KIEN THUC CO BAN TIENG ANH CHUONG TRINH THCS.doc

KiÕn thøc C¬ b¶n tiÕng anh ch¬ng tr×nh THCS

A - Tenses (Çc th×)I. Th× hiÖn t¹i ®¬n gi¶n (The present simple)1. DiÔn t¶ hµnh ®éng lÆp ®i lËp l¹i chë thµnh thãi quen. DiÔn t¶ mét sù thËt hiÓn nhiªn.2. H×nh thøc cña ®éng tõa. §éng tõ (To be): Th×, lµ, ë: Cã 3 d¹ng: am, is, are(+) I - am (-) I am not (?) Are you…..? + Yes, I am + No, I am not (+) She - is (-) She is not/isn't (?) Is she…….?He - is + Yes, she isIt - is + No, she isn't1 tªn riªng (Lan) - is

(+) You - are (-) You are not/aren't (?) Are you/they…..?We - are + Yes, they areThey - are + No, they aren't2 tªn riªng - are

VD1: (+) I am a student. (-) I am not a student (?) Are you a student? + Yes, I am + No, I am notVD2: (+) She is a student. (-)She isn't a student (?) Is she a student? + Yes, she is + No, she isn'tVD3: Lan is a student.

VD4: (+) They are students. (-) They aren't students (?) Are they student? + Yes, they are + No, they aren'tb. §éng tõ thêng (V)


S + V- nguyªn víi S: I, You, We, They, 2 tªn riªng VD: I play soccer They play soccer Huy and Hung play soccer S + V-s/es víi S: She, He, It, 1 tªn riªng

VD: She plays soccer. He gets up at 6.* Çc ®éng tõ kÕt thóc b»ng o, x, ch, sh, z ta ph¶i thªm "es" ®èi víi çc ng«i sè Ýt.VD: go => goes : §i She goes to school every day. do => does : Lµm watch => watches: Xem He always watches TV. wash => washes: Röa, géi….3. Çc tr¹ng tõ ®i kÌm:- 5 tr¹ng tõ chØ tÇn xuÊt:+ Always: Lu«n lu«n+ Usually: Lu«n+ Opfen: Thêng+ Sometimes: thØnh tho¶ng+ Never: Kh«ng bao giê- Frequently: Thêng- Constantly: ThØnh tho¶ng- Occasionally: ThØnh tho¶ng- Seldom. Rarely: HiÕm- Every day/ week/month/year..: H»ng….II- Th× hiÖn t¹i tiÕp diÔn (The present continuos tense)1.DiÔn t¶ hµnh ®éng ®ang diÔn ra t¹i thêi ®iÓm nãi2. H×nh thøc cña ®éng tõ: S + be + V-ing Be: am, is, areVd: I am doing my home work. Lan is skipping. - ThÓ phñ ®Þnh: Thªm "not" vµo sau ®éng tõ "to be".Vd: I am not doing my home work.- ThÓ nghi vÊn: §¶o ®éng tõ "to be" lªn ®Çu c©u.3. Çc tr¹ng tõ chØ thêi gian:- Now: b©y giê- At the moment- At present* Quy t¾c thªm ®u«i "-ing".

http://c1kiman-to.violet.vn/ 2


- NÕu tËn cïng cña ®éng tõ lµ "e" ta bá "e" tríc khi thªm ®u«i "-ing".Vd: come => coming- NÕu ®éng tõ cã 1 ®Õn 2 ©m tiÕt kÕt thóc lµ mét nguyªn ©m, ë gi÷a lµ hai phô ©m, träng ©m r¬i vµo hai ©m tiÕt cuèi th× ta nh©n ®«i phô ©m cuèi. " + ing".Vd: begin => beginning- NÕu ®éng tõ cã tËn cïng lµ mét phô ©m, tríc ®ã lµ mét nguyªn ©m duy nhÊt=> gÊp ®«i phô ©m cuèi tríc khi thªm ®u«i " ing "Vd: run => running* Ta kh«ng dïng th× hiÖn t¹i tiÕp diÔn víi çc ®éng tõ chØ c¶m gi¸c, tri gi¸c, nhËn thøc nh:- To be: th×, lµ, ë - see: nh×n - hear: nghe - understand: hiÓu - know: biÕt - like: thÝch- want: muèn - feel: c¶m thÊy - smell: ngöi - love: yªu - hate: ghÐt - seem: dêng nh - remember: nhí - forget: quªn - beliver: tin tëng….III - Th× t¬ng lai gÇn (near future) (Th× t¬ng lai dù ®Þnh) (Going to)1. DiÔn t¶ hµnh ®éng ch¾c ch¾n sÏ xÈy ra trong t¬ng lai2. H×nh thøc ®éng tõ:

