LABORATORY EXERCISES FOR THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Fish air bladder

Slide #100 (BV-1-181A). Nasal cavity, cow.

pseudostratified columnar epithelium with cilia and goblet cells

propria/submucosa contains glandular elements, solitary lymph nodules, and numerous blood vessels

bone

propria/ submucosa contains glandular elements

Bone

osteocytes

osteoclasts

osteoblasts

Slide #100 (BV-1-181A). Nasal cavity, cow.

Slide #153 (53a). Femur, cat.

compact bone cancellous bone located among the bone marrow.

osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts.

physeal plate = growth plate

megakaryocytes white adipose

Slide #70 (1088). Nasal cavity, cat. olfactory region of this organ

pseudostratified columnar epithelium with cilia and goblet cells

nerve

glandular elements

olfactory bulbs

lamina propria/submucosa

Cartilage and bone

nerve

DEMO SLIDE BOX 159 (1089) –Developing bones and synovial joint, kitten.

primary center of ossification

Zone of reserve (resting) cartilage—this zone appears as an area of typical hyaline cartilage. Zone of proliferative chondrocytes—characterized by chondrocytes that are arranged in rows (like stacks of coins). Zone of mature (hypertrophied) chondrocytes—in this zone, both the chondrocytes and lacunae have enlarged at the expense of the matrix, reducing it (the matrix) to thin strands. Zone of calcified chondrocytes/cartilage matrix—

Zone of erosion and ossification

Nasopharynx Slide #122 (C11-91). Soft palate, dog.

nasopharynx. PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM WITH CILIA AND GOBLET CELLS

oropharynx (i.e., oral cavity side of the soft palate) NON-KERATINIZED STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM

CCT MIXED glands

GOBLET CELLS

Slide #71 (Pf5-73/205). Trachea and esophagus, pig.

respiratory epithelium

hyaline cartilage ring

trachealis Muscle = SMOOTH MUSCLE

esophagus

Trachea

Lamina propria/submucosa containing glands

elastic fibers

adventitia

esophagus

DEMO SLIDE BOX 213 –Trachea and thyroid gland, rabbit.

basophilia to cartilage CHONDROITIN SULFATE [WHICH IS THE MAJOR COMPONENT THAT CONFERS THE BASOPHILIA – CHONDROITIN SULFATE IS A TYPE OF GAG SO OTHER GAGS MIGHT PLAY A MINOR ROLE IN CONFERING BASOPHILIA TO THE CARTILAGE MATRIX]

respiratory epithelium = PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM WITH CILIA AND GOBLET CELLS

CARTILAGE

DEMO SLIDE BOX 81 – Trachea and elastic artery, pig.

trachealis muscle.

PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM WITH CILIA AND GOBLET CELLS

“C” shaped rings of hyaline cartilage,

Plasma cells

elastic artery

companion vein

Lymph node

nerve

DEMO SLIDE BOX 81– Trachea, artery, pig.

large veins elastic arteries

nerves

Slide # 120 (Dog1-2056) – Trachea, dog.

goblet cells stain red

cartilage

goblet cell

Slide # 120

Slide #75 (Ed 904-202a). Lung, donkey.

terminal bronchioles which progress into respiratory bronchioles.

individual alveoli,

alveoli ducts alveoli sacs smaller intrapulmonary bronchi.

Slide #75(Ed 904-202a). Lung, donkey. individual alveoli, alveoli ducts and alveoli sacs.

terminal bronchioles which progress into respiratory bronchioles.

CCT bronchus

bronchus

alveolar ducts,

vein

plates of hyaline cartilage.

RESPIRATORY BRONCHIOLE IS PART OF THE RESPIRATORY

TERMINAL BRONCHIOLE IS PART OF THE AIR CONDUCTING PORTION

intrapulmonary intrapulmonary

Slide #72 (SP-1-81). Lung, sheep.

PULMONARY PLEURA = VISCERAL PLEURA = SEROSA = SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM (OR MESOTHELIUM) AND A SMALL AMOUNT OF CCT

CCT

smaller intrapulmonary bronchi.

plates of hyaline cartilage.

artery

alveolus alveolus

Slide #72(SP-1-81). Lung, sheep.

CCT

smaller intrapulmonary bronchi.

plates of hyaline cartilage.

artery vein

alveolar sacs

glands bronchiole

lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, submucosa

Goblet cell

Slide #72(SP-1-81). Lung, sheep.

terminal bronchiole

alveolar sacs

alveolus

respiratory bronchiole

Ciliated cells No goblet cells

terminal bronchiole

macrophages

alveolar sacs

Slide #72(SP-1-81). Lung, sheep.

respiratory bronchiole alveolar ducts,

alveolar sacs alveoli.

Slide #74 (C011-H-85B). Lung, dog. mildly pathologic

neutrophils, with some plasma cells and macrophages

macrophages may have phagocytized carbon particles

PULMONARY PLEURA = VISCERAL PLEURA = SEROSA = SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM (OR MESOTHELIUM) AND A SMALL AMOUNT OF CCT

Slide #74 (C011-H-85B). Lung, dog intrapulmonary bronchus, bronchiole, terminal bronchiole

DEMO SLIDE BOX 83 - Lung, horse.

intrapulmonary bronchus, bronchiole, and terminal bronchiole

alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs and alveoli.

several respiratory units (i.e., respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and sacs, and alveoli)

DEMO SLIDE BOX 83 - Lung, horse terminal bronchiole

sac

DEMO SLIDE BOX 84 – Lung, pig.

several respiratory units (i.e., respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and sacs, and alveoli)

alveolar phagocytes or macrophages (“dust cells”);

bronchus

bronchus

bronchioles intrapulmonary

DEMO SLIDE BOX 84– Lung, pig.

alveolar phagocytes or macrophages (“dust cells”)

terminal bronchiole,

Type I cell

Type II cell

alveolar sac

arteriole

alveolus

alveolar sac

alveolus

Type II cells produce surfactant that coats the type I cell’s surface and reduces surface tension for easy of breathing. Type I cells exchange gasses

alveolar phagocytes or macrophages (“dust cells”)

Slide #73 (971) - Lung, calf.

several respiratory units (i.e., respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and sacs, and alveoli)

terminal bronchiole

DEMO SLIDE BOX #207 –Lung (species unknown).

terminal bronchioles

several respiratory units (i.e., respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and sacs, and alveoli)

DEMO SLIDE BOX #152 – Lung, rabbit.

several respiratory units (i.e., respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and sacs, and alveoli)

terminal bronchioles

cartilage

Lymphoid cells

intrapulmonary bronchus,

air blood

air

blood

Air blood barrier

Slide #51 (Ck2-205B). Trachea, chicken.

no trachealis muscle is present

rings are complete in birds

Respiratory epithelium =

cartilage

TRACHEA = PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM WITH CILIA AND GOBLET CELLS

goblet cells group to form intraepithelial glands

DEMO SLIDE BOX 85 – Lung, chicken.

largest air-conducting structure present is accompanied by hyaline cartilage and is termed a primary bronchus

secondary bronchi

parabronchi

Air vesicles

Air and blood capillaries

cartilage

Air capillaries