Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
LAB 1:
different TYPES OF ROCKS
Key Question:
What kinds of rocks are
there?
IGNEOUS ROCKS
• IGNEOUS ROCKS are formed from cooled magma or lava
• We use COLOR & TEXTURE to classify the rocks
COLOR• The COLOR of a rock
depends on the rock’s mineral content
• The type of mineral the rock is made up of determines how it
is classified
LIGHT ROCKSLIGHT ROCKS
• The rock may look light or dark• Has “light” minerals
LIGHT MINERALS:QUARTZ
ORTHOCLASE FELDSPAR
DARK ROCKSDARK ROCKS
• The rock may look light or dark
• Has “dark” minerals
DARK MINERALS:
AUGITE
OLIVINE
TEXTURE• A rock’s TEXTURE is
determined by the size of the mineral crystals within the rock
• Igneous Rocks have 3 basic textures
COARSE-GRAINED• Has crystals large enough to be seen
with the naked eye
FINE-GRAINED• Has crystals that are too small to see
with the naked eye
GLASSY• Crystals are NOT visible.
• Glassy rocks can be smooth or full of bubble holes
vocabularyIgneous rock• Rock formed from cooled magma or lava
Extrusive igneous Rock• Igneous rock that forms above the Earth’s
surface from lava
Intrusive igneous rock• Igneous rock that forms below the Earth’s
surface from magma
LAB 1:
different TYPES OF ROCKS
Key Question:
What kinds of rocks are
there?
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
• SEDIMENTARY ROCKS are formed from the
compaction & cementation of sediments
• Pressure causes accumulated sediments to
harden into rock. • This process takes thousands of years.
• Sedimentary rocks are classified according to the material from which they
formed.
clastic:• Composed of different sized rock
fragments compacted together
organic:• Composed of the remains of dead
plants & animals (may include shells, skeletons & other organic matter)
chemical:• Formed from minerals that were once
dissolved in water(water evaporated & minerals became crystals)
vocabulary
Sedimentaryrock• Rock made of sediments
Sediment• Compacts together to form sedimentary
rock; created by erosion
compaction• The compressing of sediments into
sedimentary rock
erosion• Wearing away of soil, landforms & rock
by wind, gravity, moving water &
glaciers lithification• Compaction & cementation into
sedimentary rock weatheringThe breakdown of rocks by natural
processes
LAB 1:
different TYPES OF ROCKS
Key Question:
What kinds of rocks are
there?
metamorphic ROCKS
• METAMORPHIC ROCKS are formed from igneous or
sedimentary rocks that undergo lots of heat & pressure over a
long period of time
• Igneous & Sedimentary rocks deep beneath the Earth’s
surface change (morph) into metamorphic rocks because of the high temperatures &
great pressure of all the rock layers above.
• This process takes thousands of years.
2 TEXTURE TYPESNON-FOLIATED:
• No visible layering or stripes
FOLIATED:(BANDED)
• Minerals “line up” to give a striped/layered appearance
vocabulary
foliation• Mineral bands/layers in metamorphic rock
Metamorphic Rock• Rock formed from an igneous or
sedimentary rock because of heat & pressure
LAB 1:
different TYPES OF ROCKS
Key Question:
What kinds of rocks are
there?
IGNEOUS ROCKSIGNEOUS ROCKS are formed from cooled
magma or lava
An intrusive igneous rock forms from magma. As it cools slowly inside the earth
the minerals form large crystals.
An extrusive igneous rock forms from lava on the surface. These rocks cool quickly
and have tiny crystals.
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS are formed from the compaction & cementation of sediments
Weathering & erosion acts upon rocks to create sediments.
Over time layers of sediment compact & compress together to form sedimentary rock.
This process is known as lithification.
metamorphic ROCKS
METAMORPHIC ROCKS are formed from igneous or
sedimentary rocks that undergo lots of heat & pressure over a
long period of time, which causes the rock to change.
Rock CYCLE: The combination of all the
processes that act to break down rocks, move sediments, and produce new rocks.
melting
melting(A)
(B)(C)
(D)
(E)
(F)
(G)
(H)
(I)
(J)
(K)
(L)
(M)
(N)
melting(A)
(B)(C)
(D)
(E)
(F)
(G)
(H)
(I)
(J)
(K)
(L)
(M)
(N)
melting
coolingmelting
Heat & pressure
Heat & pressure
melting
Weathering & erosion
Weathering & erosion
Weathering & erosion
sediments
Sedimentary rock
igneous rock
metamorphic rock
lithification
3 groups of rocksIgneous- Forms from cooled magma or lava
Sedimentary- Made of sediments that compacted over timeMetamorphic- Forms due to heat & pressure
5 processes of the rock cycleCooling of magma or lava forms igneous rock
Weathering & Erosion of a rock forms sedimentsLithification of sediments forms sedimentary rock
Heat & Pressure on a rock creates metamorphic rockMelting of a rock forms magma
Rock CYCLE: The combination of all the processes that act to
break down rocks, move sediments, and produce new rocks.
