-
Kraft i rymden
Mikael EkströmRUAG Space18 May 2017
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2 | RUAG Space Sweden | RUAG Space | 18 May 2017
RUAG in Key Figures
CHF 1.8 billion net
sales in 2016
8’700employees(end 2016)
5 divisions on land, air
& space
Shareholder: Swiss Con-federation
63% sales abroad
57% civil
Innovation-driven
international technology
group
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3 | RUAG Space Sweden | RUAG Space | 18 May 2017
RUAG 5 divisions on land, air & space
RUAG Space is Europe's leading supplier of products for the
space industry and has a growing presence in the United States as
well
RUAG Aerostructures is a global first-tier supplier in the
aerostructure manufacturing segment for civil and military
applications
RUAG Aviation is a leading supplier, support provider and
integrator of systems and components for civil and military
aviation
RUAG Ammotec is the European market leader in small-calibre
ammunition, pyrotechnic elements and components
RUAG Defence develops internationally sought-after technologies
for armed forces, law enforcement and rescue and security
organizations
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4 | RUAG Space Sweden | RUAG Space | 18 May 2017
RUAG Space
1250employees
Headquarter in Zurich,
SwitzerlandCHF 345
million revenues in
2016
50 years of heritage in space
Leading independent
European supplier of
space products
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5 | RUAG Space Sweden | RUAG Space | 18 May 2017
Launcher Fairings & Structures
Payload Adapters & Separation Systems
Sounding Rocket Guidance
Satellite CommunicationEquipment
Receivers & Converters Antennas
RUAG SpaceProducts
Launcher Structures & Separation Systems
Satellite Structures,Mechanisms &
Mechanical Equipment
Satellite Structures Satellite Mechanisms Sliprings Mechanical
Ground
Support Equipment Thermal Systems
Digital Electronics for Satellites and Launchers
Satellite & Launcher Computers
Navigation Receivers & Signal Processing
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6 | RUAG Space Sweden | RUAG Space | 18 May 2017
RUAG SpaceSweden
LinköpingMechanical systems
GothenburgHeadquarters and center for Computer systems, Antennas
and Microwave Electronics
RUAG Space Sweden:Sales (2016): 1029 MSEK (~109 MEUR, ~120
MUSD)
Employees (2016): 490 (Gothenburg 350, Linköping 100, Tampere
40)
TampereSpace electronics
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7 | RUAG Space Sweden | RUAG Space | 18 May 2017
Products
Computers & Data Handling Systems
Adapters and Separation Systems
Satellite Structures
Frequency Converters & Receivers
Guidance Systems
Antennas
Dispensers
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8 | RUAG Space Sweden | RUAG Space | 18 May 2017
Electronics Production
ManufacturingMulti Chip Module TechnologiesSurface Mount
TechnologiesPlated Through Hole TechnologiesElectrical &
Physical TestingEnvironmental testing:
- Thermal Vacuum- Vibration- EMC
Process Development
Component Technology
Procurement
Analysis Laboratory
Clean Room
2 600 m2 ISO Class 8
100 m2 ISO Class 7
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9 | RUAG Space Sweden | RUAG Space | 18 May 2017
Kraft i rymden i många varianter
Vi gör i huvudsak kraft till:− Datorer− Instrument−
Mikrovågsutrustningar− Kundanpassade kraftlösningar
Effekt: 1 – 400 W
Antal utspänningar: 1 till mer än 20
Utspänningar: 1.0 V till ca 50 V
Inspänning: 5 V till 100 V DC
Verkningsgrad: Upp till 94%
Livslängd: Upp till 18 år i rymdmiljö
Tillförlitlighet: Måste ofta fungera efter 1 fel.
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10 | RUAG Space Sweden | RUAG Space | 18 May 2017
Speciella kraftutmaningar i rymden
Utmanande miljö med vakuum, strålning, höga vibarationer
m.m.
Höga krav på tillförlitlighet
Låga tillverkningsvolymer, 1 till några hundra enheter
Höga krav på dokumentation och analyser
Begränsad tillgång till godkända komponenter
Dyra komponenter (ex. 5000 kr för en MOSFET)
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11 | RUAG Space Sweden | RUAG Space | 18 May 2017
Miljö, vakuum och temperatur
Vakuum medför att all värme måste ledas bort från konstruktionen
genom PCB och ram.
Vissa material släpper ifrån sig gaser i vakuum som kan ge
beläggningar på t.ex. optiskainstrument.
Data handling power converter
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12 | RUAG Space Sweden | RUAG Space | 18 May 2017
Miljö, strålning
Många komponenter är känsliga för radioaktiv strålning. Vi delar
i huvudsak uppstrålningseffekterna i 2 olika typer.
− Totaldoseffekter: långsam påverkan på en komponent beroende på
hur hög den totalastråldosen är.
− Transienta effekter: partikel med hög energi träffar en
känslig del av en komponent => tillfälliga/permanenta fel på
komponenten.
Aktiva komponenter måste vara karakteriserade i strålning för
att användas i rymdmiljö.
