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Techno-Bullying: Intervention and Prevention Strategies for Managing Bullying by the Use of Technology. Kimberly L. Mason, Ph.D. Cleveland State University [email protected] June 29, 2005 American School Counselor Association Conference. Techno-Bullying. Tragic story of Ryan Halligan. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Techno-Bullying:Techno-Bullying: Intervention and Prevention Intervention and Prevention
StrategiesStrategiesfor Managing Bullyingfor Managing Bullying
by the Use of Technologyby the Use of Technology
Kimberly L. Mason, Ph.D.Kimberly L. Mason, Ph.D.Cleveland State UniversityCleveland State [email protected]@csuohio.edu
June 29, 2005June 29, 2005American School Counselor Association American School Counselor Association
ConferenceConference
22
Techno-BullyingTechno-Bullying
Tragic story of Ryan HalliganTragic story of Ryan Halligan
33
What is Techno-Bullying?What is Techno-Bullying?
Bullying by mobile, wireless, and Internet Bullying by mobile, wireless, and Internet technologies technologies
Sending or posting harmful/cruel text messages Sending or posting harmful/cruel text messages or imagesor images
Power, Control, & Human RelationshipsPower, Control, & Human Relationships– harassharass– degradedegrade– inflict harminflict harm– inflict fearinflict fear
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Forms of Techno-BullyingForms of Techno-Bullying
FlamingFlaming
HarassmentHarassment
CyberstalkingCyberstalking
Denigration (put-downs)Denigration (put-downs)
MasqueradeMasquerade
Outing and TrickeryOuting and Trickery
ExclusionExclusion
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Prevalence of Techno-BullyingPrevalence of Techno-Bullying
91% of 12 to 15 years old accessed the internet regularly 91% of 12 to 15 years old accessed the internet regularly (UCLA Center for Communication Policy, 2003) (UCLA Center for Communication Policy, 2003)
Almost 99% of all teens ages 16 to 18 surveyed stated Almost 99% of all teens ages 16 to 18 surveyed stated using the internet (UCLA Center for Communication Policy, using the internet (UCLA Center for Communication Policy, 2003) 2003)
50% of kids are alone online most of the time, and only 50% of kids are alone online most of the time, and only 16% stated they talk to their parents about what they do 16% stated they talk to their parents about what they do online (Media Awareness Network, 2004). online (Media Awareness Network, 2004).
Berson, Berson, and Ferron (2002), found 74% of girls ages Berson, Berson, and Ferron (2002), found 74% of girls ages 12 to 18 spent majority of their time online in chat rooms or 12 to 18 spent majority of their time online in chat rooms or sending instant messages and emailsending instant messages and email
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Prevalence of Techno-Bullying (cont)Prevalence of Techno-Bullying (cont)
One in every seventeen kids reported being One in every seventeen kids reported being threatened/harassed while using Internet (U.S. Department of threatened/harassed while using Internet (U.S. Department of Justice, 2001)Justice, 2001)
i-SAFE America found 57% of 4i-SAFE America found 57% of 4thth-8-8thth graders were bullied online graders were bullied online (MarketWire, 2004)(MarketWire, 2004)
25% students received material that said hateful things about 25% students received material that said hateful things about another person (Snider & Bordel, 2004 ) another person (Snider & Bordel, 2004 )
30% of 9 and 10 year olds, and over 70% of 15-17 year olds, 30% of 9 and 10 year olds, and over 70% of 15-17 year olds, visit chat rooms (Media Awareness Network, 2004)visit chat rooms (Media Awareness Network, 2004)
More than 45% of young Canadians use instant messaging More than 45% of young Canadians use instant messaging (Media Awareness Network, 2004) (Media Awareness Network, 2004)
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Why This Form?Why This Form?
