Norsk og Nordisk forskning i det sentrale Polhavet – Møte i Det Norske Videnskapsakademi 17 april 2013

Klima, oseanografi og is i Polhavet

Prof. Stein Sandvendirektør ved Nansen Senteret

Norsk og Nordisk forskning i det sentrale Polhavet – Møte i Det Norske Videnskapsakademi 17 april 2013

Arctic Climate System

Warm surface watersCold Arctic watersCold deep waters River runoff

100 Gt/year = 0.3

mm/yr

•Warming•ice/snow melting•Increase run-off•Wildcard - Greenland Ice Sheet•Deep water formation conveyour belt•Strong natural variablity

Norsk og Nordisk forskning i det sentrale Polhavet – Møte i Det Norske Videnskapsakademi 17 april 2013

Arctic-wide annual average surface air temperature anomalies relative to the 1961-90 mean, based on land stations north of 60°N. Data are from the CRUTEM 3v dataset, available online at www.cru.uea.ac.uk/cru/ data/temperature/. Note this curve does not include marine observations.

Arctic air temperature 1900 - 2010

Norsk og Nordisk forskning i det sentrale Polhavet – Møte i Det Norske Videnskapsakademi 17 april 2013

Bergen Climate Model (BCM)Simulation of sea surface temperture 2000-2100

Norsk og Nordisk forskning i det sentrale Polhavet – Møte i Det Norske Videnskapsakademi 17 april 2013

Predicted Arctic sea ice area in September during 21st century

Comparison of output from 18 different CMIP3 GCM’s. Reference sea ice extent is mean the sea ice extent from 1979-2007 (“Satellite Era”). Forcing is the SRES A1B emissions scenario “medium forcing” ie CO2 concentrations of 700 ppm by 2100 (from [Boe et al., 2009]).

30 years of satellite data

Norsk og Nordisk forskning i det sentrale Polhavet – Møte i Det Norske Videnskapsakademi 17 april 2013

Arctic ocean circulation and water masses

Modified from B. Rudels (2011; Encyclopedia of the ocean: Arctic Ocean circulation)

Norsk og Nordisk forskning i det sentrale Polhavet – Møte i Det Norske Videnskapsakademi 17 april 2013

Oceanographic profile data from the Arctic basins

Modified from B. Rudels (2011; Encyclopedia of the ocean: Arctic Ocean circulation)

Temperature Salinity

Norsk og Nordisk forskning i det sentrale Polhavet – Møte i Det Norske Videnskapsakademi 17 april 2013

Observed thickness reductionfrom submarine data 1975 -2000

and from satellites from 2003

Mean thickness:1980: 3.42 m, 2000: 2.29 m (Rothrock et al., 2008Kwok andUntersteiner, 2011)

Norsk og Nordisk forskning i det sentrale Polhavet – Møte i Det Norske Videnskapsakademi 17 april 2013

Norsk og Nordisk forskning i det sentrale Polhavet – Møte i Det Norske Videnskapsakademi 17 april 2013

The Ice-Tethered Profiler data are collected and made available by the ITP program based at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, starting in 2006 (http://www.whoi.edu/itp).

Oceanographic buoy programmeIce Tethered Profilers: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

Norsk og Nordisk forskning i det sentrale Polhavet – Møte i Det Norske Videnskapsakademi 17 april 2013

•French programme 2012-2019coordinated by Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris (Jean-Claude Gascard)

•Strategy* 15 autonomous platforms operating at

any given time during 6 years.* 6 new platforms every year (exit thru

Fram S., detroyed by ice ridges) >>> * total of 40.• Expected life time : 2 years pr platform • Logistics: 2 deployment periods per year

Norsk og Nordisk forskning i det sentrale Polhavet – Møte i Det Norske Videnskapsakademi 17 april 2013

Vision: Multipurpose acoustic system for the Arctic

Arctic Ocean Observing System using Acoustic Network and underwater platforms

Ongoing

The vision

Projects coordinated by NERSC: ACOBAR – EU: 2008 – 2013UNDER-ICE (NFR): 2013-2017

Norsk og Nordisk forskning i det sentrale Polhavet – Møte i Det Norske Videnskapsakademi 17 april 2013

Acoustic propagation: travel times can be used tomonitor longterm temperature change in the deep ocean

AMOC project, Johannessen et al 2001

Deep going rays

Trapped rays

Norsk og Nordisk forskning i det sentrale Polhavet – Møte i Det Norske Videnskapsakademi 17 april 2013

• The background document was produced in 2005 by the EuroGOOS Arctic Task Team

• Arctic ROOS is a contribution to the IPY project no. 379: "IPY Operational Oceanography for the Arctic Ocean and adjacent seas" coordinated by Prof. Ola M. Johannessen, endorsed by IPY 2006.

• Arctic ROOS was established in December 2007 at the foundation meeting in Luleå, hosted by EuroGOOS and SMHI

• S. Sandven from Nansen Center in Norway was elected chair and hosts the secretariat of Arctic ROOS

Arctic ROOSArctic Regional Ocean Observing System: An association of 16 member institutions from 9 European countries with the aim to develop Arctic components of Global Ocean Observing System

http://arctic-roos.org/