− Köpa garanterat stråltåliga komponenter.
− Köpa icke stråltestade komponeter och testa själva.
=> Höga kostnader + litet utbud av komponenter
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13 | RUAG Space Sweden | RUAG Space | 18 May 2017
Miljö, strålning fortsättning, ,
-15
-12
-9
-6
-3
0
3
6
9
12
15
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
[µs]
[Vol
t]
, FE2 @ C , CE
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
0 40 kRad(Si)
75 100 150 24h Annealing
168h
RefAverageWC+WC-
Exempel på transient på utgången av en OP-amp p.g.a. en tung
jon
Exempel på minskning av HFE hos en bipolär transitor som
funktion av stråldos
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14 | RUAG Space Sweden | RUAG Space | 18 May 2017
Tillförlitlighet
För att få hög tillförlitlighet finns ofta krav på redundans och
korskoppling för att bibehållafunktionen även efter ett
komponentfel.
Krav på “derating” av komponetparametrar för att öka
livslängden.
UVLO
ICL
ON/OFFDM-filter
StartupSupply ≥ 1 Latch
DC/DCVIN
ON/OFF
AUX FAIL
+5V
VAUX
+15V_dig
-15V_dig
+15V_ana
-15V_ana
Nominal (PCEG1)
OVP
≥ 1
Delay
ON/OFF CMD
internalcircuitry
+15_dig_rel
-15_dig_rel
Reliable rails toexternal users
+5_dig
+15_dig
-15_dig
From nominal
To redundant
ReliableCM-filter+50V
UVLO
ICL
ON/OFFDM-filter
StartupSupply ≥ 1 Latch
DC/DCVIN
ON/OFF
AUX FAIL
+5V
VAUX
+15V_dig
-15V_dig
+15V_ana
-15V_ana
Nominal (PCEG2)
OVP
≥ 1
Delay
ON/OFF CMD
-15_ana_rel
+15_ana_rel
+5_dig
+15_dig
-15_dig
ONOFF_TM
TEMP_TM
ONOFF_TM
TEMP_TM
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15 | RUAG Space Sweden | RUAG Space | 18 May 2017
Låga tillverkningsvolymer
Små serier medför att utvecklingskostnaden ofta är den dominanta
kostnaden i ett projekt trots att komponentpriserna är väldigt
höga.
På grund av höga komponentkostnader även för prototyper håller
vi ofta nere på antaletprototypkort så vi måste göra nästan rätt
från början => Att det tar lång tid att få framprototyperna.
Vi har tagit fram en generell kraftkorttestare för
produktionstestför att hålla ned kostnaderna.
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16 | RUAG Space Sweden | RUAG Space | 18 May 2017
Analyser, exempel
Worst Case Analysis (WCA)− Beräknar kritiska parametrar med
toleranser för att säkerställa att allt kommer att fungera
efter
den krävda livstiden.− Analyserna baseras på en kombination av
beräkningar, mätningar och simuleringar. − En av de mest
tidskrävande delarna i designarbetet.
Parts Stress Analysis (PSA)− Analysera att reglerna för
“derating” uppfylls för alla komponenter.
Failure Modes Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA)−
Analyserar vad som händer med systemet vid ett fel på en
komponent.
Reliability Analysis− Beräkning av sannolikheten för fel på en
komponent.
Radiation Analysis− Analys av att konstruktionen klarar
strålningsmiljön som konstruktionen kan utsättas för.
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17 | RUAG Space Sweden | RUAG Space | 18 May 2017
Egenutvecklade analysverktyg
Cross regulation tool
Labview for CS
Labview for CE
Labview for control loop measurements
PSA-tool
Cross Regulation
15,115,215,315,415,515,615,715,815,9
1616,116,2
0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2
Current (A)
Volta
ge (V
)
Serie1
Cross regulation data above based on 3000 automatic measurements
varying all output currents from different outputs, linevoltages,
switching frequency and temperature to cover all permutations in
any application…
Chart1
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0.3298
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.3298
0.3298
0.3298
0.3298
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.3298
0.3298
0.3298
0.3298
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.3298
0.3298
0.3298
0.3298
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.3298
0.3298
0.3298
0.3298
0.0296
0.0296
0.0296
0.0295
0.6578
0.6578
0.6578
0.6578
0.0296
0.0296
0.0296
0.0296
0.6578
0.6578
0.6578
0.6578
0.0296
0.0295
0.0296
0.0296
0.6578
0.6578
0.6578
0.6578
0.0296
0.0295
0.0296
0.0296
0.6578
0.6578
0.6578
0.6578
0.0145
0.0145
0.0146
0.0145
