Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
KEY ISSUES OF COAL ASH HANDLING IN RUSSIA
V.Y. Putilov, I.V. Putilova, E.A. Malikova National Research University
“Moscow Power Engineering Institute”
Moscow, Russia
V Международная конференция "Золошлаки ТЭС", Москва, 24-25 апреля 2014 г.
Content Introduction Legislation in the field of coal ash handling On the necessity of creating the single state body
responsible for the coal ash handling issues Expertise of new projects of coal-fired power plants and
projects of their retrofitting Informing the public about the best available nature
protection technologies in power industry On harmonization of coal ash handling legislation world-
wide Conclusions
IntroductionIn 2010 total production of CCPs from the energy
sector of the countries world–wide made about 800 million tons, and ashes are the main of them.
Coal is one of the main fuels and its share in the fuel mix of the developed countries tends to grow.
Ash ponds of the majority of the Russian coal-fired power plants are close to their design filling.
Production of CCPs in different countries in 2010, mln t
Sources:http://www.flyash.info/2013/171-Heidrich-Plenary-2013.pdfhttp://www.cea.nic.in/reports/articles/thermal/fly_ash_final.pdf
Australia; 13.1 Canada; 6.8
China; 395
Europe (15 EU countries); 52,6
India; 131
Japan; 11.1
Middle East and Africa; 32.2
USA; 118
Other Asian countries; 16.7 RF; 26.6
Utilization of CCPs in different countries in 2010, %.
Austra
lia
Canad
aChi
na
Europ
e (15
EU co
untri
es)
Indi
aJa
pan
Mid
dle E
ast a
nd A
frica
USA
Other
Asia
n cou
ntrie
sRF
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
45.8
33.8
67.1
90.9
55.7
96.4
10.6
42.1
66.5
18.8
What explains a very low rate of coal ash use in various applications and how to improve the
situation in Russia?
For effective addressing the coal ash handling problem in Russia the following is needed:
Legislative Framework
National Responsible Body
Expertise of Technical Solutions
Information Support of activity of the coal-fired power plants
Harmonizing the legislation of the countries
1. Legislation in the field of coal ash handling
TerminologyIn the world there is no single legal definition of ash.
The legal definition of ash in different countries is mainly based on national legislation.
What are ashes?
wastes? products? recycled materials?
Terminology
Country/Community Status Notes
EU productsin case of meeting REACH
since 2007
UK “end-of-waste” according to EU Directive 2008/98/EC
USA products/wastes
depending the state legislation
South Africa legally - wastes practically - products
Australiawill receive the status of
productstill recently ashes were
officially wastes
Russia wastes
Definitions of coal ash in Russia according to Guidelines RD 34.27.109-96 for electric power
industry since 1997
Ash (fly ash) particles of mineral residue of solid fuel, including a certain amount of the unburnt carbon (unburnt organic part of fuel), taken out by flue gases from the boiler furnace.
Bottom ash / boiler slag – particles of mineral residue of solid fuel, including a certain amount of the unburnt carbon, produced in furnaces of pulverized coal combustion boilers, falling out of the flame of flue gas flow in the boiler furnace and evacuated from the bottom ash/boiler slag extractor of the boiler with size up to 40 mm or coming from the furnace of the FB/CFB-boilers through the bottom ash/boiler slag cooling units to the extractor with size up to 10 mm.
Definitions of coal ash in Russia according to Guidelines RD 34.27.109-96
for electric power industry since 1997
Suggested coal ash definition:
“Coal ash is a mineral raw material of the man-made origin, being a commercial product after certification of commodity properties and used in different sectors of the economy. In the case of permanent coal ash storage at disposal sites it refers to wastes”.
For realization of this coal ash approach it’s needed to fulfill the complex work: “Carrying on the research and produce the Federal legal document “Guidelines for certification of hygienic quality of commodity products, produced using coal ash and of coal ash as commodity products”.
What to do if we accept this coal ash definition?
Main objectives of the work: development of the federal legal document having
direct action with clear and comprehensible procedure for certification of hygienic quality of ash as a commodity product, and commodity products manufactured with the use of TPP ash;
minimizing the possibility of subjectivity, arbitrariness and corruption of representatives of supervising and licensing authorities at all levels.
2. On the necessity of creating the single state body responsible for the coal ash handling issues
On availability of coal ash production and utilization statistics in Russian and some other countries and communities
Country/Community
Availability of
statistics in open
sources
Notes
EU, ECOBA Yes Data on EU-15 delayed for 2…3 years
USA, ACAA Yes Data for 2012
UK Quality Ash Association Yes Data for 2011
Asian Coal Ash Association Yes Data for 2010
Israel, National Coal Ash Board Yes Data for 2012
Russia No No data since 2007
Main aftereffects of absence of the state centre responsible for the coal ash handling problem in Russia1. No effective state policy on coal ash handling and resource management issues
2. No holistic complex of the legal and normative documents
3. No target state financing of researches
4. Actual disinterest of top managers of power holdings in effective addressing the coal ash handling problem
5. Extremely unsatisfactory information support of activity of power companies in the field of coal ash handling
6. Actual absence of qualified experts in coal ash handling and implementation of the best available techniques to the coal industry
Experience of system solution of the coal ash handling problem in the Siberian Federal District (SFD) Participants of the Program:
JSC “TGC-11”;Representatives of the RF President in the SFD;Government of the Omsk Region.
Main results:Regional Program on addressing the coal ash problem in Omsk
Region;Projects on using coal ash in agriculture, for ash ponds reclamation;Standards on use of coal ash for road construction, territory levelling
and improving the agricultural lands .
