La industria nuclear española (Es) / Spanish nuclear industry (Spanish) / Espainiar industri nuklearra (Es)

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    Dh Eaiustreh Aufdghr Gsphmdh

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    3;88< Bmrm ig dh Eaiustreh Aufdghr GsphmdhF/Cmex y Nmrgr, 23:;;6 Nhireiwww.bmrmaufdghr.mro

    FMMSIEAHFEA< Bmrm ig dh Eaiustreh Aufdghr Gsphmdh

    IEVGM U NHXWGYHFEA< Imnagfj g-Dghraeao Nudtengieh, V.H.

    EN[SGVEA< EAM Sgprmiuffemags V.H.

    IG[VEYM DGOHD< [H[GD SGFEFDHIM

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    [htrmfeahim pmr EFGZEastetutm Gsphmd ig Fmngrfem Gxtgremr

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    [rgsgathfea ..................................................................... 6

    Eatrmiuffea ..................................................................... 7

    Gnprgshs gdftrefhs

    GAIGVH, V.H. .......................................................................... 8; Ohs Ahturhd Bgamsh V.H. ............................................................ 83 Jf Gagroh, Orupm GI[ ................. ................... ................... ........ 89 ECGSISMDH, V.H. ................. ................... ................... ................. 82

    Fgatrhdgs aufdghrgs

    Hdnhrhz E y EE ........................................................................... 32 Hsf E y EE ................................................................................ 8: Fmbrgatgs , Ecgrirmdh V.H. ................... ................... .................. .... 33 Vhath Nhrh ig Ohrmh, Aufdgamr V.H. ................................ ......... 39 Yreddm ...................................................................................... 3: Rhaigdds EE .............................................................................. 3; Lms Fhcrgrh (prg-igsnhatgdhnegatm) .......................................... 6;

    Fmncustecdg

    Gaush Eaiustrehs Hvhazhihs V.H. ..................................................63

    Cegags ig gquepm

    Gquepms Aufdghrgs V.H. ............................................................. 69 Easthdhfemags Eahcgash V.H. ....................................................... 62 Seaom Rdvudhs V.D. .................................................................. 6: Rgftmr & _gddjghis Gaoeaggreao, V.D. ................ ................... ....... 9;

    Eaogaegrh y sgrvefems

    HCC V.H. ................... .................. ................... ................... ....... 93 Hppdus V.D.W. ............................................................................ 99

    aiefg

    Hrgvh ..................................................................................... 92 Curghu Rgreths ......................................................................... 9: FMH[VH Fmatrmd V.D. ................................................................ 7; Gnprgshrems Horuphims (GH) H.E.G. ............................................. 73 OG-Jethfje Aufdghr Gagroy Eatgrahtemahd Dti. ................................. 79 Odmchd Gagroy Vgrvefgs Vegnsh, V.H. ........................................... 72 Orupm HNV............................................................................... 7: Orupm Fmpesh............................................................................. 2; Orupm Imneaoues........................................................................ 23 Orupm Gudga.............................................................................. 29 Ecgrirmdh Eaogaegrh y Fmastruffea, V.H.W. ................................... 22 EIMN - Eaogaegrh, Hrquetgfturh y Fmasudtmrh .................. .................. 2: @magfrhags Huse V.D.W. ............................................................ ?; Ngieihs Hncegathdgs V.D. .......................................................... ?3 Fmnphh Eatgrahfemahd ig [rmtgffea,

    Eaogaegrh y Ygfamdmoh V.H.W - [SMEAVH ................... ................. ?9 VGAGS V.H. .............................................................................. ?2 Vegngas V.H. ........................................................................... ?: VMFMEA V.D.W. ......................................................................... :; Yhnmea ................. ................... ................... .................. ........... :3 YGFAHYMN V.H. ........................................................................ :9 Yfaefhs Sguaeihs V.H................................................................ :2 Rerdhc V.H. ............................................................................... :: _gsteaojmusg Gdgftref Vphea V.H.W. .............................................. 5;

    Hsmfehfemags

    Hafe, Hsmfehfea Ahfemahd ig Fmasudtmrgs Eaigpgaiegatgs ................ 53 Bmrm ig dh Eaiustreh Aufdghr Gsphmdh .......................................... 59 VGM[HA .................................................................................. 52 VGSFMCG, Hsmfehfea Gsphmdh ig Bhcrefhatgs ig Cegags ig Gquepm.. 5: WAGVH, Hsmfehfea Gsphmdh ig dh Eaiustreh Gdftrefh ......................8;;

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    [rgsgathfea

    Bmrm ig dh Eaiustreh Aufdghr Gsphmdh sg fmnpdhfg ga pucdefhr uah augvhgiefea ig gstg fhtdmom ig dh eaiustreh, fuym preafephd mclgtevm gs rgfmpedhr yprgsgathr dhs fhrhftgrstefhs ig uah eaiustreh fmasmdeihih y ga prgvesecdg frgfenegatmga dms prxenms hms. Igsig dh ifhih ig dms 2;, ga Gsphh, dh eaiustreh aufdghr jhigshrrmddhim sus fhphfeihigs y jh dmorhim nhatgagr uah pmsefea fmnpgtetevh h aevgdnuaiehd. Orhfehs h gstg gsbugrzm, ga dh hftuhdeihi, pmignms hbernhr qug dh eaiustrehaufdghr gsphmdh gst prgsgatg ga dms augvms igshrrmddms ig rghftmrgs, ga dhs daghsig eavgsteohfea ns hvhazhihs y jhfg usm ig dhs tfaefhs ns vhaouhriesths phrh ihrrgspugsth h ua ngrfhim ga frgfenegatm.

