediately follow these instructions:
‐ Pull the closest fire alarm pull station and call 911 to notify the Fire Department.
‐ Evacuate and isolate the area
‐ Use portable fire extinguishers to facilitate evacuation and/or control a small fire (i.e., size
of a small trash can), if safe to do so.
‐ If possible, shut off equipment before leaving.
‐ Close doors.
‐ Remain safely outside the affected area to provide details to emergency responders.
‐ Evacuate the building when the alarm sounds. It is against state law to remain in the
building when the alarm is sounding. If the alarm sounds due to a false alarm or drill,
you will be allowed to re‐enter the building as soon as the Fire Department determines
that it is safe to do so. Do not go back in the building until the alarm stops and you are
cleared to reenter by Fire Department personnel.
If your clothing catches on fire, go to the nearest emergency shower immediately and activate
the water flow. If a shower is not immediately available (3‐5 steps), stop, drop, and roll; then
proceed the nearest safety shower to cool off.
If another individual is on fire:
‐ Immediately immobilize the victim and force him/her to roll on the floor to extinguish
the flames.
‐ Assist in smothering the flames by using a fireproof blanket
‐ Give appropriate first aid
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Fire evacuation plans vary based on the individual Laboratory, fire exit, and building layout.
See the Departmental Safety Plan Volumes for individual Laboratory fire evacuation plans.
E. Chemical Spills
Laboratory Faculty, Instructors, and Staff Members conducting class are responsible for
immediate response to chemical spills. In instances where more extensive equipment or
technical assistance is required, call 911 and notify the University Receptionist at 768‐1700.
Clean Harbors also has a FREE Emergency Response Team to respond to spills or
contamination accidents. Call: 1‐(800)‐OIL‐TANK.
In the event of a hazardous (volatile, toxic, corrosive, reactive, or flammable) chemical spill, the
following procedures shall be followed:
‐ Evacuate all personnel from the Laboratory
‐ Turn on all Fume Hoods if possible
‐ If flammable liquids are spilled, disconnect the electricity to sources of ignition if
possible
‐ Consult the chemical’s SDS for information on cleaning up the spill
‐ If extensive technical assistance is required, do not attempt to clean up the spill. Call
Clean Harbors at 1‐(800)‐OIL‐TANK, shut the Laboratory doors, and remain outside of
the Laboratory until the spill has been cleared by Clean Harbors
‐ Call 911 if necessary
1. Flammable and Toxic Liquids:
‐ Immediately shut off all potential ignition sources
‐ If fire occurs, alert everyone present and extinguish all flames. If the fire cannot be
controlled immediately, pull the nearest fire alarm.
‐ Pour adsorbent around the perimeter of the spill and then cover the rest of the material.
Wear a respirator if toxic vapors are present.
‐ Wear gloves resistant to the chemical being handled.
‐ Using a plastic utensil, scoop up the absorbed spill, place it in a plastic bag, seal it, and
place in a labeled container.
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2. Corrosive Liquids:
‐ Do not attempt to clean a corrosive liquid spill unless it is very dilute
‐ Alert everyone present. If vapors are being released, evacuate the Laboratory
‐ Gloves, boots, apron and eye protection must be used when neutralizing an extensive
corrosive spill. Respiratory protection is required if the liquid releases corrosive vapor or
gas.
‐ Pour the required neutralizing material around the perimeter of the spill, and then
carefully add water and more neutralizing material to the contained area. Carefully
agitate to promote neutralization.
‐ Use pH paper to verify that all contaminated areas are neutralized and safe to wipe up.
‐ If an adsorbent is used instead of a neutralizer, scoop up the absorbed spill, place it in a
plastic bag, seal it, and then place in a labeled box. If neutralized material contains no
toxic heavy metals, flush down the drain with plenty of water.
3. Corrosive Solids:
‐ Small spills should be cleaned up mechanically with a dustpan and brush.
‐ Larger spills should be cleaned up using a HEPA (high‐efficiency articulate) filter
vacuum.
‐ For spills containing fine dusts, an air‐purifying respirator with dust filters are required
to clean the spill.
4. Toxic Solids:
‐ Avoid disturbing such solids which may release toxic dusts.
‐ Wet the material thoroughly, then place it in a plastic bag and label it appropriately.
‐ If wet removal is not possible, a vacuum equipped with a HEPA (High Efficiency
Particulate Air) filter is required to clean the spill
5. Gases:
‐ In the event of the release of a corrosive gas or gases that are absorbed through the skin,
a complete chemical resistant suit and a self‐contained breathing apparatus are required.
‐ There is not practical means of absorbing or neutralizing a gas ‐ the leak must be
corrected at the source by Clean Harbors. Contact Clean Harbors at 1‐(800)‐OIL‐TANK.
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6. Mercury:
‐ If a small amount of mercury is spilled, use an aspirator bulb or a mercury sponge to
pick up droplets
‐ Place the mercury in a container, cover with water, seal it, and label the bottle
appropriately.
‐ To clean up the residual micro‐droplets that may have worked into cracks and other
hard‐to‐clean areas, sprinkle sulphur powder or other commercially available product
for mercury decontamination.
‐ Leave the material for several hours and sweep up solid into a plastic bag, seal it and
label it appropriately.
‐ If a large spill of mercury is spilled, the area should be closed off, and a mercury
respirator worn during the clean‐up.
‐ Contact Clean Harbors for monitoring of mercury air concentrations and for assistance
with clean up at 1‐(800)‐OIL‐TANK.
7. Chemical Splashes to the Skin:
‐ If the splash affects a large area of skin, go immediately to the emergency shower and
rinse thoroughly for 15‐20 minutes, removing contaminated clothing while in the
shower.
‐ If the splash affects only a small area of skin, go to the nearest sink and rinse the area for
15‐30 minutes. Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry.
‐ Contact 911 if necessary
8. Chemical Splashes to the Eyes:
‐ Go to the emergency eyewash station and rinse the eyes for 15‐30 minutes.
‐ If contact lenses are being worn, remove them as soon as possible while continuing to
flush the eyes.
‐ Hold the eyelids open with fingers.
‐ Roll the eyes so that water can flow over the entire surface of each eye.
‐ Lift eyelids frequently to ensure complete flushing.
‐ If an eye injury occurs, cover the injured eye with dry sterile gauze pads while waiting
for medical attention.
‐ Contact 911 if necessary
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F. Biological Spills
Laboratory Faculty, Instructors, and Staff Members conducting class are responsible for
immediate response to biological spills. In instances where more extensive equipment or
technical assistance is required, call 911 and notify the University Receptionist at 768‐1700.
Assessment of a biological spill is based on the following criteria:
‐ Virulence and infectivity of the agent
‐ Viability
‐ Route of entry into the human body
‐ Quantity and location of the spill
‐ Immune status of the individuals at risk
A spill‐kit should be available in every Biology Laboratory on FMOLU campus and clearly
marked. In the event of a biological spill, the following procedures shall be followed:
1. Small Spills:
‐ Small spills can be cleaned up immediately by lab personnel, provided that the
organism does not pose a health risk
‐ Cover with a disinfectant‐soaked towel
‐ Autoclave or discard contaminated material in a biomedical waste container.
2. Large Spills:
‐ Treat serious injuries before attempting to contain the spill
‐ Evacuate the area immediately if exposure to the aerosolized microorganism presents a
potential health hazard
‐ Close the facility door(s) and allow aerosols to settle for 30 minutes
‐ Remove contaminated clothing and place it in an autoclave bag or other sealed container
‐ Disinfect and wash exposed skin
‐ Report the spill by calling the Science Safety Contacts posted in the laboratory and the
University Receptionist (768‐1700), or Lake Security (765‐8825) after hours
‐ Wear the appropriate protective clothing and cover the spill with absorbent material
such as paper towels to reduce splashing.
‐ Pour disinfectant around the perimeter of the spill.
‐ Work the disinfectant toward the center of the spill and let it sit for at least 20 minutes.
‐ If the spilled material has leaked through the grilles of a biological safety cabinet, leave
the cabinet running and pour in enough disinfectant (avoid alcohol due to explosion
hazard) to dilute the spill tenfold.
‐ Drain the catch tray after the time interval appropriate for the disinfectant.
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‐ Wipe down any adjacent walls, cabinets, furniture and equipment that may have been
splashed.
‐ Call 911 if necessary
3. Biological Splashes to the Eyes:
‐ Go to the emergency eyewash station and rinse the eyes for 15‐30 minutes.
‐ If contact lenses are being worn, remove them as soon as possible while continuing to
flush the eyes.
‐ Hold the eyelids open with fingers.
‐ Roll the eyes so that water can flow over the entire surface of each eye.
‐ Lift eyelids frequently to ensure complete flushing.
‐ If an eye injury occurs, cover the injured eye with dry sterile gauze pads while waiting
for medical attention.
‐ Autoclave contaminated material in a biomedical waste container, or discard the
material in a biohazard bin.
‐ Contact 911 if necessary
4. Compressed Gas Leaks
Laboratory Faculty, Instructors, and Staff Members conducting class are responsible for
immediate response to compressed gas leaks. In instances where more extensive equipment or
technical assistance is required, call 911 and notify the University Receptionist at 768‐1700.
