KRIMINOLOGIKRIMINOLOGI

OlehOleh ::

Topo Topo SantosoSantoso, SH. MH, SH. MH..

MATERI PEMBAHASANMATERI PEMBAHASAN

MengapaMengapa KriminologiKriminologiLahirLahir ??ApaApa KriminologiKriminologi ituitu ? ? ApaApa obyekobyek studistudiKriminologiKriminologi ??MazhabMazhab 22KriminologiKriminologiTeoriTeori--teoriteoriKriminologiKriminologi

MENGAPA KRIMINOLOGI MENGAPA KRIMINOLOGI LAHIR ?LAHIR ?

KetidakpuasanKetidakpuasan padapada: : 1) 1) HukumHukum PidanaPidana2) 2) HukumHukum AcaraAcara

PidanaPidana3) Cara 3) Cara

PenghukumanPenghukuman

PenerapanPenerapan StatistikStatistik

ApaApa KriminologiKriminologi ituitu ??((DefinisiDefinisi))

IlmuIlmu pengetahuanpengetahuan yang yang bertujuanbertujuan menyelidikimenyelidiki gejalagejalakejahatankejahatan seluasseluas--luasnyaluasnya((BongerBonger))The body of knowledge The body of knowledge regarding crime as a social regarding crime as a social phenomenon (Sutherland)phenomenon (Sutherland)kumpulankumpulan ilmuilmu pengetahuanpengetahuantentangtentang kejahatankejahatan yang yang bertujuanbertujuan untukuntuk memperolehmemperolehpengetahuanpengetahuan dandan pengertianpengertiantentangtentang gejalagejala kejahatankejahatandengandengan jalanjalan mempelajarimempelajari dandanmenganalisamenganalisa secarasecara ilmiahilmiahketerangan2, keseragaman2, keterangan2, keseragaman2, pola2 pola2 dandan faktor2 faktor2 kausalkausal ygyg. . BerhubunganBerhubungan dg. dg. KejahatanKejahatan, , PelakuPelaku kejahatankejahatan, , sertaserta reaksireaksimasyarakatmasyarakat thdthd. . KeduanyaKeduanya(Wolfgang, (Wolfgang, SavitzSavitz, Johnston), Johnston)

OBYEK STUDI OBYEK STUDI KRIMINOLOGIKRIMINOLOGI

KejahatanKejahatan

PenjahatPenjahat

ReaksiReaksiMasyarakatMasyarakatterhadapterhadapKejahatanKejahatandandan PenjahatPenjahat

MAZHABMAZHAB22 DALAM DALAM KRIMINOLOGIKRIMINOLOGI

KlasikKlasik-- IndeterminismeIndeterminisme-- free willfree will((BechariaBecharia, Bentham), Bentham)PositifPositif-- DeterminismeDeterminisme

-- BiologiBiologi-- PsikologiPsikologi-- KulturalKultural

KriminologiKriminologi BaruBaru

TEORI TEORI 22 KRIMINOLOGIKRIMINOLOGI

TeoriTeori 22 dr. dr. PerspektifPerspektifBiologiBiologi dandanPsikologiPsikologi

TeoriTeori 22 dr. dr. PerspektifPerspektifSosiologiSosiologi

TeoriTeori 2 dr. 2 dr. PerspektifPerspektif lainlain

TEORI TEORI 22 DARI DARI PERSPEKTIF BIOLOGI PERSPEKTIF BIOLOGI

C. Lombroso C. Lombroso ((LL’’huomoDelinquentehuomoDelinquente --Atavistic Stigmata)Atavistic Stigmata)EnricoEnrico FerriFerri & & GarofaloGarofaloCharles B.GoringCharles B.GoringBody Types Body Types ( ( KretcmerKretcmer, , HootenHooten, , SeldonSeldon, , GlueckGlueck & & GlueckGlueck))DisfungsiDisfungsi OtakOtak & & Learning DisabilitiesLearning DisabilitiesFaktorFaktor 2 2 GenetikaGenetika

TEORI TEORI 2 2 DARI DARI PERSPEKTIF PERSPEKTIF SOSIOLOGISSOSIOLOGIS

Strain Strain Theories Theories (Anomie, (Anomie, Strain)Strain)Cultural Cultural Deviance Deviance Theories Theories ( Social ( Social disorganizatiodisorganization, differential n, differential association, association, culture culture conflikconflik))Control SocialControl Social

ANOMIE THEORIANOMIE THEORI(Emile Durkheim)(Emile Durkheim)

StrukturalStrukturalfunctionalistfunctionalist

anomieanomie

normlessnesnormlessnes

sudden sudden economic economic change change

STRAIN THEORYSTRAIN THEORY(Robert K.Merton)(Robert K.Merton)

Cultural goals & Cultural goals & legitimate meanslegitimate means

Disparity between Disparity between goals & means goals & means fosters fosters frustationfrustation, , which leads to which leads to strainstrain

Modes of Modes of Adaptations Adaptations (conformity, (conformity, innovation, innovation, ritualism, ritualism, retreatismretreatism, , rebellion)rebellion)

DIFFERENTIAL ASSOCIATION THEORYDIFFERENTIAL ASSOCIATION THEORY

Criminal behavior is learnedCriminal behavior is learnedCriminal behavior is learned in interaction with other person inCriminal behavior is learned in interaction with other person ina process of communicationa process of communicationThe principal part of the learning of criminal behavior occurs The principal part of the learning of criminal behavior occurs within intimate personal groupswithin intimate personal groupsWhen criminal behavior is learned, the learning includes (a) When criminal behavior is learned, the learning includes (a) techniques of techniques of commitingcommiting the crime; (b) the specific direction the crime; (b) the specific direction of motives, drives, rationalizations, & attitudesof motives, drives, rationalizations, & attitudesThe specific direction of motives & drives is learned from The specific direction of motives & drives is learned from definitions of the legal codes as definitions of the legal codes as fovorablefovorable or unfavorableor unfavorableA person becomes delinquent because of an excess of A person becomes delinquent because of an excess of definitiosdefinitios favorable to violation of law over definitions favorable to violation of law over definitions unfavorable to violation of lawunfavorable to violation of lawDifferential associations may vary in frequency, duration, Differential associations may vary in frequency, duration, priority, & priority, & intencityintencityThe process of learning criminal behavior by association with The process of learning criminal behavior by association with criminal & criminal & anticriminalanticriminal patterns involves all mechanism that patterns involves all mechanism that are involved in any other learningare involved in any other learningWhile criminal behavior is an expression of general needs and While criminal behavior is an expression of general needs and values, it is not explained by those general needs and values, values, it is not explained by those general needs and values, since since noncriminalnoncriminal behavior is an expression of the same needs behavior is an expression of the same needs and values.and values.

DIFFERENTIAL DIFFERENTIAL ASSOCIATION THEORYASSOCIATION THEORY

(E. H. Sutherland)(E. H. Sutherland)

KEJAHATAN ITU KEJAHATAN ITU DIPELAJARIDIPELAJARI

SOCIAL CONTROL SOCIAL CONTROL THEORYTHEORY

Social Bonds Social Bonds 1. Attachment 1. Attachment 2. 2. CommitmentCommitment3. 3. InvolvementInvolvement4. Belief4. Belief

((HirchiHirchi))

Techniques of Techniques of NetralizationNetralization((MatzaMatza))

THEORI THEORI 2 2 PERSPEKTIF PERSPEKTIF LAINLAIN

LabelingLabeling

ConflictConflict

CriticalCritical