0.3298
0.3298
0.3298
0.3298
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.3298
0.3298
0.3298
0.3298
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.3298
0.3298
0.3298
0.3298
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.3298
0.3298
0.3298
0.3298
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.3298
0.3298
0.3298
0.3298
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.3298
0.3298
0.3298
0.3298
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.3298
0.3298
0.3298
0.3298
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.3298
0.3298
0.3298
0.3298
0.0295
0.0296
0.0295
0.0295
0.6578
0.6578
0.6578
0.6578
0.0296
0.0296
0.0296
0.0296
0.6578
0.6578
0.6578
0.6578
0.0296
0.0296
0.0296
0.0296
0.6578
0.6578
0.6578
0.6578
0.0296
0.0296
0.0296
0.0295
0.6578
0.6578
0.6578
0.6578
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.3298
0.3298
0.3298
0.3298
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.3298
0.3298
0.3298
0.3298
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.3298
0.3298
0.3298
0.3298
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.3298
0.3298
0.3298
0.3298
0.0296
0.0296
0.0296
0.0296
0.958
0.958
0.958
0.958
0.0296
0.0296
0.0296
0.0296
0.958
0.958
0.958
0.958
0.0296
0.0296
0.0296
0.0296
0.958
0.958
0.958
0.958
0.0296
0.0296
0.0296
0.0296
0.958
0.958
0.958
0.958
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.4798
0.4798
0.4799
0.4798
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.4798
0.4798
0.4798
0.4798
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.4799
0.4799
0.4798
0.4799
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.4799
0.4799
0.4798
0.4799
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.4798
0.4798
0.4798
0.4798
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.4798
0.4798
0.4798
0.4799
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.4798
0.4799
0.4799
0.4798
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.4798
0.4799
0.4798
0.0295
0.0295
0.0296
0.0295
0.6576
0.6576
0.6576
0.6576
0.0296
0.0296
0.0295
0.0295
0.6576
0.6576
0.6576
0.6576
0.0295
0.0295
0.0295
0.0296
0.6576
0.6576
0.6576
0.6576
0.0295
0.0295
0.0296
0.0295
0.6576
0.6576
0.6576
0.6576
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.0295
0.0295
0.0295
0.0295
0.6576
0.6576
0.6576
0.6576
0.0296
0.0295
0.0295
0.0295
0.6576
0.6576
0.6576
0.6576
0.0295
0.0295
0.0296
0.0295
0.6576
0.6576
0.6576
0.6576
0.0296
0.0295
0.0296
0.0295
0.6576
0.6576
0.6576
0.6576
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.0196
0.0196
0.0196
0.0196
0.9577
0.9577
0.9577
0.9577
0.0196
0.0196
0.0196
0.0196
0.9577
0.9577
0.9577
0.9577
0.0196
0.0196
0.0196
0.0196
0.9577
0.9577
0.9577
0.9577
0.0196
0.0196
0.0196
0.0196
0.9577
0.9577
0.9577
0.9577
0.0096
0.0096
0.0096
0.0096
0.4797
0.4797
0.4797
0.4797
0.0096
0.0096
0.0096
0.0096
0.4796
0.4796
0.4797
0.4797
0.0096
0.0096
0.0096
0.0096
0.4797
0.4797
0.4797
0.4796
0.0096
0.0096
0.0096
0.0096
0.4797
0.4797
0.4797
0.4797
0.0096
0.0096
0.0096
0.0096
0.4797
0.4797
0.4797
0.4797
0.0096
0.0096
0.0096
0.0096
0.4797
0.4796
0.4797
0.4797
0.0096
0.0096
0.0096
0.0096
0.4796
0.4797
0.4796
0.4796
0.0096
0.0096
0.0096
0.0096
0.4797
0.4797
0.4796
0.4797
0.0295
0.0295
0.0295
0.0295
0.6576
0.6576
0.6576
0.6576
0.0296
0.0295
0.0295
0.0295
0.6576
0.6576
0.6576
0.6576
0.0295
0.0295
0.0295
0.0295
0.6576
0.6576
0.6576
0.6576
0.0296
0.0296
0.0295
0.0295
0.6576
0.6576
0.6576
0.6576
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.0295
0.0295
0.0295
0.0296
0.6576
0.6576
0.6576
0.6576
0.0295
0.0295
0.0295
0.0295
0.6576
0.6576
0.6576
0.6576
0.0295
0.0295
0.0296
0.0296
0.6576
0.6576
0.6576
0.6576
0.0295
0.0295
0.0295
0.0295
0.6576
0.6576
0.6576
0.6576
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.0295
0.0296
0.0295
0.0295
0.6576
0.6576
0.6576
0.6576
0.0295
0.0295
0.0296
0.0295
0.6576
0.6576
0.6576
0.6576
0.0296
0.0295
0.0296
0.0295
0.6576
0.6576
0.6576
0.6576
0.0295
0.0295
0.0295
0.0295
0.6576
0.6576
0.6576
0.6576
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.3297
0.0295
0.0295
0.0295
0.0295
0.9577
0.9577
0.9577
0.9577
0.0295
0.0296
0.0295
0.0295
0.9577