Clean Harbors also has a FREE Emergency Response Team to respond to spills or
contamination accidents. Call: 1‐(800)‐OIL‐TANK.
In the event of a hazardous (volatile, toxic, corrosive, reactive, or flammable) chemical spill, the
following procedures shall be followed:
‐ For toxic gasses, evacuate the building immediately, warning others of the hazard.
‐ For flammable gasses, turn off any ignition source and evacuate the building
immediately, warning others of the hazard.
‐ In the event of the release of a corrosive gas or gases that are absorbed through the skin,
a complete chemical resistant suit and a self‐contained breathing apparatus are required.
‐ Notify the gas supplier, and follow instructions for return or disposition of the cylinder.
5. Severe Radiation Exposure
Laboratory Faculty, Instructors, and Staff Members conducting class are responsible for
immediate response to radiation emergencies. In instances where more extensive equipment or
technical assistance is required, call 911 and notify the University Receptionist at 768‐1700.
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In the event of severe radiation contamination, the following procedures shall be followed:
‐ Notify the course instructor
‐ Turn off all radiation equipment
‐ Keep all potentially contaminated persons in the general vicinity of the Laboratory to
minimize the spread of contamination
‐ Call 911
G. General Laboratory Power Outage Plan In the event of a power outage, it is Our Lady of the Lake University’s plan for all
Laboratory equipment that is not on an emergency generator to be correctly shut down to
prevent irreversible damage. Shutting down all instrumentation is the responsibility of
each individual Laboratory Coordinator.
XII. References
American Chemical Society, Joint Board‐Council Committee on Chemical Safety, Task
Force for Safety Education Guidelines. Guidelines for Chemical Laboratory Safety in Academic
Institutions. Washington (DC): 2016.
American Chemical Society, Joint Board‐Council Committee on Chemical Safety. Creating
Safety Cultures in Academic Institutions: A Report of the Safety Culture Task Force of the ACS
Committee on Chemical Safety, 1st Edition. Washington (DC): 2012.
American Chemical Society, Joint Board‐Council Committee on Chemical Safety. Safety
in Academic Chemistry Laboratories Volume 2: Accident Prevention for Faculty and
Administrators, 7th Edition. Washington (DC): 2003.
Association of Public & Land‐Grant Universities (APLU), Council on Research, Task
Force on Laboratory Safety. A Guide to Implementing a Safety Culture in Our Universities.
CoR Paper 1. Washington (DC): 2016.
National Research Council (US), Committee on Establishing and Promoting a Culture of
Safety in Academic Laboratory Research. Safe Science: Promoting a Culture of Safety in
Academic Chemical Research. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US): 2014.
National Research Council (US), Committee on Prudent Practices in the Laboratory.
Prudent Practices in the Laboratory: Handling and Management of Chemical Hazards: Updated
Version. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US): 2011.
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APPENDICES
GLOSSARY
ACCIDENT ‐ an undesired event that results in personal injury or property damage, as
defined by the National Safety Council.
ACID‐ An organic or inorganic compound that has a pH of less than 7. Acidic materials
are corrosive to human tissue.
ACGIH ‐ The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists is a voluntary
membership organization of professional industrial hygiene personnel in governmental
or educational institutions. The ACGIH develops and publishes recommended
occupational exposure limits each year called Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) for
hundreds of chemicals, physical agents, and biological exposure indices.
ACTION LEVEL ‐ A concentration designated in Title 8, California Code of Regulations
for a specific substance, calculated as an eight (8)‐hour time weighted average, which
initiates certain required activities such as exposure monitoring and medical surveillance.
ACUTE TOXICITY‐ Adverse effect suffered as a result of short, one‐time exposure to a
toxic material occurring in a relatively short period. Exposure is measured in seconds,
minutes or hours relative to inhalation or skin absorption.
AEROSOL ‐ Liquid droplets or solid particles dispersed in air that are of fine enough size
(less than 100 micrometers) to remain dispersed for a period of time.
ANTISEPTIC‐ Acting against sepsis. An antiseptic agent is one that has been
formulated for use on living tissue such as mucous membranes or skin to prevent or
inhibit growth or action of organisms. Antiseptics should not be used to decontaminate
inanimate objects.
ASEPTIC PROCEDURE‐ A procedure carried out in a manner that prevents
contamination of material.
ASPHYXIANT ‐ A chemical (gas or vapor) that can cause death or unconsciousness by
suffocation. Simple asphyxiants, such as nitrogen, either use up or displace oxygen in the
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air. They become especially dangerous in confined or enclosed spaces. Chemical
asphyxiants, such as carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide, interfere with the bodyʹs
ability to absorb or transport oxygen to the tissues.
AUTOCLAVE‐ An apparatus which employs physical means (moist heat under
pressure) to sterilize or decontaminate. Two types of autoclave are:
Gravity displacement autoclave: this type of autoclave operates at 121oC. Steam
enters at the top of the loaded inner chamber, displacing the air below through a
discharge outlet.
Vacuum autoclave: this type of autoclave can operate at 134oC, allowing for
reduced sterilization cycle time. The air is pumped out of the loaded chamber
before it is filled with steam.
BACTERICIDE‐ An agent that kills vegetative bacteria but not mycobacteria or spores.
BACTERIOSTATIC‐ Inhibiting growth of bacterial organisms without necessarily
killing them or their spores.
BACTERIUM‐ A single‐celled microorganism, ranging in size from .4 to 2.0 microns,
which multiplies by subdivision.
BASE‐ An organic or inorganic compound that has a pH greater than 7. Bases also
referred to as “alkalis” or “caustic materials” are corrosive to human tissue.
Biocide: An agent that can kill all pathogenic and non‐pathogenic living organisms,
including spores.
BIOLOGICALS ‐ Medicinal preparation made from living organisms and their products,
including, but not limited to, serums, vaccines, antigens and anti‐toxins.
BLOOD BORNE PATHOGENS‐ Infectious microorganisms that are carried in the
blood of infected humans or animals and that can be transmitted through contact with
infected blood, body fluids, tissues or organs. Blood borne pathogens are implicated in
diseases such as malaria, syphilis, brucellosis, tuberculosis, hepatitis B and acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Workplace transmission of a blood borne
pathogen can occur via:
accidental inoculation with a contaminated ʺsharpʺ
exposure through open cuts, skin abrasions, and mucous membranes of eyes and
mouth
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indirect transmission (e.g., touching mouth, eyes, nose or open cuts with
contaminated hands)
BROAD SPECTRUM‐ A wide range. A broad spectrum disinfectant is effective against
a wide range of microorganisms, including bacterial spores, mycobacteria, non‐lipid
and lipid viruses, fungi and vegetative bacteria.
ʺCʺ OR CEILING ‐ A description usually seen in connection with a published exposure
limit. It refers to the concentration that should not be exceeded, even for an instant. It
may be written as TLV‐C or Threshold Limit Value ‐ Ceiling. (See also Threshold Limit
Value).
CARCINOGEN‐ Cancer causing agent. A chemical is considered to be a carcinogen if
It has been evaluated by the International Agency for Research (IARC) and
found to be a carcinogen or potential carcinogen;
It is listed as a carcinogen or potential carcinogen in the Annual Report on
Carcinogens published by the National Toxicology Program (NTP)latest addition;
It is regulated by OSHA as a carcinogen.
CAUSTIC‐ Any strongly alkaline material that produces either corrosion or irritation to
human tissue.
CHEMICAL HYGIENE OFFICER ‐ An employee who is qualified by training or
experience to provide technical guidance in the development and implementation of the
provisions of the Chemical Hygiene Plan and Standard Operating Procedures.
CHEMICAL HYGIENE PLAN ‐ A written program developed and implemented by the
employer which sets forth procedures, equipment, personal protective equipment, and
work practices that (1) are capable of protecting employees from the health hazards
presented by hazardous chemicals used in that particular workplace and (2) meets the
requirements of OSHA regulation 29 CFR 1910.1450.
CHEMICAL REACTIVITY‐ The ability of a material to chemically change, possibly
resulting in an explosion hazard, burn hazard, or the liberation of toxic fumes.
CHRONIC TOXICITY‐ Adverse health effect resulting from repeated or long‐term
exposure to toxic materials.
COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID‐ Any liquid having a flashpoint at or above 100˚ F (37.8˚ C)
but below 200˚ F (93.3˚ C), liquid except any mixture having components with
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flashpoints of 200˚ F (93.3˚ C), or higher, the total volume of which make up 99% or
more of the total volume of the mixture.
COMPRESSED GAS
A gas or mixture of gases having, in a container, an absolute pressure exceeding
40 psi at 70˚ F (21.1˚ C);
A gas or mixture of gases having, in a container, an absolute pressure exceeding
104 psi at 130˚ F (54.4˚ C) regardless of its pressure at 70˚ F (54.4˚ C); or
A liquid having a vapor pressure exceeding 40 psi at 100˚ F (37.8˚ C) as
determined by ASTM D‐323‐72.
