KNR 253KNR 253Values ClarificationCommunity ReintegrationService Projects/Volunteering

Values ClarificationValues Clarification

Austin, 2009 Dattilo & McKenney, 2011Simon, Howe, & Kirschenbaum, 1978Stumbo Leisure Education booksMany activities on Internet

Values ClarificationValues Clarification“Everything we do, every

decision we make and course of action we take, is based on our consciously or unconsciously held beliefs, attitudes and values.”

Simon et al., 1978, p. 13 Sidney Simon = expert in VC

Values ClarificationValues Clarificationvalues = what we believe to be

importantclarification = to identify and make

clear what is importantValues are:

◦individual◦subject to change◦are demonstrated by the way we live (time,

money, and energy)

ValuesValuesA Value may be defined as:

◦A strongly held belief chosen from among alternatives

◦After careful consideration of the consequences of each alternative

◦That is both prized and esteemed◦Publicly stated◦Publicly acted upon◦And repeated in one’s daily living

Values ClarificationValues ClarificationWhat is Values Clarification?

◦Intervention consisting of Form of questioning A set of activities or strategies and An approach toward subject content

Purpose◦Assist individual become more clear

about their values/lives

Values ClarificationValues ClarificationVC helps people learn to become

aware of their values and sort them out, make choices on the basis of values, and take action based on values

Decide what to do with their Time Money Energy Being

Values ClarificationValues Clarification4 WAYS TO TEACH VALUES:1) Moralizing

◦ Placement of your values on others

2) Laissez-faire◦ No one value system is right, will eventually figure it out

3) Modeling◦ Teach values by the way you live

4) Values Clarification◦ Help people answer own questions and build own value

system◦ Not concerned with content of values but the process of

valuing◦ Assist in becoming aware of own values and standing up

for them

Valuing ProcessValuing Process

A. Choosing One’s Beliefs and Behaviors 1. Choosing from alternatives2. Choosing after consideration of consequences3. Choosing freely

B. Prizing one’s beliefs and behaviors4. Prizing and cherishing

• Do you feel good or are you happy with your choice?

5. Publicly affirming, when appropriate

C. Acting on One’s Beliefs6. Acting7. Acting with a pattern, consistently, and

repetition

Advantages Of Values Advantages Of Values ClarificationClarificationpractical and easy to get startedcan handle a variety of issuesnot very dangerousapplicable to a variety of functional

levelsstrategies or exercises can easily be

adapted to cover different issuesfairly “safe”

Criticisms Of Values ClarificationCriticisms Of Values Clarification

who chooses the subject matter? Ideally the client.

moral vs. non-moral issues. Is it appropriate to talk about moral issues?

no reliance on a particular therapy or body of knowledge

“should we be teaching values?"

FacilitatorFacilitatorAccepting, encouragingNon-judgmentalRespects right not to participateRespects responseEncourages honest responsesListens carefullyPromotes movement through 7 step

processRaises questions

We can be confused about our values in all life areas including leisure

To help clients clarify leisure values, TR professionals can use values clarification strategies

Values ClarificationValues ClarificationRELATION TO LEISURE EDUCATIONLEISURE AWARENESS (full of values)SELF-AWARENESS DECISION/MAKING

◦ Examples: WORK ETHIC VS. INABILITY TO WORK [RETIRED,

DISABLILITY] PERFECTIONISM VS WANTING TO ENJOY LIFE

[HAVING TO DO IT RIGHT] WORK COMES 1ST VS. FAMILY COMES 1ST.

