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Knowledge Theory & A Unified Theory of AI

Y. X . ZhongUniv. of Posts & Telecom, Beijing

yxzhong@ieee.org

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List of Contents

1, Fundamentals of Knowledge Theory

2, How Is KT Crucial To AI?

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1. Knowledge Theory:Fundamentals

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Knowledge is something that can be used for answeringcertain questions.

The basic question is the standard alternative problem with 2n equally-possible answers, n>1. Its amount of question is defined as n unit of the amount of question – n alt.

If a piece of knowledge can exactly answer one of suchquestions, the amount of the knowledge is defined as n unitof the amount of knowledge – n alt.

Functional Definition of Knowledge

1/2

1/2A Standard Alternative Question

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Knowledge is a description of a class of events on -- their states at which the events may stay and -- the law the states may vary from one to another.

Descriptive Definition of Knowledge

S(1)

S(2)

S(n)

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Representation of Knowledge

The key elements for knowledge representation are (1) The States (2) The Relationship among The States

“John gives Mary the book”

Give

BookMary

G1 B23JohnGiver

ObjectRecipient

ISA

ISA

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General Representation of Knowledge

Large-scale,Multi-Branch, Hierarchical,Dynamic and InteractedComplexNetwork withWeights

Concept is theElement of knowledge.

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Compared with the definition of the epistemological information, it is found that knowledge is the result of theepistemological information refining (induction):

States – States Manner of State Varying – Law of State Varying

Epistemological Information is the description of an eventon its states at which the events may stay and the manner the states may vary from one to another.

Relation between Knowledge & Information

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Categorization of Knowledge

It might be reasonable to classify the knowledge in accordancewith the branches of science & Technology. But, it will be meaningless for Knowledge Theory research. Instead, knowledge is suggested to classify into formal, content, and value components

Representation: p (possibility), r (rationality), v (value)

States x1 xn xN

Possibility p1 pn pN

Rationality r1 rn rN

Value v1 vn vN

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FC

N

QPC

RK

n nnnn

nnnn

n nnnnn

)]1log()1(log

)1log()1(log[1

)(loglog

);,( ****

**

*

Where npn)·(rn)·(vn)

K(P, P*;U), K(R, R*;U), K(V,V*;U)

Measures of Knowledge Amount

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InherentKnowledge

EmpiricalKnowledge

RegularKnowledge

CommonsenseKnowledge

Internal Ecosystem of Knowledge Growth

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External Ecosystem of Knowledge

Information Knowledge Intelligence

CognitionDecisionMaking

Knowledge is the crucial gateway for linking Information on one hand and intelligence on the other.

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Information-Knowledge Transformation (Knowledge Discovery)

General Algorithms

Induction

Induction

Deduction

SyntacticInformation

PragmaticInformation

Goal

Formal Knowledge

Value Knowledge

ContentKnowledge

Semantic

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Knowledge-Intelligence Transformation: Algorithms in Principle

Deduction/Induction

Algorithms

KnowledgeBase

Information On P & C

G

IntelligentStrategy

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Knowledge-Intelligence TransformationAlgorithm More Specific

Goal

Problem

Constraints KB

AnalysisInference

Computation

Comparison&

DistanceComputing

IntelligentStrategy

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2, How Is KT Crucial to AI?

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Sensor-Motor

Validation

Expert System

Neural Network

P-C-G

KT and The Unified AI

Information Knowledge Intelligence

I-Action A

cqu

isition

Execu

tion

Popularization

E.K

R.K

R.K

C.K

C.K-2

C.K-1

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Framework & Algorithms Are Feasible

Algorithms for Knowledge Intelligence Transformation -- Experience-Based: Neural Networks and the like -- Regular K-Based: Expert Systems -- Common K-Based: Senor-Motor

Algorithms for Information Knowledge Transformation -- information experience: Induction Algorithms (PR, Data-Mining, Knowledge Discovery, …) -- old knowledge new one: Deduction Algorithms (Logic Reasoning, Rough Set Theory…) -- Regular K Common knowledge: popularization

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Implications & Open Problems

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1, Knowledge Theory is important because it is a midway to intelligence. Intelligence Theory is important because it is the ability to solve problems (Macro Ecosystem).

3, The transformation of information-knowledge-intelligence will play a central role in the development of science and technology in formation age as that of energy conversion in industrial age.

2, Due to the knowledge ecology (Micro Ecosystem), AI should mean the trinity (Unification) of traditional AI, Computational Intelligence and senor-motor systems.

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