CORROSIVE ‐ A substance that, according to the DOT, causes visible destruction or
permanent changes in human skin tissue at the site of contact or is highly corrosive to
steel.
CRYOGENIC LIQUID‐ Severely cold (‐60˚ C to ‐273˚ C) and pressurized liquids.
Cryogenic liquids represent an explosion hazard and can cause damage to living tissue.
DECONTAMINATION‐ Removal of microorganisms to a lower level, such that there
is no danger of infection to unprotected individuals. Sterilization and disinfection are
decontamination procedures.
DESIGNATED AREA ‐ An area which has been established and posted with signage for
work involving hazards (e.g., ʺselect carcinogens,ʺ reproductive toxins, or substances
which have a high degree of acute toxicity). A designated area may be the entire
laboratory, an area of a laboratory, or a device such as a laboratory hood.
DISINFECTANT‐ An agent used to kill microorganisms on inanimate objects such as
instruments or surfaces.
DISINFECTION‐ Use of physical or chemical agents to destroy pathogens and
potential pathogens on inanimate objects. Disinfection does not necessarily result in
sterilization.
ʺHigh level disinfectionʺ inactivates fungi, viruses and bacteria. High level
chemical disinfectants may be ineffective against bacterial spores if they are
present in large numbers. Extended exposure times may be required.
ʺIntermediate level disinfectionʺ destroys fungi, some viruses (lipid and most
non‐lipid medium‐size and small viruses), mycobacteria and bacteria.
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ʺLow level disinfectionʺ kills vegetative forms of bacteria, some fungi, and some
medium‐size and lipid‐containing viruses. Low level disinfectants do not reliably
kill bacterial spores, mycobacteria or small or non‐lipid viruses.
EMERGENCY ‐ Any potential occurrence, such as, but not limited to, equipment failure,
rupture of containers, or failure of control equipment which could result in an
uncontrolled release of a hazardous chemical into the workplace.
EXPLOSIVE ‐ A chemical that causes a sudden, almost instantaneous release of pressure,
gas, and heat when subjected to a sudden shock, pressure, or high temperature.
EMBRYOTOXIN‐ A substance deemed to adversely affect a developing embryo at a
particular concentration, but does not affect the pregnant female.
EPA: The Environmental Protection Agency, the federally regulated agency that
enforces environmental protection.
ETIOLOGIC AGENT‐ A disease‐causing organism or toxin.
EXPLOSIVE‐ A chemical that causes a sudden, almost instantaneous release of
pressure, gas. And heat when subjected to shock, pressure, or high temperature.
FLAMMABILITY‐ The ease with which a liquid, solid or gas will ignite, either
spontaneously (pyrophoric) or as the result of a spark or open flame. The more
flammable a material is, the more readily ignition occurs.
FLAMMABILITY LIMITS ‐ The range of concentrations where a gas or vapor (from a
liquid) as a mixture in air will propagate a flame and cause an explosion. The
concentration range spans the lower flammability limit (lower explosive limit) for the
minimum concentration to the upper flammability limit (upper explosive limit) for the
maximum concentration. Note that these limits vary according to temperature, oxygen
levels, and the presence of other chemicals.
FLAMMABLE ‐ A chemical that falls into one of the following categories:
1. Flammable aerosol ‐ an aerosol that yields a flame projection exceeding 18 inches
at full valve opening, or a flashback (a flame extending back to the valve) at any
degree of valve opening.
2. Flammable gas ‐ a gas that, at ambient temperature and pressure, forms a
flammable mixture with air at a concentration of 13% by volume or less; or a gas
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that, at ambient temperature and pressure, forms a range of flammable mixtures
with air wider than 12% by volume, regardless of the lower limit.
3. Flammable liquid ‐ any liquid having a flashpoint below 100 °F (37.8 °C), except
any mixture having components with flashpoints of 100 °F (37.8 °C) or higher,
the total of which make up 99% or more of the total volume of the mixture.
4. Flammable solid ‐ a solid, other than a blasting agent or explosive as defined in
29 CFR §1910.109(a), that is liable to cause fire through friction, absorption of
moisture, spontaneous chemical change, or retained heat from manufacturing or
processing, or which can be ignited readily and, when ignited, burns so
vigorously and persistently as to create a serious hazard. A chemical shall be
considered to be a flammable solid if, when tested by the method described in 16
CFR §1500.44, it ignites and burns with a self‐sustained flame at a greater than
one‐tenth of an inch per second along its major axis.
FLASHPOINT ‐ The minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off a vapor in
sufficient concentration to ignite in the presence of an ignition source or when tested as
follows:
1. Tagliabue Closed Tester (See American National Standard Method of Test for
Flashpoint by Tag Closed Tested, Z11.24‐1979 (ASTM D‐56‐79) for liquids with a
viscosity of less than 45 Saybolt Universal Seconds (SUS) at 100 °F (37.8 °C) or
that contain suspended solids and do not have a tendency to form a surface film
under test.
2. Pensky‐Martens Closed Tester (See American National Standard Method of Test
for Flashpoint by Pensky‐Martens Closed Tester, Z11.7‐1979 (ASTM D‐73‐79) for
liquids with a viscosity equal to or greater than 45 SUS at 100 °F (37.8 °C), or that
contain suspended solids, or that have a tendency to form a surface film under
test.
3. Setaflash Closed Tester (See American National Standard Method of Test for
Flashpoint of Setaflash Closed Tester (ASTM D‐3278‐78). Organic peroxides,
which undergo auto accelerating thermal decomposition, are excluded from any
flashpoint determination methods specified above.
FUME HOOD‐ A device located in a laboratory, enclosed five sides with a movable
sash, constructed and maintained to draw air from the laboratory and to prevent or
minimize the escape of air contaminants into the laboratory, and allows chemical
manipulations to be conducted in the enclosure without any part of the experimenter’s
body other than hands and arms.
FUNGICIDE‐ An agent that destroys fungi.
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GENERAL VENTILATION ‐ Also known as general exhaust ventilation, this is a system
of ventilation consisting of either natural or mechanically induced fresh air movements
to mix with and dilute contaminants in the workroom air. This is not the recommended
type of ventilation to control contaminants that are highly toxic, when there may be
corrosion problems from the contaminant, when the worker is close to where the
contaminant is being generated, and where fire or explosion hazards are generated close
to sources of ignition. (See Local Exhaust Ventilation)
GERMICIDE‐ An agent which destroys microorganisms, especially pathogenic
microorganisms (ʺgermsʺ). Sterilants, disinfectants and antiseptics are germicides.
HAZARD ASSESSMENT ‐ A formal procedure undertaken by the Principal Investigator
or designee in which occupational hazards for all employees are described per procedure
or task, and by affected body part(s) or organ(s), and which is documented and posted in
the workplace with all personal protective equipment requirements.
HAZARD WARNING ‐ Any words, pictures, symbols or combination thereof appearing
on a label or other appropriate form of warning which convey the hazards of the
chemical(s) in the container(s).
HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL‐ A chemical for which there is statistically significant
evidence based on at least one study conducted in accordance with established scientific
principles that acute or chronic health effects may occur in exposed persons. The term
“health hazard” includes chemicals which are carcinogens, toxic or highly toxic agents,
hepatotoxins (cause damage to the liver), nephrotoxins (cause damage to the kidneys),
neurotoxins (cause damage to the nervous system), agents which act on hematopietic
systems, and agents which damage lungs, skin, and eyes, or mucous membranes.
1. OSHA, 29 CFR §1910, Subpart Z, Toxic and Hazardous Substances.
2. “Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents in the
Work Environment,” ACGIH (latest edition).
3. “The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances,” NIOSH (latest edition).
HAZARDOUS MATERIAL (DOT) ‐ A substance or material capable of posing an
unreasonable risk to health, safety, and property when transported including, but not
limited to, compressed gas, combustible liquid, corrosive material, cryogenic liquid,
flammable solid, irritating material, material poisonous by inhalation, magnetic material,
organic peroxide, oxidizer, poisonous material, pyrophoric liquid, radioactive material,
spontaneously combustible material, and water‐reactive material.
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HEALTH HAZARD ‐ A chemical for which there is statistically significant evidence
based on at least one study conducted in accordance with established scientific principles
that acute or chronic health effects may occur in exposed employees. Includes chemicals
which are carcinogens, toxic or highly toxic agents, reproductive toxins, irritants,
corrosives, sensitizers, hepatotoxins, nephrotoxins, and neurotoxins, agents which act on
the hematopoietic system, and agents which damage the lungs, skin, eyes or mucous
membranes.
HIGHLY TOXIC ‐ A substance falling within any of the following categories:
1. A substance that has a median lethal dose (LD50) of 50 milligrams or less per
kilogram of body weight when administered orally to albino rats weighing
between 200 and 300 grams each.
2. A substance that has a median lethal dose (LD50) of 200 milligrams or less per
kilogram of body weight when administered by continuous contact for 24 hours
(or less if death occurs within 24 hours) with the bare skin of albino rabbits
weighing between two and three kilograms each.
3. A substance that has a median lethal concentration (LC50) in air of 200 parts per
million by volume or less of gas or vapor, or 2 milligrams per liter or less of mist,
fume, or dust, when administered by continuous inhalation for one hour (or less
if death occurs within one hour) to albino rats weighing between 200 and 300
grams each.