    Dhs gnprgshs qug gsta prgsgatgs ga gsth pucdefhfea tegaga ga fmna suigiefhfea h hfteveihigs igd ncetm aufdghr ga rghs fmnm dh bmrnhfea y gdgatrgahnegatm, dh fmastruffea ig orhaigs fmnpmagatgs, dh eaogaegrh, gd fefdm igd

    fmncustecdg aufdghr y dh ogstea ig dms rgseiums.

    Dh setuhfea ig dms phsgs gngrogatgs, gspgfehdngatg ga Hseh, fma retnms igfrgfenegatm igd fmasunm gagrotefm fgrfhams hd :% hauhd, jhfg agfgshrem fmastruerrghftmrgs aufdghrgs phrh shtesbhfgr phrtg ig su ignhaih. Higns ig dhs gveigatgsagfgseihigs gagrotefhs, jhy qug sunhr dh frgfegatg prgmfuphfea pmr dhsfmasgfugafehs igd fhncem fdentefm y dhs ngieihs phrh phdehr dhs gnesemags ig ohsgsig gbgftm eavgrahigrm, hs fmnm dh vhrehcedeihi ig dms prgfems ig dms fmncustecdgsbsedgs. Ga gstg fmatgxtm, dh gagroh aufdghr sg pdhatgh fmnm uah mpfea tgfamdoefh,fmnpgtetevh y smstgaecdg phrh prmiufer gdgftrefeihi y ohrhatezhr gd suneaestrm,hyuihaim h hdfhazhr dms fmnprmnesms ig @emtm.

    Ga Gsphh, dhs fgatrhdgs aufdghrgs prmiufga gd 3;% ig dh gdgftrefeihi qugfmasunenms. Dms rghftmrgs aufdghrgs ogagrha dh gdgftrefeihi ig chsg igd sestgnh, seaeatgrrupfemags, ig bmrnh rgspgtumsh fma gd ngiem hncegatg y h fmstgs eabgremrgs gafmnphrhfea fma mtrhs gagrohs. Dh fmastruffea y pmstgremr mpgrhfea ig dhsnesnhs prmpefe dh fmasmdeihfea ig dh eaiustreh aufdghr gsphmdh ga tmims dmsncetms< bhcrefhfea, eaogaegrh, fmasudtmrh y sgrvefems, qug hpugstha pmr ua buturmjhdhogm qug pgrneter am sdm dh gxphasea eatgrahfemahd ig dh eaiustreh aufdghr,seam thncea nglmrhr dh fmnpgteteveihi y sunhr vhdmr hhieim hd gatrhnhimgnprgshrehd igd phs.

    Gs ua jmamr phrh Bmrm ig dh Eaiustreh Aufdghr Gsphmdh rghdezhr gsth pucdefhfea gafmdhcmrhfea fma gd EFGZ, qug edustrh dh rghdeihi ig uah eaiustreh ga dh vhaouhriehtgfamdoefh y fma uah prgsgafeh eatgrahfemahd frgfegatg. Fmabehnms ga qug gsthpucdefhfea servh phrh prmnmvgr y ihr h fmamfgr h dhs gnprgshs eavmdufrhihs gahfteveihigs aufdghrgs.

    N Ygrgsh Imnaougz

    [rgseigath ig Bmrm ig dh Eaiustreh Aufdghr Gsphmdh

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    Dh eaiustreh aufdghr gsphmdh fmatrecuyg h dhfmnpgteteveihi ig dh gfmamnh gsphmdh.

    Vu hfteveihi sg ganhrfh ga ua ngrfhim

    eatgrahfemahd ga frgfenegatm.

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    Eatrmiuffea

    Dh smfegihi hvhazh fmasthatgngatg jhfeh ua nhymr igshrrmddm gfmanefm y smfehd. Dh odmchdezhfea jhbmngathim dhs rgdhfemags gatrg dms phsgs ig thd bmrnh qug, jmy ga ih y stg gs gd fhsm ig dh gagroh,yh am gs pmsecdg gsthcdgfgr pmdtefhs ahfemahdgs qug am tgaoha ga fugath dhs pdhatghihs pmr mtrms phsgs.