0.9577
0.9577
0.9577
0.0296
0.0295
0.0295
0.0295
0.9577
0.9577
0.9577
0.9577
0.0295
0.0296
0.0296
0.0295
0.9577
0.9577
0.9577
0.9577
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.4797
0.4797
0.4796
0.4797
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.4797
0.4796
0.4796
0.4797
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.4797
0.4797
0.4797
0.4797
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.4797
0.4796
0.4797
0.4797
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.4797
0.4797
0.4797
0.4797
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.4797
0.4797
0.4796
0.4797
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.4797
0.4797
0.4797
0.4797
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.0145
0.4797
0.4796
0.4797
Current (A)
Voltage (V)
Cross Regulation
15.98
15.65
15.67
15.71
15.71
15.86
15.84
15.88
15.87
15.55
15.56
15.63
15.63
15.98
15.95
15.98
15.96
15.65
15.65
15.69
15.69
15.84
15.82
15.87
15.85
15.53
15.54
15.61
15.61
16.06
16.01
16.03
16
15.77
15.77
15.79
15.79
15.88
15.86
15.9
15.88
15.63
15.64
15.69
15.69
16.02
15.98
16.01
15.98
15.74
15.74
15.77
15.77
15.86
15.84
15.88
15.87
15.61
15.62
15.67
15.67
16.05
16.01
16.04
16.01
15.77
15.77
15.79
15.79
15.93
15.91
15.94
15.93
15.68
15.68
15.72
15.72
16.03
15.98
16.01
15.98
15.74
15.74
15.77
15.77
15.9
15.87
15.91
15.89
15.66
15.66
15.7
15.71
16.01
15.98
16.01
15.98
15.65
15.66
15.71
15.71
15.85
15.83
15.87
15.86
15.53
15.54
15.61
15.62
15.98
15.95
15.98
15.96
15.65
15.65
15.69
15.69
15.83
15.81
15.86
15.84
15.51
15.52
15.6
15.6
16.06
16.01
16.04
16.01
15.77
15.77
15.79
15.79
15.87
15.85
15.89
15.87
15.62
15.62
15.67
15.67
16.02
15.98
16.01
15.98
15.74
15.74
15.77
15.77
15.85
15.83
15.87
15.86
15.59
15.6
15.65
15.66
16.05
16.01
16.04
16.01
15.77
15.77
15.79
15.79
15.93
15.91
15.94
15.93
15.68
15.68
15.72
15.72
16.03
15.98
16.01
15.98
15.74
15.74
15.77
15.77
15.9
15.87
15.91
15.89
15.66
15.66
15.7
15.7
16.03
16
16.03
16
15.57
15.59
15.65
15.65
15.89
15.86
15.9
15.89
15.48
15.49
15.57
15.58
16.01
15.97
16
15.98
15.57
15.58
15.64
15.65
15.87
15.84
15.89
15.87
15.47
15.48
15.56
15.56
16.08
16.03
16.05
16.02
15.71
15.71
15.74
15.74
15.9
15.87
15.91
15.89
15.58
15.59
15.64
15.65
16.04
15.99
16.03
15.99
15.69
15.7
15.73
15.73
15.89
15.86
15.9
15.88
15.56
15.57
15.63
15.63
16.07
16.03
16.05
16.02
15.7
15.71
15.74
15.74
15.95
15.93
15.96
15.94
15.63
15.64
15.68
15.68
16.05
15.99
16.03
15.99
15.69
15.7
15.73
15.73
15.92
15.89
15.93
15.91
15.61
15.62
15.66
15.67
16.01
15.98
16.03
16
15.65
15.66
15.73
15.73
15.86
15.83
15.9
15.89
15.54
15.55
15.65
15.65
15.98
15.95
16
15.97
15.64
15.65
15.71
15.71
15.84
15.82
15.89
15.87
15.52
15.53
15.63
15.63
16.06
16.01
16.05
16.01
15.77
15.77
15.8
15.8
15.88
15.85
15.92
15.9
15.63
15.63
15.71
15.71
16.02
15.98
16.02
15.99
15.74
15.74
15.78
15.79
15.86
15.84
15.9
15.88
15.6
15.61
15.69
15.69
16.05
16.01
16.06
16.02
15.76
15.77
15.8
15.8
15.93
15.91
15.95
15.92
15.67
15.68
15.74
15.74
16.03
15.98
16.02
15.99
15.74
15.74
15.78
15.78
15.9
15.87
15.93
15.91
15.65
15.66
15.73
15.73
16
15.97
16.01
15.97
15.65
15.67
15.71
15.71
15.86
15.83
15.88
15.86
15.55
15.56
15.63
15.63
15.98
15.94
15.98
15.94
15.65
15.65
15.69
15.69
15.84
15.81
15.87
15.84
15.53
15.54
15.61
15.61
16.06
16.01
16.03
16
15.77
15.77
15.79
15.79
15.88
15.86
15.9
15.88
15.63
15.64
15.69
15.69
16.02
15.98
16.01
15.98
15.74
15.74
15.77
15.77
15.86
15.84
15.88
15.61
15.62
15.67
15.67
16.05
16.01
16.04
16.01
15.77
15.77
15.79
15.79
15.93
15.91
15.94
15.93
15.68
15.68
15.72
15.72
16.02
15.98
16.01
15.98
15.74
15.74
15.77
15.77
15.9
15.87
15.91
15.89
15.66
15.66
15.7
15.7
16.01
15.98
16.03
16
15.65
15.66
15.73
15.73
15.85
15.82
15.9
15.88
15.53
15.54
15.64
15.64
15.98
15.95
16
15.97
15.65
15.65
15.71
15.71
15.83
15.81
15.88
15.86
15.51
15.52
15.62
15.62
16.06
16.01
16.05
16.02
15.77
15.77
15.8
15.8
15.87
15.85
15.91
15.89
15.62
15.62
15.7
15.7
16.02
15.98
16.02
15.99
15.74
15.74
15.78
15.78
15.85
15.83
15.9
15.88
15.59
15.6
15.68
15.68
16
15.98
16.03
16
15.57
15.59
15.66
15.66
15.87
15.84
15.91
15.89
15.48
15.49
15.6
15.6
15.99
15.95
16
15.97
15.56
15.58
15.67
15.67