S + Be (am, is, are) + going to + V-nguyªnVd1: I'm going to buy a big hous next year.Vd2: She is going to do the home work tonight.3. Çc tr¹ng tõ:- tonight: tèi nay- tomorrow: ngµy mai- Some day: vµi ngµy n÷a- Soon: ch¼ng bao l©u n÷a- Next: tíiIV. Th× t¬ng lai ®¬n: (The simple future)1. DiÔn t¶ hµnh ®éng sÏ x¶y ra trong t¬ng lai (kh«ng ch¾c ch¾n b»ng th× t¬ng lai gÇn)



2. From: S + Will + V - nguyªn

3. Advs:(Dïng nh çc tr¹ng tõ cña th× t¬ng lai gÇn)- tonight: tèi nay- tomorrow: ngµy mai- Some day: vµi ngµy n÷a- Soon: ch¼ng bao l©u n÷a- Next: tíi* Th× t¬ng lai ®¬n cßn ®îc dïng ®Ó nãi lªn lêi mêi, lêi høa, hoÆc lêi yªu cÇu trong çc ng÷ c¶nh kh¸c nhau.Vd: I will be here in some minutÐ.V. Th× qu¸ khø ®¬n: (The simple past)1. Usage:DiÔn t¶ hµnh ®éng ®· x¶y ra vµ hoµn tÊt trong qu¸ khø.2. From:a. to be: cã 2 d¹ng was/ wereS: she, he, it, 1 tªn riªng + wasS: You, We, They, 2 tªn riªng + wereb. §éng tõ thêng + §éng tõ cã quy t¾c:

S + V-ed Vd: Lan watched T.V last night.

+ §éng tõ bÊt quy t¾c:S + V(cét 2)

Vd: Yesterday, they went to Ha Noi.3. Adv:- yesterday: h«m qua- last: ®· qua + last night: tèi qua+ last week: tuÇn tríc+ last month: th¸ng tríc+ last year: n¨m ngo¸i+ last Sunday: chñ nhËt tríc- ago: tríc ®©y- in + mèc thêi gian trong qu¸ khø (in 1998)* Quy t¾c thªm "ed".- Çc ®éng tõ kÕt thóc b»ng "e" chØ thªm "d" Vd: die => died: chÕt- Çc ®éng tõ kÕt thóc b»ng 1 phô ©m tríc ®ã lµ 1 nguyªn ©m duy nhÊt => gÊp ®«i phô ©m cuèi => "ed" Vd:Stop => Stoped: dõng l¹i- NÕu ®éng tõ tËn cïng lµ "y" tríc ®ã lµ phô ©m "y" => "i" + "ed"



Vd: study => studied: häc- §éng tõ cã 2 ©m tiÕt, tËn cïng lµ mét nguyªn ©m ë gi÷a.Vd: Permit => permitted: Cho phÐp, thõa nhËn.2 phô ©m => gÊp ®«i phô ©m cuèi + "ed".- NÕu ®éng tõ cã tËn cïng "l" tríc ®ã lµ 1 nguyªn ©m ®¬n gÊp ®«i "l" + "ed".Vd: Travell => travelled.* Çch ph¸t ©m:+ Nh÷ng ®éng tõ cã tËn cïng lµ ©m (t) vµ (d) khi thªm "ed" => ®äc (id)Vd: Divie (di ' vaid) => divided (id).+ Nh÷ng ®éng tõ cã tËn cïng lµ ©m k, p, f, s, j, tj ®äc lµ (t).Vd: laught => laughted- Ngoµi hai trêng hîp trªn, çc ®éng tõ cã quy t¾c cßn l¹i ®äc lµ (d).Vd: Play => Played (d).VI. Th× qu¸ khø tiÕp diÔn (the past continous): 1. Usage:- DiÔn t¶ hµnh ®éng ®ang x¶y ra t¹i mét thêi ®iÓm x¸c ®Þnh trong qu¸ khø.Vd: I was doing my home work at 6.pm last Sunday.- DiÔn t¶ hµnh ®éng ®· x¶y ra vµ kÐ dµi trong mét kho¶ng thêi gian trong qu¸ khø.Vd: Yesterday, Mr Huy was working in the office all the afternoon.- Hµnh ®éng ®ang x¶y ra trong qu¸ khø th× cã mét hµnh ®éng kh¸c xen vµo.Vd:Yesterday, when I came he was sleeping+ When = as: Khi+ While: trong khiVd: Yesterday,while he was sleeping I came- Hai hµnh ®éng x¶y ra song song cïng mét lóc ë qu¸ khø.+ While: trong khiVd: Yesterday,while he was sleeping I came* Kh«ng dïng ®èi víi çc ®éng tõ chØ nhËn thøc, tri gi¸c thay vµo ®ã dïng th× qu¸ khø ®¬n.- to be: th×, lµ, ë - see: nh×n - hear: nghe - understand: hiÓu - know: biÕt - like: thÝch- want: muèn - feel: c¶m thÊy



- smell: ngöi - love: yªu - hate: ghÐt - seem: dêng nh - remember: nhí - forget: quªn - beliver: tin tëng….