Two Factors to consider:Two Factors to consider:
– EnvironmentalEnvironmental
– Motivational Motivational
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Why This Form? Why This Form? (Environmental)(Environmental)
Disinhibition Disinhibition – You don’t know meYou don’t know me
dissociative anonymity dissociative anonymity
experimentation with multiple identitiesexperimentation with multiple identities
– You can’t see me You can’t see me
illusion of invisibility illusion of invisibility
moral values and social expectationsmoral values and social expectations reduction of social and contextual cues and tangible reduction of social and contextual cues and tangible feedback feedback
different social expectations for different online different social expectations for different online environments environments
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Why This Form? Why This Form? (Environmental)(Environmental)
– It’s just a game It’s just a game
underdeveloped empathy skillsunderdeveloped empathy skills
lack of impulse controllack of impulse control
underdeveloped an internal behavior control underdeveloped an internal behavior control mechanismmechanism
ineffective problem solving skillsineffective problem solving skills
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Why This Form? Why This Form? (Motivational)(Motivational)
4 Types of Technobullies4 Types of Technobullies
– Vengeful AngelVengeful Angelsee as righting wrongssee as righting wrongsbecomes a bullybecomes a bullyworks aloneworks aloneinvolved in protecting friend/othersinvolved in protecting friend/others
– Power-Hungry or Revenge of the NerdPower-Hungry or Revenge of the Nerdpower and controlpower and controlusually needs an audienceusually needs an audienceneeds the reactionneeds the reactiontypically the victim of offline bullyingtypically the victim of offline bullyingone-to-oneone-to-onekeeps a secretkeeps a secret
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Why This Form? Why This Form? (Motivational)(Motivational)
4 Types of Technobullies (cont)4 Types of Technobullies (cont)
– The Mean GirlsThe Mean Girlsbored or to entertainbored or to entertainego-basedego-basedmost immaturemost immaturedone in group or planneddone in group or plannedrequires an audiencerequires an audience
– The Inadvertent TechnobullyThe Inadvertent Technobullydoes not think he/she is a bullydoes not think he/she is a bullynot intentionalnot intentional because I canbecause I canacts out role-playingacts out role-playingusually done alone or when accusedusually done alone or when accused
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What’s the Impact?What’s the Impact?
Low self-esteemLow self-esteem
DepressionDepression
AnxietyAnxiety
AngerAnger
School failureSchool failure
School avoidanceSchool avoidance
School violenceSchool violence
SuicideSuicide
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Ways Kids TechnobullyWays Kids Technobully
E-mailE-mail– electronic mail electronic mail – transmission of messages over communication transmission of messages over communication
networks networks – not realtime not realtime – broadcast a message/document to everyone in broadcast a message/document to everyone in
the group at oncethe group at once
2 Types 2 Types flame mailflame mailhate mailhate mail
Phishing - deceptive e-mailsSpoofing - when your e-mail isn't your e-mail
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Ways Kids TechnobullyWays Kids Technobully
Chat Rooms/Bash BoardsChat Rooms/Bash Boards
Internet Relay Chat (IRC)Internet Relay Chat (IRC) – live, real-time conversations with as many live, real-time conversations with as many
people at the same timepeople at the same time– conversation with a groupconversation with a group– stored in temporary memory stored in temporary memory – online bulletin boardonline bulletin board– write anonymously write anonymously – write anythingwrite anything
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Ways Kids TechnobullyWays Kids Technobully
Instant Messaging Instant Messaging – combines the live nature of chat rooms with combines the live nature of chat rooms with
the personalized contact of e-mail the personalized contact of e-mail – instant message exchanges messages in instant message exchanges messages in
realtime between two people realtime between two people – stored in temporary memorystored in temporary memory– buddy Listsbuddy Lists– steal passwords and assume identity steal passwords and assume identity – AOL's Instant Messenger (AIM), ICQ, AOL's Instant Messenger (AIM), ICQ,
Microsoft's MSN Messenger, Window Microsoft's MSN Messenger, Window Messenger, and Yahoo! Messenger, TrillianMessenger, and Yahoo! Messenger, Trillian
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Ways Kids TechnobullyWays Kids Technobully
– IM Lingo IM Lingo – AcronymsAcronyms
