Lab 5-Particle Sizing

8/12/2019 Lab 5-Particle Sizing

1/25

CHE 565LAB 5: PARTICLE SIZING APPARATUS

ABSTRACT

In many industrial appliati!ns a sin"l# num$#r %ill $# r#&uir#d

t! 'arat#ri(# t'# partil# si(# !) t'# p!%d#r* In many p!%d#r

'andlin" and pr!#ssin" !p#rati!ns+ partil# si(# and si(#

distri$uti!n play a ,#y r!l# in d#t#rminin" t'# $ul, pr!p#rti#s !)

t'# p!%d#r* Si#-in" is pr!$a$ly t'# #asy and #rtainly t'# m!st

p!pular m#t'!d !) si(# analysis* .ry si#-in" usin" %!-#n %ir#

si#-#s is a sampl#+ '#ap m#t'!d !) si(# analysis suita$l# )!r

partil# si(#s "r#at#r t'an /5 0m* Si#-in" "i-#s a mass

distri$uti!n and si(# ,n!%n as t'# si#-# diam#t#r* Sin# t'#

l#n"t' !) t'# partil# d!#s n!t 'ind#r its passa"# t'r!u"' t'#

si#-# ap#rtur#s+ t'# si#-# diam#t#r is d#p#nd#nt !n t'# ma1imum

%idt' and ma1imum t'i,n#ss !) t'# partil#* T'is #1p#rim#nt

d!n# t! d#t#rmin#d t'# distri$uti!n !) partil#s $y usin" si#-in"

m#t'!d* T'# si#-# must $# l#an and dry $#)!r# startin" t'#

#1p#rim#nt* 2#i"'t 344" !) sand and put its !nt! t'# si#-#*

A)t#r 5 minut#s+ t'# s'a,#r st!pp#d t'# sand partil#s l#)t !n

#a' sr##n ar# %#i"'t#d* T'# a-#ra"# sand si#-# an $#

alulat#d t'r!u"' si#-# ap#rtur#s+ dpi !) t'# sand !n #a' tray*


2/25


1.0 INTRODUCTION

Partil# si(# m#asur#m#nt is an #1tr#m#ly imp!rtant param#t#r ar!ss m!st $ran'#s !)

industry*

T'# sta$ility+ '#mial r#ati-ity+ !paity+ )l!% a$ility and mat#rial str#n"t' !) many

mat#rials ar# a))#t#d $y t'# si(# and 'arat#ristis !) t'# partil#s %it'in t'#m* G#ttin"

t'in"s ri"'t at #-#ry sta"# !) pr!duti!n+ )r!m R 7 . t'r!u"' t! manu)atur# and &uality

!ntr!l !) t'# )inis'#d pr!dut is -ital* 8al-#rn 'as a ran"# !) si(in" s!luti!ns )r!m su$9

nan!m#t#r t! millim#t#rs in si(#*

8al-#rn Instrum#nts is t'# %!rlds l#adin" suppli#r !) partil# si(# m#asur#m#nt

instrum#ntati!n* H!%#-#r+ in t'is #1p#rim#nt sr##nin" m#t'!d is t'# !n# t'at %!uld $#

l!!,#d )!r* Sr##nin" is a m#t'!d !) s#paratin" partil#s a!rdin" t! t'# si(#*

In industrial sr##nin"+ t'# s!lids ar# dr!pp#d !n !r t'r!%n a"ainst a sr##nin" sur)a#* A

sin"l# sr##n an ma,# a sin"l# s#parati!n int! t%! )rati!ns* A mat#rial pass#d t'r!u"' a

s#ri#s !) sr##ns !) di))#r#nt si(#s is s#parat#d int! si(# )rati!ns+ #1ampl# )rati!ns in

%'i' $!t' t'# ma1imum and minimum partil#s si(#s ar# ,n!%n* Sr##nin" is

!asi!nally d!n# %#t $ut mu' m!r# !mm!nly dry* !r -#ry )in# partil#s !t'#r

m#t'!ds !) s#parati!n ar# m!r# #!n!mial* 8any -ari#ti#s and typ#s !) sr##n ar#

a-aila$l# )!r di))#r#nt purp!s#s*

;n t'# !t'#r 'and+ si#-in" is pr!$a$ly t'# #asy and #rtainly t'# m!st p!pular m#t'!d !)

si(# analysis* .ry si#-in" usin" %!-#n %ir# si#-#s is a sampl#+ '#ap m#t'!d !) si(#

analysis suita$l# )!r partil# si(#s "r#at#r t'an /5 0m* Si#-in" "i-#s a mass distri$uti!n

and si(# ,n!%n as t'# si#-# diam#t#r*

8!st la$!rat!ry t#sts us# !nly a small sampl# and t'is 'as t! $# ta,#n )r!m a pr!duti!n

str#am !r )r!m an #1istin"+ st!r#d mat#rial* T'is sampl# 'as t! $# t'# r#pr#s#ntati-# !)