2. From: S + Was (Were) + V-ing

3. Adv: Dïng víi çc tr¹ng tõ chØ thêi gian cña th× qu¸ khø ®¬n céng thªm phÇn thêi gian x¸c ®Þnh trong qu¸ khø.- yesterday: h«m qua Vd: at 7 p.m last night- last: ®· qua + last night: tèi qua+ last week: tuÇn tríc+ last month: th¸ng tríc+ last year: n¨m ngo¸i+ last Sunday: chñ nhËt tríc- ago: tríc ®©y- in + mèc thêi gian trong qu¸ khø (in 1998)

VII. Th× hiÖn t¹i hoµn thµnh: (The present perfect)1. Usage:- DiÔn t¶ hµnh ®éng võa míi x¶y ra vµ kÕt thóc so víi thêi ®iÓm nãi.Vd: I have just finished my homework.- DiÔn t¶ hµnh ®éng b¾t ®Çu tõ trong qu¸ khø, nhng cßn kÐo dµ ®Õn hiÖn t¹i vµ cã kh¶ n¨ng tiÕp tôc kÐo dµi ®Õn t¬ng lai.Vd: I have studied English for 5 years.- DiÔn t¶ hµnh ®éng lÆp ®i, lÆp l¹i nhiÒu lÇn trong qu¸ khø.Dïng víi: several times: vµi lÇn Two/ three… times: hai, ba lÇn…Vd: I have read this book three times.2. From:

S + have/ has + V- cét 3/ V-edS: I, you, we, they, sè nhiÒu + haveS: she, he, it, sè Ýt + has3. Adv:- just, recently, lately: võa míi- ever: ®· tõng- never: cha tõng- already: råi- yet: cha



- since: tõ khi (+ thêi ®iÓm vd: 2001)- for: kho¶ng (+ thêi gian vd: 3 years)- so far = until now = up to now = up to the present:cho ®Õn b©y giê. VII- Th× hiÖn t¹i hoµn thµnh tiÕp diÔn1. Usage:- DiÔn t¶ hµnh ®éng b¾t ®Çu diÔn ra trong qu¸ khø vÉn ®ang tiÕp tôc ë hiÖn t¹i vµ cßn cã thÓ kÐo dµi tíi t¬ng lai.2. Form:

S + Have/ Has + been + V-ing3 Advs: Dïng nh çc tr¹ng tõ cña th× hiÖn t¹i hoµn thµnh nhng nhÊn m¹nh vÒ thêi gian thùc hiÖn hµnh ®éng.VD: I have been learning English for 5 years.

Structures: çc cÊu trócTo -V

1. Sau tÝnh tõ (hÇu hÕt) + To V.Vd: She is happy to live here.2. Cã c¬ héi ®Ó lµm g×. (môc ®Ých).Have a chance + to V3. Sau çc ®éng tõ V + to V V : Gåm çc ®éng tõ sau:- Intent: cã ý ®Þnh - want: muèn- like: thÝch- love: yªu- seem: dêng nh-…..Vd: Huy wants to watch T.V

V-ing1.Sau giíi tõ hoÆc côm giíi tõ + V-ing: in, on, at, of,…..Vd: I am interested in leaning English.2. Sau çc ®éng tõ + V-ingV: gåm çc ®éng tõ sau:- enjoy: thÝch- like: thÝch- stop: dõng l¹i- finish: kÕt thóc- start: b¾t ®Çu-……Vd: Minh enjoys playing tennis.