    Gd 3;% ig dh pmcdhfea nuaiehd fmasung gd :;% ig dms rgfursms gagrotefms. Fhse ua tgrfem ig dhpmcdhfea nuaiehd, uams ims ned neddmags ig pgrsmahs, am tegag hffgsm h dms sgrvefems ig trhaspmrtg ygagroh ig dms qug sg iespmag ga dms phsgs igshrrmddhims. Dh Hogafeh Eatgrahfemahd ig dh Gagroh gstenhqug ga gd nuaim dh ignhaih ig gagroh prenhreh vh h hungathr ga ua 7;% y dh ig gdgftrefeihi sg vh hiupdefhr ga dms prxenms 7; hms.

    [hrh fucrer gstg eafrgngatm ig dh ignhaih igcg prmnmvgrsg, ga dms prxenms hms, dh fmastruffea igfgatrhdgs aufdghrgs fma rghftmrgs hvhazhims, fgatrhdgs ig fhrca fma fhpturh y sgfugstrm ig gnesemagsy fgatrhdgs ig gagrohs rgamvhcdgs, phrh fmabmrnhr ua nex dm ns gquedecrhim y smstgaecdg pmsecdg.

    Ga gd nuaim jhy ns ig 99; rghftmrgs aufdghrgs ga buafemahnegatm ga 6; phsgs, fma uah pmtgafeheasthdhih ig uams 6?; O_, qug supmag gd 8;% igd tmthd igd phrqug ig ogagrhfea gdftrefh nuaiehd.Ogagrha hprmxenhihngatg uams 32;; Y_j fhih hm, gs igfer, fucrga ga ua 8?% dh ignhaih nuaiehdig gdgftrefeihi.

    Higns, gxestg uah fdhrh hpugsth pmr dh gagroh aufdghr0 ga dh hftuhdeihi, jhy ns ig 27 rghftmrgs ga

    fmastruffea ga 87 phsgs, mtrms 5; gsta pdhaebefhims, gs igfer, prmorhnhims y fma dh beahafehfeafmnprmngteih, y mtrms 3;; ns ga bhsg ig prmpugsth. Gstm supmag qug, ga dms prxenms 37-6; hms, gdphrqug aufdghr nuaiehd vh h hungathr ig bmrnh gspgfthfudhr, fmatrecuygaim h qug pugiha shtesbhfgrsgdms rgtms ig smstgaecedeihi hncegathd, ohrhath ig suneaestrm y fmnpgteteveihi ga dh prmiuffea iggdgftrefeihi.

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    Ga Gsphh, gd phrqug aufdghr, fmnpugstm pmr mfjm rghftmrgs ga sges gnpdhzhnegatms iesteatms,prmpmrfemah hprmxenhihngatg gd 3;% ig dh gdgftrefeihi fmasuneih ga gd phs, fma ngams igd :% igdtmthd ig dh pmtgafeh easthdhih ga gd phrqug ig ogagrhfea gdftrefh ahfemahd.

    Dhs fgatrhdgs aufdghrgs gsphmdhs hfunudha ns ig 37; hms ig gxpgregafeh mpgrhtevh, buafemahaimiurhatg dms dtenms hms fma ua fmnpmrthnegatm gxfgdgatg y mfuphaim nufjhs vgfgs dms prengrmspugstms ga dh desth ig dhs fgatrhdgs nuaiehdgs ig nglmr rgaienegatm. Vu phpgd gs easustetuecdg ga gd nexig gagrohs qug surtga gd ngrfhim gsphmd, y fmastetuyga ua rgfursm enpmrthatg ga dh dufjh fmatrh gdgbgftm eavgrahigrm y phrh dh sgoureihi ig suneaestrm.

    DH EAIWVYSEH AWFDGHS GA GV[HH

    Gsphh fmngaz h eatgrgshrsg pmr dh gagroh aufdghr h beahdgs ig dms hms fuhrgath. Ga gd hm 8578 sgfrg dh Luath ig Gagroh Aufdghr, igpgaiegatg ig dh [rgseigafeh igd Omcegram y, igspus, igd Neaestgrem

    ig Eaiustreh y Gagroh, qug jhcrh ig tgagr uah orha enpmrthafeh ga gd igshrrmddm aufdghr igd phs.Igspus igd iesfursm tmnms phrh dh [hz igd prgseigatg ig Gsthims Waeims, Iweojt I. Gesgajmwgr,ga dh Hshncdgh Ogagrhd ig Ahfemags Waeihs ga iefegncrg ig 8576, sg frg gd fdenh higfuhim phrhgstuiehr dh fmavgaegafeh ig eatrmiufer ga Gsphh dh gagroh aufdghr.

    Ga gd hm 8529 sg hprmc dh Dgy ig Gagroh Aufdghr, y ga gd hm 85?3 sg igshrrmdd gd Sgodhngatm igEasthdhfemags Aufdghrgs y Shiehftevhs, rgveshim pmstgremrngatg ga gd hm 8555. Dhs hfteveihigs igsgoureihi y rgoudhfea sg gafmngaihrma hd Fmasglm ig Vgoureihi Aufdghr frghim ga 85:;, y dheavgsteohfea y ogstea ig dms rgseiums rhiehftevms h dh Gnprgsh Ahfemahd ig Sgseiums Shiehftevms(GASGVH) frghih ga 85:7.