15.85
15.82
15.89
15.87
15.47
15.48
15.58
15.58
16.06
16.02
16.05
16.02
15.71
15.71
15.76
15.76
15.89
15.86
15.92
15.9
15.58
15.59
15.67
15.67
16.02
15.98
16.02
15.99
15.69
15.7
15.74
15.73
15.87
15.84
15.91
15.89
15.56
15.57
15.65
15.65
16.06
16.01
16.06
16.02
15.7
15.71
15.75
15.76
15.94
15.91
15.95
15.93
15.63
15.64
15.7
15.7
16.03
15.98
16.03
15.99
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15.9
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15.42
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15.31
15.32
15.39
15.39
15.82
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15.82
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15.41
15.41
15.46
15.46
15.69
15.66
15.71
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15.28
15.3
15.37
15.37
15.9
15.86
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15.58
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15.45
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15.5
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15.5
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15.4
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15.48
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15.28
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15.5
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15.4
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15.8
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15.8
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15.8
15.41
15.43
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15.47
15.7
15.67
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15.7
15.31
15.32
15.39
15.39
15.82
15.77
15.82
15.78
15.41
15.41
15.46
15.46
15.69
15.65
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15.28
15.29
15.36
15.36
15.9
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15.9
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15.4
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15.79
15.84
15.81
15.41
15.41
15.48
15.48
15.67
15.65
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15.7
15.26
15.27
15.37
15.37
15.9
15.86
15.9
15.86
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15.56
15.59
15.59
15.73
15.7
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15.41
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15.84
15.32
15.34
15.41
15.41
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15.69
15.76
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15.22
15.23
15.34
15.33
15.82
15.79
15.84
15.81
15.32
15.33
15.41
15.41
15.69
15.67
15.73
15.71
15.19
15.2
15.31
15.31
15.91
15.86
15.9
15.86
15.48
15.49
15.53
15.53
15.74
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15.78
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15.36
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15.44
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15.51
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15.42
15.9
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15.53
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15.8
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15.41
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15.83
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15.4
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15.9
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15.9
15.58
15.59
15.63
15.63
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15.78
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15.81
15.45
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15.53
15.53
16.01
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15.98
15.96
15.7
15.7
15.72
15.72
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15.83
15.87
15.85
15.58
15.59
15.63
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15.93
15.96
15.93
15.67
15.68
15.7
15.7
15.85
15.81
15.86
15.83
15.55
15.56
15.6
15.6
16
15.97
15.99
15.96
15.7
15.7
15.72
15.72
15.89
15.86
15.89
15.88
15.63
15.64
15.67
15.67
15.98
15.93
15.97
15.93
15.67
15.68
15.7
15.7
15.88
15.85
15.89
15.86
15.61
15.61
15.65
15.65
15.96
15.93
15.96
15.93
15.58
15.59
15.63
15.64
15.82
