Kill-a-watt and Kilowatts:Energy Efficiency, Solar, and Sustainability

Alex Chase, Energy SolutionsTomakin Archambault, SunEdison

March 30, 2011Bellarmine Sustainability Teach-In

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Who We AreAlex • Undergrad: Environmental Engineering,

Northwestern University• Grad: Civil and Environmental Engineering

(Energy focus), Stanford University• Met Tomakin at Rocky Mountain Institute• Currently work at Energy Solutions

Tomakin• Undergrad: Mechanical Engineering,

University of Denver • Grad: Civil and Environmental Engineering

(Energy focus), Stanford University• Met Alex at Rocky Mountain Institute• Currently work at SunEdison

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How do we know Mr. McCullough?

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300 Years of FOSSIL FUELS in 300 Seconds

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cJ-J91SwP8w– From the Post Carbon Institute

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April 2010:Upper Big Branch Coal Mine Explosion, West Virginia

The entrance to the Upper Big Branch Coal Mine in West Virginia right after 25 workers were killed in an explosion on April 5, 2011.

The worst mine accident in the United States in more than two decades.

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April 2010: Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill,

Gulf of Mexico

Fire boats battled a fire at the offshore oil rig Deepwater Horizon on April 21, 2010 in the Gulf of Mexico off the coast of Louisiana. For more than 80 days, millions of gallons of oil spewed into the gulf, raising concerns about long-term environmental damage.

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March 2011:Japanese Nuclear Plant Partial Meltdown

A Tokyo Power and Electric Company photograph showing extensive damage to the buildings housing reactor No. 3, left, and reactor No. 4 at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Plant.

Emergency workers prepare to treat workers exposed to radiation.

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March 2011:Libyan Oil Refinery Burning

A cloud of black smoke from a burning oil storage facility in the refinery at Ras Lanuf in Libya stretched over 50 miles west.

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Any Solutions?

Energy Efficiency and Renewables = The Twin Pillars of Sustainability

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Electric vehicles can help us shift from dirty to cleaner fuel sources

In June of 2010, Tesla (TSLA) held an IPO for a company focused on high-end electric cars

By the end of 2011, over 9 models of electric car will be available to the mass market

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Wind energy can lower our dependence on coal, natural gas, and nuclear power

45GW expected installation in 2011 according to Bloomberg New Energy Finance

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Solar is a cleaner and safer power source

2010 was best year ever for solar PV installations, maintaining 40% CAGR

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Energy Efficiency is biggest, fastest, and cheapest, strategy to reduce global warming pollution

“Available untapped efficiency can save half U.S. oil and gas, and three-fourths of electricity, at one-sixth today’s average cost of buying them” –Amory Lovins

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Pop Quiz

• What percent of total U.S. energy consumption comes from solar and wind?– A) 0.8%– B) 1.8%– C) 3.8%– D) 18%

• A, 0.8%

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Pop Quiz

• What percent of total U.S. energy consumption comes from dirty fossil fuels?– A) 3%– B) 8%– C) 38%– D) 83%

• D, 83%

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Where are we at today?

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The Challenge

Today• Fossil Fuels & Nuclear = 92%• Renewables = 8%

Future???• Fossil Fuels & Nuclear = 8%• Renewables = 92%

How do we get there?

YOU!

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What do you want energy for?

• Who wants to have their own oil drums?

• Who wants a sack of coal?

• Who wants nuclear fuel pellets?

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What do you want energy for?

• Who likes to check their facebook account?

• Who likes to listen to their iPod?

• Who likes hot showers?

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What do we want energy for?

• We want the services that energy provides:– Facebook– iPods– Hot showers– Mobility– Warmth or coolth– Cooking– Light– Etc….

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So, how can we can get the same service but use less energy to get it?

ENERGY EFFICIENCY

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What’s the difference between energy efficiency and energy conservation?

Energy Conservation• Energy conservation is

turning down the thermostat in the winter

• (Less service & Less energy)

Energy Efficiency• Energy efficiency is using a

more efficient furnace

• (Same service & Less energy)

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What’s the difference between energy efficiency and energy conservation?

Energy Conservation• Energy conservation is saving

energy by watching less TV

• (Less service & Less energy)

Energy Efficiency• Energy efficiency is saving

energy by watching a program on an efficient TV

• (Same service & Less energy)

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Supply and Demand55%

wasted

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TV Example (new LED backlights)

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TV Example (new plasmas)

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TVs: what is driving innovation?

• ENERGY STAR

• Consumer demand

• Codes & Standards

• Incentive Programs

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Set-Top Box Example

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Supply and Demand8% renewables

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Electricity Energy Losses

Saving energy on demand side has a multiplier effect on the supply side

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What is Solar Energy (two types)PV = Photovoltaics =

Electricity = Facebook

Solar thermal = heat from the sun =

hot showers

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People, riends, & Energy Demand

2007 2015 2020 2025 2030 20350

50100150200250300350400450500

OECDNon-OECD

Qua

drill

ion

BTU

Population growth is highest in developing countries.

People like to Friend.

Growth in energy consumption in Non-OECD countries will experience highest growth

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Africa: an example of the clean energy opportunity

The Challenge:• 1 Billion people• Lowest rate of electrification of

any continent (less than 40% with access)—home to 1/3 of all people without access, worldwide

• Aging energy infrastructure

The Opportunity:• Some of the best solar irradiance

in the world• Clean slate• Leap-frogging?

• Egypt, Tunisia, Morocco, South Africa, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and UAE

• SunEdison is in active dialogue regarding solar programs in all of the early regional entrants

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Solar is ubiquitous.

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Solar is expensive……but how valuable is the service?

A mobile medicine delivery vehicle camel keeps medicine cool with PV.

Using the sun to keep cool.

PV provides services to a rural village.

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Case Study: PV at ScaleRovigo: 70 MW in Italy = 16,500 homes

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Solar’s Challenges

• Expensive declining cost curves• Doesn’t generate all day coupling with

storage, controls, and electric vehicles

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Conclusion & Questions