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Key Terms: rock, petrology, color, texture, grain, coarse grain, fine grain, rounded, angular, spherical, igneous rock, sedimentary rock, metamorphic rock
RocksPlease turn to page 45 in your textbook.Rocks are not minerals because they do not
have all of the characteristics of a mineral.Rocks are mixtures made of
Minerals Other materials (pieces of other rocks or organic
material).Geologists collect and study samples of rock
in order to classify and group them.
Stop :Complete Classifying Rocks Power Point Notes Page 1 Part A(Before Continuing)
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Petrology
Stop :Complete Classifying Rocks Power Point notes
page 1 Part BBefore Continuing 3
Studying The Characteristics of RockWhen studying a rock sample, geologists
observe the 3 characteristics of the rock.ColorTextureMineral Composition
Using these characteristics, geologists can classify a rock according to:
The rock’s origin (where it formed) And how the rock formed. Stop :
Complete Classifying Rocks Power Point Notes page 1 Part C
Before Continuing 4
StopPick up a copy of the “Classifying Rocks Power Point Worksheet 1” before continuing.
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1. ColorThe overall color observed when the rock is observed visually.
e.g. red-brown, grey-black, brown, grey, yellow-brown, grey-blue, etc.
Not only is the color of the rock observed, but also the shade of the color.
Dark shadedLight shaded
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Rock Color ActivityYou will use Classifying Rocks Power
Point Worksheet 1 part A for this activity.On the following slide, link to the picture of
each rock sample.After linking to the photo, use the color chart
on the previous slide. Try your best to determine the color and the number for each of the rocks observed.
Complete the chart on part A of your worksheet.
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Rock Color ActivityRock Samples (click on the sample to link to the picture).
Rock Sample 1Rock Sample 2Rock Sample 3Rock Sample 4Rock Sample 5
Stop :Complete Classifying Rocks Power Point
Worksheet 1 Part ABefore Continuing
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StopPick up a copy of the “Classifying Rocks Power Point Notes Page 2” before continuing.
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2. Texture Open your textbook to page 46.The look and feel of the rock’s
surface.Very useful in identifying the rock.The texture of the rock is determined
by the grains that make up the rock.A grain is a particle of mineral or other rock.
Geologists use a number of terms based on the rock’s grains to describe the texture of the rock.
Stop :Complete Classifying Rocks Power Point Notes
Page 2 Part ABefore Continuing 11
Descriptive Grain TermsGrain Size
What size are the grains?
Grain ShapeDo the grains have a distinct shape?
Grain PatternAre the grains aligned in some kind of
pattern?
No visible grainCan any grains be seen? Stop :
Complete Classifying Rocks Power Point Notes Page 2 Part BBefore Continuing 12
Grain SizeCoarse grained
Grains are large and easy to see.Fine grained
Grains are small and can only be seen using a magnifying glass or microscope.
No Visable GrainGrains cannot be seen even with a microscope of hand lens.
Stop :Complete Classifying Rocks Power Point Notes
Page 2 Part CBefore Continuing 13
Grain Size Wheel ChartEx: #3 through 7: Coarse GrainEx: #8 through 10: Fine Grain
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Rock Grain Size ActivityYou will use Classifying Rocks Power
Point Worksheet 1 part B for this activity.On the following slide, link to the picture of
each rock sample.After linking to the photo, use the grain size
wheel chart on the previous slide. Try your best to determine the grain size (coarse, fine, or no visible grain) and the wheel number (if applicable) for each of the rocks observed.
Complete the chart on part B of your worksheet.15
Rock Grain Size ActivityRock Samples (click on the sample to link to the picture).
Rock Sample 1Rock Sample 2Rock Sample 3Rock Sample 4Rock Sample 5
Stop :Complete Classifying Rocks Power Point
Worksheet 1 Part BBefore Continuing
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Grain ShapeGrains vary in shape.Shape of the mineral crystals that make up the rock.
Shape of the fragments of other rocks.
Rounded grainJagged (angular) grain Stop :
Complete Classifying Rocks Power Point Notes Page 2 Part D
Before Continuing 17
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Rock Grain Shape ActivityYou will use Classifying Rocks Power
Point Worksheet 1 part C for this activity.On the following slide, link to the picture of
each rock sample.After linking to the photo, use the grain
shape chart on the previous slide. Try your best to determine the grain shape and how spherical the grain is for each of the rocks observed.
Complete the chart on part C of your worksheet.19
Rock Grain Shape ActivityRock Samples (click on the sample to link to the picture).
Rock Sample 1Rock Sample 2Rock Sample 3Rock Sample 4Rock Sample 5
Stop :Complete Classifying Rocks Power Point
Worksheet 1 Part CBefore Continuing
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Grain PatternThe grains in a rock often form patterns.
Flat layers (like stacks of pancakes)Wavy swirling patternsBanded rows of different colors
In petrology, a rock whose grains form a layering or banded pattern are known as foliated.
In contrast, some have no pattern at all and the grains occur randomly throughout the rock.
In petrology, a rock whose grains form no pattern are nonbanded and are known as non foliated.
Stop :Complete Classifying Rocks Power Point Notes
Page 2 Part EBefore Continuing
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Rock Grain Pattern ActivityYou will use Classifying Rocks Power
Point Worksheet 1 part D for this activity.
On the following slide, link to the picture of each rock sample.
After linking to the photo, look to see if the grains form a pattern.
Complete the chart on part D of your worksheet.
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Rock Grain Pattern ActivityRock Samples (click on the sample to link to the picture).
Rock Sample 1Rock Sample 2Rock Sample 3Rock Sample 4Rock Sample 5
Stop :Complete Classifying Rocks Power Point
Worksheet 1 Part DBefore Continuing
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No Visible Grains
Cannot see any grains even with the use of a magnifying glass or microscope.
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3. Mineral CompositionGeologists identify the minerals that make the rock.
Often done with using a small slice of the rock and viewing the slice under a microscope.
Geologists also use some of the tests that are used to identify minerals.
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