INCIDENT ‐ an unplanned, undesired event that adversely affects completion of a task.
INFECTIOUS‐ Able to cause disease in a susceptible host.
INFECTIOUS AGENT‐ A biological organism that can establish a process of infection.
IGNITABLE ‐ A solid, liquid or compressed gas waste that has a flashpoint of less than
140 °F. Ignitable material may be regulated by the EPA as a hazardous waste as well.
INCOMPATIBLE ‐ The term applies to two substances to indicate that one material
cannot be mixed with the other without the possibility of a dangerous reaction.
IODOPHOR‐ An ʺiodine‐carryingʺ compound. An iodophor is a combination of iodine
and a solubilizing surface‐active agent, or carrier.
IRRITANT ‐ A substance which, by contact in sufficient concentration for a sufficient
period of time, will cause an inflammatory response or reaction of the eye, skin, nose or
respiratory system. The contact may be a single exposure or multiple exposures. Some
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primary irritants: chromic acid, nitric acid, sodium hydroxide, calcium chloride, amines,
metallic salts, chlorinated hydrocarbons, ketones, and alcohols.
LABEL ‐ Any written, printed or graphic material displayed on or affixed to containers
of chemicals, both hazardous and non‐hazardous.
LABORATORY TYPE HOOD ‐ A device located in a laboratory, enclosed on five sides
with a movable sash or fixed partial enclosure on the remaining side; constructed and
maintained to draw air from the laboratory and to prevent or minimize the escape of air
contaminants into the laboratory; and allows chemical manipulations to be conducted in
the enclosure without insertion of any portion of the employeeʹs body other than hands
and arms.
LABORATORY SCALE ‐ Work with substances in which the containers used for
reactions, transfers, and other handling of substances are designed to be easily and safely
manipulated by one person. “Laboratory scale” excludes those workplaces whose
function is to produce commercial quantities of materials.
LABORATORY USE OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS ‐ Handling or use of such
chemicals in which all of the following conditions are met:
1. Chemical manipulations are carried out on a ʺlaboratory scaleʺ.
2. Multiple chemical procedures or chemicals are used.
3. The procedures involved are not part of a production process nor in any way
simulate a production process.
4. 4. ʺProtective laboratory practices and equipmentʺ are available and in common
use to minimize the potential for employee exposure to hazardous chemicals.
LOCAL EXHAUST VENTILATION (Also known as exhaust ventilation) – A
ventilation system that captures and removes the contaminants at the point they are being
produced before they escape into the workroom air. The system consists of hoods,
ductwork, a fan, and possibly an air‐cleaning device. Advantages of local exhaust
ventilation over general ventilation include: it removes the contaminant rather than
dilutes it, requires less airflow and, thus, is more economical over the long term; and the
system can be used to conserve or reclaim valuable materials; however, the system must
be properly designed with the correctly shaped and placed hoods, and correctly sized
fans and ductwork.
LD50‐ The quantity of a material that when ingested, injected, or applied to the skin as a
single dose, will cause death of 50% of the test animals. The test conditions should be
specified and the values are expressed in either g/kg or mg/kg of body weight.
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MEDICAL CONSULTATION ‐ A consultation which takes place between an employee
and a licensed physician for the purpose of determining what medical examinations or
procedures, if any, are appropriate in cases where a significant exposure to a hazardous
chemical may have taken place.
MICROORGANISM‐ A microscopic organism, such as a bacterium, protozoan, yeast,
virus or alga.
MIXTURE ‐ Any combination of two or more chemicals if the combination is not, in
whole or in part, the result of a chemical reaction.
MUTAGEN ‐ Anything that can cause a change (or mutation) in the genetic material of
a living cell.
NEAR‐MISS ‐ As defined by OSHA, refers to incidents where no property was damaged
and no personal injury sustained, but where, given a slight shift in time or position,
damage and/or injury easily could have occurred. General examples of near‐misses
include:
• Any non‐compliance that could have led to an accident.
• Observation of unsafe conditions such as fire risks, faulty equipment, or failure to
use appropriate PPE.
• Falling or flying objects that do not make contact with individuals nor cause any
significant property damage.
• Waste going into the wrong waste stream.
• Failure of any equipment or associated systems that are in place to protect health
and safety (e.g., fume hoods, glove boxes).
• Unexpected failure of building facilities systems which may compromise
laboratory activities (e.g., water supply, HVAC system).
Some specific examples of near‐misses that have occurred in academic research include:
a. A vacuum pump leaking oil creates a slick floor surface where someone slips but
does not fall nor is injured.
b. A centrifuge tube breaks but not all of the broken glass is removed from the rotor.
Someone reaches into the rotor and is poked by a residual piece of broken glass
but no laceration occurs.
c. Incompatible material is added to a hazardous waste container. The waste
container pressurizes and ruptures while the lab is unoccupied. No equipment
damage or chemical exposure occurs.
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NEUTRALIZE‐ To alter an acidic or basic compound to a pH of 7, thereby making it
chemically neutral.
ODOR THRESHOLD ‐ The minimum concentration of a substance at which a majority
of test subjects can detect and identify the substanceʹs characteristic odor.
ORGANIC MATERIALS‐ Any chemical compound containing carbon.
OXIDIZER ‐ Is a substance that gives up oxygen easily to stimulate combustion of
organic material. A chemical that initiates or promotes combustion in other materials,
thereby causing fire either of itself or through the release of oxygen or other gases.
PATHOGENIC ORGANISMS‐ Organisms capable of causing disease, either directly
(by infecting) or indirectly (by producing a toxin that causes illness)
PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT (PEL) ‐ An exposure, inhalation or dermal
permissible exposure limit specified in 8 CCR §5155. PELs may be either a time‐weighted
average (TWA) exposure limit (8‐hour), a 15‐minute short‐term limit (STEL), or a ceiling
(C).
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT ‐ Any devices or clothing worn by the worker
to protect against hazards in the environment. Examples are respirators, gloves, and
chemical splash goggles.
PHYSICAL HAZARD ‐ A chemical for which there is scientifically valid evidence that it
is a combustible liquid, a compressed gas, explosive, flammable, an organic peroxide, an
oxidizer, pyrophoric, unstable (reactive), or water‐reactive.
Poison: Any substance which is harmful to living tissue when applied in small doses.
The determining factors include: concentration, exposure time, particle size, the
substance’s affinity for tissue, and sensitivity of the exposed tissue to the substance.
PRIONS‐ Virus‐like proteinaceous infectious agents. Prions differ from viruses in that
they are not known to contain either DNA or RNA.
PROTOZOA‐ Nucleated microorganisms, some of which are large enough to be
detected with the naked eye. Sizes range from .01 to 200 microns.
PYROPHORIC MATERIAL‐ Any solid or liquid that has the property of spontaneous
ignition in air. A chemical that will spontaneously ignite in the air at a temperature of
130°F (54.4°C) or below.
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REACTIVITY ‐ A substanceʹs susceptibility to undergoing a chemical reaction or change
that may result in dangerous side effects, such as explosion, burning, and corrosive or
toxic emissions. The conditions that cause the reaction, such as heat, other chemicals, and
dropping, will usually be specified as ʺConditions to Avoidʺ when a chemicalʹs reactivity
is discussed on an SDS.
RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNIQUES‐ Procedures which transfer genetic material
between organisms or species.
RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LIMIT (REL) ‐ NIOSH maximum recommended
concentration to which workers can be exposed for time‐weighted average (TWA) for up
to a 10‐hour work day during a 4‐hour work week. The recommendations are proposed
for adoption as PELs by OSHA.
REPRODUCTIVE TOXINS ‐ Chemicals which negatively affect the reproductive
capabilities including fertility, chromosomal damage (mutagenesis), and effects on
fetuses (teratogenesis).
RESPIRATOR ‐ A device which is designed to protect the wearer from inhaling harmful
contaminants.
RESPIRATORY HAZARD ‐ A particular concentration of an airborne contaminant that,
when it enters the body by way of the respiratory system or by being breathed into the
lungs, results in some body function impairment.
RICKETTSIAS‐ Microorganisms which are often carried by arthropod vectors, and
which may infect humans and other mammals. Generally smaller than other bacteria,
they require living cells for growth.
SAFETY DATA SHEET (SDS) ‐ Written or printed material concerning a hazardous
chemical which are produced by chemical manufacturers and importers. They relay
chemical information about specific chemicals.
SANITIZATION‐ Reduction of microbiological load on objects and surfaces to a safe
level.
SATELLITE ACCUMULATION AREA (SAA) ‐ Places where wastes are generated in
the industrial process or the laboratory and where those wastes must initially accumulate
prior to removal to a central area.
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SELECT CARCINOGENS ‐ Any substance which meets one of the following:
1. It is regulated by OSHA as a carcinogen.
2. It is listed under the category, ʺknown to be carcinogens,ʺ in the Annual Report on
Carcinogens published by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) (latest edition).
3. It is listed under Group 1 (ʺcarcinogen to humansʺ) by the International Agency
for Research on Cancer Monographs (IARC)(latest editions).