Pushing factors to address the problem understanding by management of the JSC “TGC-11” the need
and the complexity to address the coal ash handling problem for increasing the efficiency of work of power companies;
support of the Presidential Representatives’ apparatus in the Siberian Federal District;
close interaction of JSC "TGC-11" management and government of the Omsk region;
skilled specialists in the field of coal ash in "TGC-11"; willingness to solve it by management of JSC "TGC-11",
government of the Omsk region and apparatus of the Presidential Representatives in the Siberian Federal District.
3. Expertise of the projects of coal-fired power plants
Retrofitting the ash removal system of Troitskaya SDPP
According to the Technical Inquiry: the current wet ash removal system remains as an emergency one. when it is impossible and/or unreasonable to retrofit the system for
evacuating bottom ash from the boiler throat, bottom ash is evacuated using the existing wet ash removal system and transported to the emergency ash dump
Main expected results of retrofitting the ash removal system of Troitskaya SDPP
1. Parallel operation of wet and dry ash removal system
2. Increase in operational expenses for ash removal system
3. The wet ash removal system remains a point of discharge of industrial and surface wastewaters of the power plant
4. Parallel operation of the dry and wet ash disposal areas
5. Ecological damage to the environment and the people living in residential areas
Retrofitting the ash removal system of Reftinskaya power plant
Option 1. The existing wet ash
removal system remains and expands
Option 2. A system with removal
and shipment of dry coal ash and storing
the unclaimed part at the dry ash disposal
site is created
Main indicators of wet and dry ash removal systems of Reftinskaya SDPP
Indicators Wet system Dry system
Area for the ash dump expansion, ha 456,0 –*
The total capacity of the ash dump, million m3 137,2 185,3
Ash dump to be filled, years 20,6 36,0
Length of embankments, km 49,4 –
Volume of stone for construction of dams, thousand m3 4660,0 –
The cost of the dam (without VAT), USD million 269,0 –
Valuation of options for ash removal system (excluding VAT), mln USD 448,0 241,0
Payback period of the investment project Never! Depending on the volume of ash sales
* ― for constructing the dry ash disposal the filled ash pond sections are uses
Expected results of dry ash removal system introduction at Reftinskaya SDPP
improving the environmental situation in the place of the power plant location;
no need to expand the ash dump and saving 465 hectares of wood;
reduction of water consumption at the power plant as a whole;prolongation of the ash dump filling of 1.8; reduction of the cost price of electricity generation; increase in ash sales.
Actual results of retrofitting the ash removal system of Reftinskaya SDPPthe existing wet ash removal system remains as a reserve one;
wet bottom ash removal system, which should work in parallel
with the dry ash disposal, is under project;
the following is initiated: creation of the dry ash removal
system from ESPs hoppers, its pneumatic conveying to the
silo, partial shipment of dry ash to consumers and storage of
the unclaimed part of dry ash at the dry ash disposal site;
appreciation of the cost price of ash handling;
appreciation of the cost price of electricity generation;
increased water consumption at the power plant as a whole.
4. Informing all social groups about the best available nature
protection technologies in power industry and ways of addressing the coal ash handling problem
4.1. On Electronic Information Systems of the Open Access
Information System of the Open Access "The Best Available and Perspective Nature Protection Technologies in the Russian Power Industry" both in Russian and English - http://osi.ecopower.ru
4.2. Mass Media Role by example of the ash spill at the ash pond of Kingston Power Plant (Tennessee, USA) in 2008
Extremely negative opinion about beneficial use of all types of coal ash
Adverse changing in U.S. legislation relating to CCPs handling
Closing of C2P2 Program (partnership in the field of coal combustion by-products)
4.3. Organizing and holding the international scientific conferences and
workshops
Proceedings of the International Ash Conferences are placed in the mentioned Open Information System at the section “Ash handling” both in Russian and English.
4.4. Training of specialists in the field of nature protection technologies and coal ash handlingImprovement of professional skills and retraining in the Training Center “Ecology of Power Engineering” of MPEI Tens of training programs have been developed; More than 1000 listeners have been trained; Manuals, monographs, hundreds of educational aids have
been issued
5. On harmonization of legislation of countries world-
wide in the field of coal ash handling
Harmonization of nature protection legislation of the countries world-wide, especially of the trading partners, is an essential factor for increase in efficiency of coal ash use and
introduction of BAT to the power industry
Aftereffects of the absence of the harmonized legal and normative documents on coal ash handling
1. Obstacle to the implementation of BAT of the world relating to coal ash handling at the coal-fired power plants
2. Negative impact on timing of repayment and investment attractiveness of BAT introduction in the field of coal ash handling
3. Obstacle to building national civilized market of commercial products made of ash and marketable products produced using ash
4. Continued degradation of environment by ash ponds of coal-fired power plants near their location and unsustainable use of natural mineral resources
5. Barrier in trading commodity products made of ash between the countries of the world
For addressing the coal ash handling problem in Russia it’s required to implement the program-target method, for which it’s necessary:1. Create a single state responsibility Centre for coordinating the
activities of all Federal and Regional Ministries and Agencies relating to efficient solution of the coal ash handling problem
2. Provide state funding of the permanent researches in the field of coal ash handling for the following:
creating the holistic legal framework in the field of coal ash handling to be constantly updated;
harmonization of Russian and foreign legal and normative documents;
constant updating the Information System of the Open Access "The Best Available and Perspective Nature Protection Technologies in the Russian Power Industry" in Russian and English
informing the public on BAT in the field of ecology in power engineering and coal ash handling
For addressing the coal ash handling problem in Russia it’s required to implement the program-target method, for which it’s necessary:
3. Provide matching the qualification of staff of power companies and other organizations, dealing with coal ash handling and introducing BAT at the coal-fired power plants, to the modern requirements
4. Organize close interaction between management of energy companies and Legislative and Executive Authorities at all levels on BAT introduction and beneficial coal ash use.