V- nguyªn



1. Sau çc ®éng tõ khuyÕt thiÕu (®éng tõ ®Æc biÖt)§éng tõ khuyÕt thiÕu: can, may, must, will, woud, should, have to…+ V-nguyªn.Vd: I can swim2. CÊu tróc: Let's + V-nguyªnVd: Let's go swimmingWhy don't you/we + V-nguyªnVd: Why don't you go swimming.VI - Çc cÊu tróc theo tõng ®¬n vÞ bµi häc tõ líp 6 ®Õn líp 9Kh¸i niÖm tõ lo¹i trong TiÕng Anh:1. Danh tõ : Lµ çc tõ chØ sù vËt, sù viÖc, chØ tªn riªngVd: çi nhµ (house), Lan, giã…..2. §éng tõ: Lµ çc tõ chØ hµnh ®éng, ho¹t ®éng cña ngêi vµ vËt.Vd: §i (go) ch¬i (play), thæi (flow)….3. TÝnh tõ: Lµ çc tõ chØ mµu s¾c, chØ tÝnh chÊt cña sù vËt, sù viÖc.Vd: mµu ®á (red), xinh ®Ñp (beautyfull), ®¾t ®á (expensive)….4. Tr¹ng tõ: Lµ çc tõ chØ møc ®é cña hµnh ®éng (çc tr¹ng tõ chØ tÇn xuÊt), çc tõ chØ n¬i chèn, chØ thêi gian.Vd: always, Lang S¬n, two months….Líp 6:1.There….: Cã…..- There is a + dt sè Ýt Vd: There is a pen on the table.- There are + dt sè nhiÒu Vd: There are pens on the table.2. This/ that/ these/ those: §©y lµ../ Kia lµ…- This/ that is a + dt sè Ýt: §©y/ kia lµ mét…. Vd: This is a pen- These/ those are + dt sè nhiÒu: §©y/ kia lµ nh÷ng….. Vd: These are pens.3. Çc tõ ®Ó hái (Question words)- What: Çi g×/ g×?- When : ë ®©u? (C©u hái vÒ ®Þa ®iÓm)- Where: Khi nµo? (C©u hái vÒ thêi gian)- Who: ai?- How: bao nhiªu/ nh thÕ nµo?- Which: Çi nµo? (c©u hái lùa chän)- Why : T¹i sao? (C©u hái lý do- tr¶ lêi b¾t ®Çu b»ng Because…)4. §¹i tõ nh©n xng, tÝnh tõ së h÷u, ®¹i tõ së h÷u.- §¹i tõ nh©n xng: Lµ nh÷ng tõ ®ãng vai trß lµm chñ ng÷ trong c©u (xng danh).



Vd: I , Lan….- TÝnh tõ së h÷u: Lµ çc tõ dïng ®Ó nãi së h÷u vËt ®ã cña ai. Thêng ®øng tríc danh tõ.Vd: Her book- §¹i tõ së h÷u: Lµ çc tõ dïng ®Ó nãi vËt thuéc quyÒn së h÷u cña ai nhng thêng kh«ng ®i víi danh tõ ®øng tríc mµ dïng Èn danh tõ.Vd: This is her hat and that is mine (My hat).

§¹i tõ nh©n x-ng

TÝnh tõ së h÷u §¹i tõ së h÷u

I: T«i My: Cña t«i MineYou: B¹n Your: Cña b¹n YoursWe: Chóng t«i/ta

Our: Cña chóng t«i/ta

Ours

They: Hä Their: Cña hä TheirsShe: C« Êy Her: Cña c«/bµ Êy HersHe: Anh Êy His: Cña cËu/anh

ÊyHis

It: Nã Its: Cña nã itsTªn riªng: Lan Lan's: Cña Lan

5. Çc çch chµo th«ng thêng.- Hi / hello- Good morning: Chµo buæi s¸ng- Good afternooon: Chµo buæi chiÒu- Good evening: Chµo buæi tèi- Good night: Chóc ngñ ngon- Good bye/ Bye: Chµo t¹m biÖt.6. Çch hái vÒ thêi gian (Time). * Çch hái giê: What time is it?- Víi giê ch½n: It is + giê + o' clock Vd: It is six o'clock.- Víi giê lÎ: + Nãi giê tríc phót sau Vd: (11h20') It is eleven- twenty. + Nãi phót tríc giê sau dïng (past/ to) (past: qua/ to: kÐm) Vd: (11h 20') It is twenty past eleven.- Chó ý: 15' = fifteen = a quarter 30' = thirty = half pastVd: (8h 15) It is aquater past eight hoÆc It is fifteen past eight.* Çh hái giê cña çc ho¹t ®éng: What time do you….?- I…..at……



7. Çc ngµy trong tuÇn: Dïng gií tõ on + çc ngµy trong tuÇn Vd: on MondayMonday Tuesday Wednesay Thursday Friday Saturday SundayThø 2 Thø 3 Thø 4 Thø 5 Thø 6 Thø 7 Chñ nhËt

8. Çc th¸ng trong n¨m: Dïng gií tõ in + çc th¸ng trong n¨m Vd: in May

January February March April May JuneTh¸ng 1 Th¸ng 2 Th¸ng 3 Th¸ng 4 Th¸ng 5 Th¸ng 6 July August September October November DecemberTh¸ng 7 Th¸ng 8 Th¸ng 9 Th¸ng 10 Th¸ng 11 Th¸ng 12