4. It is listed in either Group 2A or 2B by IARC or under the category, ʺreasonably
anticipated to be carcinogensʺ by NTP, and causes statistically significant tumor
incidence in experimental animals in accordance with any of the following
criteria:
a. After inhalation exposure of 6‐7 hours per day, 5 days per week, for a
significant portion of a lifetime to dosages of less than 10 mg/m3;
b. After repeated skin application of less than 300 mg/kg of body weight per
week; or
c. After oral dosages of less than 50 mg/kg of body weight per day.
SENSITIZER ‐ A substance that may cause no reaction in a person during initial
exposures, but afterwards, further exposures will cause an allergic response to the
substance.
SERIOUS INJURY OR ILLNESS ‐ Any injury or illness occurring in a place of
employment or in connection with any employment which requires inpatient
hospitalization for a period in excess of 24 hours for other than medical observation or in
which an employee suffers a loss of any member of the body or suffers any serious degree
of permanent disfigurement, but does not include any injury or illness or death caused
by a Penal Code violation, except the violation of Section 385 of the Penal Code, or an
accident on a public street or highway.
SHARPS‐ Sharp objects such as needles, scalpel blades, broken glass, Pasteur pipettes
or any other object that can penetrate skin.
SHORT‐TERM EXPOSURE LIMIT (STEL) ‐ Represented as STEL or TLV‐STEL, this is
the maximum concentration to which workers can be exposed for a short period of time
(15 minutes) for only four times throughout the day with at least one hour between
exposures. Also the daily TLV‐TWA must not be exceeded.
SOLVENT ‐ A substance, commonly water, but in industry often an organic compound,
which dissolves another substance.
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SPORE, BACTERIAL‐ A bacterial spore is a resistant body formed as part of the life
cycle of some bacteria. Bacterial spores are able to withstand severe environmental
conditions (e.g., heat, drying, and chemicals) for many years. When conditions are
favorable, spores germinate into vegetative bacterial cells capable of replication.
SPORICIDE‐ An agent that destroys bacterial and fungal spores.
STERILIZATION‐ Use of physical or chemical means to bring about the total
destruction of all viable microbes, including resistant bacterial spores.
TERATPOGENS‐ Chemical and physical agents that interfere with normal embryonic
development. Teratogens may produce congenital malformations or death of the fetus
without causing damage to the pregnant female.
THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUE (TLV) ‐ Airborne concentration of substances devised by
the ACGIH that represents conditions under which it is believed that nearly all workers
may be exposed day after day with no adverse effect. TLVs are advisory exposure
guidelines (not legal standards) that are based on evidence from industrial experience,
animal studies, or human studies when they exist. There are three different types of TLVs:
Time‐Weighted Average (TLV‐TWA), Short‐Term Exposure Limit (TLV‐STEL), and
Ceiling (TLV‐C). (See also PEL).
TINCTURE OF IODINE‐ A germicidal solution of iodine in aqueous alcohol, used
primarily as antiseptics on skin and tissue.
TOXIC‐ Any chemical that falls into either of the following categories
A chemical that has a median Lethal Dose (LD50) of more than 200 mg but not
more than 1000mg per kilogram of body weight when administered by
continuous contact for 24 hours (or less if death occurs within 24 hours) with the
bare skin of albino rabbits weighing between 2 and 3 kilograms each.
A chemical that has a median Lethal Concentration (LC50) in air of more than 200
parts per million by volume of gas or vapor, or more than 2 mg per liter of mist,
fume, or dust when administered but continuous inhalation for one hour (or less,
if death occurs within one hour) to albino rats weighing between 200 and 300
grams each.
ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT‐ Radiation in the electromagnetic spectrum with a wavelength
from 200 to 300 Angstroms.
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VAPOR ‐ The gaseous form of substances which are normally in the liquid or solid state
(at normal room temperature and pressure). Vapors evaporate into the air from liquids
such as solvents. Solvents with lower boiling points will evaporate faster.
VECTOR‐ An agent, such as an insect, that can carry a disease‐producing organism
from one host to another.
VEGETATIVE FORM in bacteria, a stage of active growth, as opposed to a resting state
or spore formation.
VIABLE‐ Able to grow and multiply.
VIRUCIDE‐ An agent that destroys or inactivates viruses.
VIRUS‐ A microorganism, ranging in size from .01 to .25 microns (10 ‐ 250 nanometers),
that can reproduce only within living cells.
VIRULENCE‐ The disease‐producing power of a microorganism.
VOLATILITY‐ The tendency of a liquid or solid to pass into the vapor state at a
particular temperature.
WATER REACTIVE‐ A chemical that reacts with water to release a gas that is either
flammable or presents a health hazard.
ZOONOSIS‐ A disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans.
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LIST OF ACRONYMS
ACGIH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists
ACS: American Chemical Society
AL: Action Level
APLU: Association of Public & Land‐Grant Institutions
BSC: Biological Safety Cabinet
BUA: Biological Use Authorization
CFR: Code of Federal Regulations
CHO: Chemical Hygiene Officer
CHP: Chemical Hygiene Plan
CIS: Chemical Inventory System
DOT: Department of Transportation
EPA: Environmental Protection Agency
FM: Facilities Management
FR: Flame‐resistant
IBC: Institutional Biosafety Committee
IDLH: Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health
IUPAC: International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
JSA: Job Safety Analysis
LHAT: Laboratory Hazard Assessment Tool
LMS: Learning Management System
LSP: Laboratory Safety Plan
NIOSH: National Institute of Occupational Safety & Health
NFPA: National Fire Protection Association
NTP: National Toxicology Program
OSHA: Occupational Safety & Health Administration
PEL: Permissible Exposure Limit
PFC: Peroxide‐forming Chemical
PHS: Particularly Hazardous Substance
PI: Principal Investigator
PPE: Personal Protective Equipment
Ppm: Abbreviation for parts per million, used to describe concentrations in liquids or
gases, e.g., 10,000 ppm is approximately equivalent to 10 g/liter or a 1% W/V solution.
Psi: Abbreviation for pounds per square inch, a unit of pressure equal to the pressure
exerted on an area of one square inch. 1 psi = 7.03 x 10‐2 kilograms per square
centimeter. RCRA: Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
QAC: Qualified Applicator Certificate
QAL: Qualified Applicator License
REL: Recommended Exposure Limit
RSC: Radiation Safety Committee
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SAA: Satellite Accumulation Area
SDS: Safety Data Sheet
SIT: Safety Inspection Tool
SOP: Standard Operating Procedure
STEL: Short‐term Exposure Limit
STOT: Specific Target Organ Toxicity
TLV: Threshold Limit Value
TWA: Time‐Weighted Average
WHO: World Health Organization
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Standard Operating Procedure #900
General Laboratory Accidents
Purpose: The purpose of this standard operating procedure is to inform the reader of the
appropriate steps to take in the event of a general laboratory accident.
Instructions:
1. Assess the situation. Take note of any physical injury and/or hazardous materials
present such as spilled chemicals, broken glassware, or electrical wiring.
2. If necessary, immediately remove yourself, employees, students, and visitors from
the laboratory in question while contacting Baton Rouge Emergency Medical
Services. In an emergency, dial 911.
3. If necessary, evacuate the building and contact the Office of Health & Safety at
(225) 768‐1755.
4. If the situation does not require emergency personnel and/or evacuation, assess all
individuals present to determine if non‐emergent medical treatment is necessary.
If medical treatment is necessary for any individual present, direct the individual
in question to their physician or the nearest medical clinic.
5. Contact the Office of Health & Safety to initiate lock out/tag out procedures if
necessary.
6. With the exception of dangerous electrical wiring, clean and remove any
hazardous materials present. Immediately contact the Office of Health & Safety for
assistance with moving heavy objects or handling electrical wiring.
7. File a Quantros report on the FMOLU online portal. For questions about filing
Quantros reports, contact the Office of Health & Safety at the phone number listed
in step 3.
8. Refer to additional SOPs in the FMOLU CHP and contact the appointed CHO as
necessary.
Responsibility:
Director of Health & Safety
Chemical Hygiene Officer
Academic Program Directors
Laboratory Faculty & Staff
Revision History:
0.1: New, 12/13/2014, 0.2: Rev. 1 Name/Logo Change, 11/23/2016
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Standard Operating Procedure #901
Large Chemical Spills
Purpose: The purpose of this standard operating procedure is to inform the reader of the
appropriate steps to take in the event of a large chemical spill.
Laboratory Faculty, Instructors, and Staff Members conducting class and/or independent research
are responsible for immediate response to chemical spills. In instances where more extensive
equipment or technical assistance is required, call 911 and notify the University Receptionist at
768‐1700. Clean Harbors also has a FREE emergency response team to respond to spills or
contamination accidents. Call: 1‐(800)‐OIL‐TANK.
Instructions:
1. Evacuate all personnel from the laboratory and, if necessary, the building.
2. Turn on all fume hoods while exiting if possible.
3. If flammable liquids are spilt, disconnect the electricity to sources of ignition if
possible.