abbreviations, symbols, and acronymsabbreviations, symbols, and acronyms – BTW = By the way BTW = By the way – BRB = Be right back BRB = Be right back – AFK = Away from keyboard AFK = Away from keyboard – BBL = Be back later BBL = Be back later – >LOL> Laughing out loud>LOL> Laughing out loud– <BFN> Bye for now<BFN> Bye for now
1717
Ways Kids TechnobullyWays Kids Technobully
– IM Emoticons IM Emoticons (emotion + icon)(emotion + icon) express the emotion behind a word , phase express the emotion behind a word , phase or sentenceor sentence
;);):*(:*(
:P:P
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Ways Kids TechnobullyWays Kids Technobully
Small Text MessagesSmall Text Messages– short text messages (SMS) sent and short text messages (SMS) sent and
transmitted from a cell phone transmitted from a cell phone – use abbreviations and symbolsuse abbreviations and symbols – 140-160 characters140-160 characters– challenging for adults to monitorchallenging for adults to monitor
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Ways Kids TechnobullyWays Kids Technobully
Small Text Messages (cont)Small Text Messages (cont)
f U do not undRstNd DIS sNteNc U nEd f U do not undRstNd DIS sNteNc U nEd 2 2
Lern txt lingoLern txt lingo
rofl lmao rofl lmao
Teenangels Chat TranslatorTeenangels Chat Translator
2020
Ways Kids TechnobullyWays Kids Technobully
Digital Cell PhonesDigital Cell Phones– camera enabled cell phonescamera enabled cell phones– nude and degrading pictures of other kids nude and degrading pictures of other kids – distributed throughout the school by email distributed throughout the school by email – placed on a Web site to mock and humiliateplaced on a Web site to mock and humiliate
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Ways Kids TechnobullyWays Kids Technobully
Web Sites/BlogsWeb Sites/Blogs– location on WWWlocation on WWW– blogs – online journalsblogs – online journals– mock, torment, and harass others mock, torment, and harass others – post other kids personal information and picturespost other kids personal information and pictures– ““RSS" stands for "really simple syndication”RSS" stands for "really simple syndication”
Blurty.com, Bloglines.com, Xanga.com, LiveJournal.com, DeadJournal.com, Diaryland.com, Newsisfree.com, StudentCenter.org, Bolt.com, HotorNot.com, Alloy.com, eCrush.com
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Ways Kids TechnobullyWays Kids Technobully
Voting/Polling BoothsVoting/Polling Booths– allows users to vote online allows users to vote online – Who’s Hot? Who’s Not?Who’s Hot? Who’s Not?– the fattiest, ugliest, dirtiest, etc.. boy or girl at the fattiest, ugliest, dirtiest, etc.. boy or girl at
schoolschool– www.freevote.comwww.freevote.com
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What Can Be Done?What Can Be Done?
Recognize the signsRecognize the signs– spending a lot of time on the computerspending a lot of time on the computer– a reluctance to use the computer or go to a reluctance to use the computer or go to
schoolschool– having trouble sleeping or having nightmareshaving trouble sleeping or having nightmares– crying without reasoncrying without reason– mood swingsmood swings– not feeling wellnot feeling well– becoming anti-socialbecoming anti-social– falling behind in school workfalling behind in school work
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What Can Be Done?What Can Be Done?Tell an adult you know and trust
Don't reply to messages
Do not erase or delete messages
Make of copy – SAVE EVERYTHING
Disable old address, names, passwordsDisable old address, names, passwords
Develop a new onesDevelop a new ones
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What Can Be Done? (cont)What Can Be Done? (cont)
Send warnings that it is an offense to use the mobile phone Send warnings that it is an offense to use the mobile phone in a harassing wayin a harassing way
If the bully is a student at your child’s school, meet with If the bully is a student at your child’s school, meet with school officials and ask for assistance in resolving the school officials and ask for assistance in resolving the situation. situation.
Enable “Block”, Ignore”, “Ban” featureEnable “Block”, Ignore”, “Ban” feature
Inform your Internet Service Provider (ISP) or cell phone/pager service provider (MSP)
Inform your local police
CyberLawEnforcement.org CyberLawEnforcement.org
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Who Can Help?Who Can Help?
Home, School, Peer, and Community InvolvementHome, School, Peer, and Community Involvement
Awareness Awareness
EducationEducation
TeachTeach– empathy skillsempathy skills– kindnesskindness– respectrespect– decision-making skillsdecision-making skills– problem-solving skillsproblem-solving skills
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What Can Parents Do?What Can Parents Do?