9. Çc mïa, thêi tiÕt trong n¨m* Çc mïa (Seasons) * Çc lo¹i thêi tiÕt- Summer: Mïa hÌ - hot: nãng- Winter: Mïa ®«ng - cold: l¹nh- Spring: Mïa xu©n - warm: Êm ¸p- Fall: Mïa thu - cool: m¸t mÎ10. Çc giíi tõ chØ vÞ trÝ:- In: ë trong- On: ë trªn- At: ë t¹i- near: gÇn- next to: kÒ s¸t- in front of: ph¸ tríc- behind: phÝa sau- to the left: bªn tr¸i- to the right: bªn ph¶i- between: ë gi÷a- opposite: ®èi diÖn- in the middle: ë trung t©m- at the back of: phÝa sau- in the corner: trong gãc11. Çc tÝnh tõ chØ h×nh d¹ng, vãc d¸ng, mµu s¾c thêng dïng víi danh tõ vµ ®i víi ®éng tõ "to be"Vd: tall - He is tall big - It is a big school12. a/ an/ some /any* Danh tõ: + DT sè Ýt: lµ danh tõ cã mét Vd: a pen



+ DT sè nhiÒu: lµ danh tõ cã tõ 2 trë lªn ta thªm s/ es Vd: pens/ couches + Dt ®Õm ®îc: lµ nh÷ng danh tõ cã thÓ dïng sè ®Õm ®Õm ®îcVd: qu¶ cam, ngêi…. + DT kh«ng ®Õm ®îc: lµ nh÷ng danh tõ cÇn ph¶i cã tõ chØ ®¹i lîng ®i kÌm.Vd: g¹o, níc, s÷a, tiÒn…..* a/ an: mét + Danh tõ sè Ýt ®Õm ®îc/ Dïng trong c©u kh¼ng ®Þnh Vd: a pen/ an orange* Some: mét Ýt , mét vµi + danh tõ ®Õm ®îc vµ danh tõ kh«ng ®Õm ®îc.Dïng trong c©u kh¼ng ®Þnh.Vd1: some bananas/ some riceVd2: There are some books on the table.* any: nµo c¶ + DT ®Õm ®îc vµ kh«ng ®Õm ®îc. ®îc dïng trong c©u phñ ®Þnh vµ c©u hái nghi vÊn.Vd1: There are not any books on the table.Vd2: Are there any milk in the kitchen?13. afew, a little, a lot/lots of.- afew: Mét vµi + DT ®Õm ®îc- a little: mét Ýt + DT kh«ng ®Õm ®îc- a lot/lots of: nhiÒu + DT ®Õm ®îc, kh«ng ®Õm ®îc.14. Çc ®éng tõ khuyÕt thiÕu (®éng tõ ®Æc biÖt)- Can : cã thÓ + V- nguyªn- Must: Ph¶i+ V- nguyªn* Mét sè ®éng tõ thêng gÆp- Need: CÇn + to V- Woud like: thÝch + to V- Want: muèn + to V15. So s¸nh h¬n vµ so s¸nh h¬n nhÊt víi tÝnh tõ.a. So s¸nh h¬n (Than)* §èi víi tÝnh tõ ng¾n (tall, big…)S1 + be + tÝnh tõ + er + than + S2

Vd; Lan is taller than Hoa* §èi víi tÝnh tõ dµi (beautyful, expensive…)S1 + be + more + tÝnh tõ dµi + than + S2

Vd: Lan is more beautyful than Hoa.b. So s¸nh h¬n nhÊt (The)* §èi víi tÝnh tõ ng¾nS + the + tÝnh tõ ng¾n + est +…..Vd: Huy is the tallest.* §èi víi tÝnh tõ dµiS + the most + tÝnh tõ dµi +…Vd: Hoa is the most beautyful in her class.



Líp 71. So s¸nh h¬n, kÐm víi danh tõ dïng:- more: nhiÒu h¬n (+ DT ®Õm ®îc, DT kh«ng ®Õm ®îc)- fewer: Ýt h¬n (+ DT ®Õm ®îc)- less: Ýt h¬n (+ DT kh«ng ®Õm ®îc)Vd: He works more hours than you.Vd: Lan has fewer book than MinhVd: I feel less scared now. 2. Çch dïng : So, too, either, neither- so, too: Dïng trong c©u ®ång t×nh kh¼ng ®Þnh. + so: §øng ®Çu c©u (dïng ®¶o trî ®éng tõ) + too: §øng cuèi c©u, sau dÊu phÈy. (dïng ®¶o trî ®éng tõ)Vd1: I'm in class 7A So am I./ I'm, too.Vd2: I like bananas. So do I./ I do, too.- neither, either: Dïng trong c©u ®ång t×nh phñ ®Þnh + neither: §øng ®Çu c©u (dïng ®¶o trî ®éng tõ) + either: §øng cuèi c©u, sau dÊu phÈy. (dïng ®¶o trî ®éng tõ)Vd1: I don't like carrots Neither do I./ I don't like, either.3. Çch hái vµ tr¶ lêi vÒ kho¶ng çch gi÷a hai ®Þa ®iÓm. How far is it from …..to……? It is about…..km/m.Vd: How far is it from your house to your school? It is about two km.4. MÖnh lÖnh kh¼ng ®Þnh, mÖnh lÖnh phñ ®Þnh.Vd : Remember to do your homework. Brush your teeth after every meal.Vd2: Don't be worry. Don't be late.5. Çch thµnh lËp tr¹ng tõ tõ tÝnh tõ, çch dïng.* Çch dïng:- TÝnh tõ thêng dïng víi ®éng tõ " to be " hoÆc ®øng tríc danh tõ ®Ó bæ nghÜa cho danh tõ ®ã.Vd1: She is beautiful.Vd2: She is beautiful girl.- Tr¹ng tõ thêng dïng víi ®éng tõ thêng.Vd: She plays tennis slowly.* Çch thµnh lËp tÝnh tõ sang tr¹ng tõ: - HÇu hÕt ta thªm ®u«i " ly " vµo tÝnh tõ.Vd: beautiful => beautifully