4. Consult the chemical’s SDS for information on cleaning up the spill.
5. If extensive technical assistance is required, do not attempt to clean up the spill.
Call Clean Harbors at 1‐(800)‐OIL‐TANK, shut the laboratory doors, and remain
outside of the laboratory until the spill has been cleared by Clean Harbors.
6. Contact 911 if necessary.
7. File a Quantros report on the FMOLU online portal. For questions about filing
Quantros reports, contact the Office of Health & Safety at (225) 768‐1755.
8. Refer to additional SOPs in the FMOLU CHP and contact the appointed CHO.
Responsibility:
Director of Health & Safety
Chemical Hygiene Officer
Academic Program Directors
Laboratory Faculty & Staff
Revision History:
0.1: New, 12/13/2014, 0.2: Rev. 1 Name/Logo Change, 11/23/2016
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Standard Operating Procedure #902
Small Chemical Spills & Splashes
Purpose: The purpose of this standard operating procedure is to inform the reader of the
appropriate steps to take in the event of a splash or a small chemical spill.
Laboratory Faculty, Instructors, and Staff Members conducting class and/or independent research
are responsible for immediate response to chemical splashes or spills. In instances where more
extensive equipment or technical assistance is required, call 911 and notify the University
Receptionist at 768‐1700. Clean Harbors also has a FREE emergency response team to respond to
spills or contamination accidents. Call: 1‐(800)‐OIL‐TANK.
Instructions:
1. Notify all individuals in the immediate area that a small chemical splash or spill
has occurred.
2. Assess the situation. If the situation does not require emergency personnel and/or
evacuation, assess all individuals present to determine if non‐emergent medical
treatment is necessary. If medical treatment is necessary for any individual
present, direct the individual in question to their physician or the nearest medical
clinic. Contact 911 if necessary.
3. If flammable liquids are spilt, disconnect the electricity to sources of ignition.
4. Consult the chemical’s SDS for information on cleaning up the splash or spill.
Follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for cleaning the area. Dispose of all
chemicals and supplies as per OSHA and EPA recommendations. Contact the
appointed CHO for assistance if necessary.
5. File a Quantros report on the FMOLU online portal if necessary. For questions
about filing Quantros reports, contact the Office of Health & Safety at (225) 768‐
1755.
6. Refer to additional SOPs in the FMOLU CHP as necessary.
Responsibility:
Director of Health & Safety
Chemical Hygiene Officer
Academic Program Directors
Laboratory Faculty & Staff
Revision History:
0.1: New, 12/13/2014, 0.2: Rev. 1 Name/Logo Change, 11/23/2016
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Standard Operating Procedure #903
Flammable & Toxic Liquid Spills
Purpose: The purpose of this standard operating procedure is to inform the reader of the
appropriate steps to take in the event of a flammable and/or toxic liquid spill.
Laboratory Faculty, Instructors, and Staff Members conducting class and/or independent research
are responsible for immediate response to chemical splashes or spills. In instances where more
extensive equipment or technical assistance is required, call 911 and notify the University
Receptionist at 768‐1700. Clean Harbors also has a FREE emergency response team to respond to
spills or contamination accidents. Call: 1‐(800)‐OIL‐TANK.
Instructions:
1. Immediately shut off all potential ignition sources.
2. If a fire occurs, alert everyone present and extinguish all flames. If the fire cannot
be immediately controlled, pull the nearest fire alarm, evacuate the building, call
911, and then call the Office of Health & Safety at (225) 768‐1755.
3. Consult the chemical’s SDS for information on cleaning up the splash or spill.
Follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for cleaning the area. Dispose of all
chemicals and supplies as per OSHA and EPA recommendations. Manufacturer
recommendations for flammable spills generally include pouring an adsorbent
material around the perimeter of the spill and then covering the rest of the material
while wearing PPE applicable to the chemical in question.
4. Contact the appointed CHO for assistance if necessary.
5. File a Quantros report on the FMOLU online portal if necessary. For questions
about filing Quantros reports, contact the Office of Health & Safety at (225) 768‐
1755.
6. Refer to additional SOPs in the FMOLU CHP as necessary.
Responsibility:
Director of Health & Safety
Chemical Hygiene Officer
Academic Program Directors
Laboratory Faculty & Staff
Revision History:
0.1: New, 12/13/2014, Rev. 1 Name/Logo Change, 11/23/2016
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Standard Operating Procedure #904
Corrosive Liquid Spills
Purpose: The purpose of this standard operating procedure is to inform the reader of the
appropriate steps to take in the event of a corrosive liquid spill.
Laboratory Faculty, Instructors, and Staff Members conducting class and/or independent research
are responsible for immediate response to chemical splashes or spills. In instances where more
extensive equipment or technical assistance is required, call 911 and notify the University
Receptionist at 768‐1700. Clean Harbors also has a FREE emergency response team to respond to
spills or contamination accidents. Call: 1‐(800)‐OIL‐TANK.
Instructions:
1. Do not attempt to clean large, concentrated corrosive spills. Contact the appointed
CHO or a representative from the chemistry department for assistance.
2. Consult the chemical’s SDS for information on cleaning up small, dilute corrosive
splashes or spills. Follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for cleaning the
area. Dispose of all chemicals and supplies as per OSHA and EPA
recommendations. Manufacturer recommendations for corrosive spills generally
include the following:
a. Wear PPE applicable to the chemical in question.
b. Pour the required neutralizing material around the perimeter of the spill,
and then carefully add water and more neutralizing material to the
contained area. Carefully agitate to promote neutralization.
c. Use pH paper to verify that all contaminated areas are neutralized and safe
to wipe up.
3. Contact the appointed CHO for assistance if necessary.
4. File a Quantros report on the FMOLU online portal if necessary. For questions
about filing Quantros reports, contact the Office of Health & Safety at (225) 768‐
1755.
5. Refer to additional SOPs in the FMOLU CHP as necessary.
Responsibility:
Director of Health & Safety
Chemical Hygiene Officer
Academic Program Directors
Laboratory Faculty & Staff
Revision History:
0.1: New, 12/13/2014, Rev. 1 Name/Logo Change, 11/23/2016
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Standard Operating Procedure #905
Corrosive Solid Spills
Purpose: The purpose of this standard operating procedure is to inform the reader of the
appropriate steps to take in the event of a corrosive solid spill.
Laboratory Faculty, Instructors, and Staff Members conducting class and/or independent research
are responsible for immediate response to chemical splashes or spills. In instances where more
extensive equipment or technical assistance is required, call 911 and notify the University
Receptionist at 768‐1700. Clean Harbors also has a FREE emergency response team to respond to
spills or contamination accidents. Call: 1‐(800)‐OIL‐TANK.
Instructions:
1. Do not attempt to clean large, concentrated corrosive spills. Contact the appointed
CHO for assistance.
2. Consult the chemical’s SDS for information on cleaning up small corrosive spills.
Follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for cleaning the area. Dispose of all
chemicals and supplies as per OSHA and EPA recommendations. Manufacturer
recommendations for corrosive solid spills generally include the following:
a. Wear PPE applicable to the chemical in question.
b. Clean the spill mechanically with a dustpan and a brush.
c. For spills containing fine dusts, an air‐purifying respirator with dust filters
are required to clean the spill. Contact the appointed CHO for access to a
respirator if your laboratory does not have one immediately on hand.
3. Contact the appointed CHO for assistance if necessary.
4. File a Quantros report on the FMOLU online portal if necessary. For questions
about filing Quantros reports, contact the Office of Health & Safety at (225) 768‐
1755.
5. Refer to additional SOPs in the FMOLU CHP as necessary.
Responsibility:
Director of Health & Safety
Chemical Hygiene Officer
Academic Program Directors
Laboratory Faculty & Staff
Revision History:
0.1: New, 12/13/2014, Rev. 1 Name/Logo Change, 11/23/2016
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Standard Operating Procedure #906
Toxic Solid Spills
Purpose: The purpose of this standard operating procedure is to inform the reader of the
appropriate steps to take in the event of a toxic solid spill.
Laboratory Faculty, Instructors, and Staff Members conducting class and/or independent research
are responsible for immediate response to chemical splashes or spills. In instances where more
extensive equipment or technical assistance is required, call 911 and notify the University
Receptionist at 768‐1700. Clean Harbors also has a FREE emergency response team to respond to
spills or contamination accidents. Call: 1‐(800)‐OIL‐TANK.
Instructions:
1. Avoid disturbing such solids which may release toxic dusts. Contact the appointed
CHO for assistance.
2. Consult the chemical’s SDS for information on cleaning up small toxic solid spills.
Follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for cleaning the area. Dispose of all
chemicals and supplies as per OSHA and EPA recommendations. Manufacturer
recommendations for toxic solid spills generally include wearing PPE applicable to
the chemical in question and cleaning the spill mechanically with a dustpan and a
brush if possible. Contact the appointed CHO for access to a respirator if your
laboratory does not have one immediately on hand.
3. Contact the appointed CHO for assistance if necessary.
4. File a Quantros report on the FMOLU online portal if necessary. For questions
about filing Quantros reports, contact the Office of Health & Safety at (225) 768‐
1755.