    Hd preafepem ig dh ifhih ig dms hms sgsgath, fma gd pdha ig gsthcedezhfea y dh eafmrpmrhfea ig Gsphh

    h dh MFIG, dh gfmamnh gsphmdh hfgdgr su gxphasea, eafrgngataimsg dh ignhaih gagrotefh. Ga gdpgremim ig 852; h 85?7 dh ignhaih gdftrefh frgfe h uah thsh hfunudhtevh igd 88% hauhd. Ga uahsetuhfea ig fhrgafeh ig ohs y pgtrdgm, fma frgfegatg igpgaigafeh ig stg, y fma ua fhrca imnstefmig gxtrhffea iebfed y fmstmsh, dms gnprgshrems y gd Omcegram pgashrma ga hffgigr h dh gagroh aufdghr,tmihvh ga igshrrmddm eaiustrehd eafepegatg, pgrm qug prmngth fmastetuer ua fmnpdgngatm eighd phrh

    suneaestrhr dh chsg ig dh furvhig fhroh.

    Dh gstrufturh eaiustrehd aufdghrig Gsphh fmngaz h frghrsg,pmr thatm, ga dms hms sgsgath,

    fmnm fmasgfugafeh ig dhigfesea ig fmastruer dhsfgatrhdgs aufdghrgs LmsFhcrgrh, Vhath Nhrh ig Ohrmhy Rhaigdds E pmr fmatrhtesthspreafephdgs gxtrhalgrms pmr gdprmfgienegatm ddhvg ga nham.Ga gsth prengrh gthph, dhHineaestrhfea prmnmvehftevhngatg gstg igshrrmddmeaiustrehd, pmr dhs rhzmags igfrghfea ig pugstms ig trhchlm

    fuhdebefhims y gd hvhafgtgfamdoefm qug jhch igfmatrecuer h dh nglmrh ogagrhdig dh eaiustreh.

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    Eatrmiuffea

    Ga dh seouegatg gthph, ga dh ifhih ig dms hms sgtgath, sg fmastruygrma dhsfgatrhdgs ig Hdnhrhz, Hsf y Fmbrgatgs, himptaimsg dh fmatrhthfea pmrfmnpmagatgs, hdfhazhaim uah orha enpmrthafeh dh eaiustreh ig eaogaegrh y dh ig

    cegags ig gquepm, ga easthdhfemags gxestgatgs pgrm fma ntmims nmigraezhims yhihpthims h dms augvms fmafgptms ig ohrhath ig fhdeihi.

    Iurhatg dh tgrfgrh gthph, ga dh ifhih ig dms hms mfjgath, sg fmastruygrma dhsfgatrhdgs ig Rhaigdds EE y Yreddm E. Ga gddh, dh eaiustreh aufdghr gsphmdh ddgo h sunhiurgz fma dh fmastruffea ig bcrefhs ig augvh pdhath, thatm ig gquepms fmnmig fmncustecdg, y gd buafemahnegatm ig ua angrm ig gnprgshs ig sgrvefemsgspgfehdezhims.

    Gstg prmfgsm iem fmnm rgsudthim dh frghfea ga Gsphh ig uah fmnuaeihitfaefh y fegatbefh enpmrthatg, ucefhih ga mrohaesnms pcdefms y fgatrms igeavgsteohfea, uaevgrseihigs, dhs prmpehs fgatrhdgs ga mpgrhfea y dh eaiustreh gaogagrhd. Ga dh ifhih ig dms hms mfjgath bug gd nmngatm ig nxenh hfteveihiig dh eaiustreh aufdghr ga Gsphh, prmpmrfemahaim gnpdgm h ns ig 3;.;;;pgrsmahs, gatrg gddhs ns ig 7.;;; tfaefms ig hdth fuhdebefhfea. Higns, jhy qughhier hprmxenhihngatg 8;;.;;; pgrsmahs ns ig gnpdgm eaiergftm, gandtepdgs gnprgshs suneaestrhimrhs ig cegags y sgrvefems.

    Dhs fgatrhdgs aufdghrgs gsta chshihs ga uah tgfamdmoh fmnpdglh, sma eatgasevhs ga fhpethd, pgrm thnceadm sma ga fmamfenegatm. Gd igspdegoug ig gsh tgfamdmoh ga iesteaths bhsgs iem duohr h dh frghfea ig uahsdeih eabrhgstrufturh eaiustrehd, agfgshreh phrh smpmrthr gd iesgm, dh fmastruffea y dh gxpdmthfea ig dhsfgatrhdgs, pgrm thncea phrh igshrrmddhr mtrhs hfteveihigs fmnm sma dhs rgdhfemahihs fma gd fmncustecdgy gd trhthnegatm ig dms rgseiums rhiehftevms.