Xinh ®Ñp => mét çch ®Ñp.- Mét sè trêng hîp ®Æc biÖtVd: good => well.6. Çch dïng Everyone, everybody; no one, nobody; everything, nothing dïng nh chñ ng÷ sè Ýt.- everyone, everybody: Mäi ngêi- no one, nobody: kh«ng ai- everything, nothing: kh«ng çi g×.7. Sequencing : first, next, then, finally: Thêng ®øng ë ®Çu c©u tríc dÊu phÈy, nãi vÒ quy tr×nh cña mét c«ng viÖc.- first: tríc tiªn- next: tiÕp- then: sau ®ã- finally: cuèi cïng.Líp 81. CÊu tróc ®ñ (kh«ng ®ñ)…. ®Ó lµm g×

(Not) adjective + enough + to V

Vd: He is (not) old enough to go to school.2. Reflexive pronouns (§¹i tõ ph¶n th©n)

§¹i tõ nh©n x-ng

§¹i tõ ph¶n th©n

I: T«i Myself: Tù t«iYou: B¹n Yourselves Yourself /: tù

b¹nWe: Chóng t«i/ta

Ourselves: tù chóng t«i/ta

They: Hä Theirselves: tù häShe: C« Êy Herself: tù c« ÊyHe: Anh Êy Himself: tù cËu/anh ÊyIt: Nã Itselves: Tù nã

3. C©u hái nguyªn nh©n (why: T¹i sao? - Because: Bëi v×…. )Vd: Why didn't do you go to school yesterday? Because I was ill.4.Giíi tõ chØ thêi gian- in + n¨m/ th¸ng n¨m- on + thø/ thø, ngµy, th¸ng- at + giê- after/ before + thêi ®iÓm- between……and…..Gi÷a hai thêi ®iÓm5. Çch nãi vÒ thãi quen trong qu¸ khø (used to)

S + used to + http://c1kiman-to.violet.vn/ 13


Vnguyªn Vd: When I was a boy, I used to walk to school.6. Çch nãi nªn lµm g× (should)

S + should + Vnguyªn

Vd: You should learn more.7. Yªu cÇu, ®Ò nghÞ, khuyªn nhñ trong çch nãi gi¸n tiÕp.* Yªu cÇu : Command, request, advice…

Told/asked + somebody + to VVd: Miss Lan said " please wait for me some minutes ""Miss Lan told/asked me to wait for her some minutes"8. So s¸nh víi : like, (not) as….as, (not) the same as, different from.- like…: Gièng nh..- (not) as….as: Gièng/ kh«ng gièng- (not) the same as: Gièng/ kh«ng gièng- different from: Kh¸c víiVd: The magazin is not as large as the newspaper.Vd: Lipton tea is different from Dimah tea.9. Th× hiÖn t¹i tiÕp diÔn diÔn t¶ ý t¬ng lai. DiÔn t¶ sù th¨ng tiÕn cµng… cµng….* DiÔn t¶ ý t¬ng laiVd: What are you doing tonight? I'm whatching TV* DiÔn t¶ sù th¨ng tiÕn cña mét viÖc hay mét sù viÖc (Get and come: cµng… cµng…)Vd: The weather is becoming cold.10. Çch nãi chØ môc ®Ých : in order to, so as to : §Ó lµm….

…in order to/ so as to + Vnguyªn

Vd: I always kep the widow open in order to let fresh air in.11. Lêi mêi, lêi yªu cÇu víi " Would…."* Lêi mêi:

Would/ do you mind If + 1 clause

Vd: Would/ do you mind If I open the door.* Lêi yªu cÇu ai ®ã lµm g×:

Would/ do you mind + V-ing Vd: Would/ do you mind opening the door.12. Danh tõ ghÐp : Lµ danh tõ ®îc thµnh lËp díi d¹ng hai danh tõ ghÐp nhau hoÆc danh tõ ghÐp víi ®éng tõ, ®îc nèi víi nhau b»ng dÊu çch hoÆc kh«ng cã.