%'!l# mat#rial* By ta,in" many small sampl#s )r!m all parts !) t!tal %'i'+ %'#n

3


3/25


!m$in#d+ %ill r#pr#s#nt t'# t!tal %it' an a#pta$l# d#"r## !) auray* T'is m#ans t'at

all partil#s in t'# t!tal must 'a-# t'# sam# pr!$a$ility !) $#in" inlud#d in t'# )inal

sampl#*

E-#n t'!u"' %# usually assum# partil#s t! $# sp'#rial in m!st !ur alulati!ns+ t'is is

n!t n##ssarily tru# and may !ntri$ut# #rr!r in !ur #1p#rim#ntati!n and analys#s* T'#

pr#is# s'ap# !) t'# partil#s us#d


4/25


2.0 OBJECTIVES

T'# !$#ti-# !) t'is #1p#rim#nt is t! study t'# distri$uti!n !) partil#s*

3.0 THEORY

I) t'# p!%d#r mass 8 'as a si(# ran"# !nsistin" !) Npsp'#rial partil#s !) si(# d+ Np3

!) si(# d3+ and s! !n+ t'# sur)a#-!lum# si(#:

( )=

++

++=

dxd

dNdN

dNdNd

sv

pp

pp

sv

C

*****

*****

3

33

3

@

33

@

2'#n si#-in" is us#d d+ d3+Dar# r#pla#d $y a-#ra"#s !) ada#nt si#-# ap#rtur#s+ dpi+

and t'# #&uati!n $#!m#s:

( )=

pii

pidx

dC

T'#r# is n! #ntir#ly satis)at!ry %ay !) !mparin" t'# %idt' !) si(# distri$uti!n !) t%!

p!%d#rs 'a-in" di))#r#nt m#an si(#s+ n!r !) d#)inin" '!% %id# a distri$uti!n is* ;n#

us#)ul %ay is t! sp#i)y t'# r#lati-# spr#ad+ dpm+ and t'# spr#ad is !$tain#d )r!m t'#

umulati-# p#r#nta"# und#rsi(# -s* t'# si(# pl!t*

T'# spr#ad is d#)in# as:

3

F6FG/ dd

=

dpm t'# spr#ad %'#n t'# distri$uti!n is 54F )r!m t'# %'!l# ran"#*

/


5/25

4.0 PROCEDURES

* T'# si#-# trays ar# l#an#d usin" a $rus' and air #t*

3* T'# trays ar# sta,#d t!"#t'#r -#rtially %it' lar"#st ap#rtur# !n t!p and t'#

small#st ap#rtur# !n t'# $!tt!m* Sand is t'#n %#i"'t#d )!r 344 "rams*

@* T'# sand is trans)#rr#d !nt! t'# si#-#*

/* T'# si#-# s'a,#r is #nsur#d t! $# l!s#d*

5* T'# tim#r !) t'# si#-# s'a,#r is s#t )!r 5 minut#s and it is s%it'#d !n*

6* 2'#n t'# s'a,#r st!pp#d+ t'# sand partil#s l#)t !n #a' sr##n inludin" t'#

$!tt!m ar# %#i"'t#d*

* T'# distri$uti!ns !) partil#s ar# n!t#d d!%n*

* T'# si#-# trays ar# l#an#d %'#n )inis'#d*


6/25

5.0 APPARATUS

* Si#-# trays

3* Si#-# s'a,#r ma'in#

@* Brus'

/* Air #t #&uipm#nt

5* Sand

Figure 1 S!"#$e %& 'ie(e ')!*er +)!+ u'i,g &%r +)i' e-#eri"e,+

Si#-#

tr#ys

Si#-#s'a,#r

ma'in#


7/25

.0 RESU/TS

Si#-# ap#rtur#+

JmSi(# dpi+ Jm

2#i"'t Si#-#


8/25

Cu"u$!+i(e 3 U,4er'i5e (er'u' S i5e 4#i

934*44

4*44

34*44

/4*44

64*44

G4*44

44*44

34*44

4*4 54*4 44*4 54*4 344*4 354*4 @44*4 @54*4 /44*4 /54*4 544*4

4#i

2u"u$!+i(e3

d pm H I@ Jm d p G/F H 343dp 6F H G

Figure .1 6r!#) %& Cu"u$!+i(e Pere,+!ge U,er'ie Ver'u' #i


9/25

7eig)+ 3 %& S!,4 89i: (er'u' Si5e 84#i:

/63*5

@@I*5

4*4

@I*5

3*5

65*4

M4*4

335*4

94*444

4*444

4*444

34*444

@4*444

/4*444

54*444

4*4 44*4 344*4 @44*4 /44*4 544*4

4#i

9i

Figure .2 7eig)+ #ere,+!ge i, r!,ge (er'u' #i


10/25

T!$e .2 D!+! &%r H!r"%,i ;e!,

Cumulati-#

P#r#nta"#

Und#r Si(#

Harm!ni

8#an


11/25


12/25


13/25

>u!4r!+i ;e!, gr!#)

934

4

34

/4

64

G4

44

34

4*44EK44 5*44EK4/ *44EK45 *54EK45 3*44EK45 3*54EK45

>u!4r!+i ;e!, 84#2:

Cu"u$!+i(e3U,4er'i5e

Figure .4 Cu"u$!+i(e Pere,+!ge U,er'ie (er'u' >u!r!+i ;e!,


14/25

Cumulati-#

P#r#nta"#

Und#r Si(#

G#!m#tri

8#an


15/25

T!$e .5 D!+! &%r Ari+)"e+i ;e!,

Cumulati-#

P#r#nta"#

Und#r Si(#

Arit'm#ti

8#an dpi+JmAr#a

44 /63*5 *644EK4

MM*M6 @@*5 M*//EK44MM*M35 335*4 */6EK4@

5M*45 M4*4 *M4/EK4@

/*@5 65*4 3*55@EK43

/6*5 3*5 *35EK4@

3M*55 @*5 5*5EK43

94*4 4*4 4*444EK44

1.24@E?04


16/25

Ari+)"e+i ;e!, 6r!#)

934*44

4*44

34*44

/4*44

64*44

G4*44

44*44

34*44

4*4 44*4 344*4 @44*4 /44*4 544*4

4#i

Cu"u$!+i(e3

Figure . Cu"u$!+i(e #ere,+!ge u,er'ie (er'u' !ri+)"e+i "e!,

Cumulati-#

P#r#nta"#

Und#r Si(#

Cu$i 8#an


17/25

T!$e . D!+! &%r Cui ;e!,

Cui ;e!, 6r!#)

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

93*444EK4I 4*444EK44 3*444EK4I /*444EK4I 6*444EK4I G*444EK4I *444EK4G *344EK4G

Cui ;e!, 84#3:

Cu"u$!+i(e3U4er'i5e

Figure . Cu"u$!+i(e Pere,+!ge U,er'ie (er'u' Cui ;e!,


18/25

.0 SA;P/E OF CA/CU/ATIONS

r!m Ta$l# :

Si(# dpi+Jm m5*/633

/35544=

+

r!m i"ur# 6*+ t'# -alu# !) m#dian+ dpmt'# si(# !rr#sp!ndin" t! t'# 54F -alu# is @

Jm*

T'# r#lati-# spr#ad+pmd

3

F6FG/ dd

=

3

6343 =

m M@=

H#n#+ r#lati-# spr#ad m

m

I@

M@

4*5@6

r!m Ta$l# A in App#ndi1 A+ t'# typ# distri$uti!n !) t'# partil# is %id#*

r!m i"ur# /+ umulati-# p#r#nta"# und#rsi(# Qs arit'm#ti m#an +dpi

44

+

areaTotald ap =

44

M35*3/I5+ =apd

md ap I5*3/+ =

r!m i"ur# 5+ umulati-# p#r#nta"# und#rsi(# Qs 'arm!ni m#an+ dp


19/25

44

+

areaTotald hp =

44

M6II3*4+ =hpd

md hp 44M6G*4+ =

r!m i"ur# 6+ umulati-# p#r#nta"# und#rsi(# Qs "#!m#tri m#an+ L!" dp

44

+

areaTotald gp =

44

64MG6*I6+ =gpd

md gp I66*+ =

r!m i"ur# + umulati-# p#r#nta"# und#rsi(# Qs u$i m#an+ dp@

44+

areaTotald

cp =

44

IM*/55G@5MM+ =cpd

md cp M*/55G@5M+ =

r!m i"ur# + umulati-# p#r#nta"# und#rsi(# Qs &uadrati m#an+ dp3

44+

areaTotald qp =

44

G//*33M5G4+ =qpd

md qp 4*33M5G+ =


20/25

@.0 DISCUSSION

T'#r# ar# many )at!rs t'at d#t#rmin# t'# pr!$a$ility !) a partil# passin" t'r!u"' t'#

si#-# and t'#s# inlud# t'# r#lati!ns'ip !) t'# si(# !) t'# partil# and t'# m#s' !p#nin"+

t'# dir#ti!n !) m!-#m#nt and t'# !ri#ntati!n !) t'# partil# r#lati-# t! t'# )r## si#-in"

sur)a#* T'#r#)!r#+ t'# si#-# m!-#m#nt and si#-in" tim# ar# ritial #l#m#nts t! t'# #1at

and l#ar s#parati!n !) t'# indi-idual si(# )rati!ns*

i"ur# 6* in r#sults s#ti!n a$!-#+ s'!%s t'# Cumulati-# F und#rsi(# -#rsus Si(# dpi

