CHAPTER 1

Sentences

Kinds of Sentences

Declarative- statement, ends in a periodInterrogative- question, ends in a question

markImperative- command or request, ends in a

period or exclamation pointExclamatory- expresses strong emotion, ends

in an exclamation point

Look out the window

Your Turn

Write a sentence about the below picture with your group; make sure this sentence fits the kind Miss MacQuarrie tells you.

Subjects and Predicates

Simple subject- main noun or pronoun that tells whom or what the sentence is about

Simple predicate- the verb of the sentence

The brown kangaroo hopped across the field.

The brown kangaroo and its baby hopped across the field.

The brown kangaroo and its baby hopped and weaved across the field

Inverted Order

When the verb comes before the subject Question There or Here

The words there and here will never be the subject of the sentence!

Rearrange the sentence to find the correct subject and verb.

Does a kangaroo hop?

There is the kangaroo!

Your Turn

Write two subjects and two verbs.Switch subjects and verbs with another

group.Write two sentences with those subjects and

verbs.

Understood You

The subject in many imperative sentences.Do your homework!(You) do your homework!

InV vs. TrV

Intransitive verbs- action verb that does not have an object He shot first but missed.

Transitive verbs- action verb that does have an object. He shot the ball but missed the goal.

DOs and IOs

Direct object (DO)- noun or pronoun after a TrV that answers the question what? or whom? She gave a gift to her friend.

Indirect object (IO)- noun or pronoun after a TrV but before a DO that answers the question to whom? Or for whom? She gave me the gift of her love.

LVs

Linking verb- describes a state of being, not an action; links a subject with its complement Jesus is my best friend.

Be verbsTaste, seem, feel, grow, etc.Can be replaced with a be verb or an equal

sign. The chocolates taste wonderful.

5 Basic Sentence Patterns

S + InV – Cats scratch.S + TrV + DO - I can ride a horseS + TrV + IO + DO – I threw my dog the ball.S + LV + PN – My dog is Duncan.S + LV + PA- My dog is obedient most of the

time.

A shiny red bikeHave always wantedI have always wanted a shiny red bike.Although I couldn’t afford one

Phrases and Clauses

Phrase- group of words, without both a subject and verb A mother kangaroo Hopped and weaved

Clause- group of words, with both a subject and verb Because he attempted the dangerous jump He broke his leg attempting the dangerous jump.

Independent vs. Dependent Clauses

Independent clause- subject, verb, complete thought, the main clause, can stand alone as a sentence The panda bear primarily eats bamboo.

Dependent clause- subject, verb, incomplete thought, cannot stand alone as a sentence Although most bears vary their diets

SERIOUSERRORS!

Fragments

Abbreviated frag.Incomplete sentence wrongly punctuated as a

sentenceDoes NOT have these three things:

Subject Verb Complete thought

Examples

Combining Sentences

The navigator spotted an approaching ship.

He quickly warned the captain of the submarine.

Comma Splices

Abbreviated cs2 sentences joined incorrectly by only a

commaExamples?

Fused Sentences

Abbreviated fs2 sentences incorrectly joined WITHOUT any

punctuationExamples?

How to Fix?

PeriodSemicolonCombine with a comma and coordinating

conjunction FANBOY

Dependent clause

In-Class Essay

What are the three types of conflict? How are these types different? Illustrate how these types are used your literature stories. Support your points with examples from your literature stories.