Vd: rice- cookingVd: Lang Son city13. Question words before + to VQuestion words (- What - When - Where - Who - How - Which -Why)Vd: Nga told Nhi how to go there.

Líp 91. C©u íc* C©u íc lo¹i I: ¦íc kh«ng cã thËt ë hiÖn t¹i (®éng tõ chÝnh ë th× qu¸ khø ®¬n)

- wish, S + V2/ed - wish, S + were

Vd: I wish, I were older.Vd: I wish, I lived in Ha Noi.* C©u íc lo¹i II: ¦íc kh«ng cã thùc trong qu¸ khø (®éng tõ ë th× qu¸ khø hoµn thµnh)

- wish, S + had + V3/ed

Vd: Linh wishes, she had wathed TV last night.Vd: He wishes, he had been at home last Sunday.2. C©u ®iÒu kiÖn* C©u ®iÒu kiÖn lo¹i I: Nãi ®/k cã thËt ë hiÖn t¹i

If + V hiÖn t¹i, will + V

Vd: If you learn more, you will get good mark* C©u ®iÒu kiÖn lo¹i II: Nãi ®/k kh«ng cã thùc ë hiÖn t¹i

If + Ved/cét2, woud/coud+ V

Vd: If I were you, I woudn't love himVd: If he had lots of money, he coud buy a big house.3. C©u trùc tiÕp, c©u gi¸n tiÕp.* Çch chuyÓn tõ c©u trùc tiÕp sang c©u gi¸n tiÕp.- Bá dÊu ngoÆc kÐp- Thay ®æi chñ ng÷- Thay ®æi th× cña ®éng tõ (lïi l¹i mét th×)- Thay ®æi tÝnh tõ së h÷u- Thay ®æi çc tr¹ng tõ chØ thêi gian, n¬i chèn…



Direct speech Reported speechTense HiÖn t¹i ®¬n Qu¸ khø ®¬n

HiÖn t¹i tiÕp diÔn Qu¸ khø tiÕp diÔnQu¸ khø d¬n Qu¸ khø hoµn thµnh/ Qu¸

khø ®¬nQu¸ khø tiÕp diÔn Qu¸ khø hoµn thµnh tiÕp

diÔn/ Qu¸ khø tiÕp diÔnHiÖn t¹i hoµn thµnh Qu¸ khø hoµn thµnhHiÖn t¹i hoµn thµnh tiÕp diÔn

Qu¸ khø hoµn thµnh tiÕp diÔn

Qu¸ khø hoµn thµnh Qu¸ khø hoµn thµnhQu¸ khø hoµn thµnh tiÕp diÔn

Qu¸ khø hoµn thµnh tiÕp diÔn

§éng tõ khuyÕt thiÕu

MayCanMust/might/coud/soud/ought to

MightCoudMust/might/coud/soud/ought to

Time nowtodaytonighttomorrowyesterdaylast nighttwo days ago

then/ immediatelythat daythat nightthe next day/ the following daythe day before/ the previous daythe night beforetwo days before/ two days earlier

Place here ThereDemostrati

veheads

Thisthese

Thatthose

* Chó ý:- Lêi nãi gi¸n tiÕp lµ têng thuËt l¹i ý cña ngêi nãi- NÕu ®éng tõ cña mÖnh ®Ò chÝnh ë th× hiÖn t¹i/ hiÖn t¹i hoµn thµnh/ th× t¬ng lai th× trong lêi trÝch dÉn ta chØ thay ®æi phÇn ®¹i tõ (chñ ng÷).Vd: the farmer says " I hope it will rain tomorrow"=> the farmer says that he hopes it will rain tomorrow.- NÕu ®éng tõ cña mÖnh ®Ò chÝnh ë th× qu¸ khø th× trong lêi trÝch dÉn ta ph¶i thay ®æi toµn bé çc phÇn cÇn thay ®æi.Vd: Miss Lan said " I will go to Hue tomorrow"=> Miss Lan said she woud go to Hue the following day.* C©u hái gi¸n tiÕp