15.79
15.84
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15.46
15.47
15.54
15.54
15.93
15.9
15.93
15.9
15.58
15.59
15.63
15.63
15.8
15.77
15.82
15.8
15.43
15.44
15.51
15.51
16.01
15.97
15.98
15.96
15.7
15.7
15.72
15.72
15.85
15.82
15.86
15.84
15.56
15.57
15.61
15.61
15.97
15.93
15.96
15.93
15.67
15.68
15.7
15.7
15.84
15.79
15.85
15.82
15.53
15.53
15.58
15.58
16
15.96
15.99
15.96
15.7
15.7
15.72
15.72
15.89
15.86
15.89
15.88
15.63
15.64
15.66
15.66
15.98
15.93
15.96
15.93
15.67
15.68
15.7
15.7
15.88
15.85
15.89
15.86
15.61
15.61
15.64
15.65
15.98
15.95
15.98
15.95
15.5
15.52
15.57
15.57
15.86
15.83
15.88
15.85
15.4
15.41
15.48
15.48
15.96
15.92
15.95
15.92
15.51
15.52
15.57
15.57
15.85
15.81
15.86
15.83
15.37
15.38
15.45
15.45
16.03
15.98
16
15.97
15.64
15.64
15.67
15.67
15.89
15.85
15.89
15.86
15.53
15.53
15.58
15.58
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15.94
15.98
15.94
15.62
15.63
15.65
15.65
15.88
15.82
15.88
15.84
15.49
15.5
15.55
15.55
16.02
15.98
16
15.97
15.64
15.64
15.66
15.66
15.91
15.88
15.91
15.89
15.58
15.59
15.62
15.62
16
15.95
15.98
15.94
15.62
15.63
15.65
15.65
15.9
15.86
15.9
15.87
15.56
15.56
15.6
15.6
15.96
15.93
15.97
15.94
15.57
15.58
15.65
15.65
15.83
15.8
15.87
15.85
15.47
15.48
15.57
15.56
15.93
15.9
15.94
15.91
15.57
15.58
15.64
15.64
15.81
15.78
15.85
15.82
15.44
15.45
15.54
15.54
16.01
15.96
16
15.97
15.7
15.7
15.73
15.73
15.86
15.83
15.89
15.86
15.58
15.58
15.65
15.64
15.97
15.93
15.97
15.93
15.67
15.67
15.71
15.71
15.85
15.81
15.88
15.84
15.54
15.55
15.62
15.62
16
15.96
16.01
15.97
15.69
15.7
15.73
15.73
15.89
15.86
15.91
15.89
15.63
15.63
15.68
15.68
15.98
15.93
15.97
15.94
15.67
15.67
15.71
15.71
15.88
15.85
15.9
15.87
15.6
15.61
15.66
15.66
15.95
15.91
15.95
15.91
15.58
15.59
15.63
15.63
15.83
15.79
15.85
15.82
15.48
15.49
15.55
15.55
15.93
15.88
15.93
15.89
15.57
15.59
15.62
15.63
15.81
15.77
15.83
15.79
15.45
15.46
15.52
15.52
16
15.96
15.98
15.95
15.7
15.7
15.72
15.72
15.86
15.83
15.87
15.85
15.58
15.59
15.62
15.62
15.97
15.93
15.96
15.93
15.67
15.68
15.7
15.7
15.85
15.81
15.86
15.55
15.55
15.6
15.6
16
15.96
15.98
15.95
15.7
15.7
15.72
15.72
15.89
15.86
15.89
15.87
15.63
15.63
15.66
15.66
15.98
15.93
15.96
15.93
15.67
15.68
15.7
15.7
15.88
15.85
15.89
15.86
15.61
15.61
15.64
15.65
15.95
15.93
15.97
15.94
15.58
15.59
15.65
15.65
15.82
15.79
15.87
15.84
15.46
15.47
15.55
15.55
15.93
15.9
15.94
15.92
15.58
15.59
15.65
15.65
15.8
15.77
15.84
15.81
15.43
15.44
15.52
15.52
16.01
15.97
16
15.97
15.7
15.7
15.73
15.73
15.85
15.82
15.89
15.86
15.56
15.57
15.63
15.63
15.97
15.93
15.97
15.94
15.67
15.68
15.72
15.72
15.84
15.79
15.87
15.83
15.53
15.53
15.6
15.6
15.95
15.93
15.97
15.94
15.5
15.52
15.59
15.59
15.84
15.81
15.88
15.85
15.4
15.41
15.5
15.5
15.94
15.9
15.95
15.92
15.51
15.52
15.59
15.59
15.82
15.79
15.85
15.82
15.37
15.38
15.47
15.47
16.01
15.97
16
15.97
15.64
15.65
15.68
15.68
15.87
15.83
15.9
15.87
15.53
15.53
15.6
15.6
15.97
15.93
15.97
15.94
15.62
15.63
15.67
15.67
15.85
15.81
15.88
15.85
15.49
15.5
15.57
15.57
16.01
15.97
16.01
15.97
15.64
15.64
15.68
15.68
15.89
15.86
15.91
15.89
15.58
15.59
15.64
15.64
15.98
15.93
15.98
15.94
15.62
15.63
15.67
15.67
15.89
15.85
15.9
15.88
15.56
15.56
15.62
16.01
15.98
16.01
15.99
15.71
15.72
15.75
15.75
15.9
15.87
15.92
15.89
15.59
15.6
15.66
15.66
16
15.97
15.99
15.97
15.69
15.7
15.74
15.74
15.89
15.85
15.91
15.87
15.55
15.56
15.63
15.63
16.07
16.02
16.04
16.01
15.8
15.81
15.82
15.82
15.94
15.89
15.94
15.91
15.67
15.68
15.72
15.72
16.04
15.99
16.02
15.99
15.77
15.78
15.8
15.8
15.95
15.87
15.94
15.89
15.64
15.64
15.69
15.69
16.06
16.02
16.05
16.01
15.8
15.8
15.82
15.82
15.96
15.92
15.96
15.93
15.72
15.73
15.76
15.76
16.05
16
16.03
15.99
15.77
15.78
15.8
15.8
15.96
15.91
15.95
15.92
15.7
15.71
15.74
15.74
16.02
15.99
16.01
15.99
15.7
15.71
15.75
15.75
15.89
15.86
15.92
15.89
15.56
15.57
15.64
15.64
16.01
15.97
16
15.97
15.69
15.7
15.74
15.74
15.88
15.83
15.9
15.86
15.52
15.53
15.61
15.61
16.07
16.02
16.04
16.01
15.8
15.8
15.82
15.82
15.94
15.88
15.94
15.9
15.65
15.66
15.7
15.7
16.04
15.99
16.02
15.99
15.77
15.78
15.8
15.8
15.94
15.86
15.94
15.88
15.61
15.62