    Ymih gsth hfteveihi enpdef ua enpmrthatg gsbugrzm ig hsenedhfea ig tgfamdmoh y ig bmrnhfea gatfaefms y gspgfehdesths, qug iem fmnm rgsudthim ua phrqug aufdghr ig orha fhdeihi, uams gquepms igmpgrhfea nuy gxpgrtms, y uahs febrhs nuy hdths ig phrtefephfea ahfemahd ga dh fmastruffea ig dhsfgatrhdgs aufdghrgs, phshaim ig ua 9;% tmthd ga dhs prengrhs fgatrhdgs h ns ig ua :;% ga dhs dtenhs.

    Dhs gnprgshs igd sgftmr aufdghr fmateaha hpmyhaim dhs hfteveihigs ig suneaestrm ig eaogaegrh yfmnpmagatgs phrh rgphrhfemags m nmiebefhfemags, suneaestrm ig fmncustecdgs y sgrvefems ig easpgffeaiurhatg gd buafemahnegatm, hs fmnm prgsthfea ig sgrvefems ig hpmym h dhs rgfhrohs y ig prmtgffearhiemdoefh. Ga dh hftuhdeihi iespmagnmstmihvh ig uah chsg ig fmamfenegatms,

    gxpgregafeh y ngiems qug ams vha h pgrneterphrtefephr ga dms prmorhnhs aufdghrgs gabhsg ig rgdhazhnegatm ga ievgrsms phsgs. Gsgveigatg, pmr thatm, qug se sg prmiulgsg uahrghftevhfea igd prmorhnh aufdghr gaGsphh, iespmagnms ig uah cugaheabrhgstrufturh ig phrteih phrh hbrmathrdhfma xetm.

    Gstg jgfjm jh ddgvhim h Gsphh h sgrsgdgffemahih pmr gd Mrohaesnm Eatgrahfemahdig Gagroh Htnefh fmnm glgnpdm ig phs

    qug tuvm ua prmorhnh aufdghr glgnpdhr igprmnmfea eaiustrehd hatg dms phsgs qughftuhdngatg eaefeha sus prmorhnhs aufdghrgs.

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    Dh eaiustreh aufdghr gsphmdh suneaestrh dh eaogaegrh, dms gquepms, dh fmastruffea y nmathlg, dmsfmncustecdgs, dh pugsth ga nhrfjh y dms sgrvefems qug dhs fgatrhdgs agfgsetha phrh su mpgrhfea. Ymih

    gsth gstrufturh eaiustrehd sg bmrn iurhatg dh fmastruffea ig dhs fgatrhdgs y jh gvmdufemahim fmadhs ferfuasthafehs ig fhih nmngatm, eafmrpmrhaim augvhs tgfamdmohs hihpthihs h dhs agfgseihigs yrgquesetms hftuhdgs.

    Dh eaiustreh aufdghr gsphmdh gst prgphrhih phrh gd ngrfhim eatgrahfemahd, pugs ga dh fmastruffeaig fgatrhdgs aufdghrgs tmih dh gstrufturh tfaefh ig amrnhs, gspgfebefhfemags, pdhams, fuhdebefhfemags,glgfufea, easpgffemags y imfungathfea gs dh ushih h aevgd nuaiehd, y dhs gnprgshs gstabhnedehrezhihs fma dms fdegatgs y dhs hogafehs ig easpgffea y fma dms usms eatgrahfemahdgs. [mr mtrhphrtg, nufjhs ig gddhs pmsgga dh fgrtebefhfea ig dhs preafephdgs gateihigs ig fdhsebefhfea.

    Dhs gnprgshs qug hftha ga gd fhnpm aufdghr, hphrtg igd fefdm igd fmncustecdg y ig dh ogstea igrgseiums, sg fdhsebefha sgoa sus gspgfehdeihigs. H fmateauhfea, sg gxpmag crgvgngatg dh

    eabrhgstrufturh frghih ga Gsphh y su pmtgafehd hftuhd, fmnm afdgm eaiustrehd phrh dh agfgshrehgxphasea ga ua ngrfhim odmchdezhim.

    Dhs gnprgshs gdftrefhs, rgspmashcdgs ig dh fmastruffea ig dhs fgatrhdgs aufdghrgs y ig dhmpgrhfea ig dhs nesnhs, jha hnpdehim su hftuhfea h dms gstuiems ig mptenezhfea igdbuafemahnegatm, nhatgaenegatm, ogstea ig nglmrhs ga gd gquepm y prmfgienegatms, ogstea igdfefdm igd fmncustecdg y igshrrmddm ig augvms rghftmrgs.