"rap'* T'is "rap' is pl!tt#d $#aus# a pl!t !) umulati-# F und#rsi(# an !n#al

p#uliariti#s !) distri$uti!ns !r in !t'#r %!rds t'# partil# si(# distri$uti!n* Supp!s# t'#

r#sults "i-# a sm!!t' !r"i)* Sin# t'is is an #1p#rim#nt+ t'# ur-# t'at $#in" !$tain#d isn!t sm!!t' #n!u"'* E-#n t'is #1p#rim#nt is #asy t! 'and !n+ t'#r# must $# s!m# #rr!r

!ur durin" m#asurin" t'#s# partil#s* r!m t'# "rap'+ a -alu# !) m#dian+ dpm%'i'

s'!% t'# a-#ra"# si(# partil# an $# !$tain#d* T'# -alu# !) m#dian dpm!rr#sp!ndin" t!

t'# 54 F -alu# !n t'is "rap' is d#t#rmin#d %'i' is @ Jm* r!m t'# sam# "rap'+ t'#

-alu# )!r d/F and d6F ar# $!t' 343 and 6 r#sp#ti-#ly* T'#n+ t'# -alu# is us#d t!

alulat# t'# r#lati-# spr#ad


21/25

m#an !) num$#r distri$uti!n !ns#r-#s t'# num$#r and sur)a# !r !ri"inal p!pulati!n and

is ,n!%n as num$#r sur)a# m#an* r!m i"ur# 6*+ t'# &uadrati m#an "rap' s'!%

-alu# !) ar#a und#r t'# ur-# is us#d t! d#t#rmin# t'# -alu# !) dp+& is 33M5*4 Jm*

T'# ap#rtur#s !) a si#-# may $# r#"ard#d as a s#ri#s !) "au"#s %'i' r##t !r pass

partil#s as t'#y ar# pr#s#nt#d at t'# ap#rtur#* T'# pr!$a$ility t'at a partil# %ill pr#s#nt

its#l) at an ap#rtur# d#p#nds !n t'# )!ll!%in" )at!rs:

a= T'# partil#s si(# distri$uti!n !) t'# p!%d#r

$= T'# num$#r !) partil#s !n t'# si#-#


22/25


23/25

10.0 RECO;;ENDATIONS

In !rd#r t! "#t an aurat# r#sult )!r t'is #1p#rim#nt+ '#r# ar# s!m# r#!mm#ndati!ns t'at

an $# us#d*

* B#)!r# startin" t'# #1p#rim#nt+ ma,# sur# t'at t'# si#-# tray is l#an#d $y usin" a

$rus' and air #ts* S! t'at+ an aurat# m#asur#m#nt !) sand )!r #a' si#-# tray

ap#rtur# an $# !$tain#d*

3* in# m#s' t#1til# si#-#s ar# partiularly s#nsiti-# t! m#'anial str#ss and

m#'anial l#anin" %it' a sti)) $rus' %ill dama"# and dist!rt t'# m#s' and

%#a,#n its strutur#*

@* A-!id paralla1 #rr!r durin" %#i"'t t'# 344" sand and durin" %#i"'t #a' tray*/* Ti"'t#n t'# t'um$nuts until t'# #ntir# sta, is s!lidly '#ld t! t'# s'a,#r+ and

#ntr#d %it'in t'# '!ldin" $ra,#ts* T'#r#)!r# t'# s'a,#r ma'in# must $# l!s#d

pr!p#rly in !rd#r t! "#t an aurat# r#sult and t! a-!id n!isy n!is#*

5* 8a,# sur# t'at t'# si#-# s'a,#r st!pp#d $#)!r# ta,# t'# si#-#s tray t! a-!id t'#

aid#nt !urs*

6* It imp!rtant t! #nsur# t'at t'#r# ar# n! sand partil#s l#)t in t'# si#-# pan as t'is

an a))#t t'# r#sult !) #1p#rim#nt*


24/25

REFERENCES

Introduction to Particle Technology, Martin Rhodes, John Wiley and Sons,

reference page 54 !0"

Gas Fluidization Technology# $eldart" %" &ed'# 1(86# John Wiley, )e* +or"


25/25

APPENDI9 A

T!$e A 7i+) %& 'ie i'+riu+i%,' !'e %, re$!+i(e '#re!

)-./er of siees on*hich the .iddle !0

&appro' of the po*der is

fo-nd

3dp. ype of distri/-tion

1 0 ery narro*

2 0"07 )arro*

7 0"1! airly narro*

4 0"25 airly *ide

5 0"77

Wide6 0"41

! 0"48( 0"6 ery *ide

11 0"! ery *ide

917 90"8 :tre.ely *ide

Documents

Lab 5-Particle Sizing