15.67
15.67
16.06
16.02
16.04
16.01
15.8
15.8
15.82
15.82
15.96
15.92
15.96
15.93
15.72
15.73
15.76
15.76
16.05
16
16.03
15.99
15.77
15.78
15.8
15.8
15.96
15.91
15.95
15.92
15.7
15.7
15.74
15.74
16.04
16
16.03
16.01
15.63
15.64
15.69
15.69
15.94
15.89
15.95
15.91
15.51
15.52
15.59
15.59
16.04
15.99
16.02
15.98
15.63
15.64
15.69
15.69
15.93
15.87
15.94
15.89
15.47
15.48
15.56
15.56
16.09
16.04
16.06
16.02
15.75
15.76
15.78
15.78
15.97
15.91
15.96
15.92
15.62
15.63
15.68
15.68
16.06
16.01
16.04
16
15.73
15.73
15.76
15.76
15.98
15.89
15.97
15.9
15.59
15.6
15.65
15.65
16.08
16.03
16.06
16.03
15.74
15.75
15.77
15.78
15.98
15.94
15.97
15.94
15.68
15.69
15.72
15.72
16.08
16.01
16.05
16
15.72
15.73
15.76
15.76
15.98
15.92
15.97
15.93
15.65
15.67
15.7
15.7
16.02
15.99
16.05
16.01
15.7
15.71
15.76
15.76
15.9
15.87
15.95
15.91
15.58
15.59
15.67
15.67
16.01
15.97
16.02
15.98
15.68
15.7
15.75
15.75
15.89
15.84
15.93
15.89
15.54
15.55
15.64
15.63
16.07
16.02
16.05
16.02
15.8
15.8
15.83
15.83
15.94
15.89
15.97
15.93
15.67
15.68
15.74
15.74
16.04
15.99
16.03
15.99
15.77
15.78
15.81
15.81
15.95
15.87
15.97
15.91
15.63
15.64
15.71
15.71
16.06
16.02
16.06
16.02
15.8
15.8
15.83
15.83
15.96
15.92
15.98
15.95
15.72
15.73
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15.77
16.06
16
16.04
16
15.77
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16
15.95
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16.04
16.01
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15.82
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15.89
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15.91
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15.68
15.72
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16.04
15.99
16.02
15.99
15.77
15.78
15.8
15.8
15.94
15.87
15.94
15.64
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15.69
15.69
16.06
16.02
16.04
16.01
15.8
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15.82
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15.92
15.96
15.93
15.72
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15.76
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16.05
16
16.03
15.99
15.77
15.78
15.8
15.8
15.96
15.91
15.95
15.92
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16.05
16.01
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15.71
15.76
15.76
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15.86
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15.91
15.56
15.57
15.65
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16.01
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16.02
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15.69
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15.75
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15.88
15.83
15.93
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15.52
15.53
15.61
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16.07
16.02
16.06
16.02
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15.8
15.83
15.83
15.94
15.88
15.97
15.92
15.65
15.66
15.72
15.72
16.04
15.99
16.04
16
15.77
15.78
15.81
15.81
15.94
15.86
15.97
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15.61
15.62
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15.69
16.02
15.99
16.05
16.01
15.63
15.64
15.7
15.71
15.91
15.87
15.95
15.91
15.51
15.52
15.6
15.6
16.01
15.97
16.02
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15.62
15.64
15.7
15.7
15.9
15.85
15.94
15.89
15.47
15.48
15.57
15.56
16.07
16.02
16.06
16.02
15.75
15.76
15.79
15.79
15.94
15.89
15.97
15.93
15.62
15.63
15.7
15.7
16.05
15.99
16.03
15.99
15.73
15.73
15.77
15.78
15.95
15.87
15.97
15.91
15.59
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15.67
15.67
16.07
16.02
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16.02
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15.75
15.79
15.79
15.96
15.93
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15.74
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16
16.04
16
15.72
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15.68
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15.39