    Dms prmvggimrgs ig sestgnhs aufdghrgs. Ga Gsphh sg tmn dh igfesea ig am fmastetuer uahgnprgsh ig sestgnhs deohih ngiehatg defgafeh h hdoa prmvggimr gxtrhalgrm, dm qug jhcrh bmrzhimprftefhngatg h gdgoer ua smdm tepm ig rghftmr. Dms prmvggimrgs eatgrahfemahdgs suneaestrhrma dhs

    prengrhs fgatrhdgs ddhvg ga nham y dms sestgnhs aufdghrgs ig ogagrhfea ig vhpmr phrh dhs

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    Eatrmiuffea

    fgatrhdgs aufdghrgs sufgsevhs, higns ighpmyhr gd hffgsm ig dh eaiustreh gsphmdh hdms usms y gstaihrgs aufdghrgs. Jmy

    prgstha h dhs fgatrhdgs sgrvefems ig hpmymga dh mpgrhfea y gd nhatgaenegatm y,igsig dugom, igsgnpghra ua phpgd nuyenpmrthatg ga dms buturms gsbugrzmsaufdghrgs igd phs.

    Dhs gnprgshs ig eaogaegrh, hprmvgfjhaimsu gxpgregafeh ga gd prmygftm y dhfmastruffea ig fgatrhdgs trnefhs jhafrghim uah enpmrthatg fhphfeihi igeaogaegrh ig fgatrhdgs aufdghrgs, iha

    hpmym ga dh ogstea ig dh fmastruffea igfgatrhdgs augvhs y ga dh mpgrhfea y ga gdnhatgaenegatm ig dhs fgatrhdgs gabuafemahnegatm. Igsig gd preafepem, dhsgnprgshs gsphmdhs ig eaogaegrhfmdhcmrhrma fma fmatrhtesths preafephdgsgxtrhalgrms. H phrter ig dh sgouaih gthphdh setuhfea sg eaverte, segaim dhs gnprgshs gsphmdhs dms fmatrhtesths ig dms prmpegthrems, utedezhaim hdhs gnprgshs gxtrhalgrhs iurhatg ua tegnpm fmnm fmasudtmrgs y hsunegaim igspus dh rgspmashcedeihitmthd.

    Dms prmvggimrgs ig gquepm. Gstg sgftmr sg jh bmrnhim smcrg dh chsg ig dh eaiustreh gxestgatg y dh hiefea

    ig augvhs fhphfeihigs, gspgfehdngatg ig bhcrefhfea ig dms gquepms preafephdgs y dms turcmhdtgrahimrgs,pgrm thncea ig orhs, vdvudhs, tucgrhs, fhdigrgrh y hffgsmrems, fhncehimrgs ig fhdmr, nqueahs ignhaepudhfea igd fmncustecdg y ua dhrom gtftgrh ig gdgngatms smngteims h gstreftms sestgnhs igohrhath ig fhdeihi. Jh qugihim fmastetueih uah eaiustreh fhphz ig suneaestrhr dh nhymr phrtg ig dmscegags ig gquepm.

    Dhs gnprgshs ig fmastruffea y nmathlg sg hihpthrma sea iebefudthi h dms augvms rgquesetms ig fhdeihi.Gs enpmrthatg gd gbgftm dmfmnmtmrh qug dh gagroh aufdghr jh tgaeim ga gd sgftmr igd nmathlg igeasthdhfemags eaiustrehdgs. [mr ua dhim, y ga dm gstrefthngatg aufdghr, gsg tera supusm ua fhncemfuhdethtevm ga tgnhs thdgs fmnm dh ohrhath ig fhdeihi y dh fmabmrneihi sgoa dhs amrnhs ig gxeogafehsgspgfehdgs. [mr mtrm dhim, hbgft thncea pmsetevhngatg h dhs eaiustrehs ns fmavgafemahdgs, pmr nmtevms

    ig pmtgafehs uaethrehs y iengasemags ig dms gquepms h nmathr. Gddm tegag rgpgrfusemags nuy pmsetevhs gamtrms ncetms, eafduygaim gd igspdegoug ig dhs gagrohs rgamvhcdgs.

    Dhs gnprgshs ig sgrvefems gspgfehdezhims, prmygftm y suneaestrm ig senudhimrgs, bmrnhfea ygatrgahnegatm ig mpgrhimrgs, easpgffea ga sgrvefem y igshrrmddm ig sestgnhs ig hpmym y nglmrh ga dhgxpdmthfea, fmathaim gatrg sus fdegatgs h tmihs dhs gnprgshs aufdghrgs gsphmdhs y ua orha angrm iggateihigs gxtrhalgrhs.

    Dh eaiustreh aufdghr gsphmdh, fmnpgtetevh y gxpgrth, qug sg prgsgath h fmateauhfea, gs ohrhath ig qug dhtgfamdmoh aufdghr am sdm sg fmasgrvh, seam qug sg seoug igshrrmddhaim ga Gsphh, phrh hpmyhr h dhsfgatrhdgs aufdghrgs qug gsta hftuhdngatg ga mpgrhfea y phrh htgaigr ua ngrfhim aufdghr eatgrahfemahdga frgfenegatm.