5. Refer to additional SOPs in the FMOLU CHP as necessary.
Responsibility:
Director of Health & Safety
Chemical Hygiene Officer
Academic Program Directors
Laboratory Faculty & Staff
Revision History:
0.1: New, 12/13/2014, Rev. 1 Name/Logo Change, 11/23/2016
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Standard Operating Procedure #907
Gas Leaks
Purpose: The purpose of this standard operating procedure is to inform the reader of the
appropriate steps to take in the event of a gas leak.
Laboratory Faculty, Instructors, and Staff Members conducting class and/or independent research
are responsible for immediate response to gas leaks. In instances where more extensive equipment
or technical assistance is required, call 911 and notify the University Receptionist at 768‐1700.
Clean Harbors also has a FREE emergency response team to respond to spills or contamination
accidents. Call: 1‐(800)‐OIL‐TANK.
Instructions:
1. If possible, immediately correct the gas leak at the source. A complete chemical
resistant suit and a self‐contained breathing apparatus are required in the event of
a corrosive and/or harmful gas leak.
2. If the source is not accessible, immediately evacuate the laboratory and the
building. Turn on all fume hoods while exiting if possible. Contact Clean Harbors
at 1‐(800)‐OIL‐TANK, contact the Office of Health & Safety at (225) 768‐1755, and
contact the appointed CHO.
3. File a Quantros report on the FMOLU online portal if necessary. For questions
about filing Quantros reports, contact the Office of Health & Safety at (225) 768‐
1755.
4. Refer to additional SOPs in the FMOLU CHP as necessary.
Responsibility:
Director of Health & Safety
Chemical Hygiene Officer
Academic Program Directors
Laboratory Faculty & Staff
Revision History:
0.1: New, 12/13/2014, Rev. 1 Name/Logo Change, 11/23/2016
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Standard Operating Procedure #908
Mercury Spills & Splashes
Purpose: The purpose of this standard operating procedure is to inform the reader of the
appropriate steps to take in the event of a mercury spill or splash.
Laboratory Faculty, Instructors, and Staff Members conducting class and/or independent research
are responsible for immediate response to chemical splashes and spills. In instances where more
extensive equipment or technical assistance is required, call 911 and notify the University
Receptionist at 768‐1700. Clean Harbors also has a FREE emergency response team to respond to
spills or contamination accidents. Call: 1‐(800)‐OIL‐TANK.
Instructions:
1. If a small mercury spill or splash has occurred, immediately retrieve the mercury
spill kit from your laboratory and clean the spill or splash according to the kit’s
directions. Note: All laboratories that use mercury are required to have a mercury
spill kit. Contact the CHO to report the spill once it has been successfully cleaned.
2. Dispose of all chemicals and supplies as per OSHA and EPA recommendations.
3. Do not attempt to clean up a large mercury spill. Contact the appointed CHO for
further assistance.
4. File a Quantros report on the FMOLU online portal. A Quantros report is
mandatory for mercury spills and splashes. For questions about filing Quantros
reports, contact the Office of Health & Safety at (225) 768‐1755.
5. Refer to additional SOPs in the FMOLU CHP as necessary.
6. All laboratories on campus are required to replace mercury‐based chemicals and
equipment with safer alternatives when possible. The Safety Committee will
review the incident with the appointed CHO and, if necessary, a representative
from the chemistry department. If possible, recommendations for alternative
chemicals and equipment will be made by the committee and consulting chemist.
Responsibility:
Director of Health & Safety
Chemical Hygiene Officer
Academic Program Directors
Laboratory Faculty & Staff
Revision History:
0.1: New, 12/13/2014, Rev. 1 Name/Logo Change, 11/23/2016
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The following Standard Operating Procedures are applicable to all laboratories in
Franciscan Missionaries of Our Lady University:
a. SOPs on Laboratory Incident Reporting
An Incident Report Form shall be completed by the Faculty, Instructor, or Staff Member
in charge of the laboratory for any injury, exposure to chemical or biological hazard,
incident, or unusual occurrence involving a student, employee, or visitor in the
laboratory.
b. SOPs on Chemical Spills
Flammable and Toxic Liquids:
If you can do so without putting yourself at risk, immediately shut off all potential
ignition sources
If fire occurs, alert everyone present and extinguish all flames. If the fire cannot be
controlled, immediately pull the nearest fire alarm.
If no flames are evident, pour adsorbent around the perimeter of the spill and then
cover the rest of the material. Wear an appropriate respirator if toxic vapors are
emitted.
Wear gloves resistant to the chemical being handled. Using a plastic utensil, scoop
up the absorbed spill, place it in a plastic bag, seal it, and place in a labeled
container.
Corrosive Liquids:
Alert everyone present. If vapors are being emitted, clear the area.
Do not attempt to wipe up a corrosive liquid unless it is very dilute.
Gloves, boots, apron and eye protection must be used when neutralizing an
extensive corrosive spill. Respiratory protection is required if the liquid releases
corrosive vapor or gas.
Pour the required neutralizing or adsorbing material around the perimeter of the
spill, and then carefully add water and more neutralizing material to the contained
area. Carefully agitate to promote neutralization.
Use pH paper to verify that all contaminated areas are neutralized and are safe to
wipe up.
If an adsorbent is used instead of a neutralizer, scoop up the absorbed spill, place it
in a plastic bag, seal it, and then place in a labeled box. If neutralized material
contains no toxic heavy metals, flush down the drain with plenty of water.
Corrosive Solids:
Small spills can be cleaned up mechanically with a dustpan and brush. Larger spills
should be cleaned up using a HEPA (high‐efficiency articulate) filter vacuum. For spills
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containing fine dusts, an air‐purifying respirator with dust filters is recommended, as are
gloves, protective goggles, and a lab coat.
Toxic Solids:
Avoid disturbing solids that may release toxic dusts. Wet the material thoroughly, then
place it in a plastic bag and label it appropriately. If wet removal is not possible, a
vacuum equipped with a HEPA filter is required.
Gases:
In the event of the release of a corrosive gas or gases that are absorbed through the skin, a
complete chemical resistant suit and a self‐contained breathing apparatus are required.
There is not practical means of absorbing or neutralizing a gas ‐ the leak must be
corrected at the source.
Mercury:
If a small amount of mercury is spilled, use an aspirator bulb or a mercury sponge to pick
up droplets, place the mercury in a container, cover with water, seal it, and label the
bottle appropriately. To clean up the residual micro‐droplets that may have worked into
cracks and other hard‐to‐clean areas, sprinkle sulphur powder or other commercially
available product for mercury decontamination. Leave the material for several hours and
sweep up solid into a plastic bag, seal it, and label it appropriately.
If a large spill of mercury is involved, the area should be closed off, and a mercury
respirator worn during the clean‐up.
Contact Clean Harbors for monitoring of mercury air concentrations and for assistance
with cleanup at 1‐800‐OIL‐TANK.
c. Special Categories
It is not within the scope of this manual to list procedures for all possible categories of
chemicals. For further information on responses to other categories, consult the
chemical’s SDS or contact Clean Harbors.
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Standard Operating Procedure #909
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Personal protective equipment (PPE) is a critical control measure to help prevent
exposure to dangerous substances in the laboratory. The following PPE shall be used in
all laboratories at Franciscan Missionaries of Our Lady University:
1. Eye protection: Students are required to have their own safety glasses. Safety
glasses for visitors shall be kept in storage cabinets. All persons in the laboratory
(including visitors) are required to wear safety glasses.
2. Appropriate gloves when skin contact with chemicals or other dangerous
substances is possible.
3. Lab coats shall be worn by anyone performing work in the laboratory.
4. Contact lenses shall not be worn even in combination with safety glasses by
anyone performing work in the laboratory.
5. Shoes are required in the laboratory. Sandals, flip‐flops, crocks, and open‐toe shoes
are prohibited.
6. Loose clothing such as ties or scarves shall be removed while in the laboratory.
7. Long hair shall be secured back and off the shoulders.
a. Gloves
Selection and Applicability:
Anyone performing work in the laboratory shall wear appropriate gloves under the
following conditions:
Whenever corrosive or toxic substances are in use.
Whenever protection is needed against chemicals that pose any other hazard.
Whenever working in the microbiology laboratory
Whenever it is necessary to handle rough or sharp objects.
Whenever it is necessary to handle very hot or very cold objects.
Glove Selection:
Appropriate glove selection is dependent on the chemical resistance/permeability of the
glove material to each chemical. Laboratory instructors shall ensure that appropriate
gloves are available, selected, and used according to the following guidelines:
Type of glove material
Manufacturer
Thickness
Temperature
Composition and concentration of the chemicals.
The performance of glove barrier materials against chemicals should be evaluated
on a substance‐by substance basis.
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The glove material should be able to withstand penetration, degradation, and
permeation from the chemical hazard. Consult a permeation chart or physical
properties chart to determine the appropriate glove material needed for an
unfamiliar chemical.
Glove Inspection and Glove Replacement:
Before each use, gloves shall be inspected for discoloration, punctures, and tears.
Defective gloves shall not be used. Laboratory instructors should replace gloves
periodically, depending on frequency of use and permeability of the substance being
handled.