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15.87
15.89
15.86
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15.6
15.62
15.62
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15.79
15.76
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15.47
15.51
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15.89
15.85
15.87
15.84
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15.72
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15.74
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15.87
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15.79
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15.55
15.55
15.9
15.85
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15.49
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15.72
15.69
15.75
15.73
15.33
15.34
15.4
15.4
15.85
15.81
15.84
15.81
15.46
15.47
15.51
15.51
15.71
15.67
15.73
15.7
15.28
15.29
15.37
15.37
15.91
15.87
15.9
15.86
15.6
15.6
15.62
15.61
15.77
15.72
15.78
15.74
15.44
15.45
15.49
15.49
15.89
15.85
15.87
15.84
15.57
15.57
15.59
15.59
15.77
15.7
15.77
15.72
15.4
15.41
15.45
15.46
15.91
15.87
15.9
15.86
15.6
15.6
15.62
15.61
15.81
15.77
15.81
15.78
15.52
15.52
15.55
15.55
15.9
15.85
15.88
15.84
15.57
15.57
15.59
15.59
15.8
15.76
15.8
15.77
15.49
15.49
15.53
15.53
15.89
15.85
15.88
15.85
15.39
15.4
15.45
15.45
15.77
15.73
15.79
15.76
15.25
15.27
15.34
15.34
15.88
15.84
15.87
15.83
15.38
15.39
15.44
15.44
15.76
15.71
15.78
15.74
15.21
15.22
15.3
15.3
15.94
15.89
15.91
15.88
15.54
15.54
15.56
15.56
15.81
15.76
15.81
15.77
15.4
15.41
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15.92
15.86
15.89
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15.52
15.54
15.54
15.81
15.73
15.8
15.75
15.36
15.37
15.42
15.42
15.93
15.89
15.92
15.88
15.53
15.54
15.56
15.56
15.83
15.79
15.83
15.8
15.46
15.47
15.5
15.5
15.93
15.87
15.9
15.86
15.51
15.52
15.54
15.54
15.83
15.77
15.82
15.78
15.43
15.44
15.48
15.48
15.86
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15.89
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15.48
15.53
15.53
15.73
15.7
15.78
15.75
15.35
15.35
15.43
15.43
15.85
15.81
15.85
15.82
15.46
15.47
15.52
15.52
15.72
15.68
15.76
15.73
15.3
15.31
15.4
15.4
15.91
15.87
15.9
15.87
15.6
15.6
15.63
15.62
15.78
15.74
15.81
15.77
15.46
15.46
15.53
15.53
15.89
15.85
15.88
15.85
15.57
15.57
15.61
15.6
15.78
15.71
15.8
15.75
15.42
15.43
15.5
15.5
15.91
15.87
15.91
15.87
15.6
15.6
15.63
15.62
15.81
15.77
15.82
15.8
15.52
15.52
15.57
15.57
15.9
15.85
15.89
15.85
15.57
15.57
15.61
15.6
15.81
15.75
15.82
15.78
15.49
15.49
15.55
15.55
15.86
15.82
15.86
15.82
15.48
15.49
15.52
15.52
15.73
15.69
15.76
15.72
15.35
15.36
15.42
15.42
15.85
15.79
15.84
15.8
15.47
15.47
15.51
15.51
15.72
15.67
15.74
15.7
15.31
15.32
15.39
15.38
15.91
15.87
15.89
15.86
15.6
15.6
15.62
15.61
15.78
15.74
15.78
15.76
15.46
15.47
15.51
15.51
15.89
15.84
15.87
15.84
15.57
15.57
15.59
15.59
15.78
15.72
15.78
15.42
15.43
15.48
15.48
15.91
15.87
15.9
15.86
15.6
15.6
15.62
15.61
15.81
15.77
15.81
15.78
15.52
15.52
15.55
15.55
15.9
15.85
15.88
15.84
15.57
15.57
15.59
15.59
15.8
15.76
15.8
15.77
15.49
15.49
15.53
15.53
15.86
15.83
15.89
15.85
15.48
15.49
15.53
15.53
15.72
15.69
15.78
15.74
15.33
15.34
15.41
15.41
15.85
15.81
15.86
15.82
15.46
15.47
15.52
15.52
15.71
15.67
15.75
15.71
15.28
15.29
15.38
15.37
15.91
15.87
15.9
15.87
15.6
15.6
15.63
15.62
15.77
15.72
15.81
15.77
15.44
15.44
15.51
15.51
15.89
15.85
15.89
15.85
15.57
15.57
15.61
15.6
15.77
15.7
15.79
15.74
15.4
15.4
15.48
15.48
15.86
15.83
15.88
15.85
15.39
15.4
15.46
15.46
15.74
15.71
15.79
15.75
15.25
15.26
15.35
15.34
15.85
15.81
15.86
15.82
15.38
15.39
15.45
15.45
15.73
15.69
15.76
15.73
15.21
15.22
15.31
15.3
15.92
15.88
15.9
15.87
15.53
15.54
15.57
15.57
15.78
15.74
15.81
15.77
15.4
15.41
15.48
15.48
15.89
15.85
15.88
15.85
15.51
15.52
15.56
15.56
15.78
15.72
15.8
15.75
15.36
15.37
15.45
15.45
15.91
15.87
15.91
15.87
15.53
15.54
15.57
15.57
15.81
15.78
15.83
15.8
15.46
15.47
15.52
15.52
15.9
15.85
15.89
15.85
15.51
15.52
15.56
15.56
15.81
15.76
15.82
15.78
15.43
15.44
15.5
Sheet1
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