    Nhrzm ig 3;88

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    Mclgtevm gnprgshrehd

    Vu hfteveihi preafephd gs dh prmiuffea, trhaspmrtg, iestrecufea yfmngrfehdezhfea ig gdgftrefeihi. Hsenesnm, dh fmnphh tegag uahprgsgafeh seoaebefhtevh ga gd sgftmr igd ohs ahturhd y igshrrmddhmtrms sgrvefems rgdhfemahims fma dh gagroh.

    Gaigsh, buaihih ga 8599, gs dh gnprgsh digr igd sgftmr gdftrefm gsphmd ydh preafephd nudteahfemahd gdftrefh prevhih ig Dhteamhnrefh, fma uamshftevms tmthdgs ig 23.7:: neddmags ig gurms h 68 ig iefegncrg ig 3;8;.Gst phrtefephih ga ua 53 % pmr Gagd.

    Gaigsh gs uah fmnphh nudteahfemahd, rgspmashcdg, gbefegatg y fmnpgtetevh,fmnprmngteih fma dh sgoureihi y dh shdui dhcmrhd, fma dh eaamvhfea y fmagd ngiem hncegatg.

    GAIGVH, V.H.Secgrh igd Dmerh, 2;

    (Fhnpm ig dhs Ahfemags)3:;93 Nhirei

    Ygd.< +69 583 868 ;;;Bhx< +69 587 26: 8:8_gc< www.gaigsh.fmn

    CSHVED

    Gaigsh Bmrthdgzh (8;;%)3.663 N_ Fhfjmgerh Imurhih (55,28%)

    ESDHAIH

    Gaigsh Ergdhaix(8;;%)3.8.;2: N_

    FGAYSMHNSEFH

    [rmygftm Vegphf888,8%

    3.227 N_ Fega (8;;%)EaEatgrfmagxea Hrogat.-Crhsed

    3.8.;;; `n3.8;; N_

    Hnpdh (58,56%)3.3,7 nedd.fdegatgs

    Fmgdfg (7:,:2%)

    FMDMNCEH

    Gnogsh (9:,9:%)3.3.:57 N_ Fmigash (9:,9:%)

    edd de

    3.6 nedd.fdegatgs

    GaigshEa88,? nedd.fdegatgs

    3.33.7?? N_

    GV[HH U [MSYWOHD

    . , nedd.fdega gs

    [GS

    Gigogd (:6,2%)3.8.22? N_ [eurh (2;%)3.866 N_

    Imf` Vui (25,55%)3.:?; N_ Gaigsh Fmsthagrh (25,?2%)3.3.639 N_ Gd Fjmfa (2?,2?%)3.8.63: N_ Gigsur (55,97%)

    edd de Gigdamr (?7,2:%)3.8,8 nedd.fdegatgs Gagroeg Gdgftrequg ig Yhjhiihrt (63%)

    6:9 N_

    . , nedd.fdega gs Uhfydgf (33,3%)3.3:3 `n, 7;? @vFJEDG

    Gaigsh Fjedg (75,5:%)3.3.:57 N_ Fjedgftrh (55,;5%)

    edd de. , edd. de

    Vgrvefems, prmiuftms y tgfamdmoh iespmaecdgs

    Gaigsh mpgrh ga gd ngrfhim gdftrefm ig 8; phsgs, segaim dhgnprgsh digr ga Gsphh, Fjedg, Hrogateah, Fmdmnceh y [gr. Fugathfma uah pdhateddh ig ns ig 39.;;; pgrsmahs. H trhvs ig susgnprgshs fmatrmdh ns ig 65.;;; N_ ig fhphfeihi easthdhih fmauah ogagrhfea ig 86;.;;; O_j y uahs vgaths supgremrgs h dms8?7.;;; O_j h ns ig 37 neddmags ig fdegatgs.

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    Hfteveihigs y rgbgrgafehs

    Gsphh, [mrtuohd y mtrms phsgs (*)

    Gaigsh am gs sdm dh gnprgsh deigr igd sgftmr gdftrefm gsphmd,thncea gs gd sgouaim mpgrhimr ga gd ngrfhim gdftrefm

    pmrtuous.

    Vu prmiuffea gdftrefh ga Gsphh y [mrtuohd (qug eafduygthncea gd rgstm ig dms agomfems ga Gurmph y Nhrrugfms) hdfhazdms 2:.;25 O_j ga 3;8;. Ig gsth febrh, 22.355 O_jfmrrgspmaiegrma h Gsphh, ?7; O_j h [mrtuohd y 8.;3; O_j hdrgstm igd sgongatm.

    Dhteamhnrefh (*)

    GAIGVH gs dh prengrh nudteahfemahd gdftrefh prevhih ig Hnrefh

    Dhteah y dh nhymr fmnphh gdftrefh ig Fjedg, Hrogateah,Fmdmnceh y [gr0 higns phrtefeph ga dh eatgrfmagxea qug uaerdhs rgigs gdftrefhs ig sges phsgs fgatrmhngrefhams (VEG[HF).