Removing Gloves:
Gloves shall be removed in a manner that prevents the contact between personnel and
the outside of the contaminated glove, and prevents transfer of chemical contamination
from the work area.
Resistance of Glove Materials to Commonly Used Chemicals ___________________________________________________________
Chemical Rubber Neoprene Nitrile Vinyl
Acetone G G G F
Acrylonitrile P G ‐ F
Acetaldehyde G G E G
Acetic Acid E E E E
Ammonium Hydrochloride G E E E
Aniline F G E G
Benzaldehyde F F E G
Benzene P F G F
Benzyl Chloride F P G F
Bromine G G ‐ G
Butane P E ‐ P
Butyaldehyde P G ‐ G
Calcium Hypochlorite P G ‐ G
Carbon Disulfide P P G F
Carbon Tetrachloride P F G F
Chlorine G G ‐ G
Chloroacetone F E ‐ P
Chloroform P F G P
Chromic Acid P F F E
Cyclohexane F E ‐ P
Dibenzyl Ether F G ‐ P
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Dibutyl Phthalate F G ‐ P
Diethanolamine F E ‐ E
Diethyl Ether F G E P
Dimethyl Sulfide ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Ethyl Acetate F G G F
Ethylene Dichloride P F G P
Ethylene Glycol G G E E
Ethylene Trichloride P ‐ P P
Fluorine G G ‐ G
Formaldehyde G E E E
Formic Acid G E E E
Glycerol G G E E
Hexane P E ‐ P
Hydrobromic Acid G E ‐ E
Revision History:
0.1: New, 12/13/2014, Rev. 1 Name/Logo Change, 11/23/2016
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University Safety Inspection Form Building: Today’s Date: Department: Inspector’s Name:
Code* General Safety: Actions: A Housekeeping satisfactory, including no excessive
storage. S__ U__
A Aisles and exits are unobstructed. S __ U __ A Door signs list emergency contact information and
phone numbers; closest emergency room; any special hazards must be identified.
S __ U __
A Door signs have current information (updated at a minimum in yearly intervals).
S __ U __
A All materials are securely stored on a stable platform to prevent sliding, collapse, falls or spills.
S__ U __
A Ceiling tiles are in place. S __ U __ L Glass bottles, if stored on the floor, are protected from
breakage. S __ U __
L
All food and beverage items, containers and utensils are stored and used in an officially designated area that is separate from the laboratory work area and laboratory refrigerators.
S __ U __
L Refrigerator, freezer log is completed daily. S __ U __ L Action documented for out of range temperature S__ U __ L Sharps disposal containers are present for the proper
disposal of laboratory sharps and no more than 75% full.
S __ U __
L Glassware disposal containers are present for the proper disposal of used and/or broken glassware.
S __ U __
L Mechanical equipments are appropriately guarded. S __ U __ L Vision is unobstructed in the laboratory door windows
(needed for emergency response personnel). S __ U __
L Any equipment used in unattended operations has automatic shut-off.
S __ U __
L No laboratory equipment and chemicals are stored outside the designated laboratory areas.
S __ U __
Code* Electrical Safety Actions: A Circuits are properly loaded (only one per outlet,
including power strips). S__ U__
A Cords of all electrical equipment in good condition. S__ U__ A Cords are used properly (i.e., kept clear of aisles,
sinks and heat sources). S__ U__
A Any cut-off switches are readily accessible and properly labeled.
S__ U__
A Extension cords are used only for temporary purposes. If used, cords must be securely fastened to the floor or walls (e.g. duct-tape).
S__ U__
A Any extension cords in use are three-wired. S__ U__ A Spark-producing equipments are not used in areas
where flammable gases or liquids are used or stored (i.e., in laboratory chemical fume hoods).
S __ U__
L Electrical equipments used in wet locations (within six feet of water) are properly grounded (GFCI protected).
S __ U __
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Code* Fire Safety Actions: A All fire alarm pull stations are unobstructed and in
working order. S __ U __
A Suitable fire extinguishers are available, unobstructed, and mounted properly.
S __ U __
A Fire extinguishers pressure gauge is in normal range (green zone) and tie is not broken. Document the date checked.
S __ U __
A Fire extinguisher service date is current. S __ U __ A Any presence of obvious physical damage to the fire
extinguishers. S __ U __
A Evacuation routes/maps are posted S __ U __ A Fire exit signs are fully illuminated S __ U __ A Stairwells are accessible. Nothing stored in stairwell. S __ U __ A Nothing flammable stored near electrical panels S__ U __ L Nor more than 12 E or 1H cylinder stored in smoke
compartment S __ U __
L All compressed gas cylinders are secured in carrier, on cart or by chain.
S __ U __
L Fire blanket is available and unobstructed, with a highly visible sign indicating its location and not expired.
S __ U __
Code* Emergency/Safety Equipment Actions: A Emergency contact information (i.e., 911) is posted
near all public phones. S __ U __
A All phones have Lake Security label including the physical address of that location
S __ U __
A First aid kit is available and no expired items are found.
S__ U__
A Disaster supply bag is available and no expired items are found (including batteries).
S __ U __
A Flashlights work properly S __ U __ A Sufficient number of trash bags available to mitigate
damage to all computers in building during storms. S __ U __
A Shelter in place rooms are designated on exit rout maps mounted on walls.
S __ U __
L Eyewash is available and unobstructed, with a highly visible sign indicating its location.
S __ U __
L Safety shower is available and unobstructed, with a highly visible sign indicating its location.
S __ U __
L Eyewash and safety shower are tested weekly and documented in log.
S __ U __
L Spill clean up kits are available and stocked. S __ U __ L UV light in safety eyewear cabinet is in working
order. S __ U __
L The following personal protective equipments are available and in good condition:
laboratory coats or aprons S __ U __
safety glasses or goggles S __ U __
gloves appropriate for particular chemical or biohazard
S __ U __
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L Chemical hoods have been inspected within the last year (check inspection sticker).
S __ U __
L Chemical hoods are free from excessive storage (back baffle should be free from obstruction).
S __ U __
L Equipment maintenance is documented S __ U __
Code* Biological Safety Actions: L Laboratories have doors for access control. S __ U __ L Each laboratory contains a sink for hand
washing. S __ U __
L The laboratory is designed so that it can be easily cleaned.
S__ U__
L Bench tops are impervious to water and resistant to moderate heat and chemicals used for decontamination of work surfaces and equipment.
S __ U __
L Laboratory furniture is capable of supporting anticipated loading and uses. Chairs used in laboratory work are covered with non-fabric material that can be easily decontaminated.
S __ U __
L Biological Safety Cabinets certification is current (within the last 12 months, check certification sticker).
S __ U __
L If the laboratory has windows that open to the exterior, they are fitted with fly screens.
S __ U __ N/A
L Durable, leak-proof containers are available to transport waste to the autoclave for decontamination.
S __ U __
L Biohazard disposal containers are present for the proper disposal of biohazard materials.
S __ U __
L All containers and bags used for waste collection are closable and prominently display the international biohazard symbol.
S __ U __
L Disinfectant is available for daily work surface decontamination and spill clean up.
S __ U __
Chemical Safety Actions: A Material Safety Data Sheets are accessible or its
location is posted. S __ U __
L Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP) is available or location of the plan is posted.
S __ U __
L Refrigerator used to store flammables is designed or appropriately modified for flammable storage, or is explosion-proof.
S __ U __
L Chemical storage is in cabinets or on stable shelving.
S __ U __
L Chemicals are stored by compatibility (refer to compatibility chart if necessary).
S __ U __
L Chemicals are stored according to manufacturer’s recommendations.
S __ U __
L All contained substances are labeled with name and potential hazards.
S __ U __
L No excess flammable liquids are stored. S __ U __ L Peroxidizable chemicals are dated when opened
and tested for peroxides every six months after that.
S __ U __
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L All chemical containers are in good condition. S __ U __ L All chemical (including waste) containers are
sealed when not in immediate use (no funnels left in place).
S __ U __
L Chemical inventory is available. S __ U __ L Gas cylinders (at all times) and lecture bottles
(when in use) are fastened securely. If not in use, the metal screw-cap is attached tightly.
S __ U __
L All mercury devices (thermometer, gauges, switches, etc.) that can be replaced with a mercury-free alternative have been replaced.
S __ U __
L Mercury thermometers are not present in heated ovens.
S __ U __ N/A
L Cooling traps are used when house vacuum is utilized for aspiration, filtering, etc. of any liquids.
S __ U __
L Reagents dated when opened and expired S __ U __
Code* Radiation Safety Actions: L Contamination surveys are performed and
documented as specified in permit conditions. S __ U __
L Records of radioactive materials inventory and
use are maintained. S __ U __
L Radioactive waste receptacles are labeled and
contents are recorded. S __ U __
L Protective clothing is available and used. S __ U __ L Absorbent paper, shielding, and handling
devices are used when appropriate. S __ U __
L Radioactive material is secured when not
attended. S __ U __
*CODE A= All buildings, all departments L= All laboratory and skills areas
S= Satisfactory U= Unsatisfactory