Dattilo says:Dattilo says:TR can use 3 methods for VC

◦Individual clarifying response Not planned Encourages participants to think further

about ideas and beliefs

◦Group discussions◦Value sheets

OR combination of all 3

Values Clarification Values Clarification ActivitiesActivities

Strategies/Exercises can be easily adapted to cover different issues◦Coat of Arms:

Greatest achievement to date Leisure activity you enjoy the most

◦Bucket List 25 things you want to do before you are 50

Values Clarification Values Clarification ExamplesExamples20 Things I Love To Do

Clothes and Values◦List items of clothing/jewelry◦What I want my clothing/jewelry to

say about me◦What my clothing/jewelry does say

about me to others

Values Clarification Values Clarification ExamplesExamplesLeisure on Recreate Island

Other decision making activities

Values Clarification LabValues Clarification LabGroup session that focuses on

some aspect of decision-making◦Remember decision-making is more

complex that choosing activities of interest

ORUse values clarification activities

for some aspect of LE. Discuss which content areas of LE are most appropriate for values clarification

Community Community (Re)Integration(Re)IntegrationArmstrong & Lauzen, 1994Stumbo & Wardlaw, 2011

Community Community (Re)Integration(Re)IntegrationTerms that represent a loose

coalition of skills needed to reside in the least restrictive environment

Is not just about physical integration in a community setting or teaching someone to use public transportation

It is also about teaching self-advocacy skills, problem-solving skills, social norms, etc.

Community Community (Re)Integration(Re)IntegrationVariety of skill sets need to

transition for institutional settings to community settings◦Leisure education◦Quality of life

Pain management Finances

Community Integration Community Integration ProgramProgramArmstrong & Lauzen, 1994Armstrong & Lauzen, 1994Purpose:

◦Provide opportunities and experiences for the patient that promote the development & application of new knowledge, skills, & attitudes necessary for successful participation in daily community living

Goals◦Application of skills◦Socialization◦Problem solving◦Resource guidance

Community Integration Community Integration ProgramProgramArmstrong & Lauzen, 1994Armstrong & Lauzen, 19943 basic steps (after skills learned

in clinical setting & in tandem with leisure education program)◦Pre-test

Ability to verbally walk/talk thru steps for successful integration

◦Field trial Demonstrate skill in natural setting

◦Post-test Ability to remember problems & solutions

encountered in the outing

Community Integration Community Integration ProgramProgramModules:Modules:Community Environment

◦Environmental safety◦Emergency preparation◦Basic survival skills

Cultural Activity (at least 1)◦Theater◦Restaurant◦Library◦Sporting event

Community Integration Community Integration ProgramProgramModules:Modules:Community activity (at least 1)

◦Shopping mall◦Grocery store◦Downtown◦Bank◦Laundromat◦Community skills

Community Integration Community Integration ProgramProgramModules:Modules:Transportation (at least 1)

◦Personal travel◦Taxi◦Train◦Air travel◦City bus◦Bus station

Community Integration Community Integration ProgramProgramModules:Modules:Physical activity (suggest attend

1 at least 2 times)◦Aquatics◦Wheelchair sports◦Physical leisure activity

Individual Plan (at least 1 group & 1 patient directed)◦Leisure activity

Community Community (Re)Integration(Re)IntegrationPlan, implement and evaluate a

group session that focuses on skills needed to transition from institutional settings to community settings (e.g., self-advocacy, problem-solving skills)

Service Projects/Service Projects/VolunteerismVolunteerismStroud, Miller, Schleien, & Adams, 2006

Service Projects/Service Projects/VolunteerismVolunteerismPrograms where volunteering is

the target recreation activityEmpowers PWD to serve others

vs. being the recipient of servicesOutcome: increases in skill

development, self-esteem, social networking, sense of community & empowerment

Service Projects/Service Projects/VolunteerismVolunteerismRequires planningActivity analysisTask analysisFacilitator InclusionTeam building activitiesProcessing

Service Projects/Service Projects/VolunteerismVolunteerismPark districtsHumane societyOthers?

ProcessingProcessingHeart

◦Something that comes from the heart regarding what you learned today

Club◦Things that grew today (new ideas,

new thoughts, new points of view)Spades

◦Used to dig up new or old ideasDiamonds

◦Gems of wisdom from today’s class