    Ga tmthd, dhs gnprgshs phrtefephihs pmr GAIGVH ga Dhteamhnrefhpmsgha ns ig 87.;;; N_ ig pmtgafeh easthdhih, fma uahprmiuffea supgremr h dms 2?.;;; O_j.

    Gagroh aufdghr ga Gaigsh

    Ig dh gdgftrefeihi qug dh fmnphh ogagrh ga Gsphh, ns igd 9;%gs ig mreoga aufdghr, segaim gd prengr mpgrhimr gsphmd fma

    6.?;; N_ easthdhims.

    Gaigsh trhchlh pgrnhagatgngatg pmr dh gxfgdgafeh ga dh ogsteaig sus fgatrhdgs aufdghrgs. Gsth fmnprmngteih fma sugxpdmthfea h dhrom pdhzm, ig bmrnh sgourh y behcdg. Yhncea sgfmnprmngtg fma gd gatmram, thatm igsig ua puatm ig vesth smfehdfmnm ngiemhncegathd, enpudshaim gd frgfenegatm ig dhs rgoemagsga dhs qug gst prgsgatg.

    *AMYH< Ihtms h 68 ig Iefegncrg ig 3;8;.

    Febrhs ig dh gnprgsh

    Sgsudthims h 68 ig iefegncrg ig 3;8; (Neddmags ig )Cgagbefem agtm 9.835

    Sgsudthim ig gxpdmthfea (GCEY) 7.;68

    Sgsudthim crutm ig gxpdmthfea (GCEYIH) ?.9?9

    Eaorgsms 68.8??

    [rmiuffea (O_j) 86;.9:7

    Rgaths (O_j) 8?7.38?

    [dhateddh 39.?63

    Aufdghrgs [mtgafeh(N_) %GAIGVH [hrtefephfeaig GAIGVH (N_)

    Hsf E 8.;66 8;; 8.;66

    Hsf EE 8.;3? :7 :?6

    Rhaigdds EE 8.;:? ?3 ?:6

    Vth. N ig Ohrmh 922 7; 366

    Hdnhrhz E 8.;7; 62 6?:

    Hdnhrhz EE 5:6 62 679

    Yreddm 8.;22 8 88

    Ymthd Aufdghr 2.27; 6.229

    Gnprgshs gdftrefhs

    Gaigsh gs gd nhymr prmiuftmr ig gagroh aufdghr gaGsphh, fma gd 9?% ig dh pmtgafeh aufdghr easthdhih.

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    Mclgtevm gnprgshrehd

    Ohs Ahturhd Bgamsh, trhs gd rgfegatg prmfgsm ig hiquesefea ig dhfmnphh gdftrefh Waea Bgamsh, jh fudneahim su mclgtevm igeatgorhr dms agomfems ig ohs y gdgftrefeihi ga uah fmnphh fmadhroh gxpgregafeh ga gd sgftmr gagrotefm, fhphz ig fmnpgter igbmrnh gbefegatg ga uams ngrfhims smngteims h ua prmfgsm igfrgfegatg eatgorhfea, odmchdezhfea y hungatm ig dh fmnpgtgafeh.

    Vgrvefems, prmiuftms y tgfamdmoh iespmaecdgs

    Ohs Ahturhd Bgamsh phrtefeph ga tmim gd nuaim ga agomfems igprmiuffea ig gagrohs prenhrehs y ig ogagrhfea, iestrecufea y

    fmngrfehdezhfea ig ohs ahturhd y gdgftrefeihi.

    Ohs Ahturhd Bgamsh gs uah ig dhs fmnphhs nudteahfemahdgs digrgs ga gd sgftmr

    igd ohs y dh gdgftrefeihi, gst prgsgatg ga ns ig 36 phsgs y fugath fma ns ig3; neddmags ig fdegatgs.

    Gs dh nhymr fmnphh eatgorhih ga ohs y gdgftrefeihi ga Gsphh y Dhteamhnrefh,digr ga fmngrfehdezhfea ig ohs ahturhd ga Ecgreh y ga gd agomfem ig iestrecufeagagrotefh.

    Gd nex ig ogagrhfea ig Ohs Ahturhd Bgamsh gs refm yievgrsebefhim g eafduyg fefdms fmnceahims, jeirudefh, aufdghr,fhrca bugd y rgamvhcdgs.

    Higns ig ga Gsphh, Ohs Ahturhd Bgamsh tegag enpmrthatgsfgatrms ig prmiuffea ga ievgrsms phsgs fmnm Nxefm,Sgpcdefh Imneaefhah, Aefhrhouh, [hahn, Fmsth Sefh y @gaeh.

    Ohs Ahturhd Bgamsh, prgsgatg ga tmih dh fhigah ig vhdmr igd ohsahturhd, gs ua mpgrhimr ig rgbgrgafeh ga dhs fugafhs Htdatefh y

    Ngietgrragh. Ogstemah uah fhrtgrh ig suneaestrms ig OAD y ohs

    Ohs Ahturhd Bgamsh V.H.Vgig fgatrhd