a. C©u hái "yes/ no"§éng tõ ë mÖnh ®Ò chÝnh lµ: asked, wondered, inquired…Theo sau nã lµ " if / whether" + c©u trÇn thuËt. Çc phÇn cßn l¹i vÉn ®îc thay ®æi nh quy ®Þnh, bá dÊu hái chÊm.Vd: She asked me " Do you live here ? "=> She asked me if I lived there.b. C©u hái " w.h questions"§éng tõ ë mÖnh ®Ò chÝnh lµ: asked, wondered, inquired…Theo sau nã lµ " tõ ®Ó hái" + c©u trÇn thuËt. Çc phÇn cßn l¹i vÉn ®îc thay ®æi nh quy ®Þnh, bá dÊu hái chÊm.Vd: He wondered " what time does the film start?"=> He wondered what time the film started.4. C©u bÞ ®éng (the passive voice)* Çch chuyÓn tõ c©u chñ ®éng sang c©u bÞ ®éng- X¸c ®Þnh t©n ng÷ trong c©u chñ ®éng (lµ phÇn ®øng ngay sau ®éng tõ chÝnh)- ®Æt t©n ng÷ lªn lµm chñ ng÷ trong c©u bÞ ®éng.- X¸c ®Þnh th× cña ®éng tõ chÝnh trong c©u chñ ®éng ®Ó chia ®óng th× cña ®éng tõ " to be " trong c©u bÞ ®éng.- §a ®éng tõ chÝnh cña c©u chñ ®éng xuèng lµm ®éng tõ chÝnh trong c©u bÞ ®éng díi h×nh thøc Ved/cét 3.- Dïng " by…" cho çc chñ ng÷ x¸c ®Þnh trong c©u chñ ®éng(chuyÓn vÒ thµnh t©n ng÷, ®øng tríc tr¹ng tõ chØ thêi gian vµ sau tr¹ng tõ chØ n¬i chèn).* H×nh thøc c©u bÞ ®éng

S + be + Ved/ cét 3

Vd: They grow rice in tropical countries.=> Rice is grown in the tropical countries.* T¬ng øng çc th×a. HiÖn t¹i ®¬n

S + am/is/are + Ved/ cét3

b. Qu¸ khø ®¬nS + was/were + Ved/ cét3

c. HiÖn t¹i tiÕp diÔnS + am/is/are + being + Ved/ cét3

d. Qu¸ khø tiÕp diÔnS + was/were + being + Ved/ cét3



e. T¬ng lai ®¬n

S + will + be + Ved/ cét3

f. T¬ng lai gÇnS + am/is/are+ be + Ved/ cét3

g. HiÖn t¹i hoµn thµnhS + have/has + been + Ved/ cét3

h. Qu¸ khø hoµn thµnh

S + had + been + Ved/ cét3

* C©u bÞ ®éng víi ®éng tõ khuyÕt thiÕu (can, coud, may, must,…)

S + VkhuyÕt thiÕu + be + Ved/ cét3

Vd: Minh must do this exercise carefully.=>This exercise must be done carefully by Minh.5. MÖnh ®Ò quan hÖ (relative pronouns)Dïng ®Ó nèi hai c©u thµnh mét. Cã mÖnh ®Ò quan hÖ x¸c ®Þnh vµ mÖnh ®Ò quan hÖ kh«ng x¸c ®Þnh.- MÖnh ®Ò quan hÖ x¸c ®Þnh ph¶i cã trong c©u míi lµm râ nghÜa.- MÖnh ®Ò quan hÖ x¸c ®Þnh kh«ng nhÊt thiÕt ph¶i cã trong c©u míi lµm râ nghÜa, thêng ®øng gi÷a hai dÊu phÈy.* MÖnh ®Ò quan hÖ lµm chñ ng÷+ Thay cho ngêi : who + Thay cho vËt : which* MÖnh ®Ò quan hÖ lµm t©n ng÷+ Thay cho ngêi : whom+ Thay cho vËt : which* MÖnh ®Ò quan hÖ së h÷u+ Thay cho ngêi : whose+ Thay cho vËt : whose/ of whichVd: Dïng mÖnh ®Ò quan hÖ ®Ó nèi hai c©u. - That people is a teacher. He stands near my house.=> That people who stands near my house is a teacher. - This people is a teacher. Minh is talking with him.=> This people whom Minh is talking with is a teacher.6. C©u hái ®u«i (tag questions)



- Cã hai vÕ: NÕu vÕ ®Çu lµ kh¼ng ®Þnh th× vÕ ®u«i lµ phñ ®Þnh vµ ngîc l¹i.- Chó ý çch dïng tr¹ng tõ ®Ó hái ë ®u«i ph¶i ®óng víi th× ë vÕ ®Çu.Vd: You like watching TV, don't you? You don't like watching TV, do you? Has he read this book, hasn't he?7. MÖnh ®Ò tr¹ng tõ (adverb clauses)* MÖnh ®Ò chØ lý do: Because/ since: bëi v×- Because: §øng ë ®Çu c©u vµ cã dÊu phÈy ë gi÷a - since: §øng ë gi÷a c©uVd: Because it rained, they didn't walk to school.<=>They didn't walk to school since it rained.* MÖnh ®Ò chØ kÕt qu¶: so : v× vËyVd: Because it rained, so they didn't walk to school.* MÖnh ®Ò chØ sù nhîng bé : although/ though/even though: mÆc dï- Although: Thêng ®øng ë ®Çu c©u, cã dÊu phÈy.- Though: Thêng ®øng ë vÕ thø hai- even though: Thêng ®øng ë vÕ thø hai


Documents

KIEN THUC CO BAN TIENG ANH CHUONG TRINH THCS.doc