Get involved and be awareGet involved and be aware
ListenListen
Learn everything about the Internet and what your kids are Learn everything about the Internet and what your kids are doing online doing online
Encourage your kids to come to you if they are victims of Encourage your kids to come to you if they are victims of techno-bullying techno-bullying
Encourage your child to develop his or her own moral code Encourage your child to develop his or her own moral code
Emphasize your expectation that he or she do what is right in Emphasize your expectation that he or she do what is right in accord with your family’s values accord with your family’s values
Negotiate an online agreement with your kids Negotiate an online agreement with your kids
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What Can Parents Do? (cont)What Can Parents Do? (cont)
““Google” your childGoogle” your child
Watch out for signs that your child is being technobullied Watch out for signs that your child is being technobullied
Report any incident Report any incident
Involve all partiesInvolve all parties
Install Monitoring/Filtering ProgramsInstall Monitoring/Filtering Programs– SpectorSoftSpectorSoft– eBlastereBlaster– NetNannyNetNanny– SpyAgentSpyAgent– SoftProbeSoftProbe– ActivityLoggerActivityLogger
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What Can Schools Do?What Can Schools Do?
Conduct an audit of its technology uses and needs Conduct an audit of its technology uses and needs
Integrate curriculum-based anti-bullying programs into Integrate curriculum-based anti-bullying programs into classroomsclassrooms
Make sure all school faculty and staff, students, parents, Make sure all school faculty and staff, students, parents, and the community are educated and the community are educated
Change the bullying policyChange the bullying policy
Update computer Acceptable Use PolicyUpdate computer Acceptable Use Policy– Parents and students sign itParents and students sign it
3030
What Can Schools Do? (cont)What Can Schools Do? (cont)
Offer counseling services to the victims, bullies, Offer counseling services to the victims, bullies, and their familiesand their families
Establish Anonymous reporting boxesEstablish Anonymous reporting boxes
Provide warning to cyberbullies and their parents Provide warning to cyberbullies and their parents of possible negative consequences.of possible negative consequences.
Ask students for their input or suggestionsAsk students for their input or suggestions
Be attentive to free speech standardsBe attentive to free speech standards
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What Can Kids Do?What Can Kids Do?
Seven Rules of Dealing with BulliesSeven Rules of Dealing with Bullies– don’t respond or engagedon’t respond or engage– keep all abusive emails, instant messages, etc.keep all abusive emails, instant messages, etc.– understand technobullyingunderstand technobullying– get helpget help– become alert to provocationbecome alert to provocation– become an observerbecome an observer– prepare to take action/take a stand with peersprepare to take action/take a stand with peers
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What Can Kids Do? (cont)What Can Kids Do? (cont)
Never give out password, PIN, or personal informationNever give out password, PIN, or personal information
Only communicate with people you trust (buddy list)Only communicate with people you trust (buddy list)
Never accept a file or download from someone you do Never accept a file or download from someone you do not know/trustnot know/trust
Choose a screen name that does not give personal Choose a screen name that does not give personal informationinformation
Don’t configure IM for automatic logonDon’t configure IM for automatic logon
Don’t post screen name Don’t post screen name
3333
What Can Kids Do? (cont)What Can Kids Do? (cont)
Use Netiquette
Use hard to guess passwords
Think B4U click
Take five
Google themselves
3434
What Can the Community Do?What Can the Community Do?
BusinessesBusinesses
Community agencies Community agencies
Mental health professionals Mental health professionals
NeighborhoodNeighborhood
Church Church
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Legislature SupportLegislature Support
Rep. Jimmy Stewart, a Republican from Athens, OH
Sponsor of a bill that would require Ohio schools to develop anti-bullying policies.
He states, “ I would be willing to consider a provision that deals with technobullying. He's skeptical about how effective it would be.
“In the end, a policy is effective only if teachers, parents and students are aware of it.”
3636
Techno-BullyingTechno-Bullying
It is everyone’s business and the It is everyone’s business and the best response to combat it is a best response to combat it is a
pro-active or preventive one from pro-active or preventive one from school administrators, teachers, school administrators, teachers,
counselors, students, parents, and counselors, students, parents, and the community. the community.
3737
Questions?Questions?